Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

Institute of Science and Technology
Cavite Campus
 Master of Arts in Education
Major in Administration and Supervision

Subject Code: CAS 103

Subject Description: CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Topic: Technology and Curriculum Delivery
Professor: Dr. Gregoria Mathis
Student Name: May V. Canciller

I. OBJECTIVES

a. Define technology and curriculum

b. State how technology and curriculum take place
c. Explain the roles of technology in the curriculum delivery

II. INTRODUCTION
Technology and Curriculum Delivery

As the world shifts towards a global knowledge economy, education is the

gateway through which this is set to be achieved, the quality of higher education, is
assessed through the backdrop of technology integration for enhanced performance
and achievement.

A suitable and sustainable technology should be used to electronically reach out

to many students, the general public with quality educational material, so as to address
the issues of access to education with equity and quality.

III. REPORT CONTENTS

Technology
 Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of
human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the
human environment.

Curriculum

The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a
school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as
the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in
schools. Depending on how broadly educators define or employ the
term, curriculum typically refers to the knowledge and skills students are expected to
learn, which includes the learning standards or learning objectives they are expected to
meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to
students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and readings used in a course;
and the tests, assessments, and other methods used to evaluate student learning.

Role of Technology in Higher Education Curriculum Development

For any educational institution, the curriculum is the roadmap for both teachers
and learners. Curriculum development is a crucial aspect of making a course valuable
to learners. It is the framework that provides the foundation to achieve a larger learning
goal through suitable teaching methods, learning strategies and instructional materials.
Curriculum development is vital for the selection and organization of appropriate
learning material and other activities, so that learners can acquire the core
competencies of a course. It helps teachers to choose their teaching approach and
helps learners to achieve their goals and objectives.
While creating the perfect curriculum for students, instructional designers and
educators also need to factor in the benefits of technology in the field of education.
Digital learning is the preferred mode of learning for today’s tech-savvy generation.
Therefore, higher education institutions are considering the incorporation of digital
technologies to make their curriculum more relatable and engaging.

Importance of curriculum development in education

1. Organized path to acquire knowledge
 The main purpose of the curriculum is to provide an achievable learning framework
that helps students to acquire knowledge. To make the wide spectrum of
knowledge acquirable and understandable for learners, educational institutions
have divided it into subjects and organized them in an engaging learning model.
2. Determining the structure of content
All subject matter needs to be represented in an acquirable form to the learners
according to their learning capability. The development of a curriculum helps in
determining the structure of the subject matter for a particular level of teaching.
3. Defining instructional methods
Curriculum development helps to determine a student-centric instructional method
that makes the subject interesting to the learners.
4. Development of knowledge, skill, and attitude
A curriculum provides the framework for developing knowledge and skills along
with enhancing creative ability.

Technology in Curriculum Development

Integration of technology in higher education has revolutionized the learning
process. Incorporating technology in the curriculum offers a dynamic as well as
collaborative learning experience to students. For the tech-savvy Gen Z students,
technology means not only quick access to a broad spectrum of knowledge, but also an
interesting way of learning.
The integration of technology such as digital learning platforms and interactive
multimedia is already improving classroom engagement and educational outcomes.
Implementing interactive learning features, quizzes, simulations, gamification, and so on
in an educational curriculum can improve the motivation, performance, and
achievements of learners.
Higher education institutions must focus on creating a need-based curriculum for
students, with the help of smart education apps and AI-based programs. Embedding
technology in the educational curriculum can help students learn in a better and
effective manner.

