Stormwater Conduit CCTV Inspection Specification

CITY OF CAPE TOWN
Roads and Stormwater Department

Catchment, Stormwater and River
Management Branch
STORMWATER CONDUIT
CCTV INSPECTION
SPECIFICATION
30 June 2007
Vela VKE Report C1050-W-I[REPORT]-003
PO Box 8022, Roggebaai, 8012

65 Riebeek Street, Cape Town, 8001
Tel: +27 (021) 417-2900
Fax: +27 (021) 417-2999
Email: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
This document is a result of a project to develop a stormwater inspection manual. This document is
the main objective of the project, a technical specification for CCTV inspection that can be used in
tender and contract documents and covers works descriptions, project specifications, health and
safety, reporting standards, quality control and measurement and payment.
The project also produced a document entitled Stormwater Conduit Condition Assessment Strategy,
which describes the overall condition assessment strategy within which the conduit inspection exercise
fits. This assessment strategy must be defined and understood for the asset management of the
infrastructure to be implemented successfully in terms of the Asset Management Plan. This document
covers the scope and extent of assessment and inspections, the CCTV inspection survey and other
necessary investigations, defect classification and scoring, conduit condition grading and analysis,
leading to a conduit rehabilitation plan.
This specification has been prepared to be accommodated in a standard City of Cape Town civil
engineering contract document, which is based on the Construction Industry Development Board
(CIDB) Standardized Construction Procurement Documents for Engineering and Construction Works
with SANS 1200 Standardized Specification for Civil Engineering Construction Works Specifications.
This document comprises the following parts:
Particular Specification - CCTV Inspection of Conduits Pages 1 - 20

This section comprises the standard specification.
Particular Specification - Project Specifications - CCTV Inspection of Conduits Pages 21 - 28

This section comprises the project specification that supplements
the standard specification.
This document may not be copied or reproduced in any manner without the express
written consent of the Catchment, Stormwater and River Management Branch
of the Roads and Stormwater Department of the City of Cape Town
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Particular Specification............................................................................................................................1
1. .........SCOPE.......................................................................................................................................1
2. .........DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................1
2.1 .......Definitions...................................................................................................................................1
2.2 .......Abbreviations..............................................................................................................................1
3. .........GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................1
4. .........EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL ..............................................................................................2
4.1 .......Camera and Transporter Combinations.....................................................................................2
4.1.1 Cameras General ..........................................................................................................2
4.1.2 Fixed Cameras ..............................................................................................................2
4.1.3 Pan and Rotate Cameras ..............................................................................................2
4.1.4 Illumination Equipment ..................................................................................................2
4.1.5 Camera Transporters ....................................................................................................2
4.1.6 Self Propelled Tractor Transporters ..............................................................................3
4.1.7 Skid Transporters ..........................................................................................................3
4.1.8 Pontoon/Float ................................................................................................................3
4.1.9 Push Rod Camera Systems ..........................................................................................3
4.1.10 Laser Light Ring Equipment ..........................................................................................3
4.1.11 Sidescan Camera Systems ...........................................................................................3
4.2 .......Cable and Line Systems ............................................................................................................3
4.3 .......Pipe Plugs ..................................................................................................................................3
4.4 .......Metreage Measuring Device ......................................................................................................3
4.5 .......Survey Vehicle............................................................................................................................4
4.6 .......GPS Receiver.............................................................................................................................4
4.7 .......Ancillary Equipment....................................................................................................................4
4.8 .......CCTV Inspection Operators .......................................................................................................4
5. .........PICTURE QUALITY ...................................................................................................................4
5.1 .......Test Chart ..................................................................................................................................5
5.2 .......Picture Testing ...........................................................................................................................5
5.3 .......Picture Specification...................................................................................................................5
5.3.1 Shades of Grey..............................................................................................................5
5.3.2 Colour ............................................................................................................................5
5.3.3 Linearity .........................................................................................................................5
5.3.4 Resolution......................................................................................................................5
5.3.5 Colour Contrasting.........................................................................................................5
5.4 .......Pipe Environment .......................................................................................................................5
6. .........SITE OPERATIONS FOR INSPECTIONS.................................................................................6
6.1 .......Planning .....................................................................................................................................6
6.2 .......Pre-Inspections and Cleaning ....................................................................................................6
6.3 .......Manholes - Access .....................................................................................................................6
6.4 .......Manholes - Inspections ..............................................................................................................7
6.5 .......Dealing with Flows .....................................................................................................................7
6.5.1 Allowable Depth of Flow ................................................................................................7
6.5.2 Plugging.........................................................................................................................7
6.5.3 Blockages and High Flows ............................................................................................7
Stormwater Conduit CCTV Inspection Specification
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6.5.4 Overpumping .................................................................................................................7

6.5.5 Forced Ventilation..........................................................................................................7
6.6 .......Recovering Equipment ...............................................................................................................7
6.7 .......Abandonment of Inspection .......................................................................................................8
6.8 .......Start of Inspection ......................................................................................................................8
6.8.1 Metreage Calibration .....................................................................................................8
6.8.2 Data Displayed and Recorded at Start of Inspection.....................................................8
6.9 .......During Inspection .......................................................................................................................9
6.9.1 General ..........................................................................................................................9
6.9.2 Camera Speed Limits ....................................................................................................9
6.9.3 Stopping at Defects and Features .................................................................................9
6.9.4 Other Stops..................................................................................................................10
6.9.5 Data Displayed and Recorded During Inspection........................................................10
6.10 .....Man-Entry Inspections..............................................................................................................10
7. .........REPORTING ............................................................................................................................10
7.1 .......Survey Report Deliverables......................................................................................................10
7.1.1 Site Coding Sheets ......................................................................................................11
7.1.2 Video Recordings ........................................................................................................12
7.1.3 Still Images ..................................................................................................................12
7.1.4 Pre-Inspection Reports ................................................................................................12
7.1.5 Conduit Inspection Reports .........................................................................................12
7.1.6 Manhole Inspection Reports ........................................................................................13
7.1.7 Coded Data in Electronic (XML) Format......................................................................13
7.1.8 Annotated Layout Plans...............................................................................................13
8. .........QUALITY CONTROL ...............................................................................................................13
8.1 .......Contractor’s Quality Control System ........................................................................................13
8.2 .......Initial Sample............................................................................................................................13
8.3 .......Initial Audit ................................................................................................................................13
8.4 .......Subsequent Audits ...................................................................................................................14
8.5 .......Accuracy of Reporting ..............................................................................................................14
8.6 .......Calculation of Accuracy............................................................................................................14
8.7 .......Unacceptable Inspections ........................................................................................................14
9. .........MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT ..........................................................................................15
9.1 .......GENERAL ................................................................................................................................15
9.1.1 Contract Establishment ...............................................................................................15
9.1.2 Accommodation of Traffic............................................................................................15
9.1.3 Safety...........................................................................................................................15
9.2 .......SETTING UP EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATORY WORK ....................................................15
9.2.1 Pre-Inspections of manholes and conduits..................................................................15
9.2.2 Unsuccessful search for manhole ...............................................................................15
9.2.3 Unsuccessful attempt to open manhole ......................................................................16
9.2.4 CCTV inspection set up at manholes in road reserves ...............................................16
9.2.5 CCTV inspection set up at manholes outside road reserves ......................................16
9.2.6 CCTV inspection set up at manholes not accessible by conventional two wheel drive
vehicles........................................................................................................................16
9.3 .......CCTV INSPECTION ................................................................................................................16
9.3.1 Inspect conduits...........................................................................................................16
9.3.2 Pan and Tilt Camera....................................................................................................17
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9.3.3 Laser Light Ring Inspection .........................................................................................17

