Candidate No

LIFTING EQUIPMENT ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION

EXAMINATION FOR DIPLOMA – MARCH 2007

Subject: PART 1 ENTRY EXAMINATION

Time allowed: One hour
All questions should be attempted
Place X in the box alongside the answer of your choice

1. Which section of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 deals with the duties of the employer with
regard to the safety of his employees?
2
3
6
7

2. The particulars to be recorded following a thorough examination of lifting equipment are given in:
The Examination of Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998
The Lifting Plant and Equipment (Records of Test and Examination etc) Regulations 1998
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998

3. Under LOLER, the maximum fixed period between thorough examinations for in-service lifting
accessories is:
14 months
12 months
6 months
weekly

4. Under LOLER, the maximum fixed period between thorough examinations for in-service lifting
machines not used for lifting people is:
3 months
6 months
9 months
12 months

5. In some standards the term ‘coefficient of utilisation’ is used and means the same as:
The working load limit
The proof load
The safe working load
The factor of safety

6. If during the thorough examination of a hand chain block, the competent person discovers a defect
involving an existing or imminent risk of serious personal injury LOLER requires him to:
Send a copy of the report to the enforcing authority
Take no action other than remove the equipment from service
Take no action other than notify the employer
Take no action other than log his report

7. To indicate compliance with the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 a manufacture is
required to mark new lifting equipment with:
The date of the test
The CE marking
The name of the tester/examiner
The date the next examination is due

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8. In addition to marking a new item to show compliance with the Supply of Machinery (Safety)
regulations, a manufacturer must also issue:
An EC Declaration of Conformity
An examination report
An F97 test certificate
A Declaration of Conformity with PUWER

9. In UK law the SWL of a two-legged sling may be certified with the angle of the legs:
Only at 0° to the vertical
Only at 45° to the vertical
Only at 90° included angle
At any included angle the user requires

10. A ¾ BSW eyebolt is marked, SWL 1 ton 8 cwt, what is the equivalent SWL in SI units:
1800kg
1600kg
1400kg
1200kg

11. 10ft is approximately:

2m
2.5m
3m
3.5m

12. 2000 kg is approximately:

1 ton
2,700 lbs
2 ton
5,500 lbs

13 The American ton equals:

1 tonne
1500 kg
1000 lb
2000 lb

14. The Newton is the SI unit for:

Mass
Force
Weight
Length

15. Hooke's law relates to:

Plasticity
Elasticity
Fatigue
Ductility

16. Stress is:

Load divided by area of cross section
Load multiplied by area of cross section
Area of cross section divided by load
None of these

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17. A bolt in tension supports a load of 6 tons and has a cross section of ¾ sq inch. What is the stress in
the bolt?
4.5 tons/sq inch
6 tons/sq inch
8 tons/sq inch
10 tons/sq inch

18. A sheave pin in double shear is subjected to a force of 5kN. If the pin has a cross section area of
100mm², what is the shear stress in the pin?
250N/mm²
25N/mm²
500N/mm²
50N/mm²

19. The basic formula for mechanical advantage is:

Load x effort
Load ÷ effort
Effort ÷ load
Distance moved by effort ÷ distance moved by load

20. The basic formula for velocity ratio is:

Load x effort
Load ÷ effort
Distance moved by effort ÷ distance moved by load
Distance moved by effort x distance moved by load

21. Efficiency defined as a percentage is:

Mechanical advantage ÷ velocity ratio x 100
Velocity ratio ÷ mechanical advantage x 100
Velocity ratio x mechanical advantage x 100
Velocity ratio x mechanical advantage ÷ 100

22. In the lever system shown, ignoring friction, what effort E is required to balance the load?
25kg
50kg
100kg
200kg

23. In the pulley system shown, ignoring friction, what effort E is required to balance the load?
25kg
50kg
75kg
100kg

24. In the gearing system shown, what is the velocity ratio between gears A and B?
2
5
10
20

25. A ductile material is:

Able to resist shock load
Unable to resist shock load
Hard
Elastic

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26. Plasticity is:
The ability of a material to be corrosion resistant
The ability of a material to return to its original dimensions when the stress is removed
The tendency to fracture without visible plastic deformation
The ability of a material to retain its new dimensions after the removal of the stress

