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Introduction to

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Kimberly Monana
Aaron Vladimir Omena Lasam
What is the
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 Internet of Things ( )
Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated devices
connected to the internet to transfer and receive data from one
to the other.

Internet of Things
Internet of People
SENSE COMMUNICATION
IN SIMPLE WORDS,
While internet of people connects people, internet of
things (IoT) is — things connect with other things.
Devices connect, sense, and communicate with each
other and control each other's functions. Thus, called
Internet of Things.
 A smart home is the best example of IoT
It is connected to the home router via Ethernet. The sensors send and receive
commands via this centralized gateway. The gateway then takes this
communication to the cloud. This means that all the devices are
interconnected, and it is possible to set up a desired sequence of actions.
Home appliances can be interconnect to share data with the use over a
mobile application. The user can get a detailed insight into the working
devices.
The internet help the people to connect with each
other. Now, an object or things have the ability to
sense the surroundings to interact and collaborate
with one another.
 3 types of IoT applications

2. Industrial
1. Consumer IoT Internet of Things 3. Commercial IoT
(IIoT)
 3 types of IoT applications
1. Consumer IoT
Consumer IoT refers to personal and wearable devices that connect to the internet.
These devices are often referred to as smart devices.
2. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
The industrial Internet of Things is the system of interconnected devices in the
industrial sector. Manufacturing machinery and devices used for energy
management are a part of the industrial Internet of Things.
3. Commercial IoT
Commercial IoT refers to the tools and systems used outside of the home. For
example, businesses and health care organizations leverage commercial IoT for
auditable data trails and consumer management.
 Components of IoT

Thing or Device Cloud User Interface

Gateway Analytics
 1.) Thing or Device
Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer. These
smart sensors are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit
the information to the next layer.

General Devices Sensing Devices

the main components of the data
hub and data exchange
 General devices Examples
Smart home devices -
Smart devices are interactive electronics that use wireless
connections to understand user instructions. To an extent,
smart home devices like thermostats and home security
systems can work autonomously to assist with daily tasks.
For example, you may program your smart thermostat to
adjust automatically to a cooler setting before you arrive
home from work. Or, you may receive a security camera
notification to inform you that someone is at the door when
you are not home.
 General devices Examples
Wearable technologies - One of the most common Internet of Things examples is
smartwatches. Wearable IoT technology like Fitbits and
Apple Watches connect to other devices (like your
smartphone) to share data. They typically also connect to
the internet to track GPS locations.
Personal medical devices- Personal medical devices like pacemakers are also IoT
devices. Remote medical devices can help monitor and share
a patient's vital signs or detect early signs of health issues
for fast intervention.
General devices Examples

Autonomous Self-driving cars and other connected vehicles rely on the

vehicles - internet to share real-time information. Sensors throughout
the vehicle help map its surroundings, transmit camera
footage, and respond to traffic signals.
Sensing devices
A device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical
environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure.

Ex.
Temperature sensors and thermostats
Pressure sensors
Humidity / Moisture level
Light intensity detectors
Moisture sensors
Proximity detection
RFID tags
Sensing devices
IoT sensors, sometimes called smart sensors, convert real-world variables into data
that devices can interpret and share. Many different types of sensors exist. For
example, temperature sensors detect heat and convert temperature changes into
data. Motion sensors detect movement by monitoring ultrasonic waves and
triggering a desired action when those waves are interrupted.
 How are the devices connected?
Most modern smart devices and sensors can be connected to low-power
wireless networks like Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Z-wave, LoRAWAN, etc.
Each of these wireless technologies has its pros and cons in terms of
power, data transfer rate, and overall efficiency.
2.) Gateway
IoT Gateway manages the bidirectional data traffic between different
networks and protocols. Another function of the gateway is to translate
different network protocols and make sure interoperability of the
connected devices and sensors.
Gateway
Gateways can be configured to perform pre-processing of the collected data from
thousands of sensors locally before transmitting it to the next stage. In some
scenarios, it would be necessary due to the compatibility of the TCP/IP protocol.

