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    Lab Physics

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    ammar tajuddin
    This experiment was conducted to determine the equivalent resistance of circuits with resistors connected in series and parallel. Resistors were connected to a power supply and the current and voltage were measured. The equivalent resistances were calculated and plotted against the reciprocal of resistance in a graph. The equivalent resistance was found to be higher for the series circuit compared to the parallel circuit, as expected theoretically.

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    Lab Physics

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    ammar tajuddin
    12 views20 pages
    This experiment was conducted to determine the equivalent resistance of circuits with resistors connected in series and parallel. Resistors were connected to a power supply and the current and voltage were measured. The equivalent resistances were calculated and plotted against the reciprocal of resistance in a graph. The equivalent resistance was found to be higher for the series circuit compared to the parallel circuit, as expected theoretically.

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    This experiment was conducted to determine the equivalent resistance of circuits with resistors connected in series and parallel. Resistors were connected to a power supply and the current and voltage were measured. The equivalent resistances were calculated and plotted against the reciprocal of resistance in a graph. The equivalent resistance was found to be higher for the series circuit compared to the parallel circuit, as expected theoretically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views20 pages

    Lab Physics

    Uploaded by

    ammar tajuddin
    This experiment was conducted to determine the equivalent resistance of circuits with resistors connected in series and parallel. Resistors were connected to a power supply and the current and voltage were measured. The equivalent resistances were calculated and plotted against the reciprocal of resistance in a graph. The equivalent resistance was found to be higher for the series circuit compared to the parallel circuit, as expected theoretically.

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    of 20

    Class Group: E23

    Lab Group’s No: 3

    CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDIES


    FOUNDATION PHYSICS ll
    LABORATORY REPORT

    Experiment Electrical Resistance in Series and Parallel

    Name MUHAMMAD AMMAR BIN TAJUDDIN


    Student ID 2023841962
    Lab Instructor ‘s MADAM NURAIN
    Name
    Member 1 MEGAT FARRIS BIN MEGAT SAIFUL ATRAS
    Member 2 IRFAN HAZIM BIN IRWAN ISWADI
    Member 3 MUHAMMAD ALFINUR BIN BASRI
    Member 4 MUHAMMAD NABIL BIN MOHAMED ZAKARIA
    Marks

    Comment
    ABSTRACT

    This experiment was conducted for determined the current (mA) and potential difference (v) in circuit
    which is different in type of circuit and voltage of power supply.The objectives of this experiment are
    to determine the equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series and parallel.In this experiment,
    identical resistors are used for both circuits. To find the values of R equivalent, two types of circuits,
    series and parallel, are constructed using circuit simulation. Five different values of voltage were
    chosen, which were 2V, 4V, 6V, 8Vand 10V.A sraight line graph is plotted to represent 1/R which is
    the resistance.The value of Rexp in centered point A is obtained as (2.320+-0.605) while Rexp in
    centered point B is (0.208+-0.109).Percentage of precision for Rexp in centered point A is 26.07%
    while in centered point B is 52.40%.Percentage of accuracy for Rexp in centered point A is 2.109%
    while in centered point B is 19.37%.
    INTRODUCTION
    Electrical resistance is the measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. This
    resistance is measured in units of ohm (S2) and the electrical component is known as resistor. The
    resistors can be connected in series and parallel. They are used to control current in the circuit

    The resistance, R of an object can be defined as the ratio of voltage, V across it to the current, L
    flows through it.

    V
    R=
    L
    The equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series are greater than the equivalent resistance
    for resistors connected in parallel. The current flow through each resistor is the same when the
    resistors are connected in series. Hence, the summation of voltage across each resistor would be
    equals to the voltage supplied in the circuit In contrast, when the resistors are connected in parallel,
    each of them will have the same voltage but the total current in the circuit would be equals to the
    summation of current flowing through each of the resistors.

    This experiment was conducted for determined the current (mA) and potential difference (v) in
    circuit which is different in type of circuit and voltage of power supply.

