INTRODUCTION

Although paint is a very common material, paint technology is a complicated

science. For paint to adhere to a surface, the first coat (normally the 'Primer')

must provide a 'key' into the base material (so that paint does not just fall

away) and to provide a surface for the other coats. There are many types of

paint available today, some giving different surface finishes, others designed

for particular applications. This makes the selection of paint less

straightforward, however selecting the correct type of paint will give a more

satisfactory end result. Choosing the correct paint may appear a bit confusing

at first, but once you have sorted out which type of paint is for which job and

what finishes are available for that particular type of paint, the choice should

be fairly easy.

So, what is paint?

Paint consists of pigments and an oil or water- based binder (the binder being

the majority in volume). With most paints, long-term storage will cause the

two constituents to separate in the can - the pigments generally 'drop out of

solution' to form a thick, treacle like sludge at the bottom of the can. For the

paint to be usable, the contents of the can must be well stirred (except where

the manufacturer says otherwise - as in the case of non-drip paints) to ensure

that the pigments and the binder are uniformly mixed. If a stored can is used

'as opened' or even after just shaking, the paint at the top will be mainly

'binder' with very little colour, and by the time the brush reaches the bottom,

the 'paint' will be mainly pigment – the whole effect will be from a very wishy-

washy colour to a very rich colour. The proportion of pigment to binder in any

paint dictates the amount of gloss the finished product will have.

The glossier the finish, the more hardwearing it will generally be. There are

various categories of finish: matt, gloss and a range in between the two which

varies according to the manufacturer and are designated in a number of

different terms - silk, satin, semi-gloss, eggshell etc. Water-based paint dries

purely by evaporation, while oil-based paint has a chemical drying agent

added. Paints with a water base are not as hard or durable as those with an oil

base although they are improving all the time. The greatest advantage of

water- based paint is that brushes and rollers can be washed out in water; no

special cleaning agent is needed. Most proprietary brands of household paints

are ready for use as sold and do not, under normal circumstances, require

thinning.

The general exception is where a thinned first coat is required to seal a surface.

Where a can of paint has been opened for a period of time, some of the binder

may have evaporated off so thinning of the remaining paint may be needed.
When thinning paint, only use the type of thinners recommended by the

manufacturer. The following brief description of types, uses and application

should help you to choose the right paint for the right job. Paint is liquids that

solidify when exposed to air, and are used to cover surfaces for decorative and

protective purposes. Paints are formed by mixing a pigment (the substance

that provides colour) and a binder, a fluid vehicle, such as linseed oil, that

solidifies when exposed to air.

Paint is any liquid which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is

converted to an opaque solid film. Paint is composed of pigments, solvents,

resins, and various additives. The pigments give the paint color; solvents make

it easier to apply; resins help it dry; and additives serve as everything from

fillers to anti- fungicidal agents.

Solvents are various low viscosities, volatile liquids. Additives serve many

purposes. Some, like calcium carbonate and aluminum silicate, are simply

fillers that give the paint body and substance without changing its properties.

Paints are used in interior and exterior decoration of houses, prevention of

rusting of metals, in the painting of boats, automobiles, planes, appliances,

furniture, etc.

PAINT PRODUCTION
Paint is an essential commodity that does not just beautify but also serves as

protective measures on a surface. Thus the demand and market of paints is at

every environment at all time.

Paint is a material that is applied as a liquid and dries by a variety of chemicals

processes to a solid form.

We apply paint for:

 Decoration

 Protection

 Identification

 Sanitation etc

TYPES OF PAINT

1. Oil base paint

2. Water base paint

TYPES OF WATER BASE PAINT

Water base paints are paints that is been production with WATER as the

solvent.
For the course of this training we shall be discussing about many different

types of water base paints:

o Emulsion paint

o Textured paint

o Flextured paint

o Satin or nylon paint

o POP paint

o Matte Eggshell

o Flex coat

o Stucco

o Textured matte

o Marble effect

o Marble trowel

o Base coat

o Graffitex

o Screeding bound or wall putty

TYPES OIL BASE PAINT

Oil base paint are paints been produce with kerosene or petrol or toluene as

the solvent and with akyld resin.

