TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROBLEM STATEMENT

ABSTRACT

 PHASE-I DESIGN

 INTRODUCTION

 VANE PUMP

 PROTOTYPE DEVELPMENT & TESTING

 DESIGN PARAMETERS

 OPERATING CURVES

 OPERATING MAPS

 REFERENCES

 PHASE-II EXPERIMENT

 RESULT

 CALCULATION

 EFICIENCY CURVES

 BENCHMARKING OF RESULTS

 DISTRIDUTION OF WORK  PHASE-III EVALUATION

 SUMMARY

 LEARNING OUTCOMES

 FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS

 CONCLUSION
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Pumps are essential components in many mechanical systems, used to move fluids
from one place to another. They are widely used in a variety of industries, including
manufacturing, agriculture, and construction. The efficiency of a pump is a critical
factor in determining the overall performance and operating cost of the system. In
this project, you will learn how to design an efficient hydraulic pump by applying
fluid dynamics principles and conducting experiments to optimize its performance.
You will conduct a series of experiments to simulate the flow of fluid in a hydraulic
pump and optimize its design for maximum efficiency. The project will be divided
into three phases: design, experiment, and evaluation.

ABSTRACT
The diaphragm pump is a versatile and efficient device used in various industries for
pumping fluids and gases. This abstract provides a brief overview of the diaphragm
pump, highlighting its principle of operation, advancements, and applications.
Diaphragm pumps utilize a flexible diaphragm to create suction and pressure,
making them suitable for handling corrosive and abrasive substances.
Advancements in materials and design have improved their chemical resistance and
durability. Diaphragm pumps find applications in chemical processing,
pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, wastewater treatment, and oil and gas
industries. They offer precise control, aseptic operation, and are widely used for
metering, transferring, and pumping a wide range of fluids.

PHASE-1 DESIGN
 INTRODUCTION:
The diaphragm pump is a versatile and widely used pumping device that has
revolutionized fluid and gas handling across various industries. With its unique
design and operational principle, the diaphragm pump offers several advantages
over traditional pumping technologies. This introduction provides an overview of
the diaphragm pump, its working principle, and the key reasons for its widespread
application.
The diaphragm pump operates based on the reciprocating action of a flexible
diaphragm. This diaphragm, typically made of rubber or other elastomers, acts as
a barrier between the pumping medium and the driving mechanism. As the
diaphragm moves back and forth, it creates suction on one side and pressure on
the other, effectively pumping fluids or gases through the system.
One of the primary advantages of diaphragm pumps is their ability to handle a
wide range of substances, including corrosive, abrasive, and viscous fluids. The
flexible diaphragm isolates the pumping medium from the driving mechanism,
preventing contamination and ensuring compatibility with various materials. This
makes diaphragm pumps highly versatile and suitable for applications where other
pumping technologies may not be feasible.

 DIAPHRAGM PUMP:
A diaphragm pump is a type of positive displacement pump that utilizes a
flexible diaphragm to move fluids or gases. It is known for its versatile and
reliable performance, making it suitable for a wide range of applications across
various industries.
The diaphragm pump consists of a housing or chamber that contains a flexible
diaphragm, typically made of rubber or elastomer material. The diaphragm is
positioned in such a way that it separates the pumping chamber into two
compartments: the suction side and the discharge side.

When the pump is in operation, the diaphragm undergoes reciprocating motion,

alternating between expanding and contracting. This action creates a vacuum on
the suction side, drawing the fluid or gas into the pump chamber through an inlet
valve. As the diaphragm contracts, it pressurizes the fluid or gas in the chamber,
forcing it out through a discharge valve and into the desired system or application.
The diaphragm itself plays a crucial role in the pump's operation. It acts as a seal
between the two compartments, preventing the fluid or gas from leaking from
one side to the other. The flexible nature of the diaphragm allows it to move back
and forth smoothly, generating the necessary pressure differentials for efficient
pumping.

