TSO C195b
TSO C195b
TSO C195b
TSO-C195b
Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Certification Service Effective
Washington, D.C. Date: 09/29/14
1. PURPOSE. This technical standard order (TSO) is for manufacturers applying for a TSO
authorization (TSOA) or letter of design approval (LODA). In it, we (the Federal Aviation
Administration or FAA) tell you what minimum performance standards (MPS) your ADS-B
ASA systems and equipment must meet for approval and identification with the applicable TSO
marking.
2. APPLICABILITY. This TSO affects new applications submitted after its effective date.
a. TSO-C195a will remain effective until March 23, 2016. After this date, we will no
longer accept applications for TSO-C195a.
b. ADS-B ASA approved under a previous TSOA may still be manufactured under the
provisions of its original approval.
c. Major design changes to ADS-B ASA approved under this TSO will require a new
authorization. See Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) § 21.619(b).
3. REQUIREMENTS. New models of ADS-B ASA systems and equipment identified and
manufactured on or after the effective date of this TSO must meet the MPS qualification and
documentation requirements in Sections 2.1 through 2.3 of RTCA Document No.
RTCA/DO-317B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Aircraft Surveillance
Applications System, dated June 17, 2014, as appropriate to the functional equipment classes
listed in Table 1 as modified by Appendix 2. Functional equipment classes for this TSO are
defined by the avionics equipment functionality they provide for one or more of the applications
listed in Table 1. The four equipment functionalities are Cockpit Display of Traffic Information
(CDTI) (Surface Only), CDTI, Airborne Surveillance and Separation Assurance Processing
(ASSAP), and ADS-B Traffic Advisory System (ATAS) Annunciator Panel. Applicable
performance standards for these classes are identified by equipment class in Appendix L of
DO-317B and are based on Section 2 of RTCA/DO-317B. The functional equipment classes are
shown in Table 1.
TSO-C195b 09/29/14
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(1) The In-Trail Procedures (ITP) application (item 6 in Table 1) supports a new
separation standard in procedural airspace. ITP application enables aircraft that desire flight
level changes in procedural airspace to achieve these changes on a more frequent basis, thus
improving flight efficiency and safety. The ITP achieves this objective by permitting a climb-
through or descend-through maneuver between properly equipped aircraft, using a new distance-
based longitudinal separation minimum during the maneuver. When performing ITP operations,
regional air traffic procedures must be observed. Crew training and operational approvals are
required. Any operating limitations of the equipment must be clearly stated in the installation
documents and in the airplane flight manual. If limitations have geographical boundaries, such as
in polar areas, then those boundaries must be included with the relevant limitations. Additional
operational guidance has been published by the FAA Flight Standards organization under
AC 90-114, Change 1, ADS-B Surveillance Broadcast Operations.
(2) ASSAP equipment authorized under this TSO must contain or support an interface
to an ADS-B receiver. If the receiver is embedded in the equipment, it must meet TSO-C154c,
Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
Equipment Operating on Frequency of 978 MHz or TSO-C166b, Extended Squitter Automatic
Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-
B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz). If the receiver is
not embedded, the installation manual must have a requirement to interface to a TSO-C154c or
TSO-C166b approved ADS-B receiver.
(3) If intended for installation on aircraft with Traffic Advisory System (TAS) or Traffic
alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) equipment, ASSAP equipment authorized under
this TSO must contain or support an interface to equipment complying with TSO-C147()a,
Traffic Advisory System (TAS) Airborne Equipment, TSO-C118(), Traffic Alert and Collision
Avoidance System (TCAS) Airborne Equipment, TCAS I, or TSO-C119(), Traffic Alert and
Collision Avoidance System, (TCAS) Airborne Equipment, TCAS II with Hybrid Surveillance. If
the ASSAP equipment does not support this functionality, the installation manual must prohibit
installation on an aircraft equipped with TAS or TCAS.
(4) Class A and B equipment authorized under this TSO must comply with
TSO-C165a, Electronic Map Display Equipment for Graphical Depiction of Aircraft Position
(Own-Ship) when implementing Surface Applications. This TSO shall take precedence where it
differs from TSO-C165a. Databases used to support moving maps integrated with the SURF
application must meet at least 5 meter accuracy and 1 meter resolution. Databases used to
support moving maps integrated with the SURF application must meet DO-200A, Standards for
Processing Aeronautical Data, Data Process Assurance Level 2 for state-provided data with
Essential Integrity as defined in DO-272B, User Requirements for Aerodrome Mapping
Information.