For the course of this training we shall be discussing about four different types

of oil base paints:

o Gloss paint

o Varnish

o Undercoat

o Anti rust

CONSTITUENTS OF PAINT

SOLVENT: It increases the volume and serves as vehicle for the paint.

Chemicals:

o Water; for water base paints

o Petroleum solvent (kerosene); for oil base paints

RESIN: This is the binding and the forming part

Chemicals:

o Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA), Acrylic resin, Acrona PVA, Vinumal PVA;

for water base paints

o Alkyd resin; for oil base paints

PIGMENTS/COLORANT: This gives the color and provides body to the paints
Chemicals;

o Pastes and oxides

o Titanium dioxide

ANTI FOAM: it helps to reduce or eliminate the foaming constituent in paint

during production. It is only use for water base paints

Chemicals:

o Defoamer

o Kerosene

FILLER: It gives body to the paint. It is most constituent of water base paint. It

is optionally use for oil base paints.

Chemical:

o Calcium carbonate

o Kaolin Clay

DISPERSANT: This chemical does not allow or reduce the tendency for solid

materials in paint to settle at the bottom of the mixer during production and

the bottom the package container, they also help in the spreading rate.

Chemicals:
 o DELTA-DC® 4001 is cost-effective wetting and dispersing additive to

improve pigment wetting and stabilize the pigment dispersion. It is a

controlled flocculating agent and is therefore preferably used in primers

and undercoats

o VISCOGEL® B4 is a rheological additive for solvent-borne systems of

low to medium polarity that gives thixotropic effect, sag control,

excellent levelling and prevents pigments from long-term storage settling.

It is used in a wide range of manufacturing processes like oil based paints

o Genniple/glycol

o Calgon

BRIGHTENER: This chemicals helps to correct the dullness of paints, it helps to

bring out the shining part of the paint, especially for white and light color

paints. Not to be use for dark color paint production.

Chemicals:

o Aluminum silicate (for white color paint only)

o ∙ Hydrosol (for white and light color only)

THICKENERS: The helps in thickening the paint, it is only use for water base

paints
Chemicals:

o Natrosol (most commonly use for water base paint

o Easy Gel (commonly use for oil base paint)

o Bama cork

o Acrytest

o G14

PRESERVATIVES: These are chemicals that kill micro organism like aglae, fungi;

this does not allow grass/plant to grow on the surface at which the paint is

applied.

Chemicals:

o Anticide

o Biocide

o Formalin

DRIERS: These are catalyst which carries oxygen into the paint and makes it dry

through oxidation, polymerization and condensation.

Chemicals:

o Texanol; for water base paint

o Mixed drier, Cobalt, lead; for oil based paint

MODULES OF THE TRAINING

For the purpose of the training we shall be discussing on the follow sections:

 The various chemicals use in paint production

 The individual quantities of each chemical that make a bucket of paint

 The procedures use in chemical mixture to produce a quality paint

 The various equipment and tools use in paint production

 The marketing strategic for new paint producers

 General guidelines for paint production.

CHEMICALS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

WATER: Serve as solvent for water base paint

KEROSINE OR PETROLEUM OR TOLUENE: serve as solvent for oil based paint.

TITANIUM DIOXIDE OR TITAN: Act as white pigment. It’s necessary in all other

colors in various lower quantities; it makes paint to be brighter and coverage

ACRYLIC OR ACRONAL PVA OR VINAMUL PVA: Binder for water base paint

and it is the chemical that is tells the quality of your paint because with

adequate quantity it prevent your paint from staining (chalking or rubbing off

easy, that is when been toughed after painting the wall will not stain your

finger)
ALKYD RESIN: binder for oil base paint

NATROSOL: thickens the paint and prevents the pigments from settling down.

GENNIPLE OR GLYCOL: act as dispersants that helps pigments to Repel each

other and scatter well in paint and does not allow the other chemicals to settle

down.

BUFFER/AMMONIA: makes thickener react fast.

ACTICIDE OR SODIUM BENZOATE: preserves paint.

DEFOAMER: reduces foaming in paint

CALCIUM CARBONATE: is filler, giving the paint body.

MIXED DRIER: act as a drying agent for oil base paints.