 DESIGN CONSIDERATION:
When designing a diaphragm pump, several key considerations need to be taken
into account to ensure optimal performance, reliability, and efficiency. The
following are some important design considerations for diaphragm pumps:
Diaphragm Material: The choice of diaphragm material is crucial as it affects the
pump's compatibility with different fluids and its overall durability. Factors such as
chemical resistance, temperature resistance, and flexibility need to be considered
when selecting the diaphragm material. Common materials include rubber,
elastomers, thermoplastics, and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
Diaphragm Shape and Thickness: The shape and thickness of the diaphragm play
a role in the pump's performance. The diaphragm shape should be optimized to
minimize stress concentrations and ensure even distribution of forces during
operation. The thickness of the diaphragm affects its flexibility and ability to create
sufficient pressure differentials. It is essential to strike a balance between
diaphragm thickness and durability while maintaining efficient pumping action.
Check Valve Design: Diaphragm pumps typically use check valves to control the
flow of fluid or gas. The design and selection of check valves are critical to prevent
backflow and maintain optimal pump efficiency. Factors such as valve material,
size, and sealing mechanism should be considered to ensure proper functioning
and minimal pressure losses.

Pump Chamber Design: The design of the pump chamber, including its shape and
volume, influences the pump's flow characteristics, suction capacity, and pressure
generation. The chamber should be designed to minimize flow restrictions and
turbulence, ensuring smooth fluid or gas movement. Optimizing the chamber
volume can improve efficiency and reduce pulsation.
Drive Mechanism: The drive mechanism of a diaphragm pump can vary, including
options such as mechanical linkage, electromagnetic drive, or pneumatic drive.
The selection of the drive mechanism depends on factors like required flow rates,
pressure requirements, speed control, and specific application needs. Each drive
mechanism has its advantages and limitations, so careful consideration is
necessary.
Sealing and Leak Prevention: Diaphragm pumps should be designed with proper
sealing mechanisms to prevent leakage and ensure a tight system. This includes
sealing the diaphragm around the pump chamber and sealing the connections and
fittings. Selecting appropriate sealing materials and techniques is crucial for
maintaining efficient operation and preventing fluid or gas leakage.
Material Compatibility: Diaphragm pumps may come into contact with a wide
range of fluids, including corrosive or abrasive substances. Therefore, it is essential
to consider material compatibility between the pump components, diaphragm,
and the pumped media. Choosing materials that are resistant to chemical attack
and wear can enhance the pump's lifespan and reliability.
By carefully considering these design factors, engineers can develop diaphragm
pumps that meet specific application requirements, ensure efficient and reliable
operation, and provide long-term performance.

 PROTOTYPE DEVELPOMENT & TESTING:

