GENDER AND

REPRODUCTION
presented by:Group 1
 WHAT IS IT?
Gender reproduction is a complex topic that involves the study
of sex identity, gender identity, and sexuality. It examines
how these identities are formed, how they relate to each
other, and how they are expressed in society.
The term "gender reproduction" can also refer to how
gender norms and roles are perpetuated or reproduced
within a society.
 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

-A state of complete physical, mental and social well

being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
in all matters relating to reproductive system and to its
processes and functions at all stages of life.
 GENDER IDENTITY
Gender refers to the social, cultural, and
psychological characteristics associated with being
male, female, or non-binary. Gender identity is an
individual's deeply held sense of their own gender,
which may or may not align with the sex assigned to
them at birth.
 REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the biological process by which living
organisms produce offspring. In humans, reproduction
involves sexual reproduction, where a sperm from a
male fertilizes an egg from a female, leading to
pregnancy and the birth of a child.
 BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
Biological differences between males and females are related
to reproduction. Females have reproductive organs such as
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina, while males have
reproductive organs such as testes, epididymis, vas deferens,
and penis. These organs play a role in the production and
transport of gametes (sperm and eggs) necessary for
reproduction.
 HORMONAL INFLUENCE
Hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone in
females and testosterone in males, play a crucial role
in reproductive processes. These hormones regulate
the development and functioning of reproductive
organs, the menstrual cycle in females, and the
production of sperm in males.
 MENSTRUATION
Menstruation is a natural process that occurs in
females of reproductive age. It involves the
shedding of the uterine lining, which is accompanied
by hormonal changes. Menstruation is a part of the
reproductive cycle and is necessary for the potential
of pregnancy.
 PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
Pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants itself
in the uterus and develops into a fetus. It is a unique
experience exclusive to individuals with a uterus.
Pregnancy typically lasts around nine months and
culminates in childbirth, where the baby is delivered
through the vagina or via cesarean section.
 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Reproductive health encompasses the physical, mental,
and social well-being related to reproductive
processes. It includes aspects such as access to
contraception, family planning, prenatal care, safe
childbirth, and prevention and treatment of
reproductive health issues.
 GENDER AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS

Gender norms and societal expectations can influence

reproductive rights and choices. Ensuring reproductive
rights means providing individuals with the autonomy to
make decisions about their reproductive health,
including contraception, family planning, and access to
safe and legal abortion services.
 REMEMBER THIS:

It is important to note that gender and reproduction

are complex and diverse topics that vary across cultures
and societies. Understanding and respecting individual
experiences and choices related to gender and
reproduction are essential for promoting inclusive and
equitable healthcare and societal support.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
gender-fair
language

GROUP TWO
 GENDER FAIR LANGUAGE

- also known as gender-inclusive language or

non-sexist language, refers to using language
that is sensitive to and inclusive of all genders.

- promotes inclusivity, respect, and equality by

acknowledging and affirming people of all
genders.
 HERE ARE SOME PRINCIPLES AND
EXAMPLES:
1. Avoiding gender-specific pronouns: Instead of using "he" or
"she," use gender-neutral pronouns like "they" or rephrase
sentences to avoid pronouns altogether.
Example: Instead of "Each student must bring his textbook,"
you can say "Each student must bring their textbook."

2. Using gender-neutral terms: Choose words that are inclusive of

all genders rather than ones that assume a specific gender.
Example: Instead of "businessman," use
"businessperson" or "entrepreneur."
Gender fair language is important for
several reasons:

• INCLUSIVITY: Using gender fair language ensures that all genders are
included and represented, thus promoting inclusivity and equality.
• RESPECT: It shows respect for individuals by acknowledging and
valuing their identity regardless of gender.
• AVOIDING STEREOTYPES: Gender fair language helps to break down
gender stereotypes and biases by avoiding assumptions based on
gender.
• PROMOTING DIVERSITY: It supports diversity by recognizing and
affirming the existence of non-binary and gender non-conforming
individuals.
 LANGUAGE AND
GENDER RELATION
 LANGUAGE
• Is a potent tool for how humans understand and
participate in the world

• language defines men and women differently as seen in

common adjectives associated with these genders
 Violations of Gender-fair
Language

Sexiest language is a tool that reinforces unequal gender

relations through:

• Sex-roles
stereotypes
• Microaggressions
• Sexual harassment
INVISIVILIZATION OF WOMEN
1. The generic use of masculine pronouns or the use of a
masculine general.

The use of the word "mankind" assumes

that men are representative of all
people on this planet.

EXAMPLE: Saying "guys" when

referring to a mixed-gender
INVISIVILIZATION OF WOMEN
2. The assumption that certain functions or jobs are
performed by men instead of both genders
INVISIVILIZATION OF WOMEN
3.
The use of male job titles or terms ending in man to
refer to functions that may be given to both genders

• BUSINESSMAN
• POLICEMAN
• CHAIRMAN
TRIVIALIZATION OF WOMEN

Is a potent tool for how humans

1.
understand and participate in the world

2. the perception of women as immature

3. the objectification, or likening to objects,

of women
Fostering unequal gender
relations

The use of “man and wife”

assumes that men are still men
and women's identities are
subsumed.
Gender polarization of words in
use of adjectives

Gender polarization states that societies tend to define

femininity and masculinity as polar opposite genders, such that
male-acceptable behaviors and attitudes are not seen as
appropriate for women, and vice versa.
Hidden assumption

Hidden asumption un sentences can also be forms

of microaggression if the underlying perceptions are
sexist and degrading.
PHILIPPINE
CULTURE
AND
LANGUAGE
Filipino or Tagalog is mainly gender-neutral,
without gendered characteristics or titles for men
and women

Words that are gendered came fron another

culture, which adopted after 400 years of
colonization
The values and the shaping of the education
system were influenced by western powers and
ideals.