SOYA LECITHIN: serve as a dispersant and allow for easy flow of paint on the

Wall

ANTI SKIN (MEKO): serves as anti skin and anti caking agent

ALUMINIUM SILICATE: it is use for white paint only and it serves as a

brightener

MARBLE DUST (SMOOTH OR ROUGH): it gives texture to the paint

HYDROSOL: it is use to correct dullness in white color paint.

CALGON: it helps the paint mix properly, blend the colours and titanium

dioxide.

REQUIRED TOOLS TO START A SMALL SCALE PAINT BUSINESS

To start a paint production business you don’t need much but the following.

1. Space for production

2. A small mixing machine, we normally use a drilling machine with a abricated

shaft at the end so that it mixes properly.

3. Measuring scale; analog or digital. To take accurate measurement of the

chemicals.

4. A mixing drum; big enough to contain the required quantity you want to

produce. See picture below, you can start with this size or bigger one.

5. Packaging contain or paint buckets labeled in your brand name to package

your product for sell, but you dont need it if you are producing and paint with

it immediate on site.
6. Measuring cylinder to measure all chemicals in liquid form but you can still

use your measuring scale in absent of it.

7. Protective wares or laboratory wares like hand gloves, lab coat, but all these

are optional because the chemicals are

not that harmful.

GENERAL GUIDELINES BEFORE AND DURING PRODUCTION

1. Always measure all your chemicals adequately down before starting the

production so that it speedy up your production

2. Always pre-disperse your color oxide with water to form a paste in a

separate bowl before adding it to your production to avoid lumps but this only

done when you are producing water base paints because u dont need to pre-

disperse paste color for oil base paints,

3. Always pre-disperse your Natrosol with at least 1kg of water before adding it

to your production to avoid lumps and easy mixture too.

4. Note you dont use aluminum silicate for color paints because it will kill off

the color that is no matter the amount of color you add your paint might still
remain white or the color will be light, will not get the desire deep color. For

any white color paint productions use 1kg of it.

5. Note you don’t buy white color from the market, if you want to produce

white color paint, all the chemicals needed are already in white form so that

will automatically give you a white color paint.

6. Calcium carbonate have two types off white and pure white’ always use

pure white only for white color paints and off white or pure white for color

paints, because if you use off white for white color paint your product will not

be bright.

7. Always use the accurate quantity of each chemicals to obtain a quality

products 8. Never miss up water base paint chemicals for oil base paint

chemicals.

9. BUFFER is an optional chemical in paint production, so it is not every

chemical seller that knows it, so if you don’t get it, your product will still be

perfect without it.

QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES

1. LUMPS IN YOUR PRODUCT: To avoid lumps in your production like emulsion

paint, you must disperse the Natrosol very well and make sure you add
thickening agent before adding ammonia and formalin, they should be the last

chemicals to add

2. LIGHT PRODUCT: To increase the thickness of your product during

production, you will have to increase the quantity of the Natrosol.

3. WATER AT THE SURFACE OF PRODUCT: To avoid seeing water on the top of

your product after sometime after production, you will have to increase the

quantity of the Genniple.

4. DUSTING OR STAINING OR CHALKING PRODUCT: To avoid your

product staining after applying it on the wall, you will have to increase the

quantity of the binder (PVA or Acrylic binder).

5. PRODUCT GETTING SPOILT EASILY: If your product got bad within a short

time of storage, you will have to increase the preservative chemical and always

use quality thickening agent.

6. LOW SHINNING SATIN PAINT: make sure you use the HIGH GRADE ACRYLIC

RESIN which is different from the normal acrylic for emulsion. (Note: when

buying acrylic resin for satin, make sure you tell the seller that you need it for

satin production, so that he give you high grade one.)

HOW TO BUY CHEMICALS.

Make sure you tell the chemical seller, what you need the chemical for,

because we have many chemicals with same name but different grade for

different products.

ABOUT THE MARKET

In this industry, there are key features that all the producers choose in order to

establish themselves in the market. The features are as follows:

1. Product quality

2. Customer services

3. Product color specialization

ROLE TO CHOOSE IN THE MARKET CHAIN

1. Manufacturing and application

2. Manufacturing and distribution

3. Manufacturing for distributors

FACTORS THAT AFFECT PAINT SALES

1. Low quality
2. Poor advertisement/marketing

3. Poor packaging

4. Competitors price

HOW TO MARKET YOUR PRODUCT

There are different strategies to employ in marketing your product

1. Sourcing for an independent marketer

2. Opening personal paint depot

3. Introducing your product to the association of painters within your

community

4. Visit cooperate organization that paint on regular bases and introduce your

product to them e.g. banks, hospitals etc.

