Global Value Chain

Group Project and Assignment

Global Logistics and Transportation

GSCM1005

Vatsal Dinesh Kumar Patel

200587687

Niraj Dilip Kumar Prajapati

200587585

Professor- Mr. Nawazudeen Mohamed

Date of Submission: 24 March 2024

Global Value Chain

PART 1 (case study)

An Analysis of Supply Chain Practices at Kalastaa Inc.

The supply chain procedures used by Kalastaa Inc. show a dedication to growth and quality, but
they also highlight gaps in communication and documentation. After initially concentrating on
regional markets, the company expanded its reach by pursuing export potential. Nonetheless,
there were difficulties meeting international standards and specifications, especially
about certification and quality control.
Due to the importing bank's rejection of the company's papers, the company's dependence on a
national standards organization for certification proved insufficient for international transactions.
This reveals a lack of knowledge of and compliance with international regulatory standards.
Furthermore, there were communication breakdowns between DanskFisk and Kalastaa, which
worsened inspection problems, led to rejected shipments, and cost money.
Kalastaa needs to reassess its approach to the supply chain, prioritizing strict adherence to global
norms and establishing more transparent lines of contact with partners. For sustained expansion
in the worldwide market, it is imperative to improve paperwork accuracy, fortify quality
assurance procedures, and foster closer ties with importers.

About Kalastaa Inc.

Kalastaa Inc., a prominent player in the Finnish aquaculture industry, has solidified its position
over nearly fourteen years of operation. The company, which specializes in raising salmon and
trout for regional markets, recently started a bold initiative to broaden its customer base beyond
Finland. Even though Kalastaa employs 16 people year-round and operates on a modest scale, it
has found ways to export excess produce and establish strategic alliances with fish processing
facilities around the European Union.

Understanding how the industry is changing, Kalastaa wants to take advantage of its edge in
providing fish products of the highest calibre. Even while cheaper Scottish salmon is becoming
more widely available, the company is still committed to giving its customers high-quality
products. Kalastaa has actively participated in government programs meant to support small
business export initiatives by utilizing its knowledge of the local market and its competence in
the field. This proactive strategy has made it easier for the business to attend international
Global Value Chain

conferences on aquaculture, which has opened important networking possibilities and, in the end,
helped it build relationships with important industry players like Danish importer DanskFisk.

A major turning point for Kalastaa was the recent negotiations with DanskFisk, which indicated
the company's intention to enter the international market. However, the company has faced
obstacles in the form of certification issues despite its goals, highlighting the difficulties that
come with doing business internationally. Despite Kalastaa's best attempts to comply with
quality standards and legal obligations, it was forced to deal with the rejection of important
papers and ensuing disagreements with its potential buyer.
Kalastaa is at a critical point in its development where a strategic review of its exporting strategy
is necessary while it works through these difficulties. The company is well-positioned to adapt
and change in the ever-changing aquaculture industry thanks to its tenacity, resolve, and
unrelenting dedication to providing quality. However, to guarantee the achievement of its goals
and the ongoing expansion of its export endeavours, cautious thought and calculated changes are
necessary.
Evaluation

The most suitable trading platform between Danskfisk and Kalastaa is DDP or India Customs
Incoterm. Due to Incoterm DDP, Kalastaa, the buyer, will pay all costs, including applicable
taxes and fees, shipping, and handling charges, to Dansk Fisk, the importer. Goods to buyer,
problem is transferred from buyer to buyer. They are ready to deliver upon arrival. The buyer
must handle all duties and taxes. The Kalastaa seller must ensure that the goods are delivered to
the specified address and hire a courier service to cover all related shipping costs. On the other
hand, Danskfisk is the big what should you be care, including following and understanding the
rules and regulations that apply to your business. It is your responsibility to enter the correct
input into the conditions, and it is important to allow the conditions to determine whether the
element can be released from control.

The purpose of each export document must be provided by Kalastaa to confirm the following
document number: There is also a record of Kalastaa's credit documents and letters of credit.
Commercial invoices, contract protection, marine surplus invoices and type authorizations are
applicable. Each article is considered for the following purposes:
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Company Report: Agency work is used for free processes. We will investigate the exact value of
the goods and taxes. Insurance coverage: Provided to minimize accidents or damage during
transportation. CIF, the provider organizes and protects customers like Danskfisk. An agreement
between the buyer and the seller specifies this.