Prototype development and testing are crucial steps in the design process of a
diaphragm pump. They allow engineers to assess the performance, functionality,
and reliability of the pump design before proceeding to full-scale production. Here
are the key steps involved in prototype development and testing for a diaphragm
pump:
Design and Engineering: Begin by creating a detailed design of the diaphragm
pump based on the specific requirements and desired performance
characteristics. Consider factors such as flow rate, pressure requirements,
materials of construction, and intended applications. Utilize computer-aided
design (CAD) software to create a virtual model of the pump.
Prototype Manufacturing: Once the design is finalized, manufacture a physical
prototype of the diaphragm pump. Depending on the complexity and available
resources, this may involve machining, 3D printing, or a combination of
manufacturing techniques. Ensure that the prototype accurately reflects the
design specifications.
Performance Testing: Conduct comprehensive performance testing of the
diaphragm pump prototype. This involves evaluating its flow rate, pressure
generation, suction capacity, efficiency, and other relevant parameters. Utilize test
equipment such as flow meters, pressure gauges, and data acquisition systems to
gather accurate data.
Leakage Testing: Assess the sealing integrity of the diaphragm pump prototype by
conducting leakage tests. Apply pressure to the system and monitor for any signs
of leaks. This can be done through visual inspection, dye penetration testing, or
pressure decay testing.
  DESIGN PARAMETERS:
When designing a diaphragm pump, several important design parameters need to
be considered to ensure optimal performance and functionality. These parameters
include:
Flow Rate: The flow rate is the volume or mass of fluid or gas that the pump can
deliver per unit of time. It is a crucial parameter that determines the pump's
capacity and suitability for a specific application. The desired flow rate should be
determined based on the intended use and system requirements.
Pressure: The pressure parameter refers to the ability of the diaphragm pump to
generate and maintain the required pressure level to move the fluid or gas
through the system. The maximum operating pressure should be carefully
determined to ensure that the pump can handle the pressure demands of the
application without compromising safety or efficiency.
Material Selection: Diaphragm pumps come into contact with various fluids and
gases, including corrosive, abrasive, or reactive substances. The selection of
appropriate materials for the diaphragm, pump chamber, valves, and other
components is crucial to ensure compatibility, chemical resistance, and longevity.
Factors such as temperature range, fluid characteristics, and environmental
conditions should be considered when selecting suitable materials.
Diaphragm Design: The design of the diaphragm itself is an essential parameter
that affects the pump's performance. Considerations include the shape, thickness,
and material flexibility of the diaphragm. The diaphragm design should allow for
efficient transfer of motion, create sufficient pressure differentials, and have the
necessary durability and resistance to deformation.
Valve Design: The design and selection of valves in a diaphragm pump are critical
for controlling the flow of fluid or gas. Considerations include valve type (check
valves, ball valves, etc.), valve material, valve size, and sealing mechanisms. Proper
valve design ensures effective pumping action, prevents backflow, and minimizes
pressure losses.
Efficiency: Efficiency is an important parameter to consider when designing a
diaphragm pump. It relates to the ability of the pump to convert the input energy
into useful work, minimizing losses and maximizing output. Optimizing factors
such as internal clearances, valve performance, and minimizing flow restrictions
can improve pump efficiency.
Noise and Vibration: Noise and vibration levels are important parameters,
especially in applications where noise reduction is crucial, or vibration can affect
the surrounding equipment or environment. Design considerations may include
incorporating dampening materials, balancing components, or employing isolation
techniques to minimize noise and vibration levels.

Component Material Thickness (mm) Flexibility Chemical Resistance

Diaphragm Nitrile Rubber 2 Flexible Good

Pump Chamber Stainless Steel - - Excellent

Inlet Valve PVC - - Good

Outlet Valve Brass - - Excellent

Sealing Gasket Silicone 1 Flexible Excellent

Drive Mechanism Aluminum Alloy - - Good

  OPERATING CURVE:
Operating curves for a diaphragm pump typically include:

 Flow Rate versus Pressure (Head) Curve: This curve shows how the flow
rate of the pumped fluid changes with varying pressure (or head). It
illustrates the pump's ability to deliver fluid at different pressures, indicating
the pump's performance range.

 Power Consumption versus Flow Rate Curve: This curve represents the
power consumed by the diaphragm pump as a function of the flow rate. It
helps in understanding the energy requirements of the pump at different
flow rates and provides insights into the pump's efficiency.
These operating curves are crucial for understanding the performance
characteristics of a diaphragm pump and are often provided by manufacturers to
assist in pump selection and system design.

Aspect Description

Design Diaphragm pumps feature a reciprocating diaphragm mechanism.

Capacity Typically available in various capacities ranging from X to Y.