9.3.4 Sidescan Camera Inspection.......................................................................................17
9.3.5 Non-circular conduits ...................................................................................................17
9.3.6 Brick Conduits .............................................................................................................17
9.3.7 Man-Entry Inspection...................................................................................................18
9.3.8 Work Outside Normal Working Hours.........................................................................18
9.3.9 Survey Reports ............................................................................................................18
9.3.10 Forced Ventilation........................................................................................................18
9.3.11 Overpumping ...............................................................................................................18
9.3.12 Inspect Manholes.........................................................................................................18
10. .......TYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES .............................................................................................19
Project Specifications ............................................................................................................................22

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Particular Specification
CCTV INSPECTION OF CONDUITS
1. SCOPE
This particular specification covers the inspection of conduits using closed-circuit television
(CCTV). The scope of this specification is intended to cover both stormwater and sewer
gravity services and conduits would include pipes, box culverts and brick culverts.
2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
2.1 Definitions
Survey means the operations necessary to perform all the CCTV camera inspections of the
conduits specified in the Description of the Works.
Manhole Length is the term that refers to the length of conduit between manholes
WRc Manual of Sewer Condition Classification refers to the WRc Manual of Sewer
Condition Classification Fourth Edition 2004
CCTV Inspection Operator means the person who controls the CCTV Inspection Camera
and performs the defect coding
2.2 Abbreviations
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
CoCT City of Cape Town
DVD Digital Video Disk
GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MSCC Manual of Sewer Condition Classification (WRc) (UK)
NTRIP Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol
ROM Read Only Memory
SANS South African National Standards
SARTSM South African Road Traffic Signs Manual
SRM Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual (WRc) (UK)
WRc WRc Plc (Public Limited Company) previously Water Research Centre (UK)
XML Extensible Markup Language
3. GENERAL
The CCTV Inspections will primarily be for :

Sampling surveys for condition assessments
Re-inspections for condition assessments.
Inspections to identify pipes to be rehabilitated.
Inspections for approval of new infrastructure
Emergency inspections

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4. EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL
The CCTV Inspection system shall comprise the following:
4.1 Camera and Transporter Combinations
The type of camera and transporter to be used shall be as specified in the Project
Specifications. The Project Specifications will state the sizes, types and shapes of conduits
to be inspected by each type of camera and transporter. The type(s) shall be one or more of
the following:
Fixed Camera
Pan and Rotate Camera (With or without zoom)
Self Propelled Tractor (Fixed direction or steerable)
Skid Transporter
Pontoon/Float
Push Rod Camera System
Laser Light Ring Equipment
Sidescan camera system
The camera and transporter system must be capable of transporting the camera in a stable
condition through the conduit being inspected in accordance with the specifications for
inspection below. They must be able to tolerate the environs within the conduit including 100%
humidity.
4.1.1 Cameras General
Cameras shall be capable of providing a colour picture quality in accordance with these
specifications.
The adjustment of focus and light sensitivity (iris) shall allow optimum picture quality to be
achieved and be remotely operated. The adjustment of focus and iris shall provide a focal
range from 150 mm in front of the camera lens to infinity. The distance along the conduit in
focus from the initial point of observation shall be a minimum of twice the vertical height of the
conduit.
4.1.2 Fixed Cameras
The camera must be fixed forward looking along the axis of the pipe. The camera shall be
equipped to produce an automatically upright picture.
4.1.3 Pan and Rotate Cameras
Pan and Rotate (Tilt) cameras shall be capable of tilt to 90° from the horizontal and a 360°
view. When in motion the camera must be fixed forward looking along the axis of the pipe.
The camera shall have a zoom facility if specified in the Project Specifications.
4.1.4 Illumination Equipment
The illumination shall be matched to the light sensitivity of the camera, such as to allow an
even distribution of the light around the conduit perimeter without the loss of contrast, flare out
of picture or shadowing, to allow conduit cracks, defects and features to be clearly visible. The
illumination in conjunction with the iris setting shall provide an adequate depth of field for the
size of conduits to be inspected. The lights shall be controlled remotely.
4.1.5 Camera Transporters
Camera transporters shall be able to position the camera centrally in the conduit’s cross
section. This is defined as the centre of a circular pipe. For an egg shaped conduit this is
defined as being on the vertical centreline and two thirds of the vertical height above the

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invert. A positioning tolerance of 10% of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the conduit
is allowed.
4.1.6 Self Propelled Tractor Transporters
The tractor must be self propelled and capable of travelling 200m through a conduit from an
access point. The tractor must be able to reverse under power. It is advisable that the camera
cable and connectors are strong enough to be used to manually recover the camera and
tractor.
The tractor must be fitted with a gradient measuring device. The equipment must be capable
of recording at least three gradient readings per metre. The software must be capable of
providing a gradient profile of the inspected conduit.
The tractor shall be steerable if specified in the Project Specifications.
4.1.7 Skid Transporters
Skid transporters of cameras must be capable of being pulled through 100 m of pipe both
ways with access at both ends.
4.1.8 Pontoon/Float
Floating transporters of cameras must be capable of being pulled through 200 m of pipe both
ways with access at both ends.
The pontoon or float must be stabilised to reduce the risk of capsizing, be unsinkable and be
in the shape of a hull.
4.1.9 Push Rod Camera Systems
This camera would only be used for inspections where self propelled tractors or skid
transporters would not be able to negotiate the pipe.
Push Rod Camera systems must be capable of travelling 60m into a conduit from an access
point.
4.1.10 Laser Light Ring Equipment
The light ring device shall produce a ring which is visible to its camera picture and be able to
measure the ovality of a pipe to ±1% or the cross-sectional dimensions of a conduit to ±1%.
4.1.11 Sidescan Camera Systems
Sidescan cameras and systems are available in South Africa that use a wide angle fish-eye
lens that captures a full 360° view of the pipe. The digital image can be unfolded to provide a
two dimensional longitudinal view. Inspections can take place at speed.
4.2 Cable and Line Systems
Sufficient guides and rollers shall be used to ensure all cables and lines are supported away
from pipe and manhole structures.
4.3 Pipe Plugs
Sufficient numbers of pipe plugs for flow control shall be provided for the range of conduit
shapes and sizes to be inspected.
4.4 Metreage Measuring Device
The CCTV Inspection equipment shall include a metreage measuring device. The device,
which is normally applied to the cable for measuring the camera metreage, shall be accurate
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to ±1% or 0,3m whichever is the greater. The equipment or its control must be able to be reset
to any input metreage.
4.5 Survey Vehicle
The Contractor shall provide a CCTV survey vehicle to be in attendance at each CCTV
Inspection undertaken. The vehicle must house the CCTV Inspection Operator and
equipment.
The vehicle shall be equipped with amber flashing lights, which shall be operated in
accordance with the National Road Traffic Regulations.
4.6 GPS Receiver
Where required in the Project Specifications the Contractor shall provide a GPS Receiver
capable of recording the position of the centre of each manhole cover to be opened during the
inspection survey. The coordinates are required to confirm the pipe sections that are being
surveyed. In addition the City may use the information in their Geographic Information System
(GIS).
4.7 Ancillary Equipment
The contractor shall provide all monitors, recorders, recording media, manuals, software,
power supply, lighting and any other equipment necessary to operate and control the CCTV
inspection to provide the Specified Survey Report deliverables.
The CCTV inspection shall be recorded directly to Hard Disk or DVD. Recording to magnetic
tape followed by dubbing to DVD is not acceptable.
The data displayed on the monitor should be able to be moved on the screen such that
observations are not obscured. It must also be possible to switch the data off for unrestricted
view of the conduit.
The camera system shall include equipment for measuring, displaying and recording the
gradient of the conduit.
4.8 CCTV Inspection Operators
The Contractor shall provide sufficient numbers of suitable skilled and trained CCTV
Inspection Operators, inspection team members and all the necessary equipment for the work
of this Contract.
The CCTV Inspection Operator who prepares the coding sheets shall have been trained in
and be fully conversant with picture interpretation, defect coding and classification according
to the WRc Manual of Sewer Condition Classification and using the Contractor’s software. All
CCTV Inspection Operators shall submit certification of such training to the Engineer prior to
the commencement of Survey.
The Contractor shall maintain on site a competent team leader in charge of the Survey at all
times and approved in writing by the Engineer prior to the commencement of the Survey.
The Engineer may require the Contractor to remove from the site any person employed by the
Contractor who, in the opinion of the Engineer, misconducts himself or is incompetent or
negligent in the performance of his duties or fails to conform to the safety requirements.
5. PICTURE QUALITY
The information that can be obtained from a CCTV inspection can only be as good as the
quality of image will allow. In particular it is important that the picture is not distorted, otherwise
any deformation of the conduit cannot be assessed, also the resolution of the image meets
the specification so that defects can be correctly identified.

