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    Micro 1 Chapter 2

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    alleahdeguzman042000

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Micro 1 Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    alleahdeguzman042000
    3 views24 pages

    Original Title

    Micro+1+Chapter+2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as key, pdf, or txt
    3 views24 pages

    Micro 1 Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    alleahdeguzman042000

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as key, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 24

    Chapter 2:Host-Parasite

    Interaction

    Cristhoper James D. Dicang, RMT, MSMT ©


    REMINDERS

    This presentation is audio enabled.


    Click the play audio icon in each slide
    presentation to listen to the faculty
    discussion of each slide content.
    OUTLINE
    Origin of Microbial Flora
    Composition of Microbial flora at different
    body sites
    Pathogenesis of Infectious disease
    Host Defense Against infectious disease
    Microbial Factors
    Host Resistance Factors
    Microbes Mechanism
    Routes of Transmission
    Origin of Microbial Flora

    Symbiosis
    Mutualism
    Commensalism
    Parasitism
    Characteristics of Microbial Flora

    Indigenous flora
    Microorganisms commonly found on or in
    healthy persons

    Carrier state
    Acute: short term
    Chronic: long term
    Factors that determine the composition
    of usual microbial flora
    Nutritional factors
    Antibacterial substances
    Bile, lysozyme, fatty acids

    Environmental factors
    Moist or dry
    Low pH
    Composition of Microbial Flora

    1. Usual flora of the Skin


    2. Usual flora of the Mouth
    3. Usual flora of the Respiratory Tract
    4. Usual flora of the Gastrointestinal
    Tract
    5. Usual flora of the Genitourinary
    Tract
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Pathogenicity
    Ability of a microbe to produce disease in a
    susceptible individual.
    1. True Pathogens
    Can cause disease in immunocompetent individuals
    2. Opportunistic Pathogens
    Can cause disease when they’re not in their normal habitat.

    Iatrogenic Infection
    Infection as the result of medical treatment or
    procedures
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Virulence
    Relative ability of a microorganism to cause
    disease or the degree of pathogenicity

    Microbial Virulence Factors:


    Ability to resist phagocytosis
    Surface Structures that promote adhesion
    Ability to survive Intracellularly & proliferate
    Ability to produce Extracellular Toxins & Enzymes
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Microbial Virulence Factors:
    Ability to resist phagocytosis
    Capsule
    Inhibits phagocytosis
    Examples:
    Haemophilus influenzae
    Streprococcus pneumoniae
    Protein A
    Found in the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus.
    Prevents Opsonization & Phagocytosis
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Microbial Virulence Factors:
    Ability to resist phagocytosis
    Hemolysin
    Lyse red blood cells
    Leukocidin
    Lysosomal discharge in the cytoplasm
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Microbial Virulence
    Factors:
    Surface Structures that
    promote adhesion
    Adhesins
    Fimbriae
    Examples:
    Escherichia coli
    (Traveler’s Diarrhea)
    Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Ability to survive Intracellularly &
    proliferate
    Host factors
    Lactoferrin & Lysozyme
    IgA Protease
    Degrades IgA found in mucosal surface.
    Ex: H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis

    Shifting Key cell surface Ags


    Ex: Borrelia spp.
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Ability to survive Intracellularly &
    proliferate

    Invasion
    Pathogens ability to penetrate and grow in tissues
    Dissemination
    Ability of an organism to spread in distant sites
    Pathogenesis of Infection
    Microbial Virulence Factors:
    Ability to produce Extracellular Toxins & Enzymes
    Host Resistance Factors
    Physical Barriers
    Cleansing Mechanisms
    Antimicrobial Substances
    Indigenous Microbial Flora
    Phagocytosis
    Inflammation
    Immune Responses
    Steps in Phagocyosis
    1. Chemotaxis
    Migration of the phagocyte to the area of
    infection
    2. Attachment
    Opsonization
    Coating of bacterium with Antibodies or
    complement.
    3. Ingestion
    4. Killing
    Metabolic/Respiratory Burst
    Inc in metabolic activity of Phagocytic cells
    Host Resistance Factors
    Inflammation
    Body’s response to injury or foreign body
    CARDINAL SIGNS:
    1. Rubor
    Redness
    2. Calor
    Heat sensation
    3. Dolor
    Pain
    4. Tumor
    Swelling
    5. Functio laesa
    Loss of function
    Host Resistance Factors
    NATURAL ADAPTIVE
    IMMUNITY IMMUNITY
    Resists infections by Specificity for each
    normally present body individual pathogen.
    functions.
    Ability to REMEMBER a
    No prior exposure is prior exposure
    required
    Results in an INCREASED
    Response doesn’t response upon repeated
    change w/ subsequent exposure.
    exposures
    Has memory
    Lacks memory
    Natural Immunity
    External Defense Internal Defense
    system system
    Physical Cellular
    Phagocytes
    Skin and Mucous
    membrane Humoral
    Normal Flora Acute Phase Reactants
    Complement
    Biochemical
    Interferons
    Lactic acid
    Lysozyme
    Sebum
    Lysozymes
    Acidity of GIT & Vagina
    Acquired Immunity
    Types of Acquired Immunity:
    1. Humoral Mediated Immunity
    Mode of action: Antibodies in serum
    Primary defense against bacterial infection

    2. Cell Mediated Immunity


    Direct cell to cell contact or soluble products secreted
    by cells
    Defense against viral and fungal infections, and
    intracellular organisms.
    Antibodies
    IgG
    Predominant antibody
    Crosses the placenta
    IgM
    Cannot cross the placenta
    IgA
    Predominant in body secretions
    IgD & IgE
    IgE – increases during parasitic infection
    Routes of Transmission
    1. Airborne
    2. Transmission by Food and Water
    3. Close contact
    4. Cuts and Bites
    5. Arthropods
    6. Zoonoses
    Thank you!

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