Biosafety

‫‪Biosafety‬‬
‫أعداد‬
‫بكتريولوجي اختصاص‬
‫ليث فوزي مهدي‪-‬مدرب معتمد‬
Biosafity
❖Biosafety:-
❖ is the application of safety precautions that reduce a

laboratorian's risk of exposure to a potentially infectious
microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and,
ultimately, the community.
Medical laboratory safety
❖The occupational safety program for medical laboratories

includes:-
1- Biological safety
2- Chemical safety
3- Physical safety
Biohazard
An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce deleterious

effects on humans such us:-
1- Microorganisms , toxins and allergens derived from those organisms .
2- Allergens and toxins derived from higher plant and animals.
Biological Hazard Sing
Biosafety Levels (BSL)
Biosafty Levels 1(BSL1)
BSL1 :- agents not known to cause disease .

Examples:-
1- Bacillus subtilis
2- Naegleria gruberi
3- Infectious canine hepatitis virus
4- E.Coli
Requirements
1- Laboratories have doors.

2- Sink for hand washing .
3- Work surface easily cleaned.
4- Bench tops are impervious to water .
5- Sturdy furniture.
6- Windows fitted with flyscreens .
7- Ventilation.
Biosafety Levels 2 (BSL2)
BSL2:- Agents associated with human disease.

Examples:-
1- Measles virus
2- Salmonellae
3- Toxoplasma spp
4- Hepatitis B virus
5- Blood borne pathogens
6-Human body fluids/particulary when visibly contaminated
with blood .
Requirements:-
1-Laboratories have lockable doors .

2- Sink for hand washing
3- Work surfaces easily cleaned
4- Bench tops are impervious to water .
5- sturdy furniture.
6- Biological safety cabinets installed as needed
7- Eyewash readily available .
8- Air flows into lab without re- circulation to non-lab areas.
9- Windows fitted fly screens.
Biosafety level 3 (BSL3)
BSL3:- Indigenous / exotic agents associated with human

disease and with potential for aerosol transmission.
Examples :-
1- M. tuberculosis
2- St. Louis encephalitis virus
3- Coxiella burnetii
Requirements
• BSL1 and 2 Facilities plus :-

❖Separate building or isolated zone
❖Double door entry
❖Directional inward airflow
❖ Single – pass air 10-12 air changes/ hour
❖Vacuum lines protected with liquid disinfectant traps or
HEPA Filters
BSL4:-dangerous / exotic agents of life threatening nature .
Examples:-
• Ebola Zaire
• Sin Nombre virus
• Rift Valley Fever
Laboratory Biosafety
It is a system for the safe handling of toxic and dangerous biological

and chemical substances.
• Component of Safety in lab :
1. Safe handling, storage and disposal of:Specimens
• Chemicals
• Instruments
• Radioactive components
2. Fire safety
3. Electrical safety
Biosafety in Microbiology Labs by
Preventing lab-acquired infections:-
1. From: (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites and Recombinant DNA )
2. Source :
• Various specimens
• Human blood
• Unfixed tissue
• Human cell lines
3. To: (Lab personnel & Community
Barriers:
Primary barriers:
Physical barriers or personal protective equipments (PPE) for lab
worker (Gloves, masks, Goggles, aprons, suits, special breathing
apparatuses)
Secondary barriers:
1. Structural aspects of the laboratory that make working environment
safer
against infection
2. Sinks for hand washing
3. Special containment areas
4. Special air ventilation patterns.
5. Sterilization equipments.
Spill Response
1. Spill response will vary depending on:

a. What was spilled?
b. How much was spilled?
c. Where was the spill?
d. What is the potential for release to the environment?
2. Spills should be cleaned up immediately (unless an aerosol was
generated), to ensure proper decontamination.
3. Ensure appropriate PPE is worn and clean-up equipment is readily
available.
Spills – General Clean - Up
1. Cover spill area with absorbent material

2. Soak the spill area with an appropriate disinfectant (i.e. 10% bleach)
3. Pour disinfectant from the outside of the absorbent material
towards the inside
4. Ensure any broken glass is picked up (with forceps!) and placed in a
sharps container
5. Leave on for 20 to 30 minutes
6. Wipe up with absorbent material
7. Waste should be disposed in appropriate biohazard bags and where
possible autoclaved
Spills – Special Cases
1. Within a Centrifuge.
2. Within a Biosafety cabinet (BSC).
3. Open Areas (lab, during transport).
4. A spill response plan should be prepared BEFORE the spill occurs.
Decontamination , Disinfection and
Sterilization
• 1. Decontamination: Free of contamination, the destruction of
microorganisms to a lower level such that it removes danger of
infection to
individuals.
2. Sterilization: The complete destruction of all viable microorganisms.
3. Disinfection: Use of agents (physical or chemical) to destroy harmful
organisms on inanimate objects (not necessarily all organisms)
Decontamination :Physical
Heat:
• Autoclaving (most practical and recommended)
• Incineration (for disposal of sharps and tissues)
Irradiation:
• UV light (wavelength of 253 nm is germicidal)
• Gamma (disrupts DNA and RNA)
Filtration
• HEPA (biological safety cabinets, ventilation)
Handwashing :
One of the single effective means of preventing infections if done

properly and frequently
• When to wash?
• 1. Before starting any manipulations
• 2. Before leaving the lab
• 3. When hands are obviously soiled
• 4. Before and after completing any task in a BSC5. Every time gloves
are removed
• 6. Before contact with one‟s face or mouth.
• 7. At the end of the day.
Protection from acupunction with a
needle or sharp tools
• 1. Avoid use whenever possible
• 2. Use a BSC for all operations with infectious material
• 3. Fill syringes carefully
• 4. Shield needles when withdrawing from stoppers
• 5. Do not bend, shear or recap needles.
• 6. Dispose of all used needles/syringes in yellow sharps containers
• 7. Never leave the syringe without a cover on the table
• 8. Not to retune the syringe cover and we must use the scope
method
Waste Managemant
Discarded biological material from teaching, clinical and research laboratories and
operations is biomedical waste. Biomedical waste includes but is not limited to;
1. Animal waste
2. Biological laboratory waste
3. Human anatomical waste
4. Human blood and body fluid waste
5. Sharps
6. All biological waste should be decontaminated prior to disposal (including
level 1 agent).
7. Treated waste is no longer considered „biomedical‟ (i.e. microbiological
waste, blood and bodily fluid waste) and can be disposed in the regular waste
stream.
8. Any waste that cannot be treated (i.e. sharps, carcasses, tissues and body
parts) remains biomedical waste and must be incinerated off site
Waste Disposal
• Biomedical Waste ( untreated)

• Biomedical Waste ( treated)
Tips for hand washing
• 1- All accessories must be disposed of before washing hands.

• 2 Dry hands with a tissue before wearing gloves.
• 3 Do not dry hands with the hot air diluent.
• 4 The nails should be short to ensure that the hands are washed well.
The End
Thank you

Biosafety

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biosafety

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biosafety

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫‪Biosafety‬‬

❖ is the application of safety precautions that reduce a

❖The occupational safety program for medical laboratories

An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce deleterious

BSL1 :- agents not known to cause disease .

1- Laboratories have doors.

BSL2:- Agents associated with human disease.

1-Laboratories have lockable doors .

BSL3:- Indigenous / exotic agents associated with human

• BSL1 and 2 Facilities plus :-

It is a system for the safe handling of toxic and dangerous biological

1. Spill response will vary depending on:

1. Cover spill area with absorbent material

One of the single effective means of preventing infections if done

• Biomedical Waste ( untreated)

• 1- All accessories must be disposed of before washing hands.

You might also like