Detailed Table of Contents

Preface.................................................................................................................................................. xvi

Chapter 1
Healthcare 5.0 Fundamentals................................................................................................................... 1
Ayesha Naureen, B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, India
K. Vamshi, B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, India
K. Chaithanya Krishna, B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, India
Mohammad Manzoor Hussain, B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, India

Healthcare 5.0 signifies a radical paradigm shift in the healthcare sector in an era of technology that is
advancing at an exponential rate. In this chapter, the author goes into the fundamental ideas and real-world
uses that support this revolution. The historical view presented in this chapter shows how healthcare
concepts have changed through time, from earlier iterations to the current Healthcare 5.0. It highlights
the crucial part that technology has played in influencing this new era of healthcare.

Chapter 2
Introduction to Cloud Computing and Healthcare 5.0: Transforming the Future of Healthcare........... 26
Dankan Gowda V., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BMS
Institute of Technology and Management, India
Shashikala S. V., BGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University, India
Manu Y. M., BGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University, India
Mandeep Kaur, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi
University, India
Sudhanshu Kumar Jha, Department of Electronics and Communication, University of
Allahabad, India

Healthcare delivery is poised to undergo a paradigm shift as a result of the convergence of cloud computing
and Healthcare 5.0, which promises to revolutionize patient care. In order to enable Healthcare 5.0, a
patient-centric strategy that combines cutting-edge technologies and data-driven insights to customize
healthcare experiences, this chapter serves as an introduction to the transformative potential of cloud
computing. Beginning with a thorough explanation of cloud computing’s fundamental principles,
architecture, and distinguishing features, the chapter moves on to its main points. Introduced is the idea
of healthcare 5.0, emphasizing its emphasis on patient empowerment, personalized medicine, and the
harmonious fusion of medical knowledge and technology. By utilizing telemedicine, cloud-based data
analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI), Healthcare 5.0 seeks to go beyond the conventional one-size-
fits-all method of providing healthcare services.


 

Chapter 3
Development of Personalized Healthcare Systems (Healthcare 5.0) and Its Impact on Wellbeing:
Understanding the Concepts.................................................................................................................. 46
Meenal Kulkarni, School of Business, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT-World Peace University,
Pune, India
Moumita Sharma, School of Business, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT-World Peace University,
Pune, India

The chapter explores the development and conceptual understanding of healthcare 1.0 to 5.0 and its
impact on well-being. It discusses the fundamental concepts of the evolution of healthcare which aimed
at patient survivability at its initial stage to personalization now. The chapter outline focuses on digital
disruption technologies like big data, AI, blockchain, IoT, robotics, cloud computing, and virtual reality,
and its usage in various areas of healthcare. Multiple business models of business are also featured
along with an understanding of the barriers that should be understood to implement and take maximum
advantage of Healthcare 5.0 at all levels and areas of healthcare. Government initiatives in public and
private sectors are also contributing to accepting the fast-paced technological advancements. Healthcare
5.0 has and will improve the accessibility and ease of healthcare services, thereby impacting people’s
well-being. Precision healthcare, integrated and generative AI, and intelligent infrastructure will soon
become part of patient monitoring and treatment.

Chapter 4
Intelligent Biosensors for Healthcare 5.0............................................................................................... 61
Lihang Zhu, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Jucheng Zhang, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,
China
Haipeng Liu, Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, UK
Yonghua Chu, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,
China

Increasing demands for smart health management driven by aging population and chronic diseases are
transforming traditional healthcare delivery into intelligent and personalized ones. However, some critical
issues still exist in the development of intelligent biosensors towards the new era of healthcare 5.0,
such as the design and fabrication of highly integrated biosensing devices, the exploitation of artificial
intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT), the complete realization of smart disease control and health
management, etc. Recent advances have explored the feasibility of miniaturized and portable biosensing
device for household diagnostics, whereas the integration of IoT and AI is an unmet challenge. Hence,
this chapter summarizes promising on-going efforts with emphasis on two domains: electrochemistry and
spectroscopy. State-of-the-art intelligent biosensors are presented and insights in prospective exploration
directions are discussed in the context of Healthcare 5.0.