27. Lifting gear standards often refer to ‘killed steel’. This means the steel has been:
Over heated during rolling
Treated to remove carbon during smelting
Treated to remove oxygen during smelting
Weakened by working

28. Cast iron is:

Strong when in compression
Strong when in tension
Ductile
Good in elongation

29. The effectiveness of heat treatment given to a component can be verified by:
A proof load test
An ultrasonic test
A bend test
A Brinell test

30. Most of the modern steel lifting gear is hardened and tempered during manufacture. The purpose of
tempering is to:
Improve the toughness
Increase the hardness
Improve its wear resistance
Reduce its elongation

31. Some standards permit higher tensile steel gear to be heat treated by an alternative process to
hardening and tempering. The alternative heat treatment is known as:
Annealing
Burnishing
Quenching
Normalising

32. A hardened and tempered chain sling grade T or 8 exposed to a temperature of 500°C:
Retains its full strength
Recovers its full strength after cooling
Will melt
Will be softened

33. Higher Tensile grade M chain sling links repaired by welding should be given the following heat
treatment:
Harden and temper
Anneal
Normalise
None

34. The LEEA Technical Requirements state that testing machines shall have a minimum accuracy
grade of:
No permissible error
Class 0.5

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 Class 1.0
Class 2.0

35. The WLL of an endless chain sling to BS EN 818-4 is:

2 times that of a single leg
1.6 that of a single leg
Same as a single leg
0.8 times that of a single leg

36. Medium tolerance chain is used in the manufacture of:

Chain slings
Lashing chains
Electric chain hoists
Manual chain hoists

37. Type DT chain is intended for use on:

Power hoists in abrasive conditions
Slow speed power hoists
High speed powered hoists
Manual chain hoists

38. BS EN 818-4 is the standard for grade 8 chain slings. The proof force required to be applied to
mechanically assembled slings by this standard is:
WLL + 200%
WLL + 100%
WLL + 50%
The sling does not require proof force testing but, if tested, the proof load is WLL + 150%

39. Mechanically assembled slings before being put into service must be:
Proof load tested
Thoroughly examined
Heat treated
Given a light load test

40. Chain slings manufactured with grade 10 offer higher WLL of between:
5%-10% higher than grade 8
10%-15% higher than grade 8
15%-20% higher than grade 8
25%-30% higher than grade 8

41. Due to friction a simple pulley suffers a loss of efficiency of between:

No loss of efficiency
3%-5%
8%-10%
12%-15%

42. A pulley block subjected to a Dynamic test in accordance with EN 13157 should be tested to:
1.1 times the rated capacity
1.2 times the rated capacity
1.5 times the rated capacity
2 times the rated capacity

43. Which of the following is a test to measure the hardness of steel?

Charpy test
Izod test
Ultra-sonic test
Brinell test

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44. Which of the following is a non-destructive test?
Izod test
Hardness test
Charpy test
Bend test

45. Radiography is a method of non-destructive testing using:

X-rays
High frequency sound waves
Magnetic flux
Liquid dye

46. Magnetic particle crack detection is used to identify:

Surface cracks and laminations
Impurities
Internal cracks and laminations
All three

47. Correct identification of the grade of chain is important to the tester and examiner as it tells him:
The material and the standard to which the chain was made
The mean stress at the specified minimum breaking force of the chain
The size of the material used
The mean stress at the working load limit of the chain

48. When grade 8 chain comes into contact with acids:

The chain is softened
The wearing properties of the chain are improved
The chain becomes subject to hydrogen embrittlement
The chain is known as annealed chain

49. What is the grade mark for short link chain for chain slings, formerly marked T?
60
6
80
8

50. Size for size an alloy steel chain grade marked T has a breaking load:
The same as grade M
50% greater than grade M
Twice that of grade M
2.5 times that of grade M

51. Fine tolerance chain is subjected to a finishing process which involves:

Polishing it to make it smooth so that it will easily engage in the pockets of load wheels
Pickling it in acid to remove oxides formed during working
Placing each link in a die and stamping it to size
Applying a tensile force to pull it to size

52. The maximum allowable wear in the link of a steel chain sling starting a further period of service is:
5% of diameter
No wear permitted at all
12½% of diameter
8% of diameter