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5.1 Test Chart
To ensure that the quality of the image is acceptable tests are carried out with a Marconi
Resolution Chart No 1 with a colour bar, clearly differentiating between colours with no tinting
to show white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue and black.
5.2 Picture Testing
At the start of the contract each camera shall be tested for acceptance. The Engineer may
require a camera to be retested to ensure continued compliance with the specification.
The camera shall be positioned centrally and at right angles to the Test Chart at a distance
where the full Test Chart just fills the monitor screen. The Chart shall be illuminated evenly
and uniformly without any reflection. A recording of thirty seconds duration shall be made on
the DVD to confirm the testing and demonstrate that the picture quality is in compliance.
5.3 Picture Specification
The camera, electronic systems and monitor shall be of such quality as to enable the following
to be achieved.
5.3.1 Shades of Grey
The grey scale shall show equal changes in brightness ranging from black to white with
a minimum of five clearly recognisable stages.
5.3.2 Colour
With the monitor control adjusted for correct saturation, the six colours including black
and white shall be clearly resolved with the primary and complementary colours in order
of decreasing luminance. The grey scale shall appear in contrasting shades of grey with
no tint.
5.3.3 Linearity
The background grid shall show squares of equal size, without convergence/divergence
over the whole of the picture. The centre circle shall appear round and have the correct
height/width relationship (±5%).
5.3.4 Resolution
With the monitor colour turned down, the live picture shall be clearly visible on the
monitor with no interference. The monitor shall be capable of registering a minimum of
250 lines.
5.3.5 Colour Contrasting
To ensure the camera provides similar results when used with its own illumination, the
lighting shall be fixed in intensity prior to starting the inspection. To ensure colour
constancy the illumination should not be varied during the inspection.
5.4 Pipe Environment
There must be a clear view for the pipes to be properly evaluated. Unacceptable conditions
might include:
Camera out of focus
Insufficient lighting
Fog or steam in conduit
Condensation or grease on lens
High flow level
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Debris or spider webs over lens

Camera not stationary for still pictures
Camera moving too fast through conduit
6. SITE OPERATIONS FOR INSPECTIONS
6.1 Planning
The Contractor shall prepare a schedule of each week’s planned inspections, giving locations,
dates and times. The schedule shall be submitted to the Engineer at least a week in advance,
to enable him to liaise with operators of the system.
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a follow up report giving details of inspections
completed with times and dates.
The Engineer will advise the Contractor of any works or operations on the system that may
affect his survey inspections, so that the Contractor can plan accordingly. The Contractor shall
notify the Engineer without delay should the execution of the Survey be frustrated or delayed
as a result of such works or operations.
If, due to high flows or traffic conditions, the Contractor anticipates requiring overpumping,
night or weekend working, he shall seek approval by the Engineer. Overpumping plans must
be approved by the Engineer.
6.2 Pre-Inspections and Cleaning
Where specified in the Project Specifications the Contractor shall perform Pre-Inspections to
determine what conduit cleaning is required. The Pre-Inspections shall take place early in the
contract to allow cleaning to be implemented timeously prior to the CCTV inspections. The
objective of the Pre-Inspections of the manholes and conduits is to determine if they are clean
enough to allow a proper and complete CCTV inspection and assessment. The contractor will
have to use strong lights (one million candle power) and mirrors to view into the conduit from
both ends. The Contactor shall make a report for each manhole inspected recording its depth
and any silt, debris, roots, cobwebs, deposits, fat that may obstruct the camera or obscure the
view of the conduit. The reports shall be submitted to the Engineer.
The cleaning of conduits is covered in the Project Specifications.
6.3 Manholes - Access
Once located and the measures have been put in place to handle traffic, the position of the
centre of the manhole cover shall be measured with the GPS Receiver and recorded.
The Contractor shall make all reasonable efforts to locate manholes. If the manhole appears
to be buried beneath an asphalted road surface the Contractor shall inform the Engineer who
will make arrangements to have the manhole found, built up and reinstated. If the manhole
appears to be buried in hand excavatable material, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer
and attempt to expose the manhole. The Contractor shall make all reasonable efforts to find
the manhole for a period of 15 minutes. If failure results he shall proceed to the next manhole
for inspection and notify the Engineer.
The Contractor shall make all reasonable efforts to gain access into the manhole for a period
of 15 minutes. If failure results he shall proceed to the next manhole for inspection and notify
the Engineer who will make arrangements to have the seized manhole cover opened.
If the cover is found to be damaged or is damaged in the course of the inspection, the
Engineer shall be immediately informed so that arrangements can be made to replace it.
Contractor shall clean the covers and frames and their mating surfaces before closing and
check that the site is left in a safe and satisfactory condition.

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6.4 Manholes - Inspections
Where it is a requirement of the Project Specifications the manhole through which the
camera enters the conduit shall be inspected. The inspection shall be in accordance with WRc
Manual of Sewer Condition Classification Part B Manholes and Inspection Chambers. The
manhole depth from cover to deepest invert shall be recorded. This specifies the condition
codes for defects and features to be recorded. The CCTV camera shall be used to provide
footage of each manhole showing any defects and features. Inspections of manholes, if
required, will be measured and paid for separately.
6.5 Dealing with Flows
6.5.1 Allowable Depth of Flow
The depth of flow, if any, allowed in the conduits through which the inspection may take place
is specified in the Project Specifications. If the maximum depth of water flow exceeds the
specified depths then the flow shall be lowered by plugging the line and/or overpumping the
flow or by rescheduling the CCTV inspection to a time when there is less flow.
6.5.2 Plugging
The Contractor shall be responsible for dealing with flows in the conduits as far as is
reasonable possible by using pipe plugs for limited periods without affecting the general
operation of the conduit. Such measures shall be implemented without causing any flooding or
pollution. Arrangements shall be subject to the Engineers approval.
6.5.3 Blockages and High Flows
Any blockages or temporary increases in flow shall be immediately reported to the Engineer
by the Contractor, who shall proceed to the next section of sewer that can be inspected. The
Engineer will arrange for the blockage to be cleared.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the flow is too great for the Contractor to deal with by
temporary plugging, the Engineer will arrange for overpumping, authorise night or weekend
working, or make alternative arrangements.
6.5.4 Overpumping
The Contractor shall plan and implement any overpumping instructed by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall determine from the existing flows the necessary pumping rates and shall
submit an overpumping plan with a sketch of the layout, the number and sizes of pumps and
the number, size and lengths of pumping mains to the Engineer for approval. The proposal
must include accommodation of traffic, noise suppression and the contact person on site
directly responsible for the overpumping operation. The Contractor shall be responsible for
any spillage, flooding or pollution resulting from the overpumping operation.
The detailed specifications and pay items for overpumping shall be included in the Project
Specifications.
6.5.5 Forced Ventilation
The Contractor may submit proposals to the Engineer for approval to use forced ventilation to
remove gasses and introduce fresh air into the system. This may also be required if hot
effluent causes misty conditions in the conduit.
6.6 Recovering Equipment
The Contractor shall be responsible for the recovery of his camera system and any other
inspection equipment from any conduit forming part of the Survey. If excavation is necessary
this shall be carried out with the approval of the Engineer.