5. Meeting site engineers and construction companies

6. Giving out business cards and flyers at public places

7. Advertisement

EMULSION PAINT
Emulsions are mixture of two substances that do not mix. One of the

substances is dispersed on the other. Emulsions are not formed naturally and

are generally unstable. Emulsion paints are produced by a process of

EMULSIFICATION in which water, PVA and other additives are homogenously

mixed together. Properties of

Emulsion Paints: Emulsion paints have fillers to thicken the, support the paint

structure and increase the volume of the paint. Emulsion paints contain a lot of

additives to impact various properties like anti-freeze, foam control, bacteria

growth control.

PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT

The required raw materials are as follows Water (H2O), Calcium

trioxocarbonate IV (CaCO3), Biocide, Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), Hydrocellulose

ether, Titanium dioxide, Calgon, Color pigments, Ammonia, genniple ,

deformer etc

PROCEDURES IN PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINTS

Step 1- pour clean water into an empty tank.

Step 2- add calgon stir and empty the sac of titanium dioxide into the solution.
Step 3- put on the electronic motor on, with it shaft deep into the tank for

agitation and grinding of the tio2 particles. (Allow to grind for 30-45mins, until

a fine solvent is obtain)

Step 4-empty sacs of calcium trioxocarbonate IV (caco3) into the mixture,

followed by the addition of water into the mixture to prevent the accumulation

of the caco3 particles on the shaft.

Step 5- the introduction of additives is employed at this stage (i.e. the

introduction of color pigments if a specific color is required apart from white,

step 6- shading technology is introduced at this point if a specific color is

needed apart from white for example we shade with iron (iii) oxide if a rock-

view color is required.

Step 7- polyvinyl acetate is added immediately as an emulsifier

Step 8- a measured quantity of hydrocellulose ether is mixed with water and

then poured to thicken the film, flowed with addition of genniple.

Step9 - biocide or formalin is then added to stop bacteria growth and

defoamer or kerosene for foaming control.)

Step 10- addition of ammonia stir a few second and followed by packaging.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF EXECUTIVE CLASS EMULSION PAINT.

In the production of emulsion paint, if 1 bucket is needed the following

quantity of raw materials in the production.

Water = 10litres

TiO2 = 1kg

CaCO3 = 15kg

Biocide = 100gram

Calgon - 100gram

Defoamer or Kerosene = 500gram

Hydrocellulose ether = 100gram

PVA = 3.5kg

Ammonia = 100gram

Genniple = 0.5kg

Texanol = 250gram

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF MIDDLE CLASS EMULSION PAINT.

In the production of emulsion paint, if 1 bucket is needed the following

quantity of raw materials in the production.

Water = 10litres

TiO2 = 0.5kg

CaCO3 = 15kg

Biocide = 100gram

Calgon - 100gram

Defoamer or Kerosene = 500gram

Hydrocellulose ether = 100gram

PVA = 2kg

Ammonia = 100gram

Genniple = 0.5kg

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF ECONOMY CLASS EMULSION PAINT.

In the production of emulsion paint, if 1 bucket is needed the following

quantity of raw materials in the production.

Water = 10litres

TiO2 = 0.3kg

CaCO3 = 15kg

Biocide = 100gram

Calgon - 100gram

Defoamer or Kerosene = 100gram

Hydrocellulose ether = 100gram

PVA = 1kg

Ammonia = 100gram

Genniple = 250gram

SILK/SATIN PAINT

Silk and Satin are both premium paints with similar formulation. The difference

is the sheen of both. While satin is glossy in appearance, silk is matt or semi-

matt in appearance. Some people want smooth premium paint, but do not

want it to be too Shinny, while others want it very glossy. So you formulate

according to your client choice of sheen (appearance or glossness). Silk paints

are highly sought after conference by corporate individuals for office needs

while home builders prefer satin a whole lot.

It is the Paint for the high class paint users. They are also known as WASHABLE

PAINTS, because you can clean the surface painted with SATIN PAINT when it is

dirty. Silk can also be clean with water and soap, without altering the paint

texture or its colour. It is very expensive compare to the other classes of paint.

