8th LuCE Report 2023
8th LuCE Report 2023
8th LuCE Report 2023
ON LUNG CANCER
November 2023
Coordinated by:
Publication date:
November 2023
www.lungcancereurope.eu
info@lungcancereurope.eu
8 th
LuCE REPORT
ON LUNG CANCER
Financial impact of lung cancer:
A European perspective
November 2023
The financial implications of lung cancer are far-reaching and multifaceted. From the
immediate costs of medical treatment and medications to the long-term financial
consequences of reduced income, increased expenses, a lung cancer diagnosis can place
immense strain on individuals and families. It is a stark reminder that the burden of this
disease extends beyond the medical arena and into the realm of financial stability and
security.
The report delves into the various facets of the financial impact of lung cancer, seeking
to shed light on the challenges faced by those on this difficult journey. We examine the
costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care, as well as the toll it takes
on employment, income, and the ability to access necessary resources. But the report is
not just about highlighting the challenges; it also offers insights into potential solutions
and avenues for support.
3. RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................... 18
4. CALL-TO-ACTION ....................................................................................................................... 52
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 53
8. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 66
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:
Number of responses: 31
FEB - MAR 2023 Objective: To design an online survey aimed at people impacted
by lung cancer.
Literature review
Method: Search of databases, mainly PubMed®. Publications
were limited to the English language. References are provided at
the end of this report.
MAR - JUL 2023 Designed by Fundación MÁS QUE IDEAS (Spain) and reviewed
by the LuCE Report Working Group.
Online survey:
Development and Self-filled online survey via the SurveyMonkey® platform.
dissemination
Anonymous survey without questions relating to personal or
identifiable information.
The survey was active from May 26th until July 5th, 2023. It was
disseminated through the communication channels of LuCE and
its members.
JUL - OCT 2023 A quality control check of the data was performed to identify and
remove invalid answers (i.e., incomplete surveys and responses
Data analysis from outside the WHO European region).
All data was combined to create a draft of this report which was
reviewed by the LuCE Report Working Group.
The total number of survey participants was 1,161: 834 people diagnosed with lung
cancer (71.8%) and 327 people caring for someone with lung cancer (28.2%). The number
of responses per question varies because most questions were not mandatory.
The most relevant research limitations were female over-representation (76.5%), and the
underrepresentation of those older than 64 (22.2%).
Tumour biomarker
Stage at diagnosis
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
Financial toxicity is the negative impact of the cost of care on financial well-being. People
impacted by lung cancer face high out-of-pocket expenses associated with medical care, which
is not covered or reimbursed by government or insurers. Apart from medical costs, other factors
contributing to this financial hardship include non-medical and indirect costs.
Buying
Most participants live in countries where there is a public health
personal
items for lung system that covers treatment and care*. However, even in countries
cancer is the with universal healthcare, additional out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses
most frequent
medical cost are commonplace1.
People diagnosed with lung cancer and caregivers can incur different cancer-related
expenses which cause financial hardship. Three out of 4 (73.5%) had paid some medical
related expenses because of lung cancer. Most participants had experienced costs for
personal items such as dressings, bandages, and creams (72.3%), pharmaceutical bills
(63.2%) and hospital bills (56.3%).
PEOPLE WITH
ALL PARTICIPANTS CAREGIVERS
LUNG CANCER
*
Mentioned by 69.3%. Another 20.4% also mentioned it but stated that some co-payments and fees existed.
Testing 58.5%
75.5% 65.4%
Table 2 shows the highest non-medical cost reported was travel and transport for care,
tests, and treatments (83.7%) followed by household utility bills such as telephone or
heating (77.3%).
It is notable that caregivers reported more costs than people with lung cancer in all
domains. The greatest difference was found in expenses related to dependent care,
where 60.8% of caregivers reported concerns vs. 25.2% of patients. The second largest
difference was observed in home modifications and adaptions (48.3% vs. 28.5%).
PEOPLE WITH
ALL PARTICIPANTS CAREGIVERS
LUNG CANCER
Both people with lung cancer and caregivers selected household utility bills as
the highest non-medical expenditure (Figure 2). However, there were significant
differences between the two groups. Caregivers reported the cost of caring for
other family members as significant much more frequently than patients (82.0%
vs. 53.1%). This situation was also observed in expenses associated with the home
setting. These included homecare (75.8% vs. 58.3%) and expenses associated with
home modifications imposed by the disease (74.0% vs. 53.6%).