    The objectives of this experiment are to determine the equivalent resistance for resistors connected
    in series and parallel.
    METHOLOGY
    1. Connecting wires, power supply, carbon resistors (R1,R2,R3) are connected in series.\
    2. Power supply voltage is set as 2V as the switch is turned on.
    3. The readings of the current, l and voltage, V from the digital multi-meter are recorded into a
    table.
    4. This experiment is repeated by changing the DC power supply voltage to 4V, 6V, 8V and 10V.
    5. Step 1 to 4 is repeated by change the type of circuit to parallel.

    SERIES CIRCUIT

    PARALLEL CIRCUIT
    RESULTS
    ANALYSIS (CALCULATION)
    ANALYSIS (GRAPH)
    Pre-lab question
    1. Describe the correct way to connect an ammeter and voltmeter in a circuit.
    In a circuit, voltmeter is connected in parallel and ammeter is connected in series.

    2. “Magnitude of current in circuit containing resistors connected in series is greater


    than magnitude of current in the circuit containing resistors connected in parallel”.
    The above statement is FALSE.
    3. Describe the relationship between current and voltage if the resistance of a
    conductor is kept constant.
    -Directly proportional because when the current increase the resistance of conductor will
    increase.
    4. From the graph of current versus voltage, what does the value of the gradient
    indicate?
    Resistance
    5. By choosing any three resistors available in the laboratory, calculate the theoretical
    equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series and parallel connection.
    DISCUSSION
    Objective experiment:
    a) Determine equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series are greater than the
    equivalent resistance for resistors connected in parallel.

    Result:

    a) Straight line graph is plotted to represent the resistance.


    b) Hypothesis of graph is voltage(V) directly proportional with current(A).
    c) The magnitude of Rexp for series is (2.320 ± 0.605)
    d) The magnitude of Rexp for parallel is (0.208 ± 0.109)
    e) Percent of precision for circuit in series is 26.07% that is less precise.
    f) Percent of accuracy for circuit in series is 2.109% if that is more accurate.
    g) Percent of precision for circuit in parallel is 52.40% that is less precise.
    h) Percent of accuracy for circuit in parallel is 19.376% that is less accurate.
    i) Wiring Errors: Check your circuit connections carefully. Ensure that the resistors are properly
    connected in either series or parallel configuration as intended. One common mistake is
    miswiring, which can lead to inaccurate results.
    Resistance Measurement: Verify the resistance values of the resistors you're using. Use a
    multimeter or ohmmeter to measure their resistance individually to ensure they match the
    specified values.
    Contact Resistance: Sometimes, poor contact between components or wires can introduce
    additional resistance, especially in breadboard setups. Ensure all connections are secure and
    free from corrosion or dirt.
    Post-lab question
    1. Explain the importance of connecting the ammeter in series to the circuit.

    -Placing the ammeter in series ensures that it measures the current flowing through the
    specific component without affecting the rest of the circuit.
    2. Briefly explain the significance of calculating the percentage error or percentage difference
    in this experiment.

    -calculating the percentage error or percentage difference provides valuable information


    about the reliability, accuracy, and precision of experimental data, aiding in the
    interpretation and validation of scientific results.

    3. Explain the effect of resistance towards current in a parallel circuit.

    - in a parallel circuit, increasing the resistance decreases the total resistance of the circuit,
    leading to an increase in total current. Additionally, each branch of the parallel circuit
    behaves independently, with lower resistance branches drawing more current than higher
    resistance branches

    Conclusion
    Equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series is more than resistors connected in
    parallel.The value of Rexp in centered point A is obtained as (2.320+-0.605) while Rexp in
    centered point B is (0.208+-0.109).
    REFERENCES

    - Laboratory Manual Second Edition foundation Physics II


    - Resistances in Series and Resistances in Parallel
    Resistances in Series and Resistances in Parallel | Electrical4U

    - Voltmeters and Ammeters


    20.4: Voltmeters and Ammeters - Physics LibreTexts

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