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    Measurements 1N

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    kyisinlinlett

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    Measurements 1N

    Uploaded by

    kyisinlinlett
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    Measurements-1N

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views5 pages

    Measurements 1N

    Uploaded by

    kyisinlinlett

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    MEASUREMENTS AND UNITS

    1.01 Numbers and units


    Physical quantity = number+ unit
    length = 10 m

    prefix meaning example


    G(giga) 109 1 GB = 109 B
    M(mega) 106 1 MW = 106 W
    k (kilo) 103 1 kg = 103 g
    d (deci) 10-1 1 dm = 10-1 m
    c (centi) 10-2 1 cm = 10-2 m
    m (milli) 10-3 1 mm = 10-3 m
    µ (micro) 10-6 1 µm = 10-6 m
    n (nano) 10-9 1 nm = 10-9 m

    1.2 International system of units


    Quantity SI unit
    Mass kilogram (kg)
    Time second (s)
    Length metre (m)
    Current ampere (A)
    Temperature kelvin (K)

    Mass
    Mass is a measure of the amount of substance in an object.
    SI unit = kg
    Other units = g, mg , µg
    The mass of an object can be measured by using a balance/scale.
    Time
    SI unit = s
    Other units = min, hr, day
    Time can be measured with stopclock, stopwatch, digital stopwatch.

    1.3 Measuring length and time


    Length
    SI unit = m
    Other units = km, cm, mm
    Measuring lengths
    For very small length micrometer 0.001 cm
    For short length metre rule 0.1 cm
    For long length tape measure 0.1 cm

    Measuring time
    With a stopwatch making accurate measurements of short time intervals are
    difficult because of the time it takes to react when you have to press the button.
    In a pendulum experiment this reaction time error can be reduced by
    measuring time for more swings rather than for one swing and take the average.
    1.4 Volume
    The quantity of space an object takes up.
    SI unit = cubic meter (m3)
    Other units = cm3, litre, ml
    1 litre = 1000 cm3 = 1000 ml
    1 cm3 = 1 ml
    1 m3 = 1000 l

    Measuring volume
    Liquid
    A volume of a liquid can be measured using a measuring cylinder.
    Eye level must be in line with bottom of the meniscus to avoid parallax error.

    Regular solid
    If an object has a regular shape the volume can be calculated.
    Volume of a rectangular block = length × width × height
    Irregular solid
    The solid can be lowered into a partly filled measuring cylinder. The rise in level
    on the volume scale gives the volume of the solid.

    If the solid floats, it can be weighed down with a lump of metal. The total volume
    is found. The volume of the metal is measured and then subtracted from the
    total.

    Displacement can
    A displacement can is used if the solid is too big for measuring cylinder.

    First the can is filled up to the level of the spout. Then the solid is slowly lowered
    into the water. The solid displaces its own volume of water which is collected in a
    beaker and emptied into a measuring cylinder.

    Density
    Mass per unit volume.
    mass
    density = volume
    m
    ρ= V

    SI unit = kg/m3
    Other unit = g/cm3
    1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

    1.5 Measuring density


    The mass of a solid can be measured using a balance.
    However, for a liquid, remember to allow for the mass of the container.

    1.6 Beam balance

    The balance is really comparing weights rather than masses.


    Weight is the downward pull of gravity.
    The beam balances when the downward pull on one pan is equal to the
    downward pull on the other.
    If the objects in the two pans have the same weight, they must have the same
    mass.

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