Module 3 PDF

Module 3, Renewable energy
Solar energy - Solar energy is the radiation from

the Sun capable of producing heat, causing
chemical reactions, or generating electricity.
Once the sunlight passes through the earth’s
atmosphere, most of it is in the form of visible
light and infrared radiation. Solar cell panels are
used to convert this energy into electricity.
In the flat-plate solar collectors the Sun heats a

dark flat surface, which collect as much energy as
possible, and then the energy is transferred to
water, air, or other fluid for further use.
Coating in Solar Panel - The new technology of coating on solar
panels helps to improve their self-cleaning, anti-reflection, anti-fogging and
energy transmittance properties. An anti-reflective coating for solar
panels is a nano coating which reduces the reflection and glare
produced by an uncoated solar panel. It does this by reducing the
difference in refractive index between air and glass.
Solar Still - This technology is based on the simple evaporation-
condensation principle. A solar still distills water with substances
dissolved in it by using the heat of the Sun. The evaporated water is
cooled and collected, thereby purifying it.
Solar dryer - Solar dryers are devices that use solar energy to dry
substances, especially food. A solar dryer has a black absorbing surface
which collects the light and converts it to heat. The substance to be dried
is placed directly on this surface. These driers may have enclosures, glass
covers and/or vents to in order to increase efficiency
Solar Pond - A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores
solar thermal energy. Salt is added to the water until the lower layers of
water become completely saturated. High-salinity water at the bottom of
the pond does not mix readily with the low-salinity water above it due to
the difference in density. So when the bottom layer of water is heated by
the sunlight, convection occurs separately in the bottom and top layers,
with only mild mixing between the two.
The hot, salty water at the

bottom layer can then be
pumped away for use in
electricity generation, through
a turbine or as a source of
thermal energy.
Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and
animals. Examples are wood and wood residues, energy crops,
agricultural residues, manure, and some garbage.
Thermal characteristics of
biomass depend on heat
value, moisture level,
chemical composition, size
and density of the fuel, ash
content, susceptibility to
slagging and fouling, and
volatiles content.
Anaerobic digestion is a method of converting biomass into energy.
In this process, organic material is broken down by bacteria, in the
absence of oxygen, to create methane-rich biogas. The Anaerobic
digestion process begins when biomass is put inside a sealed tank or
digester.
Naturally occurring
micro-organisms
digest the biomass,
which releases the
biogas that can be
used to generate
renewable heat and
power
Biogas is produced when bacteria digest organic matter (biomass) in
the absence of oxygen. The whole biogas production process can be
divided into three steps: hydrolysis, acidification, and methane
formation. Many microorganisms take part in this complex
transformation with the main role given to 3 types of methane-
producing bacteria. Biogas is a combination of two-thirds of methane
and the rest is mostly carbon dioxide with traces of hydrogen sulfide.
Biogas is environment friendly and is used for cooking, heating and
indoor illumination. Biogas can be stored directly the tank that
produced it, or relieved out to an external tank. Storing the gas
externally allows to regulate the pressure of the gas for a consistent
flow. To make biogas suitable for cooking application it is
compressed up to 4 bar after purification, moisture removal and filled
in LPG cylinder.
Wind power or wind energy is mostly the use of wind turbines to
generate electricity. Wind power is a popular, sustainable, renewable
energy source that has a much smaller impact on the environment
than burning fossil fuels.
Wind power generation capacity in