Chapter 5
Recent Trends of Federated Learning for Smart Healthcare Systems................................................... 78
Tanvi Handa, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, India
Ishita Singhal, SGT University, India
Pooja Chakraborty, Annai Fathima College of Arts and Science, India
Geetpriya Kaur, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, India


The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought a revolutionary change in the healthcare system. Smart devices have
helped people maintain their health by collecting and storing a wide range of data. Artificial intelligence
(AI) has made its promising way in several areas. They help in the early diagnosis of various diseases
along with storage and interpretation of health data. However, due to the lack of communication between
devices and the risk of transmission of data, the efficiency of AI devices is questionable. To avoid the
transmission of data, Federation learning (FL) was highlighted as an approach where issues related to
the security of sensitive data can be reduced significantly. The combination of FL, AI, and Explainable
Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques can minimize several limitations and challenges in the healthcare
system. This chapter presents an overview of FL’s application in healthcare. Different studies presented
data about FL and its usage in healthcare. Currently, this paradigm approach is successfully used by
specialists in diagnostic purposes.

Chapter 6
Federated Learning and Artificial Intelligence in E-Healthcare.......................................................... 104
Meena Gupta, Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity University, India
Priya Sharma, Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity University, India
Ruchika Kalra, Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity University, India

Federated Learning (FL), a novel distributed interactive AI paradigm, holds particular promise for smart
healthcare since it enables many clients including hospitals to take part in AI training while ensuring data
privacy. Each participant’s data that is sent to the server is really a trained sub-model rather than original
data. FL benefits from better privacy features and dispersed data processing. Analysis of very sensitive
data has substantially improved because to the combination of Federated Learning with healthcare data
informatics. By utilizing the advantages of FL, the clients’ data is preserved safely with their own model,
and data leakage is avoided to prevent any malicious data modification in the system. Horizontal FL
takes data from all devices with a comparable trait space suggests that Clients A and B are using the
same features. Vertical Federated Learning uses a number of datasets from various feature domains to
train a global model. A successful FL implementation could thus hold a significant potential for enabling
precision medicine on a large scale.

Chapter 7
Recent Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks in Medical Data Analysis........................... 119
Ling Dai, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, China
Mingming Zhou, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, China
Haipeng Liu, Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, UK

Cutting-edge artificial intelligence techniques especially deep learning algorithms have shown great
potentials in data-driven diagnostics. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely applied
in image analysis, pattern recognition, and anomaly detection. CNNs can automatically learn features
from images, avoiding human bias and improving the efficiency. The multi-layer deep network structure
enables CNN to extract features at different abstraction levels in images, enhancing semantic information
in images and improving its performance in various tasks such as classification, segmentation, and
detection. CNN exhibits great potentials in the diagnosis, prognosis and classification of various diseases.
Whereas, there are some unmet challenges in data quality and quantity, data security and privacy, model
interpretability, and ethical considerations. This chapter summarizes the advantages and challenges of
the state of the art, and future directions under the context of healthcare 5.0, providing a reference for
clinical researchers, data scientists, and biomedical engineers.
 

Chapter 8
Deep Learning for Facial Skin Issues Detection: A Study for Global Care With Healthcare 5.0....... 132
Rohit Rastogi, ABES Engineering College, India
Md. Shahjahan, ABES Engineering College, India
Piyush Yadav, ABES Engineering College, India
Mayank Gupta, Eli Lilly and Company, USA

Facial skin problems can have a profound impact on an individual’s self-esteem and mental well-being,
sometimes leading to depression. Early detection and treatment of these conditions are crucial for effective
intervention. This system uses advanced techniques such as CNN, deep CNN with random forest, and
random forest algorithms. The proposed system offers a potential pre-diagnostic tool, enabling individuals
to assess their facial conditions before consulting a dermatologist. By providing an early checkup, the
system aims to improve the overall quality of dermatological care and outcomes for patients. Through
this project, the authors aspire to empower individuals to take control of their skin health and well-being.
This research represents a significant step towards revolutionizing the field of dermatology, bridging the
gap between technology and patient care. By leveraging the insights gained from facial skin problem
detection, the authors strive to create a future where no individual suffers in silence, but instead embraces
a life free from the constraints of skin troubles.