How to develop a curriculum for tech-savvy students

 In the present scenario, when textbooks are getting replaced by laptops or
tablets, and blackboards are giving way to smart boards, it has become essential to
reform the curriculum for tech-savvy students and develop a new curriculum that
embeds digital technologies. Many higher education institutions are collaborating with IT
and software organizations to develop smart learning apps and tools to integrate
technologies in their curriculum. The aim is to provide students instant access to a wide
spectrum of knowledge and various types of learning materials. Some of the changes
that higher education institutions can incorporate when it comes to developing a
curriculum for tech-savvy students are:
 Developing and providing eLearning content
 Developing learning videos and audio books
 Incorporation of online lectures and interactive lessons for flipped learning
 Leveraging simulation and gamification to make the learning process engaging
 Use of learning software for better understanding
 Use of course management software for better collaboration
 Implementation of online collaboration and broadcasting tools to make the courses
accessible from anywhere
 Adoption of cloud-based applications (such as – Learning management system) for
better learning experience
For online or hybrid higher education programs, it is essential to have all study
materials available online. Many institutions have already incorporated measures to
facilitate a digitized learning infrastructure, such as preparation of a course outline with
due dates, planning of assignments for evaluation of learners’ knowledge, creating
online quizzes and so on. In short, implementation of technology in the curriculum
needs the collaborative effort of all teaching facilitators, institutional heads, and
governing bodies. Some educational institutions are already using advanced
technologies to improve the student learning experience.
With a thoughtful and seamless integration of technology in the curriculum,
students will not only have a better learning experience, but the role of teachers will also
evolve. Effective technology integration in the learning process will change the
classroom dynamics. Today’s tech-savvy students are comfortable with smart campus
concepts, where they can freely interact with smart devices and accumulate knowledge
whenever and wherever they want. To facilitate this concept of active learning,
educators prepare online lectures and interactive lessons (Flipped Classrooms concept)
that students can access anytime.
Several higher education institutions are currently focusing on finding new ways
to incorporate technology into their coursework. Some are also providing laptops or
tablets and free internet connection on the campus to encourage learners.
Many technology enthusiasts believe that changes in the education system can
only go forward due to an incredible growth in the number of inventions that are
continuously changing the description of existing professions. In this regard, many
believe that abandoning traditional classroom education altogether is almost certain
soon, noting that traditional education will not be able to adequately prepare students
for the new challenges and demands of the real world.

However, sceptics often argue that we should be careful with the immediate
implementation of modern technologies in the classroom, primarily because of the
potential consequences, such as widening of an existing social gap, an increased
number of individuals who suffer from mental illness, and the regression of children’s
cognitive and academic development that may prove irreversible.

Considering the arguments of both sides, we will present a list of advantages and
disadvantages of technology in education below and explain how it impacts today’s
students.

Advantages of Technology in Education

Looking back over the last hundred years, introducing technology into the
classroom has been a blessing only for younger students and teachers. In other words,
with a sudden introduction of a wide range of devices and the Internet, students got the
opportunity to make the learning process much easier and more interesting. Key
benefits of technology in education include:

Provides a better interactive experience during the learning and teaching

process

With the introduction of mobile phones, tablets and computers, students are now
able to do something they should have been able to do long ago – to learn actively and
productively. For the first time, students can access a subject/teaching unit with
enthusiasm thanks to applications, videos, simulations, and digital books that make the
learning process much more engaging. Moreover, having the opportunity to dig deeper
into an area that interests them allows them to potentially recognize their interests and
talents, and maybe even their future profession.

Provides access to an unlimited amount of current information and data from a

variety of sources

In addition to the fact that students approach learning with more enthusiasm and
productivity, they also have the opportunity to access the most current topics and
research, which is something their ancestors could only dream about. Instead of going
from library to library, dragging a pile of books with them, they are just a few clicks and
well-defined queries away from accessing information that can give them additional
insight into the topics they are covering at school. So, this practice not only enables
students to have a modern education, but it also teaches them how to approach the
search for information and read complex professional literature.