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(5) Equipment authorized under this TSO may include or interface with airborne
multipurpose electronic display equipment complying with TSO-C113a, Airborne Multipurpose
Electronic Displays.
(6) Equipment authorized under this TSO must contain or support an interface to
position sources that meet one of the following TSOs: TSO-C129( ), Airborne Supplemental
Navigation Equipment using the Global Positioning System (GPS), TSO-C145( ), Airborne
Navigation Sensors Using the Global Positioning System Augmented by the Satellite Based
Augmentation System, TSO-C146( ), Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment Using The
Global Positioning System Augmented By The Satellite Based Augmentation System, TSO-C196
( ), Airborne Supplemental Navigation Sensors for Global Positioning System Equipment Using
Aircraft-Based Augmentation or equivalent.
(7) ADS-B Traffic Advisory System (ATAS) is the only ADS-B application which can
be installed without a traffic display. All other applications require a traffic display as defined by
the CDTI requirements. This application is named Traffic Situational Awareness with Alerts
(TSAA) in RTCA DO-317B.
(1) Failure of the function defined in paragraph 3.a of this TSO has been determined to
be a major failure condition for malfunctions causing the display of hazardously misleading
information in airborne aircraft and aircraft on the ground with groundspeed greater than 80
knots. Failure of the function defined in paragraph 3.a of this TSO has been determined to be a
minor failure condition for malfunctions causing the display of hazardously misleading
information in aircraft on the ground with a groundspeed of 80 knots or less.
(2) Loss of function defined in paragraph 3.a has been determined to be a minor failure
condition.
(3) Design the system to, at least, the design assurance level applicable to these failure
condition classifications. Design assurance levels should be based upon the guidance of
AC 23.1309-1E for Part 23 aircraft, AC 25.1309-1A for Part 25 aircraft, AC 27-1B for normal
category rotorcraft, and AC 29-2C for transport category rotorcraft. To clarify this requirement
for aircraft types, Table 2 indicates the minimum Design Assurance Level required for small
airplanes, transport category airplanes, and rotorcraft.
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e. Software Qualification. If the article includes software, develop the software according
to RTCA, Inc. document RTCA/DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and
Equipment Certification, dated December 13, 2011, including referenced supplements as
applicable, to at least the software level consistent with the failure condition classification
defined in paragraph 3.b of this TSO. You may also develop the software according to RTCA,
Inc. document RTCA/DO-178B, dated December 1, 1992, if you follow the guidance in AC 20-
115C, Airborne Software Assurance, dated July 19, 2013.
4. MARKING.
a. Mark at least one major component permanently and legibly with all the information in
14 CFR § 45.15(b). The marking must include the serial number. The markings may include
functional equipment class(es) in accordance with Table 1 of Section 3, or they may be included
in the manual referenced in Section 5.a. An acceptable way to mark the supported equipment
class is as follows: TSO-C195b Class C3, C4, C5.
b. Also, mark the following permanently and legibly, with at least the manufacturer’s
name, subassembly part number, and the TSO number:
(1) Each component that is easily removable (without hand tools), and
(2) Each subassembly of the article that you determined may be interchangeable.
c. If the article includes software and/or airborne electronic hardware, then the article part
numbering scheme must identify the software and airborne electronic hardware configuration.
The part numbering scheme can use separate, unique part numbers for software, hardware, and
airborne electronic hardware.
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d. You may use electronic part marking to identify software or airborne electronic hardware
components by embedding the identification within the hardware component itself (using
software) rather than marking it on the equipment nameplate. If electronic marking is used, it
must be readily accessible without the use of special tools or equipment.
5. APPLICATION DATA REQUIREMENTS. You must give the FAA aircraft certification
office (ACO) manager responsible for your facility a statement of conformance, as specified in
14 CFR § 21.603(a)(1) and one copy each of the following technical data to support your design
and production approval. LODA applicants must submit the same data (excluding paragraph 5.g)
through their civil aviation authority.
(3) Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure that the ADS-B ASA
equipment, when installed according to the installation or operational procedures, still meets this
TSO’s requirements. Limitations must identify any unique aspects of the installation. The
limitations must include a note with the following statement:
(4) For each unique configuration of software and airborne electronic hardware,
reference the following:
(a) Software part number including revision and design assurance level;
(b) Airborne electronic hardware part number including revision and design
assurance level; and,
(5) A summary of the test conditions used for environmental qualifications for each
component of the article. For example, a form as described in RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental
Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, Appendix A.