India has significantly increased in
recent years. As of 30 November 2021,
the total installed wind power capacity
was 40 GW, the fourth largest installed
wind power capacity in the world. Wind
power capacity is mainly spread
across the Southern, Western and
Northern regions
Progress of wind energy production
in India
Major countries of
Year Capacity (in MW) wind energy producers
2015 26,769 Country Capacity (in
MW)
2016 32,280
China 281,993
2017 34,046 USA 117,744
2018 35,626 Germany 62,184
India 38,785
2019 37,669
Spain 27,089
2020 38,785
World wide wind energy production in 2010 and 2020 (Region wise)
Today, there is now 743 GW of wind power capacity worldwide, helping to

avoid over 1.1 billion tonnes of CO2 globally
Environmental benefits of wind energy
Wind energy is a source of renewable energy. It does not
contaminate, it is inexhaustible and reduces the use of fossil fuels,
which are the origin of greenhouse gasses that cause global
warming. Major benefits of wind energy are,
1. Renewable energy
2. Inexhaustible
3. Not pollutant
4. Reduces the use of fossil fuels
5. Reduces energy imports
6. Creates wealth and local employment
7. Contributes to sustainable development.
Disadvantages of wind energy
• Unpredictable - Perhaps the biggest disadvantage to wind energy
is that it cannot be produced consistently.
• Noise - Turbines might cause noise.
• Aesthetic pollution - Cause visual impacts to the landscape.
• Wind resource development might not be the most profitable
use of the land
• Location limitations - Good land-based wind sites are often
located in remote locations, far from cities where the electricity is
needed
• Wind plants can impact local wildlife - Birds have been killed by
flying into spinning turbine blades.
Need for new sources
1. Generating energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Reduces air pollution.
3. Diversifying energy supply
4. Reducing dependence on imported fuels.
5. Creating economic development.
Our current level of dependence on fossil fuels puts us on track for a
rapid depletion of these finite materials.
Alternative energy is any amount of energy derived from non-

fossil fuel sources.
New energy sources-
1. Wind Energy
2. Solar energy
3. Hydroelectric energy
4. Bioenergy
5. Nuclear energy
6. Ocean energy-
a) Tidal energy –
b) Wave energy-
c) Ocean thermal energy-
7. Geothermal energy -
8. Hydrogen energy -
New energy sources-
Ocean energy-
a) Tidal energy - Tidal energy is a form of power produced by
the natural rise and fall of tides caused by the gravitational
interaction between Earth, the sun, and the moon.
b) Wave energy- Description. Wave energy (or wave power)

is the transport and capture of energy by ocean surface waves. The
energy captured is then used for all different kinds of useful work,
including electricity generation, water desalination, and pumping of
water.
Wave Energy
New energy sources …..
c) Ocean thermal energy-
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion is a process that can
produce electricity by using the temperature difference between
deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters.
New energy sources …..
Geothermal energy - Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated
and stored inside the Earth’s crust. When underground water comes in
contact with the hot spot of the earth crust, steam is generated.
Sometimes this hot water formed region finds outlets at the surface. When
this hot water gushes out of one of these outlets, it is called hot springs.
Hot water or steam from the hot springs can be used for generating
electricity.
Geothermal Power Plants in India
•Tattapani in Chhattisgarh.
•Puga in Jammu & Kashmir.
•Cambay Graben in Gujarat.
•Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.
•Surajkund in Jharkhand.
•Chhumathang in Jammu & Kashmir.
The largest geothermal plant in

the world is called the Geysers
Geothermal Complex, located in
the United States, with a capacity
of 900 megawatts.
Hydrogen energy - Hydrogen energy involves the use of hydrogen
and/or hydrogen-containing compounds to generate energy to be
supplied to all practical uses. Hydrogen is a clean fuel that, when
consumed in a fuel cell, produces only water.
Hydrogen can be produced from
a variety of domestic resources,
such as natural gas, nuclear
power, biomass, and renewable
power like solar and wind.
Hydrogen can be used in cars, in
houses, for portable power, and
in many more applications.

Module 3 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 3 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 3 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 3, Renewable energy

Solar energy - Solar energy is the radiation from

In the flat-plate solar collectors the Sun heats a

The hot, salty water at the

Wind power generation capacity in

Today, there is now 743 GW of wind power capacity worldwide, helping to

Alternative energy is any amount of energy derived from non-

b) Wave energy- Description. Wave energy (or wave power)

The largest geothermal plant in

You might also like