66.4%
61.5%
may experience varied levels of income
38.5%
33.6%
reduction, mainly because of salary loss3.
Once again, results show differences between countries. The highest income loss (over
30%) was reported by people from Ukraine (82.2%) and Italy (66.7%). In contrast, people
from Spain (31.6%) and France (39.1%) were the least likely to report losses above 30%
compared to the financial situation before the diagnosis. The reasons for these differences
could be due to better income replacement programmes funded through social welfare
systems by individual governments4.
34.9%
30.5%
26.4%
Not sure: 4.1% 22.0%
18.2%
17.7%
16.8%
16.4%
4.6%
4.3%
Less than 10% 10% - 20% 20% - 30% 30% - 40% More than 40%
Repercussions on financial income are mainly related to employment. Patients and family
members are often unable to maintain full employment, often deciding to reduce working
hours or quitting their jobs as a consequence of the disease, either directly or through
caregiving4. Even if most countries in Europe provide paid sick leave, these compensation
benefits are frequently provided only for a limited time5, or are insufficient to cope with
daily expenses. Literature suggests that some contributors to financial toxicity are
reduced ability to work, limitations in working hours or the type of jobs accessible, and
reduced wages because of cancer6.
As illustrated in Table 3, 1 out of 4 identified the inability to work as one of the reasons
for the decrease in income. The next most cited reasons were work absences (27.9%) and
retirement due to illness (26.8%). The impact of cancer on employment increases financial
hardships and reduces the quality of life of people with lung cancer and their families7.
Previous evidence has shown that employed individuals are at greater risk of suffering
financial stress after diagnosis, since they are more likely to experience a significant drop
in income8.
Increased household expenses and reduced income are negative impacts of lung cancer.
However, some people did not find that the financial burden resulted in hardship. Personal
situations, context, perception, and capacity to cope influence how much distress each person
feels from these changes3.
Financial hardship relates not only to the quantifiable impact, but also to the perceived
distress that people experience because of the costs associated with care and treatment.
19.9%
18.6%
17.6%
16.7%
14.5%
8.1%
26.2%
20.1%
19.1%
16.6%
15.4%
13.0%
10.7%
9.2%
8.4%
8.0%
4.9%
Easy 18.0%
11.2% 16.1%
Neutral 37.4%
35.7% 36.9%
Difficulties living on the current household income was more frequently reported
by people with lower income levels prior to diagnosis. A total of 73.7% of survey
respondents who were not able to meet their monthly expenses before diagnosis
confirmed that they were experiencing difficulties at the time of completing this survey.
This percentage fell to 30.3% in the group with higher income status at baseline*.
Time from diagnosis is also a predictor of higher risk to experience economic difficulties.
The more recent the diagnosis was, the more difficult it was for patients to live on their
income. A total of 45.5% of patients diagnosed less than 1 year ago admitted having
difficulties, compared with 25.4% of those diagnosed more than 5 years ago. In people
who finish cancer treatment, evidence suggests that the financial burden decreases in
the months to years after cancer treatment is completed10. However, increased costs may
persist even years after diagnosis11. They reach a maximum during the last year of life12.
*
Participants who responded `I was able to meet my monthly expenses´ before lung cancer diagnosis (see Table 4)
According to people who reported these problems (n=522), house expenses (49.4%) and
travel costs to hospitals (39.8%) were the most difficult expenses to pay. The greatest
difference between people with lung cancer and caregivers was related to hospital and
medical bills: caregivers found them much more difficult to pay than patients (46.6% vs.
27.9%).
Have you had difficulties paying for expenses related to lung cancer?
(n = 818 people with LC / n = 324 caregivers)
Most respondents (64.7%) had been forced to reduce their household expenses to deal
with expenses after their lung cancer diagnosis. People surveyed reported life changes to
adapt to the situation such as cutting down leisure activity (47.6%). This was more often
reported by caregivers than patients (54.0% vs. 45.1%). Additionally, around 1 out of 3
participants also mentioned that they needed to change plans (37.0%) and reduce basic
spending, like clothes, education, or food (36.8%).
Have you made any of the following financial adjustments to reduce your
household expenses after the lung cancer diagnosis?