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6.7 Abandonment of Inspection
Abandonment of the inspection of a length of conduit may be considered in the following

circumstances.
Conduit condition affecting picture quality
Contractor’s equipment at risk
Progress impeded
Manhole not located
Manhole inaccessible
Unsafe conditions
High flow, Blockage or silt in conduit
Unacceptable health and safety risk
Risk to structural integrity of manhole or conduit
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer, photograph the situation if possible, then inspect the
line from the opposite direction if appropriate or proceed with the next section that can be
inspected.
6.8 Start of Inspection
6.8.1 Metreage Calibration
The metreage measurement shall be from centre of manhole to centre of manhole. At the
start of the inspection, the metreage measurement must be calibrated such that the distance
is measured from the centre of the start manhole.
The camera cable shall be kept taut in front of the metreage measuring device to ensure the
metreage recorded and shown on the screen reflects the true position of the camera. The
camera cable shall not be coiled in front of the metreage measuring device, except for the first
metre or so of the inspection, prior to resetting the metreage.
At the start of the inspection, the camera is positioned in the centre of the manhole and the
metreage counter is set to zero. The camera must proceed and the recoding starts. The
camera must be stopped once it has entered the pipe far enough for the cable to be taut and
through all the guides and rollers. Any slack in the cable must be taken up to make it taut. A
measuring tape is then pushed up the invert of the conduit until its end just enters the view of
the camera, then the distance to the manhole centre is noted as the True Distance and the
metreage counter is reset to this True Distance before the camera proceeds further.
Then in theory, when the camera encounters a joint and the joint just fills the screen (and the
invert of the joint should then be touching the bottom of the screen) the metreage reading
should be the distance of the joint from the centre of the start manhole.
To ensure that the metreage of a defect is accurate, the defect should be recorded when the
defect is on an imaginary joint circle that just fills the screen. This also applies to pan and tilt
cameras, the defect must be recorded with the defect in view in front of the camera on the
imaginary joint circle. Then if necessary the camera can pull up to the defect and inspect the
defect using the pan and tilt and also take a still photo graph if required.
Where an inspection proceeds through a manhole the metreage reading shall be reset to zero
when viewing the centre of the manhole.
6.8.2 Data Displayed and Recorded at Start of Inspection
At the start of each manhole length being inspected, a Data Generator shall electronically
generate and clearly display on the viewing monitor and video recording, a continuous record
of data in an alpha numeric form containing the flowing minimum information:
Continuous display of date and time
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Road name and location

Service type (eg Stormwater, Sewer)
Manhole/Conduit Length Reference Number
Size and shape (eg 600 x 800 egg shaped)
Inspection direction (eg downstream/upstream)
Current metreage
Any other information specified in the Project Specifications.
The Manhole/Conduit Length Reference Number will be determined in accordance with the
Project Specifications.
The data must be displayed for between 5 and 10 seconds at the start of the each inspection.
The end of the pipe into the manhole must be visible at the start of the survey.
6.9 During Inspection
6.9.1 General
Conduits shall normally be inspected in a downstream direction. Upstream inspections may be

undertaken in the following circumstances:
Pipeline too long for inspection from one end only.
Upstream manhole missing or not found.
Obstructions prevent complete inspection from upstream manhole.
The camera shall proceed continuously through the conduit at a steady speed except at
features and defects it must be stopped. Pan & Tilt cameras shall not proceed unless the
camera has been reset to its default forward facing position.
6.9.2 Camera Speed Limits
The minimum and maximum camera speeds shall be as follows:

Conduit Size Camera Speed
smaller than 200 mm diameter 0,05 m/s to 0,10 m/s
200 mm to 300 mm diameter 0,05 m/s to 0,15 m/s
larger than 200 mm diameter or
0,10 m/s to 0,20 m/s
new or rehabilitated conduits
If the minimum speeds are consistently unachievable due to lack of traction or for any other
reason, the Contractor shall fit a tow line to the camera and pull it through the conduit, or take
other appropriate action.
6.9.3 Stopping at Defects and Features
When a defect or feature is detected the camera shall be stopped in a position where the
defect or feature can be clearly seen and the defect or feature recorded in accordance with its
classification code.
If a Pan & Tilt Camera is used the camera must first stop as above to record the defect or
feature with the camera facing forward. Then the camera shall pull up next to the defect, stop,
pan, tilt and view the defect in focus with the camera at rest. The pan and tilt shall be used to
view only the defects and features specified in the Project Specifications.
Where specified in the Project Specifications a Pan & Tilt Camera shall execute a 90° tilt
upwards to the vertical and a full 360° rotation at joints.

10
If required in the Project Specifications, a still image shall be captured of the defect or
feature whilst the camera is stopped.
6.9.4 Other Stops
If the camera is stopped for reasons other than defects or features, the recording should be
paused.
6.9.5 Data Displayed and Recorded During Inspection
Once the camera is underway, the Data Generator shall electronically generate, clearly display
and record the following data:
Current Metreage
Video time reference (h:mm:ss)
Manhole/Conduit Length Reference Number
Any other information specified in the Project Specifications.
The data displayed should be located on the screen such that observations are not obscured.
6.10 Man-Entry Inspections
Larger sizes of pipes and culverts can be inspected by personnel and photographic records
made using hand-held cameras. Although this method is attractive and a relatively easy way
to inspect larger conduits, around the world it is not favoured nowadays because of the
inherent safety concerns. Also steerable tractors can negotiate large conduits and the
standard inspection reports prepared in the normal way.
Any anticipated Man-Entry Surveys shall be indicated in the Project Specifications.
There may be cases where man-entry is the only option to inspect a conduit. These
inspections shall only take place with the approval of both the Engineer and the Employer. The
Contractor shall prepare a Work Plan for approval of the Engineer which adequately
addresses all safety concerns including the Occupational Health and Safety Act - General
Safety Regulations and in particular Regulation No. 5 – Work in Confined Spaces. A minimum
of two men is required in the conduit. The Contractor shall have a nominated person on the
surface to monitor the whole operation.
Manual inspections should be conducted in such a manner as to transmit the video signal to
the Survey Vehicle. In addition, direct voice communication between the in-pipe personnel and
the above ground supervisor and the CCTV Inspection Operator shall be maintained at all
times whilst men are underground. Camcorders should not be used.
Safety of the in-pipe inspection crew is of prime concern. Adequate ventilation should be
provided and this is normally in the range of two 200 m3 per minute or larger air movers. In
addition, both exhaust and blower type air movers should be available to provide push-pull
ventilation.
7. REPORTING
7.1 Survey Report Deliverables
The Survey Report shall include the following items:

Site Coding Sheets
Video Recordings
Still Images
Pre-Inspection Reports
Conduit Inspection Reports
Manhole Inspection Reports

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Coded Data in Electronic (XML) Format