Filipino portray a mix of identities, an infusion of

both native and foreign perspectives and values.
SEXIST LANGUAGE
AND
CULTURE
SEXIST LANGUAGE

refers to words and phrases that demean,

ignore, or stereotype members of either sex or
that needlessly call attention to gender.

Sexism in language affects consciousness,

perception of reality, ecoding and tranmitting
cultural meaning and socialization.
Sexist Language can take
in several forms:
A pronoun that denotes a single sex when the
information being conveyed pertains equally to either
or both sexes

A job title that links to a single sex when either sex

can perform the job

A single sex pronoun in conjunction with a neutral job

title, so that the implication is that the job " belongs"
to a single sex
TOWARDS A GENDER-
FAIR
LANGUAGE
THE GENDER FAIR-LANGUAGE

The gender-fair language was made with the

intention of reducing or avoiding gender
stereotyping and discrimination.

Journalistic writing should treat/write males

and females equally with gender neutral
language/pronouns
INSTEAD OF THIS CONSIDER THIS...

ANCHORMAN ANCHOR

BUSINESSMAN BUSINESSPERSON

POLICEMAN POLICE OFFICER

FIREMAN FIRE FIGHTER

CHAIRMAN CHAIRPERSON

CAMERAMAN CAMERA OPERATOR

 President of the GABRIELA
(General Assembly Binding Women
for Reforms, Integrity, Equality,
Leadership, and Action) party-list.
(August 2016-2018)
LIZA
MAZA
was member of the house of
representatives

banning sexist language in

officail communications and
documents of the house of
representatives
The use of gender-
fair language in
education
These step people took
institutions and the
will ensure that
removal of the
gender-fair language
sexist language is
is more than a
currently being
collection of words but
advocated.
a change in the sexist
world we live in where
women are treated as
eqauls with men.
GENDER
AND
MEDIA
WHAT IS MEDIA?
In the recent times, the influence of
media on society has expanded
exponentially and into ever diversified
forms. Media has the potential to play an
active part in shaping and framing our
perception of the world. It consists of
various means by which information
reaches large numbers of people such as
television, newspapers, magazines, radio,
billboards and the Internet.
 SO WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

Media is widely regarded as influencing how people

perceive the world around them through the images and
messages it produces. Gender scholars argue that the
media is complicit in promoting a gendered society by
reinforcing hegemonic messages that inform societal
understandings of what it means to be a woman and a
man.
 GENDER AND MEDIA

It refers to the relationship between media and gender, and how

representations of the different genders are created for by the
mass media.
 PURPOSE
• The media in gender serves to portray various gender-related issues and identities,
shaping public perceptions and beliefs. It can be a tool for advocacy, raising
awareness on gender equality and diverse expressions, challenging traditional roles,
and promoting acceptance.
•
• Media significantly influences our perception and understanding of gender roles,
identities, and relationships. It can shape attitudes, social norms, and expectations,
either promoting or hindering gender equality. Media’s impact includes
representation, influencing self-image and self-esteem, social change, education, and
overall gender equality progress.
Advantages:
Social media opened the door to a “new economy”, social media entrepreneurship.
Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and other online platforms are blooming, and
influencers, who are mainly women, are gaining money from video creation,
sponsorships etc.

Disadvantages:
Sexualization of women, in particular, is heavily centralized in mass media. When
these platforms hyper sexualize women, portray them in a lack of clothing, or depict
women as subordinate to men, a women’s self esteem, body image, and emotional
well-being may be negatively affected.
GENDER ROLES IN MEDIA
• In the world of media, men and women are portrayed according to the
constructed definition of femininity and masculinity. To be woman is to be
feminine and to be man is to be masculine. There is little room for variation
or a reversal of roles, except within the smaller frame of niche marketing.

• When women are portrayed, they often fall into stereotypes. These can be
stereotypical housewife characters who are dependent and focus on
appearance, or the hypersexualized “femme fatale.” Men, on the other hand,
are typically shown as powerful, aggressive, and action-oriented
 OBJECTIFICATION OF GENDER IN
MEDIA
Objectification occurs when people are viewed as objects existing solely for the pleasure of the
viewer, rather than as agents capable of action. The person being objectified often is reduced to
body parts: breast, genitalia, muscles, curves, buttocks, and hair. They are no longer human but
commodified turned into a market commodity like other inanimate products, free to be brought and
fondled (even if only by others eyes).

Male Gaze: This theory suggests that media portrays women primarily from a heterosexual male
perspective, focusing on their physical attributes for male pleasure.

Sexualization: The act of imbuing something with sexual connotations, often used to make something
more appealing, particularly when it comes to the female form.
Commodification: The act of treating something, in this case, the female body, as a product to
be bought or sold.
Spectacle: The use of visual elements to create a scene or display that is intended to attract
attention, often at the expense of deeper meaning. The female body can be used as a spectacle to
grab attention, often unrelated to the content.
“Although media images are not real, they have
real effects on how people perceive sex and
gender”( DeFrancisco, 2014).

They also affect children and young adults. It is

already difficult for them to figure out who they are
and their place in this world, but with the pressure
of media, it makes it impossible. That is why a large
portion of young adults suffer from an eating
disorder, when a lot of them are probably normal
and healthy to begin with. Most ads don’t promote
healthy women and they should. The textbook by
Sterlin says, “It’s well established that seeing images
of underweight women make normal or overweight
women feel bad about themselves.” which shouldn’t
be acceptable.
THANK YOU!
GROUP 4

FLORIN
SANIPA
FLORIDA
LAGULOS
AMARILLE
SUA