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53. The proof force applied by the manufacturer of grade 8 chain to BS EN 818-2 should be:
4 x the WLL of the chain
1.5 x the WLL of the chain
2.5 x the WLL of the chain
3 x the WLL of the chain

54. The use of links rather than rings on chain slings is preferred because :
They are cheaper to produce
They are much stronger than rings
They fit larger crane hooks and will not turn in service
They have more surface area on which the marking can be stamped

55. The maximum amount of elongation due to wear allowed on a chain sling:
No elongation permitted
2%
3%
5%

56. For use in choke hitch the SWL of a chain sling should be reduced to:
0.8 x SWL marked
0.75 x SWL marked
0.5 x SWL marked
No reduction required

57. If the construction of a steel wire rope is 6x19, this tells us:
What the tensile strength is
There are 19 strands each with 6 wires
There are 6 strands each with 19 wires
The safety factor of the rope

58. If the twist of the wires is in the same direction as the twist of the strand, the wire rope is:
Pre-formed
Ordinary lay
Equal lay
Lang’s lay

59. What is the recommended maximum number of visible broken wires allowed on the rope of a lifting
machine
Only 1 broken wire in any length of rope equal to 10 times the diameter
Only 1 broken wire in each strand of rope in any length equal to 10 times the diameter
5% of the wires in any length of rope equal to 10 times the rope diameter
10% of the wires in any length of rope equal to 10 times the diameter

60. In any length equal to 10 times the diameter of a 6x36 wire rope the maximum number of visible
broken wires will be:
1
5
6
10

61. The standard covering wire rope slings for general lifting services is:
BS EN 818-4
BS EN 13414-1

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 BS EN 1492-1
BS 302

62. A wire rope made endless by running in a single strand six times around a core is known as:
A wire rope grommet
A Flemish eye
A cable-laid grommet
A two part loop

63. Ferrule secured eyes are made by looping the wire rope and then:
Tucking the tail strands back into the standing part of the rope
Passing a metal sleeve over the standing part of the rope and tail and then compressing it
Passing a bulldog grip over the standing part of the rope and tail and then tightening the bolts
Passing a metal sleeve over the standing part of the rope and tail and then heating it

64. The minimum factor of safety of a steel wire rope sling to EN 13414-1 is:
3:1
4:1
5:1
6:1

65. The proof load of a wire rope sling having eyes secured by a cross tuck splice is:
1¼ x SWL
2 x SWL
5 x SWL
No legal requirement for testing

66. Which of the following methods of splicing should NOT be used on a wire rope that is liable to rotate?
Talurit
Liverpool splice
Five tuck splice
Mari-splice

67. Wire ropes on a lifting machine should be re-lubricated in use:

With special acid free lubricants
Never
With any type of oil or grease
With paraffin oil

68. What proof load should you apply to an endless sisal rope sling?
SWL + 50%
SWL + 100%
SWL + 25%
Nil

69. A natural fibre rope sling should be handspliced with:

The tucks with the lay of the rope
The tucks against the lay of the rope
First with the lay then against the lay of the rope
Natural fibre ropes cannot be used to make slings

70. Mildew on natural fibre ropes:

Has no lasting effects and can be washed off with warm water
Weakens the rope as it lives on the cellulose
Is killed by strong sunlight

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 Will not grow on natural fibre ropes

71. A polypropylene rope when wet:

Is unaffected by water, retaining its full strength
Looses approximately 10% of its strength
Actually shows a slight increase in strength
Softens the fibres

72. The mode factor for using a general purpose BS EN 1492-1 webbing sling in basket hitch at 0° to
o
45 to the vertical is:
0.8
1
1.4
2

73. The effect of exposing man made fibre ropes to strong sunlight is:
No effect
No effect other than bleaching the colour out
Softens the rope
Degrades the rope

74. The effect of exposing a polyester webbing sling to a temperature of 200°C is:
No effect
Tightens the weave
Make the sling stronger
Make the sling weaker

75. The minimum factor of safety for a flat woven webbing sling to BS EN 1492-1 is:
2:1
3:1
5:1
7:1

76. Man-made fibres have selective resistance to chemical attack. A textile sling made from polyester is
suitable for use in contact with:
Mild acid solutions
Mild alkali solutions
Both mild acid and mild alkali solutions
Most tars, paints and solvents