It comes out very smooth on surfaces they are applied on. Their production

does not require Calcium Carbonate as raw material, calcium is replaced with

more quantities of Titanium dioxide. Their colours are usually very brighter and

appealing than their emulsion counterparts. . They come in 5 Litres, 10 litres,

20litres and 4litres buckets depending on producer’s choice of packaging.

Walls or surfaces that Silk paint are applied on are usually primed or screeded

with screeding paint before the paint is applied on the surfaces, which gives

the applied surface an unusually smooth surfaces you can’t find with any other

class of paint.

Some Vital Points to note in SILK Paint production

1. Silk paint production does not require a single drop of Calcium Carbonate, as

it will alter the quality and washability feature, instead, Titanium Dioxide/

Aluminium Silicate act as the Calcium, a high quantity of Titan is used to

produce Silk paint

2. Silk paint production does not need Kaolin or any type of paint

builder/extender

3. Silk paint production required a very high amount of Acrylic which enhances

its shining on its applied surfaces

4. Its production requires a very high stirring to enable the high quantity of

titanium dioxide to blend very well.

5. Proper mixing is required during its production; you must ensure your

mixing is on top gear to ensure you have smooth finish when it’s applied. I

usually don’t advice you produce silk manually, but if you must do, you must

ensure you stir the paint continuously until you start seeing the glossiness of

the titan you are mixing.

6. Ensure your color oxide mix very well before you add any other chemical.

PRODUCTION OF SILK/SATIN PAINT

The required raw materials are as follows Water (H2O), Biocide, Polyvinyl

acetate (PVA), Hydrocellulose, Titanium dioxide, Deformer, DOP, Texanol,

Deformer or Kerosene (paraffin), Calgon, Color pigments, Ammonia and

Genniple/Glycol

PROCEDURES IN PRODUCTION OF SILK/SATIN PAINTS

Step 1- pour clean water into an empty tank.

Step 2- Introduction of calgon

Step 3- put on the electronic motor on, with it shaft deep into the tank for

agitation and grinding . Empty the sac of titanium dioxide into the solution.

(Allow to grind for 30-45mins, until a fine solvent is obtain) add Aluminium

silicate.

Step 4. polyvinyl acetate is added immediately as an emulsifier

Step 5. Introduction of additives is employed at this stage ( color pigments if a

specific color is required apart from white, genniple for spreading, DOP and

Texanol for shinning, and kerosene or defoamer for foaming control.)

step 5- shading technology is introduced at this point if a specific color is

needed apart from white for example we shade with iron (iii) oxide if a rock-

view color is required.

Step 6- a measured quantity of hydrocellulose ether is mixed with water and

then poured to thicken the film, followed by addition of biocide to stop

bacteria growth and ammonia to help the thickener.

Step7 - packaging.
QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER QUALITY SILK/SATIN PAINT.

In the production of silk/satin paint, if 1 bucket is needed the following

quantity of raw materials in the production.

Water = 6litres

TiO2 = 8kg

Aluminium silicate = 1kg

Biocide/Formalin - 100cl

Calgon - 100g

Deformer or Kerosene = 1litres

Genniple = 2litres

DOP = 25cl

Texanol- 250cl

Hydrocellulose ether- 100g

PVA = 10kg

Ammonia- 100cl

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF PREMIUM QUALITY SILK/SATIN

PAINT.
In the production of silk/satin paint, if 1 bucket is needed the following

quantity of raw materials in the production.

Water = 8litres

TiO2 = 5kg

Aluminium silicate = 0.5kg

Biocide/Formalin - 100cl

Calgon - 100g

Defoamer or Kerosene = 1litres

Genniple/glycol = 2litres

DOP = 25cl

Texanol- 250cl

Hydrocellulose ether- 100g

PVA = 6kg

Ammonia- 100cl

PRODUCTION OF MATT PAINT

The required raw materials are as follows Water (H2O), Calcium

trioxocarbonate iv (CaCO3), Biocide, Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), Hydrocellulose,

Titanium dioxide, DOP, Texanol, Defoamer or Kerosene (paraffin), Calgon,

Color pigments, Ammonia and Genniple

PROCEDURES IN PRODUCTION OF MATT PAINTS

Step 1- pour clean water into an empty tank.