Chapter 9
Healthcare 5.0: Intelligent Lung Cancer Disease Prediction Model Using Blockchain-Based
Federated Learning Method................................................................................................................. 156
P. Dhanasekaran, The Kavery Engineering College, India
Sakthivel Velusamy, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
R. Pavithra, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, India
Hemawathi, The Kavery Engineering College, India
Santhosh Kumar, Sona College of Technology, India

Healthcare 4.0 is a term coined by the healthcare sector in response to this transformation. In the present
investigation, the authors present a blockchain-based federation learning strategy for smart healthcare,
where the edge nodes control the blockchain to avoid a single point of failures and the MIoT gadgets
use federated instruction to fully utilize the distributed medical information. The proposed intelligent
system uses federated deep extreme neural networks for lung illness prediction. Additionally, for improved
lung disease prediction, the proposed model is strengthened using a fused scaled deep extreme machine
learning algorithm. The merged scaled federated deep extreme predictive machine learning model is
utilized to verify the best cancer illness predictions in the smart healthcare sector 5.0 that has been
provided. The results of the indicated fused balanced federation extreme deep learning methodology
was 98.3%, surpassing the most recent reported methods.

Chapter 10
AI-Powered Healthcare System to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic on Federated Learning............... 178
S. Gnanamurthy, Kuppam Engineering College, India
S. Raguvaran, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
B. Suresh Kumar, The Kavery Engineering College, India
C. Santhosh Kumar, Sona College of Technology, India
M. S. Hemawathi, The Kavery Engineering College, India


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused several healthcare-related problems around the world. The pandemic
has highlighted the shortcomings of employing current digital healthcare tools to manage public health
emergencies. As a result, the COVID-19 issue has forced countries and research organizations to
reassess healthcare delivery solutions to continue supplies while people stay at home or practice social
isolation. Innumerable works of fiction have attempted to anticipate stock market returns and volatility
using AI and machine learning. There is a dearth of a comprehensive overview of the various research
orientations, discoveries, methodological methods, and contributions in the field of AI applications in
finance. This research replicates realistic scenarios using a real COVID-19 dataset and evaluates issues
such as model repetition delays, assuring the model’s reliability and applicability. According to research
findings, using this technology will enable medical professionals to detect coronavirus disease, achieve
multiparty involvement in training, and improve data protection.

Chapter 11
A Study and Analysis on Diagnosis of Melanoma Cancer With Deep Learning: A Case Study........ 203
P. Yashashwini Reddy, Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women, India
Kishor Kumar Reddy C., Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women, India
Natassia Thandiwe Sithole, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

The riskiest type of skin cancer is known as melanoma cancer, with more than millions of human populations
identifying with this type in the last two decades around the world. Swift spreading nature to other areas
of the body makes this type of cancer the most hazardous cancer among all other skin cancers. It can be
reversed if identified at its primary stage, else chances of survival would be less if it is identified in its
severe stage. There are several conventional methods to identify melanoma at primary stage performed
by skin doctors, but there are a few limitations. To overcome the setbacks of conventional methods,
artificial intelligence has been introduced to detect melanoma cancer. The application of concepts of
artificial intelligence (AI) made a good enhancement in the field of medicine. A deep learning algorithm
termed CNN is highly opted in melanoma detection as it shows appropriate outcomes.

Chapter 12
Surveillance of Age and Gender With ML: A Knowledge Based Statistical Analysis for Next Gen
Software Products................................................................................................................................ 219
Rohit Rastogi, ABES Engineering College, India
Mayank Gupta, Eli Lilly and Company, India
Kaushlendra Gupta, ABES Engineering College, India
Saumya Kulpriya, HCL Technologies, Noida, India

Gender and age classification is a major role for many purposes in the world. Humans have god-gifted
facilities to recognize any gender and their age, but they cannot notice all the people, so the author
team has trained the machine to work at those which are not capable of recognizing by simply seeing
the people. Nowadays, the age and gender classification have a major role in the market, surveillance,
security, etc. This research work for age and gender detection is different from the other project for facial
recognition. As in this research, fisherface algorithm has been used which is very easy and accurate,
and which simply works on the basis of facial recognition. The authors have used an audience dataset
which is today’s most demanding dataset as it is a self-updated dataset, and easily available on the open
source. It basically depends on the deep learning in which openCv is used for the implementation of the
given algorithm and dataset. As it does not require any complex calculations to recognize the faces, it
is very fast and easy to use as compared to the other projects.
 

Chapter 13
Voice and Speech Recognition Application in Emotion Detection: A Utility for Future Trends........ 242
Tushar Anand, ABES Engineering College, India
Sarthak Panwar, ABES Engineering College, India
Shubham Sharma, ABES Engineering College, India
Rohit Rastogi, ABES Engineering College, India
Mayank Gupta, Eli Lilly and Company, India

Emotion detection from voice signals is needed for human-computer interaction (HCI), which is a
difficult challenge. In the literature on speech emotion recognition, various well known speech analysis
and classification methods have been used to extract emotions from signals. Deep learning strategies
have recently been proposed as a workable alternative to conventional methods and discuss several
recent studies have employed these methods to identify speech-based emotions. The review examines
the databases used, the emotions collected, and the contributions to speech emotion recognition. The
speech emotion recognition project was created by the research team, which recognizes human speech
emotions. The research team developed this project using Python 3.6. The RAVDEESS dataset was also
used since it contained eight distinct emotions expressed by all speakers. The RAVDESS dataset, Python
programming languages, and Pycharm as an IDE were all used by the author team.