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(6) Schematic drawings, wiring diagrams, and any other documentation necessary for
installation of the ADS-B ASA equipment.
(7) List of replaceable components, by part number, that makes up the ADS-B ASA
equipment article. Include vendor part number cross-references, when applicable.
b. Instructions covering periodic maintenance, calibration, and repair, for the continued
airworthiness of ADS-B ASA equipment. Include recommended inspection intervals and service
life, as appropriate.
c. If the article includes software: a plan for software aspects of certification (PSAC),
software configuration index, and software accomplishment summary (SAS).
d. If the article includes simple or complex custom airborne electronic hardware, a plan for
hardware aspects of certification (PHAC), hardware verification plan, top-level drawing, and
hardware accomplishment summary (or similar document, as applicable).
(2) Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure that the non-TSO
function(s) meets the declared functions and performance specification(s) described in paragraph
5.f.(1).
(5) Test plans, analysis and results, as appropriate, to verify that performance of the
hosting TSO article is not affected by the non-TSO function(s).
(6) Test plans, analysis and results, as appropriate, to verify the function and
performance of the non-TSO function(s) as described in paragraph 5.f.(1).
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g. The quality system description required by 14 CFR 21.608, including functional test
specifications. The quality system should ensure that you will detect any change to the approved
design that could adversely affect compliance with the TSO MPS, and reject the article
accordingly. (Not required for LODA applicants.)
i. List of all drawings and processes (including revision level) that define the article’s
design.
c. Schematic drawings;
d. Wiring diagrams;
g. If the article includes software, the appropriate documentation defined in the version of
RTCA/DO-178 specified by paragraph 3.e of this TSO, including all data supporting the
applicable objectives in Annex A, Process Objectives and Outputs by Software Level;
h. If the article includes complex custom airborne electronic hardware, the appropriate
hardware life cycle data in combination with design assurance level, as defined in
RTCA/DO-254, Appendix A, Table A-l. For simple custom airborne electronic hardware, the
following data: test cases or procedures, test results, test coverage analysis, tool assessment and
qualification data, and configuration management records, including problem reports; and
i. If the article contains non-TSO function(s), you must also make available items 6.a
through 6.h as they pertain to the non-TSO function(s).
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a. If furnishing one or more articles manufactured under this TSO to one entity (such as an
operator or repair station), provide one copy or on-line access to the data in paragraphs 5.a and
5.b of this TSO. Add any other data needed for the proper installation, certification, use, or for
continued compliance with the TSO, of the ADS-B ASA equipment.
b. If the article contains declared non-TSO function(s), include one copy of the data in
paragraphs 5.f.(1) through 5.f.(4).
a. Order RTCA documents from RTCA Inc., 1150 18th St, NW, Suite 910, Washington,
D.C. 20036. Telephone (202) 833-9339, fax (202) 833-9434. You can also order copies online
at www.rtca.org.
c. You can find a current list of technical standard orders and advisory circulars on the
FAA Internet website Regulatory and Guidance Library at http://rgl.faa.gov/. You will also find
the TSO Index of Articles at the same website.
Susan J. M. Cabler
Acting Manager, Design, Manufacturing &
Airworthiness Division
Aircraft Certification Service
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Appendix 1
A1.1 Purpose
This appendix provides guidance for testing a device capable of transmitting ADS-B information
in order to receive Traffic Information Services-Broadcast (TIS-B) information. It also provides
guidance for testing devices capable of receiving Flight Information Services-Broadcast (FIS-B)
information.
Before testing can begin, a license is needed to broadcast into the NAS. To get a license, you
must submit an application to the FCC in accordance with 47 CFR Part 87. This allows the
operator to transmit information on the desired frequency.
A1.2.2 Obtaining a temporary 24-bit ICAO address for TIS-B and FIS-B testing
Once a license has been issued by the FCC, the applicant must obtain a 24-bit ICAO address.
This can be obtained in two ways. If at an aircraft level, whether the aircraft is in your
possession or in production, an application can be submitted to the FAA Aircraft Registry
office (AFS-750) in Oklahoma City. However, if testing will be conducted in a laboratory
environment, hangar, or other test facility then a temporary 24-bit ICAO address specifically
assigned for TIS-B and FIS-B testing must be requested.