(n = 823 people with LC / n = 324 caregivers)
I moved to a smaller and cheaper apartment. Because of the limited financial resources,
all social life has been left out. I can’t afford anything or going anywhere on vacation. I
can’t participate in any social activities with friends due to lack of money.
(Patient from Finland)
I went back to live with my mother. This allowed me to be in balance with my monthly
expenses. My income is very low with sick leave. (Patient from France)
Have you made any of the following financial adjustments after the lung
cancer diagnosis? (n = 796 people with LC / n = 312 caregivers)
After the diagnosis, cancer treatment We have already sold all our
may be the only destination of property, we are left without a home,
my savings. For the rest of my life. there is no way out. (Caregiver from
(Patient from Finland) Ukraine)
Costs associated with lung cancer and some financial adjustments may bring an increase
in the level of debt.
Our data shows that 1 out of 4 people surveyed stated that their debt level increased
after the lung cancer diagnosis.
According to literature, people with cancer are 2.65 times more likely to go bankrupt than
people without cancer14, and this is a risk factor for early mortality7.
Yes
Has your debt level 26.9%
increased after lung No
cancer diagnosis? 54.0%
(n = 974 participants: both Neutral
people with LC and caregivers) 19.1%
A total of 19.9% of people surveyed had participated (or their loved one had) in a clinical
trial. From a total of 198 people, 16.2% experienced higher financial distress because of
their participation in the trial (Figure 10). Once again, our data suggests that caregivers
experience higher economic impact.
Even if this impact affects only a minority of people, trial participation should never result
in a financial burden for patients and families. Costs related to trial participation are a
barrier and influence patient decisions17. As a result, patients with lower income are
less likely to participate in clinical trials18 . This is so relevant that the American Society
of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) made a policy statement addressing financial barriers to
patient participation in clinical trials. ASCO encouraged targeted financial support, and
transparency regarding the costs of trial involvement19.
No
76.3%
According to our research, predictors of higher financial hardship are lack of full public
healthcare coverage, low income at baseline, caregiving, being diagnosed less than one
year ago, being a young patient and country of residence.
> 20% income to pay lung cancer High impact of financial difficulties
expenses reported
54.1% 53.0%
(This falls to 26.0% among (This falls to 20.0% among
Low income at
people who were able to meet people who were able to meet
baseline
their monthly expenses before their monthly expenses before
diagnosis.) diagnosis.)
36.5%
50.8%
(This falls to 18.8% among
Caregiving (This falls to 24.1% among people
people diagnosed with lung
diagnosed with lung cancer.)
cancer.)
45.1% 34.4%
Recent diagnosis (This falls to 26.2% among (This falls to 23.4% among
(less than 1 year ago) people diagnosed more than one people diagnosed more than one
year ago.) year ago.)
31.1% 30.3%
Young patients
(This falls to 19.8% among those (This falls to 17.8% among those
(less than 55)
older than 54.) older than 54.)
Data from our research suggests associations between financial hardship and country of
residence, being much higher in Eastern European countries (Table 8).
> 20% income to pay lung cancer High impact of financial difficulties
expenses reported
Financial difficulties are common for those diagnosed with lung cancer. Repercussions are
complex and multidimensional, and ripple out from the person with lung cancer throughout
the family. The economic consequences are over and above the direct impacts on health and
well-being from the disease itself.
Previous research has shown that there is association between higher financial stress
and worse quality of life in people impacted by cancer21. In order to explore the health
repercussions of financial stress, the following questions were only asked to those people
who reported, at least, a little bit of financial difficulties*.
Mental health 88.4% pointed out that, at least, one sphere of their lives was
and lifestyle were negatively affected by economic repercussions. The impact on daily
reported as the
most negatively lives is an additional burden to individual wellbeing. In the literature,
affected areas the impact on daily lives of financial toxicity is defined in terms of
from financial
distress psychosocial costs22.
The main repercussions reported by people surveyed were in mental health (67.5%)
and lifestyle and social activities (59.0%). Literature suggests that financial toxicity in
cancer is associated with increased psychosocial distress12 and psychological symptoms
like depression23. Emotional repercussions and financial difficulties affect the lifestyle
of people impacted by lung cancer. As Table 9 shows, almost half of participants (47.6%)
stated that they had forgone or reduced spending on leisure activities.
