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    Obligation Modals PP

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    zvonickovakatka

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Obligation Modals PP

    Uploaded by

    zvonickovakatka
    3 views7 pages

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    obligation modals PP

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views7 pages

    Obligation Modals PP

    Uploaded by

    zvonickovakatka

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    12.04.

    2023

    MODALS OF OBLIGATION

    must, have to, mustn‘t, needn‘t

    must

    needn‘t don‘t have to

    mustn‘t

    1
    12.04.2023

    COMPARE

    Imagine you are leaving a party saying:

    I must leave right now. I want to avoid my ex.


    vs
    I have to leave right now. The curfew begins at 9 p.m.

    What is your reason in each case?

    MUST

    Use “must” to give your own opinion, to say what YOU However, “must“ is often used in
    think is necessary, or to recommend sb. to do sth. written rules and instructions:
    • In order to get the job, you must send
    You cannot use “must” to talk about past obligation: the application letter by 18 May.
    à We had to leave early. • In the test, you must write your
    answers in ink.
    BUT It is not often used in questions.

    You can use “must” to express a personal opinion in the past:


    • I saw my ex holding hands with a woman. It must have been
    his/her new girlfriend.
    • I regret not going to the party. It must’ve been lit.
    (contraction used only in spoken English)

    2
    12.04.2023

    HAVE TO

    Use “have to” to say what someone is obliged to do.


    “Have got to” is informal and can be used
    Affirmative only with the present tense:
    • I’ve got to work now.
    • I have to wear glasses for reading. • When has Liz got to go?
    • Last week Tina had to go to hospital.
    Short form “gotta” is not standard English
    Negative
    • You gotta be kidding me.
    • Karen doesn‘t have to work Saturdays.
    • I didn‘t have to go on that business trip.
    Interrogative
    • What do you have to do to get a new driving licence?
    • Why did you have to leave early?

    NEED TO / NEEDN‘T

    • “Need to“ is very similar to “have to“.

    • It is used for something which is important for you to do and for something
    that is important one time, rather than referring to a responsibility or duty
    • She needs to go to Seattle next week.
    X She has to go to Seattle every week to attend business meetings.
    • Do you need to get up early tomorrow?
    X Do you have to get up early for work every day?

    3
    12.04.2023

    We have to wear school uniform.


    You mustn‘t talk in the exam.
    I mustn‘t be late.
    You must listen to me.
    We have to study maths at school.
    You don‘t have to write the answer.
    Jake must revise hard for his exams.

    HOW TO …

    … PASS AN EXAM
    You have to attend all your classes.

    You must review all your notes and materials.

    You should keep calm.

    You don’t have to / needn‘t get 100 %.

    You mustn‘t make a cheat-sheet.

    You shouldn‘t stay up too late the day before.

    4
    12.04.2023

    1. What is the main difference between “must” and “have to”?


    • must = opinion, have to = obligation
    2. What is the negative of “must/have to”?
    • needn‘t / not have to
    3. What modal verb is used to express prohibition?
    • must not = mustn‘t
    4. What modal verb is used to express past obligation?
    • had to
    5. When can you use “have got to” or “gotta”?
    • only in informal context and present tense

    1. We needn‘t go to work on Sunday so we can have breakfast in bed.


    2. Gary gave me a letter to post, I must remember to post it.
    3. I mustn‘t drink so much coffee. I can’t sleep at night.
    4. I have to/need to submit the essay tomorrow or I’ll be in trouble.
    5. They need to make more money if they want to go on a holiday to Barbados.
    6. Paula needn‘t hurry because Ben is going to give her a lift to the station.
    7. It’s later than I thought. I must go.
    8. There’s a lift in he building, so we don‘t have to climb the stairs.
    9. You mustn‘t tell anyone, it’s a secret.
    10. You must come and see us again soon.
    11. Steve doesn‘t have to wear a suit to work, but he usually does.
    12. We’ve got plenty of time, we needn‘t leave yet.

    10

    5
    12.04.2023

    PERFECT PEOPLE
    MUST X MUSTN‘T

    A good student must keep on top of his/her studies (= stay focused and organized).

    A good student mustn‘t be focused solely on marks, but on gaining new skills and
    knowledge for the future.

    11

    What is the opposite of the following sentences?

    I must go home now.


    à I needn‘t go home now.

    You have to go to the doctor.


    à You don‘t have to go to the doctor.

    We are allowed to stay out late.


    à We mustn‘t stay out late.

    It can‘t have been him you saw on the street.


    à It must have been him you saw on the street.

    12

    6
    12.04.2023

    FINISH THE SENTENCE


    M U S T X H A D TO

    1. I‘ve just heard Simon and Cara are getting married, so I must ring Sally and tell her.
    2. Unfortunately, my car didn‘t start yesterday, so I had to walk to my office.
    3. John had an important job to finish at the office last night, so he had to work late.
    4. Jamie forgot his front door key yesterday, so he had to stay with a friend.
    5. Alex‘s boyfriend broke up with her, so she must find a new one.
    6. Come on! Our train leaves in an hour. We must hurry.

    13

    1. Bill starts school at 8 a.m., so he has to catch the 7:30 train.


    2. You mustn’t forget what I told you. It’s very important.
    3. I broke my arm last week. – Did you have to go to hospital?
    4. You needn’t/don’t have to be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
    5. I must wake up early tomorrow. I have lots to do.
    6. I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.
    7. Steve didn’t know how to use the computer, so I had to show him.
    8. Whatever you do, you mustn’t touch that switch. It’s dangerous.
    9. We needn’t/don’t have to walk all the way home. We can get a taxi.
    10.I need to spend more time with my children because I've been so busy lately.
    11.He was devastated after the break-up. It must have been real love.

    14

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