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    Nucleotide Metabolism

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    violinetargaryen

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    Nucleotide Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    violinetargaryen
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    Original Title

    Nucleotide metabolism

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    Nucleotide Metabolism

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    violinetargaryen

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    NOTES

    NOTES
    NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM

    NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
    osms.it/nucleotide-metabolism
    Nucleotides ▪ RNA nucleosides (resulting nucleotide)
    ▪ Building blocks of DNA, RNA ▫ Adenine + ribose = adenosine
    ▪ Consist of 5 carbon sugar, phosphate (monophosphate → AMP)
    group, nitrogenous base/nucleobase ▫ Guanine + ribose = guanosine
    ▫ 5 carbon sugar: deoxyribose (→ DNA) (monophosphate → GMP)
    or ribose (→ RNA) ▫ Cytosine + ribose = cytidine
    ▫ Nucleobase: pyrimidine (cytosine, (monophosphate → CMP)
    thymine for DNA, uracil for RNA) or ▫ Uracil + ribose = uridine
    purine (adenine, guanine) (monophosphate → UMP)
    ▫ Sugar + nucleobase = nucleoside

    Figure 3.1 Nucleotide components: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a
    nucleobase (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil).

    OSMOSIS.ORG 23
    ▪ DNA nucleosides (resulting nucleotide) ▪ DNA nucleotides start with diphosphates
    ▫ Adenine + deoxyribose = of RNA nucleotides
    deoxyadenosine (monophosphate → ▫ Ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase
    dAMP) reduces ribose to deoxyribose
    ▫ Guanine + deoxyribose = ▫ Molecules then lose phosphate groups
    deoxyguanosine (monophosphate → → dCMP, dUMP, dAMP, dGMP
    dGMP) ▫ Thymidylate synthetase converts dUMP
    ▫ Cytosine + deoxyribose = deoxycytidine into dTMP
    (monophosphate → dCMP)
    Nucleotide breakdown
    ▫ Thymine + deoxyribose =
    deoxythymidine (monophosphate → ▪ Pyrimidine rings C,T,U broken down into
    dTMP) CO2 + NH3, excreted through exhalation/
    urine
    De novo nucleotide synthesis ▪ Purine rings G,A degraded into uric acid,
    ▪ RNA nucleotides start with ribose-5- excreted through urine
    phosphate
    ▫ Then for pyrimidine nucleotides (UMP Salvage pathway
    and CMP) ▪ Guanine, hypoxanthine from purine
    ▫ Then for purine nucleotides (AMP and breakdown can be restored into GMP, AMP
    GMP)

    24 OSMOSIS.ORG
    Chapter 3 Biochemistry: Nucleic Acid Metabolism

    Figure 3.2 De novo synthesis of RNA pyrimidines. CTP naturally loses phosphate groups → CMP.

    OSMOSIS.ORG 25
    Figure 3.3 De novo synthesis of RNA purines from precursor iosine monophosphate (IMP).

    Figure 3.4 DNA nucleotide synthesis from diphosphates of RNA nucleotides.

    26 OSMOSIS.ORG
    Chapter 3 Biochemistry: Nucleic Acid Metabolism

    Figure 3.5 Breakdown of purines into uric acid.

    OSMOSIS.ORG 27
    Figure 3.6 Salvage pathways that restore AMP and GMP.

    28 OSMOSIS.ORG

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