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SECTION A

1 The diagram shows the structure of a simple hydrocarbon and the products of two of its
reactions.

Which structures are named correctly?

2 Which row describes the formation of a polymer?

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3 Ethanol can be formed by

1 fermentation

2 reaction between steam and ethene

Which of these processes uses a catalyst?

4 Which homologous series is not represented in the compounds shown below

A alcohols

B alkanes

C alkenes

D carboxylic acids

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5 Alkenes are manufactured by cracking hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.

Which row describes the size of the molecules in hydrocarbons P and Q and the effect of

Q on aqueous bromine?

6 Which statement about alkane molecules is correct?

A They burn in oxygen.

B They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

C They contain double bonds.

D They contain ionic bonds.

7 The structures of four organic compounds are shown.

Which statement is not correct?

A Only one of the compounds is an alcohol.

B Only one of the compounds is an alkane.

C Only one of the compounds is unsaturated.

D Only three of the compounds are hydrocarbons.

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8 Ethene, propene and butene are all members of the same homologous series.

Which statement explains why ethene, propene and butene have similar chemical

properties?

A They all have the same functional group.

B They are all gases at room temperature.

C They are all hydrocarbons.

D They are all organic.

9 Which statement describes the compound shown below?

A It is a colourless flammable gas.

B It is a liquid which decolourises bromine water.

C It is a liquid with a characteristic smell.

D It is formed when ethane reacts with steam.

10 Increasing the number of atoms in one molecule of a hydrocarbon increases the amount

of energy released when it burns.

What is the correct order?

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11 Which statement about alkenes is not correct?

A The functional group is C=C.

B The structural difference between one member and the next is – CH3 –.

C They form a homologous series.

D They turn aqueous bromine from brown to colourless.

12 The diagram shows a reaction sequence.

Which row names the processes X, Y and Z?

13 The main constituent of natural gas is hydrocarbon X.

To which homologous series does X belong and how many atoms are in one molecule of

X?

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14 The equation shows an industrial process.

What is the name of compound X?

A ethane

B ethanoic acid

C ethanol

D methanol

15 Alkenes are manufactured by cracking hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.

Which row describes the process of cracking?

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16 X, Y and Z are three hydrocarbons.

X CH2=CH2 Y CH3–CH=CH2 Z CH3–CH2–CH=CH2

What do compounds X, Y and Z have in common?

1 They are all alkenes.

2 They are all part of the same homologous series.

3 They all have the same boiling point.

A 1, 2 and 3

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 2 and 3 only

17 Which statements about ethanol are correct?

1 It can be made by fermentation.

2 It is an unsaturated compound.

3 It burns in air and can be used as a fuel.

A 1, 2 and 3

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 2 and 3 only

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18 The diagram shows some properties of two organic compounds X and Y.

What are X and Y?

19 A carbohydrate such as starch can be represented as shown.

What is X?

A carbon

B hydrogen

C nitrogen

D oxygen

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20 The table gives some statements about some macromolecules.

Which pairs of statements are correct?

A 1 and 2 only

B 2 and 3 only

C 3 and 4

D 1, 2 and 3

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SECTION B

1 Two homologous series of hydrocarbons are the alkanes and the alkenes.

(a) (i) How can the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon show whether it is an alkane or

an alkene?

....................................................................................................................................

……........................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) How do alkanes and alkenes differ in their molecular structures?

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The complete combustion of an alkane gives carbon dioxide and water.

(ii) Why is the incomplete combustion of any alkane dangerous, particularly in an

enclosed space?

………………………………………………………………………………………………......

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

2 The alcohols form a homologous series.

(a) (i) Give three characteristics which all members of a homologous series share.

.....................................................................................................................................

…..................................................................................................................................

…..................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]

(ii) Give the name of the third member of this series.

name ………………………………………………………........................................... [1]

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(b) Explain why the following two alcohols are isomers.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) This question is based on typical reactions of ethanol.

(i) When ethanol, CH3–CH2–OH, is passed over the catalyst silicon(IV) oxide, water is

lost.