Sea Bill of Lading: This is a bill of lading that is issued for carriage to a specific person or place.
The goods are ready for movement.

Certificate of Consolidation: A record that assesses the original price of the reference product.
Array diagram values are literals.

Proposed Solution

To tackle the issues of certification and quality inconsistencies, Kalastaa Inc. ought to
proactively enhance its exporting approach. First and foremost, the business needs to
communicate directly with certifying bodies to guarantee adherence to strict quality requirements
and prevent ambiguous or inadequate paperwork. To streamline operations and reduce
miscommunication, Kalastaa should also improve channels of communication with importers
and banks. To distribute risk and increase prospects, the company should also think about
diversifying its export markets to lessen its reliance on a single buyer. There are many types of
ships, and most changes depend on the type of cargo the ship is carrying. Part of the critical view
of the paper is that the origin of the path is key. The front is the front part to stabilize under the
main floor of the tank. There are many tanks on the ship to stabilize the goods and heated tanks
to put the fish in to keep them cool. Instead of using refrigerators to transport cargo safely and
quickly, ships should use refrigerators so that separate areas can be used for different purposes.
Some ships have large decks that can store large, fortified products. The best vehicles for
transportation to Kalastaa are flatbeds or portables. In my opinion, it is better to ship the product
FOB (Ready Vessel) to its destination in Kalastaa. Finally, putting money into internal quality
control systems and giving employees thorough training will help guarantee consistency in
product quality and reduce the possibility of future disagreements. By putting these strategies
into practice, Kalastaa will be better equipped to handle the challenges of global trade and set up
long-term success in exporting its high-calibre fish products.
Global Value Chain

Recommendations

Kalastaa would have benefited from hiring a freight sponsor for the following reasons:

Goods import and export: - Freight forwarders can aid the importation and fare of items.
Financing can be provided for imports of crude material from various countries and finished
goods can then be sent to buyers.

A cargo-sending expert can provide the most cost-effective and efficient way to transport
consignments, like how to book transportation is necessary for shipping goods from one country
to another, which is crucial for fares. Specialist services: Transporters with fare and import
experience are various prospects. Many companies currently offer administrations for sending
cargo, to enable you to use the administration in place of using multiple freight forwarders.

Focus on core business: Enlisted forwarders will spare a lot of time and cash, either
straightforwardly or by delivery and coordination firms, to lead the centre business.
Organizations rely on their master abilities and information to achieve the appropriate outcome
for their goods within a predetermined timeframe.

If a freight forwarding agent is employed, Kalastaa will benefit since the forwarder of cargo
realizes the shipping rules and terms well indeed. So Kalastaa wanted to know how much money
they put into the job. Sign up as a contributor.
Global Value Chain

PART 2 (Learning Outcomes)

 Explain the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders involved in the issuing and
management of documents necessary for international trade transactions.

In international trade transactions, various stakeholders play critical roles in issuing and
managing documents essential for smooth and compliant trade processes. Here are the roles and
responsibilities of key stakeholders involved:

Exporter:

Role: The exporter is the seller of goods or services in an international trade transaction.

Responsibilities: Provide a commercial invoice detailing the goods or services sold, including
quantity, description, price, terms of sale, and payment terms. Issue a packing list specifying the
contents, quantity, and packaging details of the shipment. Obtain necessary export licenses,
permits, and certificates for exporting specific goods or services.

Importer:

Role: The importer is the buyer of goods or services in an international trade transaction.

Responsibilities: Issue a purchase order detailing the goods or services to be purchased, quantity,
price, delivery terms, and payment terms. Provide import licenses, permits, and certificates
required for importing specific goods or services. Arrange customs clearance and payment of
import duties, taxes, and fees.

Customs Authorities:

Role: Customs authorities are government agencies responsible for regulating and controlling the
movement of goods across borders.