Annotated Layout Plan
Any other deliverable specified in the Project Specifications.
The Project Specifications shall specify the number of copies of the Survey Report, and the
time period within which they are to be provided by the Contractor. If the Employer requires
separate Survey Reports for different sections it shall be stated in the Project Specifications.
If the Project Specifications requires manholes to be inspected the Survey Report shall
include the above deliverables that pertain to the manholes inspections.
The Engineer may request that some of the items of the Survey Report be supplied as the
Survey proceeds. The Contractor shall comply with reasonable requests for the supply of
certain items whilst the Survey is in progress.
The report shall be prepared and presented in accordance with the WRc Manual of Sewer
Condition Classification. A copy of this document shall be kept in the Survey Vehicle.
7.1.1 Site Coding Sheets
Site Coding Sheets shall be completed by CCTV Inspection Operator on site at the time of the
inspection. Post processing is not allowed unless specified in the Project Specifications.
Each Manhole Length shall be recorded in the format laid down in the WRc Manual of Sewer
Condition Classification.
Direct entry into a computer recording system using the coding method specified in the WRc
Manual of Sewer Condition Classification, shall be equivalent to the completion of site sheets.
Where a conduit length between consecutive manholes is surveyed from each end (due to an
obstruction) two coding sheets should be used.
Where it is not possible to survey a Manhole Length, a coding sheet shall be completed
including the header section of the coding form and all the codes for the start point of the
survey in the condition section of the form.
Coding shall be in accordance with the following sections of the WRc Manual of Sewer
Condition Classification:
Part A - Drains and Sewers
Section 2 - Coding Principles
Section 3 - Header Details of the
Section 4 - Condition Codes
With the following exceptions:
Section 2.1 Delete the last paragraph but one that reads “For surveys of domestic
drainage systems not more than 150mm in diameter a simplified set of
codes may be used (see Quick Reference cards).”
Section 2.2 The metreage measurement shall be from centre of manhole to centre of
manhole and not “the distance between exit and entry faces in
consecutive manholes”.
Section 2.6 The Quality Control Procedure is further specified in this specification.
Section 3 Fields 7, 13, 15 - Pipeline Length Reference - The Manhole/Conduit
Length Reference Number will be determined in accordance with the
Project Specifications.
Section 3 Field 34 - Expected Length - To refer to the length between manhole
centres.
Section 4 Surface Damage defect - Where a pipe is found to be corroding as a
result of hydrogen sulphide corrosion, the Engineer shall be informed as
pipe wall sampling may need to be undertaken to confirm the extent of the
corrosion.

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7.1.2 Video Recordings
Video recordings shall be provided on dual formatted DVD disks in a digital format.
The recordings shall be encoded to MPEG1, or MPEG2 format as follows:
PAL standard. Capture rate = 25 frames/sec
Resolution Bitrate 3 min Filesize

MPEG1 352 x 240 1,2 Mb/s 26 Mb
MPEG2 720 x 480 5 Mb/s 111 Mb
MPEG4 352 X 240 0,7 Mb/s 16 Mb
The DVD recordings shall be readable on DVD-ROM drives using Windows Media Player
software. On the DVD there shall be separate video files for each manhole length using the
following Naming Convention AAAAA_BBBBBBB_CCCCCC where:
AAAAA is the Inspection Survey Contract Number
BBBBBBB is the Manhole/Conduit length Reference Number
CCCCC is the date of the survey
The disks shall be written using +R or -R formats.
The disks shall be provided in standard plastic library cases. The cover insert should list the
survey areas included and the spine should show a unique DVD reference.
The DVD shall have recorded a list of the inspections included.
7.1.3 Still Images
Still images shall be captured as specified in the Project Specifications.
The still colour images shall be captured from the video recording in JPEG format.
Still images shall be captured only when the camera is stationary.
The digital image shall be referenced in the Site Coding Sheet.
Colour prints of still images required by the Engineer shall be printed A6 size (4 per A4 page)
each image with its reference.
7.1.4 Pre-Inspection Reports

If Pre-Inspections are required by the Project Specifications, an Inspection Report shall be
generated for each Manhole. The Inspection Reports shall record:
Manhole reference.
Manhole depth
A list of any silt, debris, roots, cobwebs, deposits, fat that may obstruct the camera or
obscure the view of the conduit.
7.1.5 Conduit Inspection Reports

An Inspection Report shall be generated for each Manhole Length. The Inspection Reports
shall have three components:
Header information at the top of the first page for each manhole length.
A graphic of the conduit running down the left side of the page showing manholes,
manhole depths, direction of flow, connections and all coded defects and features.
On the right of each defect or feature its:
Metreage

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Defect code
Description/Observations
Elapsed time
Still image reference
Condition grade
The Condition Grade of the of the defect or feature shall be in accordance
with the WRc Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual (2002) Volume 1 Appendix G
Computerised Condition Grading
7.1.6 Manhole Inspection Reports

If Manhole Inspections are required by the Project Specifications, an Inspection Report shall
be generated for each Manhole. The Inspection Reports shall record:
Header information at the top of the page for each manhole.

Manhole depth
A list of coded defects and features.
A list and graphic of the layout of the incoming and outgoing conduits.
Still images
7.1.7 Coded Data in Electronic (XML) Format

The coded CCTV data shall be supplied as a data file in an agreed Extensible Markup
Language (XML) format. A typical Schema and an example of the XML data transfer format
may be downloaded from the WRc website at www.wrcplc.co.uk/srm/mcdsci.htm.
7.1.8 Annotated Layout Plans

The Contractor shall supply one set of the Layout Plans annotated with inspection references
and any corrections found necessary during the survey. The Layout Plans, which may be
digital but must include a hardcopy, are a record of the extent of the survey, which conduits
were scheduled to be inspected and the conduits that were actually surveyed, plus any
corrections (eg additional or incorrectly positioned manholes). All references including
additional and corrections to be shown.
8. QUALITY CONTROL
8.1 Contractor’s Quality Control System
The Contractor shall have a Quality Control System. The system shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval prior to the commencement of the survey. The system shall effectively
gauge the accuracy and consistency of the Survey Report deliverables and also be in
accordance with the requirements of this specification. The system shall be operated by the
Contractor and the results submitted to the Engineer for acceptance. Although the Contractor
is expected to perform his own internal audits in accordance with his Quality Control System,
the Engineer will perform audits on at least 5% of the inspections.
8.2 Initial Sample
The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer’s approval, a sample video record and still
images for all cameras prior to their use. The sample video shall be of a complete inspection,
including using the Test Chart. The samples will be used to verify compliance with the
assessed picture quality. The Contractor shall also supply an Inspection Report.
8.3 Initial Audit
The Engineer shall perform an audit on the deliverables from the first Manhole Length
inspected by each CCTV Inspection Operator after its completion.

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The Engineer shall check this work as soon as possible and advise the Contractor of any
deficiencies. Items that may be checked may include:
Pipe cleanliness
Picture quality
Camera speed
Header information
Accuracy of defect and header recording
That the electronic data is able to be transferred to the client’s system
Such Initial Audits shall be performed whenever a new CCTV Inspection Operator
commences inspections on the contract.
8.4 Subsequent Audits
The Engineer shall perform ongoing audits on at least 5% of the inspections. The Engineer
shall select inspections at random for auditing. The results of each audit will be forwarded to
the Contractor.
8.5 Accuracy of Reporting
The system shall be such that the accuracy of reporting divided into Headers and Details,
shall be measured in two ways, namely:
Number of faults not recorded (omissions)
The correctness of the coding and classification of each fault recorded
The minimum levels of accuracy shall be 95% for Headers and 85% for Details.
8.6 Calculation of Accuracy
The accuracy of each inspection is determined from:

Accuracy = Number of entries - Number of errors or omissions x 100
Number of entries
8.7 Unacceptable Inspections
The Engineer shall then forward the results of any unacceptable CCTV Inspections to the
Contractor for rectification. The Contractor shall advise the Engineer on the steps he will take
to remedy the faults and improve quality in that regard. These measures are to be
implemented straight away. This may require the conduit to be re-inspected.
If the Engineer suspects other inspections may be unsatisfactory, the Engineer may require
the Contractor to submit adjacent or other inspections for auditing.
If auditing results are consistently unacceptable. The Engineer may require the Contractor to
review his internal work methods or checking processes or replace a CCTV Inspection
Operator.