Step 2- Introduction of calgon

Step 3- put on the electronic motor on, with it shaft deep into the tank for

agitation and grinding . Empty the sac of titanium dioxide into the solution.

(Allow to grind for 30-45mins, until a fine solvent is obtain)

Step 4. polyvinyl acetate is added immediately as an emulsifier, followed by

Calcium trioxocarbonate iv (CaCO3)

Step 5. Introduction of additives is employed at this stage (, color pigments if a

specific color is required apart from white, genniple for spreading, DOP and

Texanol for shinning, biocide to stop bacteria growth and kerosene or

deformer for foaming control.)

step 5- shading technology is introduced at this point if a specific color is

needed apart from white for example we shade with iron (iii) oxide if a rock-

view color is required.

Step 6- a measured quantity of hydrocellulose ether is mixed with water and

then poured to thicken the film, followed by addition of ammonia.

Step7 - packaging.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF MATT PAINT.

In the production of Matt paint, if 1 bucket is needed the following quantity of

raw materials in the production.

Water = 10liters

TiO2 = 5kg

Calcium trioxocarbonate iv (CaCO3) = 5kg

Biocide/Formalin - 100cl

Calgon - 100g

Deformer- 200cl

Genniple- 1litre

DOP – 25cl
Texanol- 250cl

Hydrocellulose ether- 80gram

PVA- 5kg

Ammonia- 100cl

FLOATING, WALL PUTTY OR SCREEDING BOND PAINTS

Floating or screeding paints are used mainly in filling of walls and also as stop

water paint. Floating paint is not dusty and it is water resistance. Screeding

Paint and Satin Paint work side by side, it is one of the painting style of the

century. This class of paint is used as under coat of wall after plastering. It is

used to smoothen walls before Satin Paint is applied on the wall.

Types of Screeding Paints

1. Normal screeding paints

2. C-40 (special formulation for interior)

3. C-50 (special formulation for exterior)

The normal screeding is the common screeding paint sold in the market, it

usually mixed with white cement, normal cement or P.O.P cement like ABS,

moulder 3 etc.
PRODUCTION OF FLOATING PAINTS

Raw materials: Water, (H2O), calgon, Calcium trioxocarbonate iv (CaCO3),

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Biocide, Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), Hydrocellulose ether,

Ammonia (NH3), Color pigments

PROCEDURES IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOATING PAINTS

Step 1- pour water and calgon into an empty tank.

Step 2- pour the required buckets of PVA into the solvent

Step 3- empty the required sacs of tio2 into the solution.

Step 4- pour biocide into the solution.

Step 5- empty the required sacs of caco3 into the solution.

Step 6- put on the electronic motor with it shaft dipped into the tank for

agitation and grinding of the titanium dioxide and calcium

trioxocarbonate iv particles for 30-40mins, addition of water is

introduced into to prevent the accumulation of the particles on the

shaft.

Step 7- shading technology is applied if a specific color is needed for example;

we shade with black and red pigments to obtain a calabash color.

Step 8- finally measure the required amount of hydrocellulose ether and mix

with water to thicken the film, followed by addition of ammonia.

Step 9- packaging.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOATING PAINTS

In the production of floating paints, if 1 bucket is required we use the following

amount of raw materials;

Water- 5litre

Titanium dioxide- 0.2kg

Biocide - 10cl volume

PVA- 4kg

Hydrocellulose ether- 50g

CaCO3- 25kg

Ammonia- 25cl volume

NB - in the production of floating paint for example for exterior floating paints

we use higher quantity of PVA than interior floating paints, in other words we

use 4 or 5kg of PVA per 20 litres bucket for exterior floating, while we use 3 or

4kg of PVA per 20 litres bucket for interior floating.

TEXCOAT PAINTS
Texcoat paints are mainly use for exterior use and also as “stop water” paints.

Texcoat is textured in nature.

PRODUCTION OF TEXCOAT PAINT

Raw materials: Water, Calcium trioxocarbonate IV (CaCO3), Titanium dioxide

(TiO2), Biocide, Polyvinyl acetate, Hydrocellulose ether, marble dust or White

sand (sharp), Color pigments

PROCEDURES IN THE PRODUCTION OF TEXCOAT PAINTS

Step 1- pour water into an empty tank and calgon

Step 2- pour the required buckets of PVA into the solvent

Step 3- empty the required sacs of TiO2 into the solution.