Responsibilities: Verify and process export and import documentation, including customs
declarations, invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, and shipping documents. Assess and
collect duties, taxes, and fees on imported goods based on their classification, value, and country
of origin. Conduct inspections and examinations of goods to ensure compliance with import
regulations, safety standards, and trade agreements.
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Freight Forwarder:

Role: A freight forwarder is a logistics provider that manages the transportation and logistics of
goods in international trade.

Responsibilities: Arrange shipment of goods from the exporter's location to the importer's
destination using various modes of transport (air, sea, road, rail). Coordinate with shipping
carriers, airlines, trucking companies, and customs brokers to ensure timely and efficient delivery
of goods. Provide freight consolidation, packaging, labelling, and documentation services for
international shipments.

Banks and Financial Institutions:

Role: Banks and financial institutions facilitate international trade by providing payment,
financing, and risk mitigation services.

Responsibilities: Process and verify letters of credit (LCs), documentary collections, and other
payment instruments used in international trade transactions. Provide trade finance services, such
as export/import financing, pre-export financing, and working capital loans to support trade
activities. Issue bank guarantees, standby letters of credit (SBLCs), and performance bonds to
secure payment obligations and mitigate trade risks.

Insurance Companies:

Role: Insurance companies offer marine cargo insurance, transit insurance, and trade credit
insurance to protect against risks in international trade.

Responsibilities: Provide marine cargo insurance to cover the loss or damage of goods during
transit by sea, air, road, or rail. Offer transit insurance to protect against risks such as theft, fire,
accidents, and natural disasters during transportation. Issue trade credit insurance to protect
exporters against non-payment or default by importers, insolvency, political risks, and trade
disputes.

Quality Inspection Agencies:

Role: Quality inspection agencies conduct inspections, testing, and certification of goods to
ensure compliance with quality standards, safety regulations, and contractual requirements.
Global Value Chain

Responsibilities: Inspect and test goods for quality, authenticity, conformity, and compliance
with technical specifications, industry standards, and regulatory requirements.

 Describe the types and purposes of international trade documentation for the
management of the movement of goods and services in international trade transactions.

International trade documents play an important role in regulating the movement of goods and
services in international trade transactions. These documents serve many purposes and are
important to comply with legal requirements, facilitate smooth logistics operations, and
minimize risk. The types and purposes of the main commercial documents in the world are as
follows:

Commercial invoice:

Purpose: A commercial invoice is a basic document that provides information about goods,
services, or sold in international trade. This includes information such as quantity, description,
unit price, total price, sales terms, payment terms, and parties involved (exporter and importer).
Trade numbers are used for clearing terms, product reviews, and financial transactions between
buyers and sellers.

Packing List:

Purpose: A packing list is a detailed list of contents, quantity, size, weight, and packaging Details
of each item are included in the delivery. It helps customs authorities, freight forwarders, and
logistics providers identify and verify the goods, ensure accurate handling and storage, and
facilitate efficient loading and unloading of cargo.

Bill of Lading (B/L):

Purpose: The bill of lading is a transport document issued by the carrier (shipping line, airline, or
trucking company) acknowledging receipt of goods for shipment. It serves as a contract of
carriage, evidence of title to the goods, and receipt of delivery. The bill of lading includes details
such as the shipper, consignee, description of goods, quantity, marks and numbers, freight
charges, and terms of carriage. There are different types of bills of lading, including negotiable
(used for sea shipments) and non-negotiable (used for air and road shipments).
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Certificate of Origin:

Purpose: The certificate of origin is a document issued by the exporter or authorized authority
certifying the country of origin of the goods. It provides proof that the goods originate from a
specific country and may be required for customs clearance, import duty assessment, preferential
trade agreements (e.g., free trade agreements), and compliance with import regulations.

Customs Declaration:

Purpose: A customs declaration is a formal statement submitted by the exporter or importer to

customs authorities declaring the details of the goods being imported or exported. It includes
information such as the value, quantity, description, classification (Harmonized System code),
origin, and declared customs value of the goods. Customs declarations are used for customs
clearance, duty assessment, risk assessment, and compliance with import/export regulations.