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9. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
CCTV INSPECTION SURVEY
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 Contract Establishment
These General pay items should be covered by the standard pay items in the General Section
of the Standard Specifications (SANS 1200), but are included here for smaller emergency
contracts.
Pay Item Description Unit

CCTV1 General
CCTV1.1 Contract Establishment Sum
Lump Sum for establishment on site for the entire contract, including disestablishment at end
of the contract. The pay item shall include all items which are general to the project as a
whole. Such items shall include but are not limited to those specified.
9.1.2 Accommodation of Traffic
CCTV1.2 Accommodation of Traffic Sum
Lump Sum for complying with the requirements for the Accommodation of Traffic
specifications.
9.1.3 Safety
CCTV1.3 Safety Sum
Lump Sum for complying with the requirements of the Safety specifications.
9.2 SETTING UP EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATORY WORK
9.2.1 Pre-Inspections of manholes and conduits
CCTV2 Pre-Inspection No
Pay item for the Pre-Inspection of manholes and conduits using strong lights and mirrors to
determine the need for cleaning. The pay item shall be measured and paid per manhole and
shall include the inspection of all conduits that need to be inspected from within that manhole.
The rate includes for all costs incurred in inspecting the manhole and conduits including the
recording and the reporting of the findings to the Engineer.
9.2.2 Unsuccessful search for manhole
CCTV3 Unsuccessful search for manhole No
Pay item for searching for a manhole which is not found after 15 minutes and the search is
abandoned. The rate includes for all costs incurred in the search for the manhole. The costs
incurred in searching for manholes that are found is deemed to be included in the rates for
Pre-Inspections and CCTV inspection set up at manholes.

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9.2.3 Unsuccessful attempt to open manhole
CCTV4 Seized manhole cover No
Pay item for attempting to gain access to a manhole which is unsuccessful after 15 minutes.
The rate includes for all costs incurred in attempting to open the manhole. The costs incurred
in successfully opening manhole covers is deemed to be included in the rates for Pre-
Inspections and CCTV inspection set up at manholes.
9.2.4 CCTV inspection set up at manholes in road reserves

CCTV5 CCTV inspection set up at manholes in road reserves
CCTV5.1 Manholes up to 3 m deep No
CCTV5.2 Manholes over 3 m deep No
Pay item for setting up and work in preparation for a CCTV Inspection at manholes located
within road reserves. Measurement is per depth category.
Payment shall include for locating the manhole, opening and re-fitting the cover, effecting
safety precautions, moving personnel and equipment between sites and setting up of
equipment ready for inspections and removal at the completion of the inspection.
9.2.5 CCTV inspection set up at manholes outside road reserves
CCTV6 Extra Over CCTV5 for manholes outside road reserves No
Extra over pay item for additional costs for setting up and preparatory work at manholes
located outside road reserves including additional costs of access and/or liaising with land
owners or tenants.
9.2.6 CCTV inspection set up at manholes not accessible by conventional two wheel
drive vehicles

CCTV7 Extra Over CCTV5 for manholes not accessible by No
conventional two wheel drive vehicles
Above Pay items are on the basis that the manholes are accessible by means of conventional
2 wheel drive vehicles. Where this is not possible this extra over pay item has been provided
to allow the Contractor additional payment in respect of the additional costs of access.
9.3 CCTV INSPECTION
9.3.1 Inspect conduits
CCTV8 Inspect Conduits
CCTV8.1 Circular Pipes

CCTV8.1.1 Up to and including 125 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.2 Over 125 mm dia. but not exceeding 200 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.7 Exceeding 1800 mm dia. m

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CCTV8.2 Egg Shaped Conduits

CCTV8.2.1 Up to and including 600 mm wide m
CCTV8.2.2 Over 600 mm but not exceeding 900 mm wide m
CCTV8.2.4 Exceeding 1200 mm wide m
CCTV8.3 Box Culverts
CCTV8.3.1 Up to and including 900 mm wide m
CCTV8.3.4 Exceeding 1800 mm wide m
Measurement shall be for the linear metre of conduit inspected according to category and
size.
Payment shall include for all costs to perform the inspection, including safety requirements,
planning, dealing with flows including plugging but excluding overpumping and excluding
forced ventilation, including calibration of equipment, testing of equipment, internal quality
control and rectification of unacceptable inspections.
9.3.2 Pan and Tilt Camera

CCTV9 Extra Over CCTV8 for pan and tilt camera m
Extra over for using a pan and tilt camera instead of a fixed forward looking camera where
specified.
9.3.3 Laser Light Ring Inspection

CCTV10 Extra Over CCTV8 for laser light ring survey m
Extra over for using a laser light ring in addition to CCTV inspection where specified.
Payment to include for all additional requirements to perform a laser light ring survey in
addition to a CCTV inspection, including provision of laser light ring results and recordings.
9.3.4 Sidescan Camera Inspection

CCTV11 Extra Over CCTV8 for sidescan camera inspection m
Extra over for using a sidescan camera in addition to CCTV inspection where specified.
Payment to include for all additional requirements to perform a sidescan inspection including
provision of system to produce results and recordings.
9.3.5 Non-circular conduits

CCTV12 Extra Over CCTV8 for non-circular conduits (specify shape & dimensions) m
Extra over for the CCTV inspection of non-circular conduits.
Payment includes for additional costs for equipment including transporters to negotiate the
non-circular cross-section in accordance with the specifications.
9.3.6 Brick Conduits

CCTV13 Extra Over CCTV8 for brick conduits m
Extra over for the inspection of brick conduits.

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Payment to include for the additional costs for coding of brick conduits in accordance with the
specifications.
9.3.7 Man-Entry Inspection

CCTV14 Extra Over CCTV8 for man-entry inspection m
Extra over for the inspection of conduits using personnel to enter and negotiate the conduit.
Payment to include for the additional costs to perform the inspection, including additional
supervision and safety requirements.
9.3.8 Work Outside Normal Working Hours

CCTV15 Work outside normal working hours
CCTV15.1 Extra Over CCTV5, CCTV8, CCTV15 for night work Monday to Friday m
CCTV15.2 Extra Over CCTV5, CCTV8, CCTV15 for weekend work m
Extra over for night work (Monday to Friday) or weekend work authorised by the Engineer.
Payment to include for the additional costs to perform the inspections at night or at weekends.
9.3.9 Survey Reports
CCTV16 Survey reports m
Pay item to cover the cost of producing the Survey Report deliverables.
9.3.10 Forced Ventilation
CCTV17 Forced ventilation Hour
Pay item to cover the cost of providing forced ventilation where approved by the Engineer.
9.3.11 Overpumping
CCTV18 The pay items for overpumping shall be specified in the Project Specifications.
Overpumping will normally be paid per hour
9.3.12 Inspect Manholes
CCTV19 Inspect manholes. No

Measurement shall be for the number of manholes inspected.
Payment shall include for all costs to perform the inspection, including safety requirements,
planning, dealing with flows including plugging but excluding overpumping and excluding
forced ventilation, including calibration of equipment, testing of equipment, provision of
deliverables, internal quality control and rectification of unacceptable inspections.