Participants with high impact of economic repercussions rated poorer health across all
dimensions, compared with those with low financial hardship, especially on spirituality
(65.8% vs. 12.3%), physical well-being (58.8% vs. 16.9%), and family (57.6% vs. 17.6%)*.
Our research suggests that a substantial number of people impacted by lung cancer are
at high risk of financial vulnerability. This has a great impact on their well-being, fiscal
security, and overall health24. Therefore, there is a need to identify these people as early
as possible and offer multidisciplinary care and longitudinal follow-up.
Family and
future earning
Worries about financial repercussions are common in people
potential are the impacted by lung cancer with some type of economic difficulty:
main financial
91.4% experienced psychosocial repercussions (Figure 11).
concerns
The most frequent worry was related to their families (61.8%) followed by the impact on
future earning potential (51.0%). Once again, social life was identified as an important
psychosocial impact of economic difficulties and half of respondents had fewer social
relationships and activities (48.1%).
Participants pointed out different reasons to explain why their personal finances may
interfere with their care journey. Most frequent issues were: costs of treatments,
logistics, diagnosis, healthcare, supportive services, and quality of life.
31.4%
22.9%
22.5%
21.2%
20.6%
19.6%
17.4%
16.1%
16.1%
12.3%
Logistics
Diagnosis
Supportive services
Not all the needs of a cancer patient The reduced financial capacity
are covered by public healthcare. You did not allow for good
have to look yourself for nutritionists, psychology and care in private
psychologists, additional doctors. settings. (Caregiver from Greece)
(Patient from Spain)
Lack of money for supportive treatments for recovery and processing (physical
therapy, nutritional counselling, psychotherapy). (Caregiver from Germany)
Quality of life
You can’t buy enough good food, hygiene products and you don’t have
money for physical therapy, etc. (Patient from Finland)
Delaying or forgoing supportive services was the most frequently selected treatment
sacrifice reported (14.1 %) but financial difficulties go even further, significantly impacting
other areas of people’s treatment and medical appointments (Figure 13).
People experiencing high financial difficulties reported greater difficulties across all
domains: delaying/forgoing supportive services (19.9% vs. 5.6%), treatment or medication
(14.9% vs. 0.5%) and medical appointments (12.8% vs. 1.1%), declining seeing a specialist
(15.8 % vs. 2.7%), and skipping or discontinuing medication (7.6 % vs. 0.8%).
Have you ever made any of the following decisions because of financial
difficulties? (n = 817 people with LC / n = 320 caregivers)
FIGURE 13. Decisions made due to financial difficulties and its repercussions on health.
*
Comparison between high impact (quite a bit / very much) and no or low impact (not at all / a little bit) of financial
difficulties (Figure 5).
Many survey respondents (with or without financial difficulties) stated that their personal
finances impacted their access to healthcare (Figure 14). A substantial number of people
impacted by lung cancer considered that their personal finances influenced their
access to supportive services (40.5%), early or rapid diagnosis (38.6%) and innovative
treatments or medicines (35.0%).
These barriers were reported more commonly by people experiencing high economic
repercussions than those with low or no financial difficulties, especially in relation to
access to innovative treatments (60.3% vs. 24.1%) and clinical trials (45.3% vs. 14.1%).
Healthcare and social services as well the netherlands pharmaceutical industry should
provide more assistance with this.
Our research has found some differences in how people perceive their financial situation
as a barrier to accessing diagnosis, care, and treatment. Table 10 shows that caregivers
reported higher access barriers than people diagnosed with lung cancer. In addition,
the information provided in table 11 indicates that there are differences by country.
Participants from Eastern Europe reported higher barriers in the disease journey because
of economic reasons.
We need the implementation of policies designed to offset the burden of direct medical
costs, especially among people with low socio-economic status or those living in countries
with very limited access to innovative diagnostic tests and treatments.
NETHERLANDS
DENMARK
KINGDOM
GERMANY
UKRAINE
FINLAND
CROATIA
POLAND
FRANCE
GREECE
UNITED
SPAIN
ITALY
THE
Access to
supportive 58.8% 70.0% 59.0% 50.0% 28.6% 31.8% 37.5% 38.5% 20.2% 34.8% 37.3% 15.8%
services
Access
to early
63.5% 70.0% 47.4% 38.1% 44.4% 39.1% 29.3% 15.8% 29.6% 14.5% 16.4% 23.7%
or rapid
diagnosis
Access to
innovative 94.3% 40.0% 53.7% 23.4% 31.8% 20.8% 19.1% 25.6% 21.4% 13.0% 13.4% 5.3%
treatments
Access to
65.4% 50.0% 43.6% 21.9% 27.0% 9.1% 14.6% 14.3% 6.1% 11.6% 6.0% 2.6%
clinical trials
*
National comparisons were performed only when there were more than 24 participants per country.