IoT gateway offers a certain level of security for the network and transmitted
data with higher-order encryption techniques. It acts as a middle layer between
devices and the cloud to protect the system from malicious attacks and
unauthorized access.
3.) Cloud
 3.) Cloud
The Internet of Things creates massive data from devices, applications, and users,
which has to be managed in an efficient way. IoT cloud offers tools to collect,
process, manage and store huge amounts of data in real time. Industries and
services can easily access these data remotely and make critical decisions when
necessary.
Basically, the IoT cloud is a sophisticated, high-performance network of servers
optimized to perform high-speed data processing of billions of devices, traffic
management, and deliver accurate analytics. Distributed database management
systems are one of the most important components of the IoT cloud.
 Cloud
Cloud system integrates billions of devices, sensors, gateways, protocols, and data
storage and provides predictive analytics. Companies use these analytics data to
improve products and services, preventive measures for certain steps, and build
their new business model accurately.
 4.) Analytics
Analytics is the process of converting analog data from billions of smart devices and
sensors into useful insights which can be interpreted and used for detailed analysis.
Smart analytics solutions are inevitable for IoT systems for the management and
improvement of the entire system.
Analytics
One of the major advantages of an efficient IoT system is real-time smart
analytics which helps engineers to find out irregularities in the collected data and
act fast to prevent an undesired scenario. Service providers can prepare for
further steps if the information is collected accurately at the right time.

Big enterprises use the massive data collected from IoT devices and utilize the
insights for their future business opportunities. Careful analysis will help
organizations to predict trends in the market and plan ahead for a successful
implementation.
Information is very significant in any business model, and predictive analysis
ensures success in the concerned area of the business line.
 5.) User interface
User interfaces are the visible, tangible part of the IoT system which users can access.
Designers will have to make sure of a well-designed user interface for minimum effort
for users and encourage more interactions.
User Interface
Modern technology offers much interactive design to ease complex tasks into
simple touch panel controls. Multicolor touch panels have replaced hard switches
in our household appliances, and the trend is increasing for almost every smart
home device.
The user interface design has higher significance in today’s competitive market;
it often determines the user whether to choose a particular device or appliance.
Users will be interested in buying new devices or smart gadgets if it is very
user-friendly and compatible with common wireless standards.
 Benefits of the Internet of Things
Before the introduction of the IoT, devices could only collect and share information
with human interaction. Today, the IoT enables lower operational costs, increased
safety and productivity, and overall improved customer experience. Here are a few
notable pros of the Internet of Things:

Automation- Removing the need to perform mundane tasks like turning the thermostat on and
off or locking doors increases efficiency and quality of life.
Conservation- Automation makes it easier to manage energy consumption and water usage
without human oversight or error.
Big data analytics- Information that was previously difficult to collect and analyze can be
tracked effortlessly with the Internet of Things.
 Potential drawbacks of IoT
Managing large amounts of data poses certain risks and disadvantages. For example,
more IoT devices mean more human intervention through network and device
monitoring. Some security researchers believe that cybersecurity professionals may
face an increased workload as the IoT grows. Here are a few more potential
drawbacks of the Internet of Things:

Privacy concerns. It can be challenging to protect the data mined by IoT devices. Increased
tracking threatens the confidentiality of the information we share over the internet.
Security issues. Individual device security is left up to the manufacturers. Wireless network
security could become compromised if manufacturers do not prioritize security measures.
Bandwidth. Too many connected devices on a shared network results in slow internet speeds.
 Conclusion
The Internet of Things has been evolving ever since it started its journey a few
years back. New technologies and protocols join the IoT ecosystem to make it more
accessible, cost-effective, energy-efficient, and, most importantly, secure. We
will witness continuous development in IoT due to huge demands in different
sectors.
The goal behind the Internet of things is to have devices that self report in real-
time, improving efficiency and bringing important information to the surface more
quickly than a system depending on human intervention.