Teaches them digital literacy

We all know that young people cannot acquire the level of skill demanded by
today’s corporate world in computer science classes. By implementing technology as an
integral part of education, students are given the opportunity to keep up with learning
trends and acquire technological/digital skills that are highly sought after in the 21st
century. This form of learning is most helpful for students who do not have access to
modern technology at home, which could also potentially reduce the social gap between
digitally literate and illiterate people.
Reduces educational costs
With the introduction of technology in education, resources have become more
accessible, which resulted in declining tuition fees, the need for books and their price,
as well as the reduced need for school supplies. The introduction of e-books has made
things easier for low-income families and helped students to approach learning on equal
terms with their peers, without parental pressure for high performance arising from large
investments into their child’s education.
 In addition, another positive side-effect of using e-books in education is the fact
that they indirectly contribute to the reduction of deforestation, which is one of the major
environmental problems.

Provides better insight into student performance thanks to metrics

In the past, teachers had to spend considerable time evaluating the overall
academic performance of each student, which proved to be very impractical, especially
in large classes with over 20 students. Unfortunately, many students never succeed in
correcting the wrong steps in learning that can help them improve their performance,
and potentially discover their talents of affinities.
However, with the introduction of digital technologies and the Internet in the
classrooms, a teachers’ job of analyzing student performance and providing guidelines
and advice has become much easier, which is a win-win situation both for teachers and
students. Specifically, thanks to platforms that collect data on student performance in
class, tests, and assignments, teachers have clear insight into the areas students
struggle with, or excel at. Moreover, teachers are now able to modify lessons based on
insights into the performance of individual students, or class.

They can choose between real-time learning or learning at their own pace

Technology in education has allowed students to gain control over their learning,
but it also provided flexibility to teachers in transferring knowledge to students. Namely,
this practice is only possible in schools that support hybrid (blended) learning, i.e. a
combination of synchronous real-time learning, and asynchronous learning where
students can listen to a lecture when they choose.
Listening to a teacher giving a lesson in real time provides students with a
stronger sense of belonging, and allows them to socialize with their peers, same
as face-to-face interaction with the teacher. On the other hand, more independent
students who are confident in their own time management and commitment
management skills can learn whenever they feel like it.
Disadvantages of Technology in Education

It is great to be optimistic and believe in the continuous advancement of

technology, however, it is equally important to not lose sight of the negative sides of
technology in education, and how it can cause long-term problems for young people.
Namely, many sceptics from the domain of social sciences and humanities often point
out several potential disadvantages of technology in education, and how it can
negatively affect certain aspects, and the quality of children’s life and development:

It is distracting both in the classroom and outside of it

Proponents of technology in education often forget that students continue to use

their mobile phones and tablets throughout the day, long after they’ve completed their
school activities. Namely, with the daily dosage of social media and video games,
children’s brains are accustomed to entertaining, intensive, and short-term content that
can quickly stimulate their dopamine system.

The biggest problem here is the fact that daily interaction with technological
devices reduces attention span, and research shows that the attention span of children
from Generation Z is about 8 seconds. Although teachers may have good intentions,
the use of applications that have nothing to do with the teaching process itself should be
restricted, and technology should be used in class only when absolutely necessary.

Potentially diminishes cognitive development and reduces problem-solving skills

Technology always has a good intention, to reduce the time and make it easier to
perform certain mechanical activities. However, technology has automated almost all
school activities. Why would a child need to learn the basics of math, when they can
use a calculator on their phone, or why would they need to learn spelling, when they
have auto correct software?

So, what was originally a positive intention has led to the situation that new
generations will be unable to perform everyday cognitive activities without technology.
In addition, it should be noted that when children use technology to solve every problem
at school, they gradually lose their problem-solving abilities, which is a highly sought-
after set of skills. The only solution to this problem is to have teachers and educational
institutions as a whole impose restrictions on the use of technology in education.

Reduces direct peer interaction

Although digital technologies have been shown to improve student advancement,

and project collaboration, they, however, disregard our biological need for interaction in
real time. Namely, we have lived as social beings for over tens of thousands of years,
and we now think that we can trick our genetic predisposition so easily.