Even when financial distress negatively affects the quality of life of people impacted by lung
cancer, there is still a lack of resources and services available to address these needs. There are
very few options, even in countries where there is economic help or extensive social coverage,
these resources are limited, often insufficient, and frequently unknown28.
Our research suggests that financial toxicity is common among people impacted by lung
cancer, and it impacts the individual and household socioeconomic stability. In fact,
only 39.5% of participants stated that there were benefits for people with cancer in
their country. It is remarkable that 4 out of 10 (39.2%) stated that financial grants or
assistance for patients were not available in their country and another 21.3% did not
know if these existed (Figure 15).
The data on benefits for caregivers is even more worrisome (Figure 16). While caregivers
also experience significant financial strain, they report a lack of access to and knowledge
about specific caregiver support, in our survey we found that only 1 out of 4 participants
(26.6%) knew about specific caregiver benefits. It is surprising to find that 46.7% of
caregivers were not aware of caregiver benefits in their countries, and a further 26.7%
reported that there was no financial support available for caregivers.
One of the issues may be that some caregivers do not see themselves as someone who
should receive help and therefore may not have considered applying for benefits29.
Are there public financial benefits Are there public financial benefits
for people diagnosed with cancer in for caregivers in your country?
your country? (n = 708 people with LC / n = 278 caregivers)
(n = 711 people with LC / n = 279 caregivers)
Yes
Yes 26.6%
No I don´t
39.5%
39.2% know
46.7%
No
I don´t know
26.7%
21.3%
This data suggests that even when financial supports exist, accessing them is not
always feasible or they may be insufficient. Strict eligibility criteria or difficulties to
pursue the application are barriers to accessing these benefits30. Improving access to
financial support is an urgent need, as patients and families may also feel overwhelmed,
intimidated, or embarrassed about seeking benefits for illness purposes31.
Financial challenges are pushing people impacted by lung cancer to seek support in
personal and private circles. Almost 1 out of 3 participants (30.4%) had asked for
financial or other material assistance from loved ones and 13.0% had contacted private
organisations to help address their economic needs.
More help means more If you apply for something, for example
health and less spending in a PGB or mobility scooter, you have to
the medium and long term. wait months for an interview. In the end
(Patient from Spain) I bought it myself. (Caregiver from The
Netherlands)
Employer / Workplace
However, a great majority of participants had never, or barely, talked about financial
concerns with their healthcare teams (Figure 18). In fact, 28.7% had ever discussed
finances, and only a small percentage (5.7%) did it frequently. According to literature,
some of the reasons for this stems from the stigma around discussing money, and the
perception that alleviating financial burden is not the duty of healthcare teams32.
ALL PARTICIPANTS
Somewhat 6.0%
8.0% 6.6%
FIGURE 18. Talking with the healthcare team about financial issues.
Among those experiencing high financial Have you ever talked with a social
impact, we observe a higher proportion of worker or someone from social
access to these services (52.1%). services about your financial
situation?
Worryingly, our findings show that nearly (n = 485 people with LC / n = 235 caregivers)
half (47.9%) of those reporting high
economic impact of lung cancer were
not supported by social services or social
workers.
Yes
17.4%
Support for healthcare costs is a priority for people surveyed. Half of respondents
reported healthcare costs as the most needed area for financial support. Even in countries
with public health care systems that cover lung cancer treatment and care, the nature
and extension of public support varies widely. Of note, the countries where participants
reported a greater need for assistance were Ukraine (96.4%), Finland (81.3%), and Poland
(72.2%).
It is worth noting that caregivers prioritised access to benefits for caregivers as their
second priority. This is consistent with data obtained by the Eurobarometer survey that
explored preferences on public contributions to helping caregivers. According to the
Eurobarometer (2012), financial remuneration for caregiving is the most important
support for family caregivers34. This measure was also highly reported by participants
from Spain (44.6%) and Italy (42.9%).
