Agricultural Economics

Agricultural Economics
Farming
with Waste
Management
Submitted by:
Charie Fuentes Acla
BSBA 3A
Submitted to:
Prof. Sheila Mae A. Clariza
Farming with Waste Management
An agricultural farm consists of numerous

individual enterprises that operate in an integrated
manner such that each component enterprise is
compatible with each other for output products and
input resources. This integration is essential for the
efficient and cost-effective functioning of the farm
sustainably and profitably. Every operation that is
carried out by an agent generates an undesirable and
unavoidable amount of waste, be it in the form of
energy (infrared or radiation of other wavelengths),
solid, liquid or gas. This loss in total output cannot
be avoided as the entropy of a system always increases.
However, the loss in energy, in compliance with
thermodynamic laws can be minimized to some extent or
reused in a different form such that the total energy
investment remains stable without incurring significant
monetary losses. However, losses will still prevail in
an unusable form that cannot be further used. This
problem of waste management is addressed in the
agricultural scenario through various researches that
suggest proper input-output management and realization
of potential linkages between different enterprises to
reduce the number of losses and generate complementary
benefits.
Farm waste comprises of animal waste (cow dung,

horse dung, urine, animal carcass, etc.), crop waste
(leaf litters, corn stalks, paddy straw, husk,
sugarcane bagasse, fruit drops, pruning, etc.),
processing waste, household waste (biodegradable and
non-biodegradable) and hazardous waste (fungicides,
insecticides, and herbicides). However, waste can also
be classified based on its nature of spontaneous
decomposition in the natural environment. They are
biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste.
Biodegradable waste decomposes spontaneously, once it
is released into the environment due to microbial
degradation whereas non-biodegradable does not.
Biodegradable waste comprises animal waste, plant
waste, household waste, and organic pesticides. Non-
biodegradable waste mostly consists of household waste
materials like plastic bags, wrappers, etc.
Waste management system is based on principles and
practices of 4 Rs
1. Reduce: Reduce the number of by-products or

waste material
2. Reuse: Reuse the waste product on the farm or

provide it for others to use
3. Recycle: After proper emphasis on reduction and

reuse as much as possible, go for recycling the waste
material by applying composting techniques and apply it
is crop field as manures as well as plastic waste
should be recycled
4. Recover: Recover methane gas from manure waste
Vermicompost is among the most prominent economic

and eco-friendly bio-fertilizers which not only
increase plant growth, soil fertility and productivity,
quality of agricultural produce but also it reduces
environmental pollution. Nowadays, this technique is
giving extra revenue to farmers and other stakeholders
through the construction of vermi-compost units and
solving the problem of agro-wastes disposal in an eco-
friendly manner (Mane and Raskar 2012).
Pyrolysis is one of the technologies available to

convert biomass to an intermediate liquid product that
can be refined to drop-in hydrocarbon biofuels,
oxygenated fuel additives and petrochemical
replacements. Pyrolysis is the heating of an organic
material, such as biomass, in the absence of oxygen.
A landfill is an engineered pit, in which layers of

solid waste are filled, compacted and covered for final
disposal. It is lined at the bottom to prevent
groundwater pollution. Landfills need expert design as
well as skilled operators and a proper management to
guarantee their functionality. It is carefully designed
structure built into or on top of the ground in which
trash is isolated from the surrounding environment
(groundwater, air, rain).
Incineration is a waste treatment process that

involves the combustion of substances contained in
waste materials. Industrial plants for waste
incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-
energy facilities. Incineration and other high-
temperature waste treatment systems are described as
"thermal treatment". Incineration is a method of
treating waste which involves the combustion of the
organic substances found in waste materials.
Insights
At this day and age, production of agricultural

products has immensely increased in order to provide
nourishment for the total population of an area; even
so, food is still a scarce. In relation, agricultural
waste has also produced alongside it and it is crucial
for the community and the governing body to create ways
to minimize or eliminate such wastes. Firstly,
analyzing and studying a good research relating to
agriculture is always a good step towards innovating
ways for reducing farm waste. Thus, researching about
farming with waste management is a good way to gain
knowledge if we ever decide to undertake farming. It is
both beneficial to the cultivator and the environment
as they are already prepared from the start for the
aftermath from harvesting crops by disposing the farm
waste effectively and efficiently. Ultimately,
practicing waste management ensures sustainability,
compliance with the law as well as the overall health
of the ecosystem.

Agricultural Economics

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Agricultural Economics

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Agricultural Economics

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Agricultural Economics

An agricultural farm consists of numerous

Farm waste comprises of animal waste (cow dung,

1. Reduce: Reduce the number of by-products or

2. Reuse: Reuse the waste product on the farm or

3. Recycle: After proper emphasis on reduction and

4. Recover: Recover methane gas from manure waste

Vermicompost is among the most prominent economic

Pyrolysis is one of the technologies available to

A landfill is an engineered pit, in which layers of

Incineration is a waste treatment process that

At this day and age, production of agricultural

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