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10. TYPICAL BILL OF QUANTITIES
Pay Item Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount
CCTV INSPECTION SURVEY
GENERAL
CCTV1 General
CCTV1.1 Contract establishment Sum
CCTV1.2 Accommodation of Traffic Sum
CCTV1.3 Safety Sum
SETTING UP EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATORY WORK
CCTV2 Pre-Inspection No
CCTV3 Unsuccessful search for manhole No
CCTV4 Seized manhole cover No
CCTV5 CCTV inspection set up at manholes in road reserves
CCTV5.1 a) Manholes up to 3 m deep No
CCTV5.2 b) Manholes over 3 m deep No
CCTV6 Extra Over CCTV5 for manholes outside road reserves No

CCTV7 Extra Over CCTV5 for manholes not accessible by No
conventional two wheel drive vehicles
CCTV INSPECTION
CCTV8 Inspect conduits
CCTV8.1 Circular Pipes
CCTV8.1.1 a) Up to and including 125 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.2 b) Over 125 mm dia. up to 225 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.3 c) Over 225 mm dia. up to 450 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.4 d) Over 450 mm dia. up to 900 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.5 e) Over 900 mm dia. up to 1200 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.6 f) Over 1200 mm dia. up to 1800 mm dia. m
CCTV8.1.7 g) Over 1800 mm dia. m
CCTV8.2 Egg Shaped Conduits
CCTV8.2.1 a) Up to and including 600 mm wide m
CCTV8.2.2 b) Over 600 mm but not exceeding 900 mm m
CCTV8.2.3 c) Over 900 mm but not exceeding 1200 mm m
CCTV8.2.4 d) Exceeding 1200 mm wide m

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CCTV8.3 Box Culverts
CCTV8.3.1 a) Up to and including 900 mm wide m
CCTV8.3.2 b) Over 900 mm but not exceeding 1200 mm wide m
CCTV8.3.3 c) Over 1200 mm but not exceeding 1800mm wide m
CCTV8.3.4 d) Exceeding 1800 mm wide m
CCTV9 Extra Over CCTV8 for pan and tilt camera m
CCTV10 Extra Over CCTV8 for laser light ring survey m
CCTV11 Extra Over CCTV8 for sidescan camera inspection m

Extra Over CCTV8 for non-circular conduits
CCTV12 m
(specify shape and dimensions)
CCTV13 Extra Over CCTV8 for brick conduits m
CCTV14 Extra Over CCTV8 for man-entry inspection m
CCTV15 Work Outside Normal Working Hours
CCTV16 a) Extra Over CCTV5, CCTV8, CCTV15 for night m

work Monday to Friday
CCTV16.1 b) Extra Over CCTV5, CCTV8, CCTV15 for m

weekend work
CCTV16.2 Survey reports m
CCTV17 Forced ventilation Day
CCTV18 Overpumping h
CCTV19 Inspect Manholes No

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Project Specifications
for
CCTV Inspection of Conduits
This section comprises the project specifications that supplements the standard specification.
The project specification supplements the standard specification and in this document contains guides
to the specific project requirements that should be specified

22
Particular Specification
D DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS
D1 General Scope
The Layout Plans show the extent of the Inspection Survey for this contract. Layout plans will
be issued to the Contractor showing the conduits to be inspected with reference numbers. The
scheduled lengths and conduit types and sizes are indicated in the Bill of Quantities.
D2 Survey Capacity
The extent of the work and the time for completion requires that the Contractor provide a
sufficient number of fully equipped survey teams. It is anticipated that the Contractor will
require ?? survey teams.
D3 Layout Plans
The Contractor will be issued with three sets of Layout Plans. One set is to be kept in
safekeeping and used for annotating with record information and submitted to the Engineer as
a deliverable.

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G GENERAL
Note that these General project specifications should be covered by the standard clauses in
the General Section of the Standard Specifications (SANS 1200), but are included here for
smaller emergency contracts.
G1 Contract Establishment
A Lump Sum pay item is included for the contractual obligations and establishment on site for
the entire contract. The pay item shall include for all items which are general to the project as
a whole. Such items shall include but are not limited to the following:
Establishment and disestablishment of plant and equipment.

Provision of insurances and sureties.
Provision of all plant, equipment and personnel to carry out the works.
Supervision of the works.
Contractors company and head office overheads.
Provision of computer hardware and software required for the contract.
Notification and liaison with private property owners, tenants and the public.
Keeping the sites clean and tidy throughout the contract.
Liaison with other authorities.
Attending site and progress meetings.
Providing written progress reports.
Liaison with the City of Cape Town Project Manager, Engineer and Engineer’s
Representative.
G2 Accommodation of Traffic
G2.1 General
The Contractor shall perform the Survey in such a manner as to cause as little interference as
possible to the flow of traffic and pedestrians.
The Contractor shall at all times liaise and obey the instructions of the traffic department.
The Contractor shall comply with Chapter 13 of Volume 2 of the South African Road Traffic
Signs Manual (SARTSM) and provide all necessary signs, cones etc.
The Contractor shall not close any roads, traffic lanes or sidewalks without the approval of the
Traffic Department and the Engineer.
The Contractor shall not undertake inspections at night without the approval of the Traffic
Department and the Engineer.
The Contractor shall park the Survey Vehicle in a position with due consideration to traffic and
the safety of personnel. The vehicle shall operate its amber flashing lights at all times.
G2.2 Watching and Lighting
The Contractor shall provide for watching and lighting of the inspection site and provide safe
passage to pedestrians and vehicular traffic at all times.
G2.3 Parked Vehicles
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer of parked vehicles hindering the survey. The
Engineer shall investigate and instruct the Contractor accordingly. In the meantime, the

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Contractor and shall proceed with inspecting the next accessible sections of pipe to be
inspected.
G2.4 Road Safety Equipment
All personnel shall wear high visibility safety jackets etc.
G3 Safety
G3.1 Occupational Health and Safety Act
The Contractor is to observe the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of
1993. Working on underground pipelines presents hazardous conditions and the Contractor’s
attention is drawn to the Occupational Health and Safety Act - General Safety Regulations and
in particular Regulation No. 5 – Work in Confined Spaces.
G3.2 Construction Hazards
The Contractor’s attention is drawn to the fact that the existing conduits are live. In sewers
there is a gravity flow of raw sewage in the conduits, which is possibly fed by pumped flow and
significant flow surges can be expected. Stormwater conduits convey rainwater, but systems
may have a strong baseflow from watercourses, subsurface drainage and infiltration. Vigilance
is necessary as rainfall elsewhere in the catchment can result in sudden increases in the flow.
Working on these live conduits presents hazardous conditions and the Contractor’s attention
is drawn to the Occupational Health and Safety Act - General Safety Regulations and in
particular Regulation No. 5 – Work in Confined Spaces.
The safety of all workers and the provision of all necessary safety equipment for the protection
of workmen shall be the Contractor' s sole responsibility. Approved gas testing equipment and
breathing apparatus must be available on site at all times and regular tests are to be made to
check for the presence of gases.
The Contractor’s attention is drawn to the following subsections, which describe some of the
Construction Hazards that may be found. These subsections are provided for information only
and in no way relieves the Contractor of any responsibilities.
G3.2.1 Dangerous Gases

In any conduit there is a potential for gases to accumulate, which can cause
asphyxiation or poisoning. Typically, work may only proceed in a manhole that has been
ventilated by removing the covers of both the upstream and downstream manholes for
at least half an hour. The underground atmosphere must be tested for gasses. Where
there is evidence of gasses workmen shall use full-face breathing apparatus.
In addition, men working within the manhole and conduit shall wear safety harnesses
and lifelines. Men working in the manholes shall be observed at all times and there
shall always be two men on the surface ready for rescue work.
G3.2.2 Explosive Gases

Gases found in conduits can be explosive. Typically, no naked flames or smoking shall
be allowed within five metres of an open manhole
G3.2.3 Drowning
The flow in the conduit could be strong and should a person fall in they may find it
difficult to extricate themselves. There is a danger of being swept away and drowning.
Workmen shall wear harnesses and lifelines each securely held by two workmen on the
surface.