Cancer patients who are self-employed should have an annuity such that they
can live and still be able to keep the business open for a future retirement.
(Patient from Italy)
We are passionate about working together to drive the change needed to improve lung
cancer outcomes, and this is only possible through the support of many individuals
committed to amplifying our voices, for people impacted by lung cancer.
We want to start by giving a special thank you to the 1,161 people who completed our
survey. This is the highest number we have ever obtained. Thank you for sharing your
experiences and concerns on such a sensitive topic.
Our thanks to the LuCE members involved in this report, who reviewed the survey and
translations, and disseminated it in their countries. We are very grateful that our members
recognise the value of working together at the European level to face the challenges that
we all share.
Thank you very much to the people involved in the LuCE Report Working Group:
Anne-Marie Baird (Working Group chair), Yvonne Diaz, Sabine Hatzfeld, Merel Hennink,
Erika Pataki and Diego Villalón. Our sincere gratitude for sharing your time and experience
throughout this project.
We also want to give a special thank you to Fundación MÁS QUE IDEAS for their
continued support. This report would not have been possible without the key role they
played in bringing this to fruition.
Lastly, we would like to thank all of the organisations that provide support to LuCE.
Thank you for your commitment to people impacted by lung cancer: Amgen, AstraZeneca,
Bayer, BluePrint Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo,
Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, MSD, Novartis, NovoCure, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi,
Takeda and Thermo Fisher.
Our vision
All Europeans (patients, families and caregivers) impacted by lung cancer will have equity
in access to optimal care so that they have the best possible outcomes and quality of life.
Our mission
LuCE is the voice of Europeans impacted by lung cancer. We collaborate with members
and other stakeholders to destigmatise the disease and ensure that those impacted by
lung cancer get the care they need to achieve the best possible outcomes. We empower
members to ensure strong and effective lung cancer patient advocacy across Europe.
Meet our team:
Board members
Executive Team
LuCE provides a platform for organisations and individuals working for people impacted
by lung cancer. As of October 2023, there are 39 members (34 organisations and 5
individuals), representing 22 countries. We encourage you to learn more and support
LuCE and our member organisations.
www.lungcancereurope.eu/our-members
Patients en Reseau/Mon
ALK Positive Deutschland
Reseau Cancer du Poumon
www.monreseau-cancerdupoumon.com www.alkpositiv-deutschland.org
Individual members:
Tommy Björk
Person diagnosed
with lung cancer
71.8%
GENDER
(n = 834 patients / 327 caregivers). ALL PARTICIPANTS
PEOPLE WITH
CAREGIVERS
LUNG CANCER
AGE
(n = 833 patients / n = 327 caregivers)
39,0%
25,9%
24,2%
21,4%
19,3%
15,3%
8,9%
8,9%
4,3%
3,1%
2,4%
1,2%
0,1%
24 or 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 or older
younger
3,3%
Others (student, homemaker, etc.) 6,4%
Unemployed 3,3%
7,7%
Self-employed 10,7%
7,3%
12,0%
Employee: part time 9,2%
Retired 20,8%
18,4%
PEOPLE WITH LC
Strongly Strongly
Disagree Neutral Agree
disagree agree
I was able to meet my monthly expenses 5.8% 7.7% 7.7% 41.6% 37.3%
CAREGIVERS
Strongly Strongly
Disagree Neutral Agree
disagree agree
I was able to meet my monthly expenses 5.2% 12.0% 11.3% 44.2% 27.3%
Non small cell lung cancer (other subtype) 4.0% 4.0% 4.0%
TUMOUR BIOMARKER
ALL PEOPLE WITH
(n = 827 patients / n = 326 caregivers) CAREGIVERS
PARTICIPANTS LUNG CANCER
56.6%
People with LC Caregivers 50.8%
28.6%
20.2% 21.7%
17.3%
3.4% 1.5%
Localised (thorax): the Locally advanced: the Advanced (metastatic): I don´t know
cancer had not spread cancer had spread into the cancer had spread
outside of the lung tissues around the to another part of the
(StageI-II) lungs (Stage III) body (Stage IV)
41.0% 39.3%
36.4%
23.4%
18.4% 18.6%
12.5%
9.8%
0.4% 0.3%
Less than 1 year 1-3 years ago 3-5 years ago More than 5 Unsure
years ago
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