 Compatible with a wide range of fluids, including liquids and certain
gases. It may not be suitable for highly corrosive or abrasive
substances. It's important to consult the pump's specifications for
Fluid specific fluid compatibility information.
Compatibility

Generally low maintenance due to the absence of dynamic seals. The

diaphragm may need occasional replacement due to wear. Routine
inspections and cleaning are recommended.
Maintenance

Diaphragm pumps offer high efficiency, with good volumetric

efficiency and minimal energy loss. Actual efficiency may vary based
on pump design and operating conditions.
Efficiency

Diaphragm pumps tend to operate quietly, producing lower noise

levels compared to other pump types. However, noise levels can still
vary based on the specific pump model and operating conditions.
Noise
 PHASE-II EXPERIMENT
 RESULTS:

Sr.no Rpm Torque Pressure Pressure Flow Power

1 2 Rate

1- 15 2.6 4.7 25.3 76

2- 33 2.67 4.8 14.4 88

3- 61 2.7 4.9 12.2 88

4- 92 3.0 5.4 12.1 108

5- 120 3.1 6.2 14.3 136

6- 152 4.1 7.1 19.1 165

7- 180 5.4 8.0 20 199

8- 211 6.3 9.2 23.1 236

9- 243 7.9 14.1 26.6 271

10- 271 8.1 16.5 29.6 302

11- 302 8.1 18.9 33.6 350

12- 333 8.9 19 37.2 402

13- 361 9.5 19.5 40.7 458

14- 389 12.5 22.5 44.1 520

15- 421 13.4 24.3 47.4 590

16- 452 15.6 26.9 50.4 665
 17- 483 17.5 28.9 52.6 720

18- 511 18.9 30.0 54.5 791

 CALCULATION:
Efficiency = 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Here we have assumed the input power of 415 W
Given that the input power is 415 W, we can calculate the efficiency for each RPM
using the provided power output values:
According to our manual: DIAPHRAGM PUMP
Max Flow 19 (71.92 LPM)
Max Head: 290 (20 bar)
Max Rpm: 550

 GRAPHS:
 PHASE 3 EVALUATION:
 SUMMARY:
A diaphragm pump is a versatile and efficient type of positive displacement pump
that is widely used in various industries. It operates using a reciprocating
diaphragm mechanism, which creates alternating pressure differentials to draw in
and discharge fluids or gases. These pumps are compatible with a wide range of
fluids, making them suitable for diverse applications. While they may not be ideal
for highly corrosive or abrasive substances, diaphragm pumps excel at handling
fluids containing solids or delicate materials due to their gentle pumping action.
One of the advantages of diaphragm pumps is their low maintenance
requirements. With the absence of dynamic seals, they are less prone to leaks and
wear, reducing the need for frequent repairs. However, the diaphragm itself may
need occasional replacement over time. Regular inspections and cleaning are
recommended to ensure optimal performance.
Diaphragm pumps are known for their efficiency, delivering consistent flow rates
regardless of changes in discharge pressure. Their high volumetric efficiency
ensures reliable and accurate fluid transfer. Moreover, these pumps operate
quietly, producing lower noise levels compared to other pump types. This makes
them suitable for applications where noise reduction is important.
Diaphragm pumps find extensive use in industries such as chemical processing,
pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, wastewater treatment, and automotive.
Their ability to handle various fluids and their gentle pumping action make them
well-suited for tasks that require precision and reliability. Whether it's transferring
liquids or gases, diaphragm pumps provide a reliable and efficient pumping
solution for a wide range of industrial applications.

 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Here are some simplified learning outcomes for diaphragm pumps:

 Understanding how diaphragm pumps work and transfer fluids or

gases.
 Identifying the types of fluids compatible with diaphragm pumps.
 Learning about maintenance procedures and the importance of
inspections.
 Analyzing the efficiency of diaphragm pumps and how it relates to
flow rate.
 Exploring strategies to reduce noise produced by diaphragm pumps.
 Recognizing the diverse applications of diaphragm pumps in different
industries.
  CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, diaphragm pumps are versatile and efficient devices that offer
reliable fluid or gas transfer in various industries. With their reciprocating
diaphragm mechanism, they provide a gentle pumping action suitable for handling
fluids containing solids or delicate materials. Diaphragm pumps are compatible
with a wide range of fluids and exhibit low maintenance requirements due to the
absence of dynamic seals. They operate quietly and offer good efficiency with
consistent flow rates.