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G3.2.4 Infection and Cleanliness

Due to the high concentrations of bacteria in sewage (and possibly stormwater), many
of them pathogenic, every precaution must be taken by workmen against infection.
Typically, precautions to be taken against diseases are the avoidance of contamination
of food and drink or of the infection of cuts and abrasions. Workmen should be taught
not to touch their faces during work or until they have washed. Adequate washing
facilities should be provided. All cuts and abrasions should be given immediate
treatment including disinfecting, however slight they may be. The site should be
provided with the necessary first-aid equipment.
G3.2.5 Acidic Conditions

In conduits corrosion may have been caused by Sulphuric Acid forming on the exposed
internal surfaces of the manholes and pipes from Hydrogen Sulphide gas. Typically,
the internal surfaces of the manholes and pipes may be acidic and caution must be
taken. Protective gloves must be used when handling the existing materials.
G3.3 Safety Equipment and Protective Clothing
The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision, regular maintenance and proper use of all
protective clothing and safety equipment. The necessary personnel shall be trained in its use for
the safety and protection of employees, the general public and the property of the City and
others.
Safety equipment to be provided and used shall include

Gas detection equipment, for hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide, methane, oxygen
deficiency and combustible gasses. Equipment must be regularly serviced and calibrated.
Breathing apparatus with face mask, demand valve and a 10 minute compressed air
supply
Vertical lift safety harnesses
Safety helmets and boots
Wading boots
Protective gloves
First aid kit
Washing facilities including water, soap and disinfectant
Communication equipment (cellphone, radio)
Fire extinguisher
G3.4 Equipment in Hazardous Environment
The Contractor’s plant and equipment used within the conduits and manholes shall be to an
approved standard appropriate for the potentially hazardous environment that may be
encountered. All such equipment shall be waterproof.
G3.5 Dangerous Conditions
The Contractor shall immediately cease inspections in the location of any dangerous
atmosphere or where conditions within a manhole or conduit may pose a health or safety risk,
and which are not accommodated in the Contractor’ risk assessments and Health and Safety
Plan, and shall inform the Engineer immediately.

26
4 EQUIPMENT
4.1 Camera and Transporter
The type of camera and transporter to be used shall be as specified, stating the sizes, types
and shapes of conduits to be inspected by each type of camera and transporter.
4.1.3 Zoom on Pan and Tilt Cameras
Pan and tilt cameras shall have a zoom facility if required. This is usually a requirement in
larger conduits for close ups of defects and features.
4.1.6 Steerable Self Propelled Tractors
Self-propelled tractor transporters shall be specified as being steerable or not. Steerable

tractors are usually required for the inspection of larger conduits or conduits with a flatter
profiled bottom where the tractors do not easily track and wander in direction. Steering also
allows obstructions to be negotiated.
4.6 GPS Receiver
If it is a requirement for the Contractor to provide coordinates of the manhole covers, include
the following specification, which with the advances in technology may become quickly out of
date.
The Contractor shall provide a GPS Receiver capable of recording the position of the centre of
each manhole cover to be opened during the inspection survey. The coordinates are required
to confirm the manhole lengths that are being surveyed. In addition the City may use the
information in their Geographic Information System (GIS).
The GPS Receiver shall be handheld and capable of using both the US GPS and Russian
Glonass satellite systems. It must be configured to use NTRIP Differential GPS transmissions
using a cellphone with Bluetooth to provide sub-half-metre accuracy.
6 SITE OPERATIONS FOR INSPECTIONS
6.2 Cleaning of Conduits
The cleaning of conduits is included in this contract. The contractor shall perform Pre-
Inspections to determine what conduit cleaning is required. Cleaning shall be arranged and
performed in advance of the inspections in accordance with the Cleaning Specifications. If
the CCTV inspection reveals that further cleaning is required, the contractor shall perform
such cleaning.
or
The cleaning of conduits is not covered by this contract. A separate contract is in place for the
cleaning of conduits. The contractor shall perform Pre-Inspections to determine what conduit
cleaning is required. Any conduit cleaning will be arranged by the Engineer and performed in
advance of the inspections. If the CCTV inspection reveals that further cleaning is required,
the Engineer shall arrange such cleaning.
or
The cleaning of conduits is not covered by this contract. A separate contract is in place for the
pre-inspection and cleaning of conduits in advance of this contract. The contractor can expect
to find the conduits in a clean condition. If the CCTV inspection reveals that further cleaning is
required, the Engineer shall arrange such cleaning.

27
6.4 Manhole Inspections
It shall be specified whether inspections of manholes are required. If required the deliverables
and audits shall include those for manholes. The inspections of manholes shall be measured
and paid separately.
6.5 Dealing with flows
6.5. Allowable Depth of Flow
The depth of flow, if any, allowed in the conduits through which the inspection may take place
must be specified. This must be reasonable as full containment of flows is difficult to achieve
using pipe plugs, which is exacerbated by infiltration and inflows from connections. However, if
the inspections are to investigate suspected invert erosion then no flow should be specified.
6.5.4 Overpumping
Overpumping has been described in the Particular Specification but no pay items have been
included.
If overpumping is expected to be necessary to allow CCTV Inspections to take place, then it

should be specified and measured in detail to allow the tenderers to price the tender and for
the tenders to be evaluated. Normally an overpumping flow shall be specified and pay items
included for establishment and overpumping per hour. However if the overpumping cannot be
specified and measured in sufficient detail then it should be scheduled in Dayworks with
suitable items and quantities.
6.8 Start of Inspection
6.8.2.1 Data Displayed and Recorded at Start of Inspection
Any additional data that is required to be generated by the Data Generator, displayed and
recorded at the start of the inspection.
6.8.2.2 Manhole/Conduit Reference Number

The conduit reference numbers have been determined by the Employer/Engineer and are
shown on the Layout Plans.
or
The manholes have been allocated reference numbers which are shown on the layout plans
and the manhole lengths shall be determined by the following methodology:
or
The Manhole/Conduit Length Reference Number will be determined in accordance with the
following methodology.
6.9 During Inspection

6.9.3 Observations Using Pan and Tilt of Camera
It must be specified what observations must be made using the pan and tilt facility during
inspections. Examples could be
Pan and Tilt observations are required of every defect or feature
or
Pan and Tilt observations are required of every joint with a 360° rotation.
or
Pan and Tilt observations are required only of connections, holes and broken pipes.
If required the camera shall execute a 90° tilt upwards (or downwards) and a full 360° rotation
at joints.

28
6.9.5 Data Displayed and Recorded During Inspection
Any additional data that is required to be generated by the Data Generator, displayed and
recorded during the inspection.
6.10 Man-Entry Inspections
If any Man-Entry surveys of larger conduits is anticipated. The details must be stated in the
project specifications.
7.1 Additional Survey Report Deliverables
The Contractor shall provide 2 hard copies and one electronic copy of the Survey Report.
The Survey Report shall include the following additional items:
7.1.1 Site Coding Sheets
Site Coding Sheets shall be completed by an CCTV Inspection Operator on site at the time of
the inspection. Post processing is not allowed.
or
It is recommended that Site Coding Sheets be completed by an CCTV Inspection Operator on

site at the time of the inspection, however post processing will be allowed. If post processing
is allowed the coding shall be performed by a CCTV Inspection Operator.
7.1.3 Still Images
It must be specified what still images must be captured during the inspections. Examples
could be
Still images are not required.
or
Still images are required of every defect or feature
or
Still images are required only of defects (not connections)
or
Still images are required of defects and features. With repeated defects of the same code a
still image of only the first instance is necessary. If there are no defects or features a General
Photograph (Code GP) still photograph is required at least once in a manhole length. If a
defect is continuous a general Photograph (Code GP) is required at least every 5 metres.

Stormwater Conduit CCTV Inspection Specification

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CITY OF CAPE TOWN

Roads and Stormwater Department

Vela VKE Report C1050-W-I[REPORT]-003

PO Box 8022, Roggebaai, 8012

This document comprises the following parts:

Particular Specification - CCTV Inspection of Conduits Pages 1 - 20

Particular Specification - Project Specifications - CCTV Inspection of Conduits Pages 21 - 28

6.5.4 Overpumping .................................................................................................................7

9.3.3 Laser Light Ring Inspection .........................................................................................17