Although young people interact with their parents, teachers and peers, the
percentage of adolescents with a diagnosis of some form of depression has been
growing, and has now reached a staggering 20%. The only solution that teachers and
educational institutions can offer is to encourage young people to engage in face-to-
face interaction with others.

Maintaining modern technology is very expensive

The cost of upgrading or maintaining technology is often overlooked. In a world where

new innovations in the field of digital technologies appear almost every month, and
where upgrading software and applications continuously requires more powerful
devices, relying on the belief that technology in education is the only solution sounds
overly confident.

Namely, teaching and learning can be done without technology, but the question is –
how useful the acquired specific skills will be after a few generations of technological
backwardness. So, to not regret the purchase of new technology, educational
institutions are obligated to estimate the actual long-term costs of that investment, and
how it will reflect on tuition fees that students and their parents need to pay.
It is easier to cheat in exams

A huge problem that teachers face is cheating on exams, and not having an insight into
student knowledge of a lesson. This is also the biggest problem with online tests,
because teachers often do not know if students have access to another device while
taking the test. This problem could have long-term consequences, primarily due to the
inability of educational institutions to guarantee that the student possesses the
knowledge needed for higher levels of education, or to do their job.
Reduced number of teachers due to automation and reduced salaries

With the introduction of technology in the curriculum, the role of the teacher as an
authority figure and mediator is slowly fading. It should be noted that automation in
education and the introduction of certain applications has led to a decrease in the
number of teachers in modern schools. However, the remaining teachers have even
more responsibilities than before, and their income is not increasing in proportion with
their responsibilities, so many have had to give up their job.

As we said earlier, describing the advantages of technology in education,

children have the opportunity to access a wide spectrum of information that makes
lessons more engaging, but the question is, how long does it take to prepare and
integrate that content into a meaningful whole? So, increased responsibilities mostly
refer to the preparations for class, the importance and complexity of which are
underestimated by many, primarily because it is not visible to parents.

The problem that needs to be addressed is that educational institutions should

stop approaching teachers as manual laborers, and the first step toward that goal is
increasing their salary and treating them with the respect they deserve, otherwise, we
will have unmotivated teachers who don’t care about transferring knowledge to their
students, and the consequence is a generation of individuals incapable of becoming
useful members of society.

5 Benefits of Technology in the Classroom

There are many benefits of technology in the classroom, so we’ve picked five of
the most significant for this handy list. From increased engagement to more inclusive
environments, the correct application of EdTech improves a wide range of learning
outcomes. And of course, using the latest tech helps prep students for the future in a
variety of ways.

Benefit #1: Makes Students More Engaged and Helps Them Retain Information

Pictures bored student nowadays because it is so common. It is entirely

unengaged activities for them. Nowadays, if you take some young learner or teen and
plug them into a tablet or other device, you may observe and watch the involvement in
the learning process that flight. The interactivity excites, drawing the learner in. Not only
do students feel motivated and energized by technology in the classroom, but they also
participate in active learning, a most worthy educational goal.

Benefit #2: Accommodates Multiple Learning Styles

It is tempting to use a one-size-fits-all approach with students. It’s faster and

easier, of course, but it’s not that effective. That is because students – like the rest of
society – are individuals. That is, they have different strengths and respond differently to
various teaching approaches. It is useful to break learning styles into three broad
categories and to see how technology can benefit each group:

 Auditory learners respond best to spoken rather than written words. For these
pupils, recorded lessons, audiobooks, and podcasts can effectively be woven
into lessons.
 Visual learners rely more on sight than sound, however. They read faster than
auditory learners and tend to pay more attention to details when reading. When it
comes to integrating technology into the classroom for these types of students,
ebooks and interactive whiteboards are good choices. In addition, PowerPoint
lessons with graphs and other visually-oriented materials such as videos are
beneficial.
 Tactile learners find active learning best, so teachers can encourage them to
use their sense of touch. This often presents a challenge for them and their
teachers. Especially in the past, traditional teaching was primarily thought of as a
one-way street. Under that model, students were forced to sit in seats for a long
time listening to the teacher or writing exercises. Tactile learners are more likely
to get bored and distracted under those conditions. Fortunately, this is where
technology shines as it is very hands-on. Allowing students to hold devices, click
on mice, and swipe screens is especially tactile. It helps these kinds of learners
by appealing to their sense of touch.
Benefit #3: Encourages Collaboration

Among the many advantages’ technology brings to the classroom is that it

promotes working together. Through the Internet, ideas and opinions can be shared just
as easily as files and images can be transported digitally.

Outside the classroom, students love to share their experiences on social media
such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat. So, it is only natural that bringing
technology into the classroom will lead to greater collaboration. Internet connectivity can
join students from one class, an entire school or country, or even other cities from
around the world.

Benefit #4: Provides Instant Feedback for Teachers

When teachers can communicate and monitor students through EdTech, they
obtain a lot of feedback. This information exchange can be a two-way, interactive
process. On the one hand, teachers may write assessments, or give audio or visual files
regarding student performances directly to them. On the other, students can discuss
questions or concerns directly with the teacher in a similar manner. They could even be
asked to respond to a poll in real-time. These are timely and quite efficient methods that
may also form a more permanent record for both students and teachers.

In other words, teachers and students can look at the content of these messages
at any time they want to refresh their memories. All in all, the feedback loop is enhanced
and sped up through the benefits of technology. This makes the process that much
meaningful and productive.

Benefit #5: Prepares Students for the Future

When it comes right down to it, the education system is all about preparing young
people for the rest of their lives. A big part of their future will be the work world.
Increasingly, this means being comfortable with new technology. Schools and
universities need to keep up to date with trends. In fact, a nation’s competitiveness
depends on having a population that is well informed and capable. Failing to incorporate
and benefit from the technology available would do students – and everyone – a terrible
disservice.

As the saying goes, “The future is now.” This has never been truer than it is
today. What’s more, it will be even more accurate tomorrow. If the classrooms of
tomorrow fail to keep pace with the forward march of technology, the future is destined
to be problematic. If, however, schools can rise to the challenge presented by the ever-
changing nature of technology, students will be able to discover their limitless potential
and take advantage of the many opportunities that have yet to present themselves.

The present scenario requires educational institutions to embrace technology to

make their curriculum engaging and beneficial for today’s tech-savvy students. To bring
about an effective reformation in curriculum designing, all concerned individuals,
including teachers, instructors, institution heads, and government authorities, should put
in efforts in a progressive way.

Since the needs of students change with time and advancements in technology,
gradual upgradation of the curriculum is essential. Technology integration is a vital step
to make the learning effective and collaborative, which in turn will make students future
ready. Different people have different opinions on the introduction of these changes in
the education system, especially if it’s done so suddenly and in such a short time.

So, a continuous insistence on disadvantages should not be seen as a desire to

return to traditional education, but as a reason for caution and the possibility to better
see the holes in the technologies and methods used in education. It is up to educational
institutions and teachers to analyze the disadvantages in the next revision, and improve
the quality of teaching both in the digital and physical classrooms.
IV. REFERENCES
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (1998, July 20). Technology |
Definition, Examples, Types, & Facts. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/technology

Advantages and disadvantages of technology in education,(2022.August 3)

https://www.allisonacademy.com/students/education/technology-in-
education/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-technology-in-education/

Role of Technology in Higher Education Curriculum. Hurix H.(2021,March

24) Developmenthttps://www.hurix.com/role-of-technology-in-higher-
education-curriculum-development/

5 Benefits of Technology in the Classroom (2022.November 10) Daniel D.

https://www.viewsonic.com/library/education/5-benefits-of-technology-in-the-
classroom/