Upon receiving the request, a temporary 24-bit ICAO address will be assigned. The assigned
ICAO address may be used until such time the FAA suspends authorization of its use.
Once a 24-bit address is obtained, the applicant must coordinate with the local Air Traffic
Control (ATC) office. This ensures the ATC facility is aware of any testing efforts in the area to
prevent confusion and suspicion. In order to standardize testing, the FAA recommends setting
Flight ID = GNDTEST, and a Mode 3/A code = 1200.
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Appendix 1
Note: Any Mode A code assigned by the local ATC facility supersedes that of this
guidance.
After coordination with ATC, the applicant should verify the following parameters on the
transmitting device:
a. The 1090-In and/or UAT-In bit is set to “1”, as appropriate to the design.
b. ADS-B device is set to “airborne” status in order to be recognized as a TIS-B client.
There are surface service volumes where TIS-B is available, but the FAA does not
recommend testing at those sites due to the heavy traffic density at those locations.
c. The emitter category is set to be a Type A aircraft. You can select the aircraft class of
your choice.
d. The SDA and SIL values are set to “0”. This will ensure that your aircraft information is
not forwarded to ATC for separation purposes.
e. The altitude value must be set to:
1. The actual uncorrected pressure altitude; or
2. Hardcoded to -1000 ft.
f. The Navigation Integrity Category (NIC) and Navigation Accuracy Category (NAC)
values are not required since there is no performance requirement for TIS-B client status.
Actual values reported by the position source are acceptable.
The test antenna must be in coverage of an ADS-B ground station and a Secondary Surveillance
Radar (SSR) to receive the TIS-B/ADS-R service status message. It is uncommon to be able to
test the Service Status Message successfully while on the ground as SSR coverage is unlikely.
The Service Status Message indicates that the system can provide a “complete” set of
information for ADS-B equipped aircraft on the opposing link, Automatic Dependent
Surveillance- Rebroadcast (ADS-R service) and transponder equipped aircraft (TIS-B service)
within the vicinity of the ADS-B device.
No ADS-B transmissions are required in order for the system to receive FIS-B broadcasts. FAA
recommends FIS-B testing to be performed with the ADS-B transmitter disabled. The FIS-B
products your test station receives will depend on what tier FIS-B radio stations are in line-of-
sight. Refer to the Surveillance and Broadcast Services Description Document (SBS DD) at the
following hyperlink for more information on this topic:
http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgTSO.nsf/0/a742d5047d73c258862579b30
05501d2/$FILE/SDD_Rev2.pdf.
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Appendix 1
A2.1. Introduction
This appendix amends DO-317B to address specific issues raised since publication of the
document.
TCAS integration is addressed in DO-317B section 2.2.4.5.3.3, titled “TSAA Traffic Caution
alerts on Correlated TCAS Tracks”. Replace the current section 2.2.4.5.3.3 with the following
text:
The TSAA application may be integrated with TCAS I, TCAS II, or TAS systems.
If TSAA and TCAS II are installed on the same aircraft, TCAS II resolution
advisories (RAs) shall (####) have priority over all other alerts.
If TSAA and TCAS II are installed on the same aircraft, TCAS II traffic advisories
(TAs) shall (####) be generated for the TCAS tracks by the TCAS II TA function.
TSAA may generate traffic alerts for ADS-B only traffic not correlated with a
TCAS track.
TSAA alerts should take precedence over TCAS I or TAS traffic alerts (TAs) when
the TCAS track is correlated with an ADS-B or ADS-R track; but, TCAS traffic
alerts should take precedence over TSAA alerts when the TCAS track is correlated
with a TIS-B track.
TCAS validation of ITP traffic is addressed in DO-317B section 2.2.4.4.2.1, titled “Validation of
Traffic Position with TCAS Data”. Add the following text to the end of the second paragraph.
ASSAP is not required to support ADS-R or TIS-B traffic for use with the ITP
application.
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Appendix 1
TCAS validation of CAVS traffic is addressed in DO-317B section 2.2.4.6.2.1, titled “Validation
of Traffic Position with TCAS Data”. Remove all instances of the text “/ADS-R” from this
section and add the following text to the end of the second paragraph.
ASSAP is not required to support ADS-R or TIS-B traffic for use with the CAVS
application.
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