Insurance Certificate:

Purpose: An insurance certificate (marine cargo insurance or transit insurance) provides proof of
insurance coverage for the goods during transit. It includes details such as the insured amount,
coverage period, risks covered (e.g., loss, damage, theft), insurance company, and policy number.
The insurance certificate helps protect against financial losses due to damage, loss, or theft of
goods during transportation.

Import/Export Licenses and Permits:

Purpose: Import and export licenses and permits are issued by government authorities to
authorize the importation or exportation of specific goods or services. They ensure compliance
with trade regulations, control the movement of sensitive or restricted items (e.g., controlled
substances, firearms, endangered species), and protect national interests (e.g., national security,
public health, environmental conservation).

Letter of Credit (L/C):

Purpose: A letter of credit is a financial instrument issued by a bank on behalf of the importer
(buyer) guaranteeing payment to the exporter (seller) upon presentation of compliant shipping
documents. It provides guaranteed settlement and reduces settlement risk for both parties
Global Value Chain

involved in the transaction. The letter of credit includes terms and conditions, payment
instructions, necessary shipping documents, and relevant parties (issuing bank, carrier, courier).

Certificate of inspection and quality control:

Purpose: It will be a certificate inspection and quality control. issued. Special inspection bodies
or quality control bodies inspect the quality, condition, reliability, and compliance of products
with technical requirements, industry standards, and contractual requirements. This helps to
ensure the quality of products and reduce the risk of defective products.

Import/import declaration:

Purpose: The import/import declaration is a document containing the duties that must be sent to
the customs authorities, and a detailed description of the product. export or import. This includes
data such as buyer/importer information, product description, quantity, price, origin,
classification (HS code), destination, customs value, and duties/taxes. Export/import declaration
forms are used for customs clearance, customs assessment, trade statistics, and compliance
reporting.

These are some of the main international trade documents used to control the movement of
goods, goods, and services in international trade. Each document has a specific purpose,
including ensuring compliance with the law, managing logistics, protecting financial
transactions, and mitigating risks associated with cross-border trade.

 Explain the purpose and importance of using Incoterms® rules within international
trade transaction documentation.

The purpose and importance of using Incoterms® rules within international trade transaction
documentation are significant for clarifying the responsibilities, risks, and costs between buyers
and sellers during the movement of goods. Here's a detailed explanation:

Purpose of Incoterms® Rules:

Standardization: Incoterms® rules provide a set of internationally recognized terms that

standardize the interpretation of trade terms and conditions in contracts.
Global Value Chain

Clarity: They clarify the roles, responsibilities, and obligations of buyers and sellers regarding
the delivery, transportation, insurance, and customs clearance of goods.

Risk Allocation: Incoterms® allocate risks between parties by specifying when the responsibility
for goods transfers from the seller to the buyer during transit.

Cost Allocation: They define which party is responsible for specific costs, such as transportation,
insurance, customs duties, and export/import fees. Legal Certainty: Incoterms® rules offer legal
certainty by establishing clear terms that can be incorporated into contracts, reducing disputes
and misunderstandings.

Importance of Using Incoterms® Rules:

Avoid Misunderstandings: By using Incoterms® rules, parties ensure that both the buyer and
seller understand their roles and obligations, minimizing misunderstandings and disputes.

Risk Management: Incoterms® helps manage risks effectively by determining when the risk of
loss or damage to goods shifts from the seller to the buyer during transit.

Cost Control: They assist in controlling costs by specifying which party is responsible for
transportation, insurance, and other expenses related to the delivery of goods.

Compliance: Incoterms® rules help ensure compliance with international trade regulations,
customs requirements, and industry practices, enhancing trade efficiency and legality.

Global Trade Facilitation: Incoterms® promotes smoother international trade transactions by

providing a common language and framework for negotiating and executing contracts across
different countries and cultures. Confidence in Contracts: Parties using Incoterms® rules can
have confidence in their contracts as they adhere to internationally accepted standards and
practices, reducing the risk of contract breaches or disputes.