Deduce the name and the structural formula of the organic product in this reaction.

name ……………………………………………………………..........................................

structural formula

[2]

(ii) Suggest the name of the ester formed from ethanol and butanoic acid.

................................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Ethanol is oxidised by acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Deduce the name and the structural formula of the organic product in this reaction.

name ……………………………………………………………........................................

structural formula

[2]

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3 The alcohols form a homologous series.

The first five members are given in the table below.

(i) Complete the table. [2]

(ii) Complete the equation for the combustion of pentan-1-ol in excess oxygen.

C5H11OH + .......O2 → ..................... + ..................... [3]

4 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are both hydrocarbons.

(i) How does the structure of alkenes differ from the structure of alkanes?

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Is the straight-chain hydrocarbon C22H44 an alkane or an alkene?

Explain your choice.

......................................................................................................................................

….............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Describe how you could distinguish between pentane and pentene.

test ...............................................................................................................................

result with pentane .......................................................................................................

result with pentene ...................................................................................................[3]

(b) Alkenes polymerise to form poly(alkenes).

(i) The alkene 1,1-dichloroethene has the structural formula given below.

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Draw the structural formula of the polymer formed by the polymerisation of

1,1-dichloroethene, up to 3 units.

[3]

(ii) The structural formula of a different polymer is given below.

Deduce the structural formula of the monomer used to form this polymer.

[2]

(iii) There are two types of polymerisation - addition and condensation.

Explain the difference between them.

…...................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

….............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iv) There are two types of condensation polymer.

Give the name of one type of condensation polymer.

......................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. [1]

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5 Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Two of the processes carried out in an oil refinery are fractional distillation of petroleum

and cracking of hydrocarbon fractions.

(a) Which property of hydrocarbons is used to separate petroleum into fractions?

…………………………………………..…………………………………………………… [1]

(b) Match the fractions on the left with their uses on the right.

The first one has been done for you.

[2]

(c) Cracking is used to break down long chained alkanes into shorter chained alkanes and

alkenes.

(i) State two conditions needed for cracking.

1.

…................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The hydrocarbon, C10H22, can be cracked to make hexene and one other

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hydrocarbon.

Complete the equation for this reaction.

C10H22 → C6H12 + .............. [1]

(iii) Draw the full structure of hexene showing all atoms and bonds.

[1]

(d) State the name of the polymer formed from hexene.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

6 (a) Synthetic polymers are disposed of in landfill sites and by burning.

(i) Describe two problems caused by the disposal of synthetic polymers in landfill sites.

......................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Describe one problem caused by burning synthetic polymers.

................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State two uses of synthetic polymers.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The structural formulae of two synthetic polymers are given below.

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(i) Draw the structural formula of the monomer of polymer A.

[2]

(ii) Identify the functional group circled in polymer B.

................................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Deduce the two types of organic compound which have reacted to form polymer B.

.......................................................... and.............................................................. [2]

7 A sandwich contains three of the main constituents of food.

(a) (i) These constituents of food can be hydrolysed by boiling with acid or alkali.
Complete the table.

(ii) What type of synthetic polymer contains the same linkage as

fats, ………………………………………………….......................................................

proteins? ……………………………………………….............................................. [2]

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(b) Two macromolecules have the same amide linkage.

Nylon, a synthetic polymer, has the following structure.

How are they different?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(c) Butter contains mainly saturated fats. Fats based on vegetable oils, such as olive oil,
contain mainly unsaturated fats.
Fats can be hydrolysed by boiling with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Name the products of hydrolysis of fats

…………………………………………… and ……………………………………………. [2]

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8 The structure of an organic compound X is

(a) What is the molecular formula of compound X?

..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) What is the empirical formula of compound X?

….…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(c) (i) To which homologous series does compound X belong?

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Name another compound that belongs to the same homologous series as

compound X.

……………………………………………….…………………………………………… [1]

(d) (i) Name two products formed when compound X completely burns in air

1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2 ………………………………………………………………………….………………….

(ii) What other type of reaction can compound X undergo?

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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