77. In a Roundsling the load should be carried by:

The outer cover
The core
Shared between the cover and the core

78. The line of force may be applied in a BS 4278 dynamo eyebolt:

At any angle
In axial alignment only
At 45° maximum to the axis
At 15° maximum to the axis

79. When using a 2-leg sling with hooks connected directly to eyebolts which type of eyebolt should you
use?
BS collared eyebolt
Long shank Dynamo eyebolt

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 Dynamo eyebolt
BS eyebolt with link

80. When used as one of a pair the line of force may be applied in a BS 4278 collared eyebolt:
At any angle
In axial alignment only
At 45° maximum to the axis
At 60° maximum to the axis

81. The manufacturers proof load applied to a BS 4278 eyebolt should be:
100% in excess of the WLL
50% in excess of the WLL
Three times the WLL
Four times the WLL

82. When proof testing a BS 4278 eyebolt, the allowable permanent set is:
¼ of 1%
½ of 1%
1%
None allowed

83. An eyebolt with link to BS 4278 can be used at the load stated up to a specified angle from the axis of
the shank. The specified angle is:
10° maximum
15° maximum
20° maximum
25° maximum

84. Which thread form is NOT permitted on eyebolts to BS 4278 table 1?

BSF
UNC
Whit
Metric

85. What is the smallest diameter thread recommended by BS 4278 for lifting purposes?
8 mm
10 mm
12 mm
14 mm

86. Hooks are designed so that, should they be overloaded the hook will:
Keep its shape because of safety factor
Open quickly and transfer maximum stress to the saddle of the hook
Close slowly and prevent the sling from releasing
Open slowly and transfer the point of maximum stress to a larger section

87. In a correctly loaded hook, the maximum tensile stress occurs at the point shown in the illustration as:
a
b
c
d

88. Trapezoidal section hooks owe much of their strength to the fact that:
They are made in higher tensile steel

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 The section presents the largest part of its sectional area at the intrados
The section presents the largest part of its sectional area at the load bearing point
The cross section is smooth and easy to handle

89. When examining some sling hooks you find that they do not have safety catches fitted, you should:
Have the hooks scrapped
Draw the requirements of LOLER to the user’s attention
Do nothing
Fit new safety catches yourself

90. Shackles are designed so that the strength of the body and pin are approximately equal, to achieve
this:
The pin is made with a higher grade of steel than the body
The pin is made with a lower grade of steel than the body
The pin is made larger in diameter than the body
The pin is of equal diameter to that of the body

91. EN 13889 requires that each shackle pin of less than 13mm are marked with:
Either the grade mark or the traceability code
The WLL
Shackle pins do not have to be marked
The grade mark and the traceability code must be marked on the pin

92. The nut on a safety pin shackle should close:

On the shackle
On the last thread of the pin
Either on the shackle or the last thread of the pin
Both on the shackle and the last thread of the pin

93. The design of shackles assumed the pin was subject to:
An evenly distributed load
A point load at one end of the pin
A centre point load
A load acting over half the length of the pin

94. A shackle pin, when properly fitted is in:

Single shear
Double shear
Triple shear
No shear at all

95. To connect two single leg slings to make a two leg assembly the most suitable shackle type is:
A bow shackle
A large dee shackle
A small dee shackle
A grab shackle

96. Notches and sharp indentations cause:

Grain growth
Raised stress
Surface hardening
Carbon migration

97. When marking information on lifting equipment with a material diameter of 16mm:
A stamp of 2.5mm should be used

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 A stamp of 3mm should be used
A stamp of 4.5mm should be used
A stamp of 6mm should be used

98. Chain to BS EN 818-2 has quality markings at every:

10th link or at intervals of 2m apart whichever is the lesser
20th link or at intervals of 1m apart whichever is the lesser
Every 2 metres
On end links only

99. When fitting wire rope grips to form an eye termination you must:
Ensure the U-bolt fits onto the live end of the rope
Ensure the saddle fits on to the dead end of the rope
Ensure the U-bolt fits onto the dead end of the rope
Wire rope grips are designed to be safely fitted anyway

100. When can slings made with wire rope grips be used in lifting applications?
Can be used to make eyes in temporary slings
Are acceptable for use on irregular lifts
Should not be used for lifting applications
Must only be used with crane applications

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