In summary, the purpose and importance of using Incoterms® rules within international trade
transaction documentation lie in standardizing trade terms, clarifying responsibilities, allocating
risks and costs, ensuring legal certainty, and facilitating smoother and more efficient global trade
operations. Incorporating Incoterms® rules in contracts enhances transparency, reduces
uncertainties, and promotes mutually beneficial trade relationships between buyers and sellers.
Global Value Chain

 Manage required documentation for international trade transactions to ensure

compliance and maximum efficiency.

Managing required documentation for international trade transactions is crucial to ensure

compliance with regulations and maximize efficiency in the movement of goods and services
across borders. Here are key steps to manage documentation effectively:

Understand Regulatory Requirements: Research and understand the regulatory requirements

related to international trade, including customs regulations, export/import controls, trade
agreements, and documentation standards specific to the countries involved.

Identify Required Documents: Identify the specific documents required for each stage of the
international trade transaction, such as commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin,
bills of lading, export/import licenses, customs declarations, and insurance certificates.

Create a Documentation Checklist: Develop a comprehensive checklist of all required

documents for each trade transaction, specifying the purpose, format, and deadline for each
document. Ensure that the documentation checklist aligns with regulatory requirements and
industry best practices.

Gather and Verify Information: Collect accurate and complete information from stakeholders
involved in the trade transaction, including exporters, importers, freight forwarders, customs
brokers, banks, insurance providers, and quality inspection agencies. Verify the authenticity and
accuracy of all information provided to avoid discrepancies and delays in customs clearance.

Prepare and Review Documents: Prepare all required documents according to the specified
format, content, and language requirements. Review and double-check the documents for
accuracy, completeness, consistency, and compliance with regulatory standards and contractual
obligations. Ensure that documents are signed, stamped, and dated as per legal and
administrative requirements.

Manage Document Flow: Establish a systematic process for managing the flow of documents
throughout the trade transaction, from initial order placement to final delivery and payment. Use
digital document management systems or software to organize, track, and share documents
securely with relevant parties.
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Coordinate with Stakeholders: Communicate effectively with all stakeholders involved in the
trade transaction to coordinate document exchange, review, approval, and submission. Provide
clear instructions and deadlines for document submission to avoid delays and non-compliance
issues.

Comply with Customs and Trade Regulations: Ensure that all documentation complies with
customs regulations, trade agreements, export controls, import restrictions, and sanctions
imposed by relevant authorities. Obtain necessary approvals, permits, licenses, and certifications
for exporting/importing specific goods or services.

Maintain Records and Archives: Keep organized records of all trade-related documents,
including copies of invoices, shipping documents, certificates, permits, licenses, and
correspondence with authorities. Maintain archives of digital and physical documents for future
reference, audits, and compliance monitoring.

Continuous Improvement and Training: Continuously review and improve document

management processes to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and compliance in international trade
transactions. Provide training and guidance to personnel involved in document preparation,
review, and management to ensure awareness of regulatory requirements and best practices.

By following these steps and implementing effective document management practices,

organizations can ensure compliance with international trade regulations, reduce risks of errors
or delays, enhance operational efficiency, and facilitate smooth and cost-effective trade
transactions across borders.

 Negotiate carrier agreements for shipping goods according to the agreed upon
Incoterms® rules in the sales contract.

Negotiating carrier agreements for shipping goods according to the agreed-upon Incoterms®
rules in the sales contract is a critical aspect of international trade. Here are the steps involved in
negotiating carrier agreements:

Understand Incoterms® Rules: Familiarize yourself with the specific Incoterms® rules agreed
upon in the sales contract. Understand the responsibilities, risks, and obligations of both the
buyer and seller regarding the delivery and transportation of goods.
Global Value Chain

Identify Shipping Requirements: Determine the shipping requirements based on the chosen
Incoterms® rule, such as the point of delivery, transportation mode (sea, air, road, rail), insurance
coverage, export/import procedures, and documentation responsibilities.

Research Carrier Options: Research and evaluate potential carriers (shipping lines, airlines,
trucking companies, rail operators) that can meet your shipping requirements in terms of service
quality, reliability, transit times, coverage area, and cost-effectiveness.

Request Quotes and Proposals: Contact multiple carriers and request quotes or proposals
based on the specific shipping requirements and Incoterms® rule agreed upon in the sales
contract. Provide detailed information about the shipment, including origin and destination
ports/locations, cargo volume/weight, packaging requirements, transit time expectations, and any
special handling instructions.