Chapter 14
Applications of Pipelining With ML to Authenticate Emotions in Textual Contents......................... 269
Yati Varshney, ABES Engineering College, India
Markandey Sharma, ABES Engineering College, India
Sonali Jaiswal, ABES Engineering College, India
Mayank K. Gupta, Eli Lilly and Company, USA
Rohit Rastogi, ABES Engineering College, India

This research chapter aims to provide a smart approach for Human - Machine Interaction development
using emotion detection on textual content. These texts can be anything like reviews, tweets, and any
form of passage. As the machine is being advanced so that all the performance and commands are given
in the text form. This is necessary to analyze the textual content for getting better performance and
making the machines smarter. As the customers share their views on social media through the reviews,
this mechanism is now spread across all the organization. Nowadays, the number of reviews and tweets
are increasing and there is a necessity to analyze the data for further results. In this research, the team
analyzes the tweets content in the forms of emotions in which there are multiple forms of the emotions.
The machine learning approach is used with tf-idf vectorization for more accuracy. In the presented
research, the team performs four machine learning algorithms for analysis; these include Naive Bayes
and support vector machine.

Chapter 15
Ensuring Halal Compliance in AI-Driven Healthcare Solutions: Balancing Innovation and Faith.... 298
Md. Mahfujur Rahman, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and healthcare has ushered in a new era of medical
innovation. While these AI-driven healthcare solutions hold great promise, it is crucial to ensure that
they align with the principles of Halal, particularly in regions and communities where Halal practices
are integral to our lives. This chapter explores the multifaceted landscape of Halal compliance within


the context of AI-driven healthcare solutions, offering a comprehensive examination of the challenges,
considerations, technological advancements, ethical dimensions, and regulatory aspects surrounding this
critical intersection. Through real-world case studies and insights into emerging trends, this chapter equips
healthcare professionals, technologists, and policymakers with the knowledge necessary to navigate the
complex landscape of Halal healthcare in the age of AI.

Chapter 16
Application Domains of Federated Learning in Healthcare 5.0.......................................................... 321
T. Ananth Kumar, IFET College of Engineering, India
A. Gokulalakshmi, IFET College of Engineering, India
P. Kanimozhi, IFET College of Engineering, India
G. Glorindal, DMI-St. John the Baptist University, Malawi

Federated learning has emerged as a game-changing approach in machine learning, allowing high-
quality centralised models to be trained across a network of decentralised clients. Federated Learning is
defined by the collaborative learning process that involves a large number of customers, each of whom
contributes insights from their localised datasets. This collaborative approach is critical in cases where
data privacy and network constraints are critical. This research focuses on the unique learning algorithms
built for this situation. Individual clients autonomously compute model changes based on their local data
at each iteration, then communicate these modifications to a central server. These client-side updates
are subsequently aggregated by the central server, resulting in the construction of an updated global
model. The challenge in this situation is to train models efficiently while dealing with clients who have
inconsistent and slow network connections.

Chapter 17
Generative AI and Healthcare 5.0: A Revolution................................................................................ 339
Rama M. Maliya, UnitedWorld School of Computational Intelligence, Karnavati University,
India
Shruti Thakkar, UnitedWorld School of Computational Intelligence, Karnavati University,
India

Over the past century, the global healthcare system has undergone remarkable transformations driven
by technological advancements. Healthcare 1.0 represented ancient healing practices, reliant on manual
record-keeping and lacking efficiency. The advent of computers in the 1980s ushered in Healthcare 2.0,
enabling centralized digital records and improved communication. Healthcare 3.0 introduced affordable
smart wearable devices, capable of monitoring health metrics. In Healthcare 4.0, the integration of AI
with smart devices led to patient-centric care, global collaboration, and enhanced research efficiency,
propelling the healthcare sector into a new era of progress.

Compilation of References................................................................................................................ 350

About the Contributors..................................................................................................................... 381

Index.................................................................................................................................................... 389