Negotiate Terms and Conditions: Review the quotes and proposals received from carriers and
negotiate terms and conditions that align with the Incoterms® rule and your business needs.
Discuss pricing, freight rates, surcharges, insurance coverage, liability limits, transit times,
delivery schedules, tracking and tracing capabilities, and any additional services required (e.g.,
customs clearance, warehousing).

Clarify Responsibilities and Expectations: Communicate the responsibilities and expectations

of both parties (carrier and shipper) regarding the transportation, handling, and delivery of goods
under the agreed-upon Incoterms® rule. Ensure that the carrier understands its obligations
regarding loading, unloading, packaging, labelling, documentation, customs procedures, and
compliance with regulations.

Review and Finalize Agreements: Review and compare the terms, conditions, and pricing
offered by different carriers. Consider factors such as reputation, track record, customer reviews,
and reliability in your decision-making process. Negotiate any necessary changes or adjustments
to the carrier agreements to ensure they reflect the Incoterms® rule and provide optimal shipping
solutions. Obtain written confirmation and sign the carrier agreements once all terms are agreed
upon and finalized.
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Monitor Performance and Communication: Maintain regular communication with the chosen
carrier to monitor performance, track shipments, address any issues or delays, and ensure
compliance with the agreed-upon terms and conditions.

Keep accurate records of shipping documents, contracts, correspondence, and performance

metrics to track carrier performance and resolve disputes if necessary. By following these steps,
you can effectively negotiate carrier agreements for shipping goods according to the agreed-upon
Incoterms® rules in the sales contract, ensuring smooth and efficient transportation of goods in
international trade transactions.

 Make use of third-party agents, such as freight forwarders and customs brokers,
appropriate for international distribution.

Using third-party agents like freight forwarders and customs brokers can be highly beneficial for
international distribution, especially when dealing with complex logistics and customs
procedures. Here's how to make effective use of these agents:

Identify Logistics and Customs Needs: Assess the specific logistics and customs requirements
of your international distribution process, including transportation modes, routes, packaging,
labelling, documentation, and customs clearance procedures.

Research and Select Third-Party Agents: Research reputable freight forwarders and customs
brokers with expertise in your target markets, industries, and shipping routes. Evaluate their
capabilities, experience, track record, certifications, network of partners, and ability to handle
your specific logistics and customs requirements effectively.

Define Scope of Services: Clearly define the scope of services you require from third-party
agents, such as freight forwarding services (transportation, warehousing, inventory management,
packaging, labelling) and customs brokerage services (customs clearance, documentation,
compliance). Discuss expectations, responsibilities, timelines, communication channels,
reporting requirements, and service levels with the chosen agents. Negotiate Contracts and
Terms: Negotiate contracts and terms of service with third-party agents, including pricing, fees,
payment terms, insurance coverage, liability limits, performance metrics, and dispute resolution
mechanisms. Ensure that the contracts reflect your business needs, compliance requirements, and
the Incoterms® rules agreed upon in sales contracts.
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Collaborate and Coordinate: Collaborate closely with freight forwarders and customs brokers
to coordinate the logistics and customs processes seamlessly. Provide accurate and timely
information, such as shipping details, documentation requirements, product specifications,
regulatory compliance, and shipment tracking updates.

Utilize Expertise and Resources: Leverage the expertise, resources, and industry knowledge of
third-party agents to optimize international distribution, navigate complex regulations, minimize
risks, and expedite customs clearance. Seek advice and guidance from agents on best practices,
cost-saving strategies, supply chain optimization, and regulatory compliance.

Monitor Performance and Communication: Monitor the performance of third-party agents,

track key performance indicators (KPIs), and assess their adherence to contractual obligations
and service levels. Maintain open communication channels with agents to address any issues,
changes, or challenges that may arise during international distribution. Regularly review and
evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of third-party services to identify areas for improvement
and optimization.

Continuous Improvement and Feedback: Provide feedback to third-party agents on their

performance, service quality, responsiveness, and areas for improvement. Collaborate on
continuous improvement initiatives, process enhancements, and technology adoption to enhance
international distribution efficiency, visibility, and customer satisfaction.

By making effective use of third-party agents such as freight forwarders and customs brokers,
businesses can streamline international distribution, improve logistics efficiency, ensure
regulatory compliance, reduce operational risks and enhance overall supply chain performance.
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PART 3 - ERP IMPLIMENTATION

FedEx Canada should think about deploying Oracle ERP Cloud. A thorough action plan,
required materials, and associated expenses are provided below:

Introduction of the Project:

-Describe the main deliverables, goals, and scope of the project.
-A project manager, IT experts, business analysts, and end users should be included in the project team.
-Call a kick-off meeting to discuss the objectives of the project and assign roles and duties.

Requirements Gathering:
-Gather business requirements by interviewing and doing workshops with stakeholders.
-Keep a record of your present procedures, problems, and intended enhancements.
-Determine which Oracle ERP Cloud modules are essential (e.g., finance, supply chain, human
resources).

Selecting a Vendor:
-Examine ERP providers and the features, scalability, and compatibility of Oracle ERP Cloud.
-Ask Oracle for offers, then bargain over costs, licenses, and implementation schedules.
-Complete contract negotiations and secure all required licenses.

System Individualization and Setup:

-Customise Oracle ERP Cloud to meet FedEx Canada's needs by working with Oracle
professionals.
-Configure the system using workflows and business processes that have been documented.
-Create data migration plans to move current data to Oracle ERP Cloud.

Training and Change Management:

-Create a thorough end-user training program.
-Educate staff members on system operations and features through training sessions.
-To guarantee a seamless transition and user uptake, put change management tactics into
practice.

Testing and Quality Assurance:

-Test the system to find and fix any problems or bugs.
-To confirm the functionality and usability of the system, perform user acceptability testing, or
UAT.
-Before deploying, record test results and make any required modifications.
Implementation and Launch:
-Create a deployment plan that details the roles, duties, and deadlines.
-Establish a go-live date and let everyone involved know when it will happen.
-Verify that all required support is available during the transfer and do last-minute system tests.

Support Following Implementation:

-To respond to user questions and system improvements and offer continuing support and
maintenance.
-To make sure the system is in line with corporate goals, keep an eye on its performance and
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review it regularly.
-Maintain system optimization to satisfy changing business requirements.

 Resources Required:
 Project Manager
 ERP Implementation Team (IT specialists, business analysts)
 Oracle ERP Cloud Consultants
 End-User Training Specialists
 Hardware and Software Infrastructure
 Budget Allocation for Licensing, Implementation, and Training Costs

 Costs:
 Licensing Fees for Oracle ERP Cloud
 Implementation Costs (Customization, Configuration, Data Migration)
 Training Expenses
 Hardware and Infrastructure Costs
 Ongoing Maintenance and Support Fees

Oracle ERP Cloud may be successfully implemented by FedEx Canada by adhering to this
planned course of action and utilizing project management concepts. This will simplify
operations and boost overall productivity.

Journal
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Lewis, M. A. Investigating the impact of blockchain on International trade Documentation

process (Doctoral dissertation, ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE).

Lee, E. S. (2013). Management of international trade. Springer Science & Business Media.

Paliu-Popa, L. (2012). Development of the international Trade in Terms of Incoterms 2010 Rules. The

Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle I, Economics and Applied Informatics, Years

XVIII-no, 99, 106.

Magnus, U., & Piltz, B. (2021, April). Trade Terms and INCOTERMS. In International Sales Law (pp. 322-

336). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG.

Skender, H. P., Host, A., & Nuhanović, M. (2016). The role of logistics service providers in international

trade. Business Logistics in Modern Management.

Khanna, K., & Arneja, G. P. (2012). Choosing an appropriate ERP implementation strategy. IOSR journal

of Engineering, 2(3), 478-483.

El Mariouli, M., & Laassiri, J. (2019). Applying Agile Procedure Model to Improve ERP Systems

Implementation Strategy. In Information Systems and Technologies to Support Learning: Proceedings of

EMENA-ISTL 2018 2 (pp. 471-481). Springer International Publishing.