Step 4- empty the required sacs of caco3 into the solution, followed by

addition of PVA

Step 5- put on the electronic motor with it shaft dipped into the tank for

agitation and grinding of the titanium dioxide and calcium trioxocarbonate (iv)

particles for 30-40mins, addition of water is introduced into to prevent the

accumulation of the particles on the shaft.

Step 6- empty the required number of sacs of white sand into the solution.

Step 7- shading technology is introduced.

Step 8- finally measure the required of amount of hydrocellulose ether and mix

with water and pour into the film to thicken the film,

Step 9- pour biocide into the solution, followed by addition of ammonia, then

package.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF TEXCOAT PAINTS

In the production of Texcoat paints, if 4 buckets is required we use the

following amount of raw materials;

Water = 20litres

Titanium dioxide- 2kg

CaCO3 = 50kg

PVA = 16litres

Marble dust = 50kg

Hydrocellulose ether = 200gram

Ammonia = 100cl

Biocide/Formalin =100cl

Genniple = 250gram

Defoamer = 250gram
OIL PAINTS

Oil paint is a slow drying paint that consists of particles of pigments in a drying

oil. The pigments, or colored powders, must be lightproof, insoluble, and

chemically inert.

PRODUCTION OF OIL PAINTS

Raw Materials; Alkyd, Dryer, Paraffin, Titan, Pigment, Anti skin

PROCEDURES IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL PAINTS

Step 1- measure the required volume of alkyd and pour into an empty tank.

Step 2- pour paraffin into the solvent, to soften the alkyd for easy rotation of

the shaft.

Step 3- put on the electronic motor with it shaft dipped into the tank.

Step 4- add TiO2 into the solution for sharpness of the paint and add colour of

choice.

Step 5- add a measured quantity of dryer and anti skin into the solution and

allowed to be stirred by shaft for a minimum of 50minutes.

Step 6- packaging.

QUANTITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL PAINT

In the production of 4 litres of oil paint, the following quantity of raw materials

is needed.

Alkyd = 2kg

Dryer = 25cl

Anti skin = 15cl

Paraffin (kerosene) or fuel = 2 litres.

Titan = 500g optional

Pigment - Optional

NOTE: Addition of antifungal into your emulsion, silk/satin, wall putty, textured

paint, will make more and better quality.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EMULSION PAINT AND FLOATING PAINT

EMULSION PAINT VS FLOATING PAINT

Based on production, the volume of PVA added is high. Based on production,

the volume of PVA added is low.

Based on production, the amount of CaCO3 is small. Based on production, the

amount of CaCO3 is high.

Based on application, it is applied with the aid of a brush, roller, etc. Based on

application, it is applied with the aid of hand trowel etc.

Based on the appearance, it is liquid in nature. Based on the appearance, it is

semi-solid (paste).

Based on production, kerosene is required. Based on production, kerosene is

not required.

STABILITY OF PAINT

Various types of ionic and non-ionic dispersants have been classified by their

ability to stabilize titanium dioxide pigment suspensions in water. It was found

that some non-ionic dispersants produced suspensions that exhibited full steric

stabilization as opposed to electrosteric stabilization that occurs with ionic

dispersants.

A high level of steric stabilization was found to relate to greater flocculation

resistance in both the wet and dry phases, which can result in improved paint

stability and higher opacity. The stability of paint can also be achieved by the

addition of ammonia (NH3), polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Industrial Mixers Name:

Defoaming mixing equipment Category: Industrial Mixers, Model: SJB-X

Industrial Mixers Name: Butterfly mixing equipment Category: Industrial

Mixers Model: SJB-D

OTHER TYPES OF PAINT

There are other types of paint available for specific jobs.

These include:

Primer - These may be oil or water based and are used to seal unpainted

surfaces to prevent covering coats of paint soaking in. The appropriate type of

primer should be used for the surface being painted - wood, metal, plaster or

tiles. There are some 'all purpose primers' available which are designed for two

or more of these surfaces.

Undercoat - Usually oil-based, undercoat is applied on top of the primer. The

undercoat should be of the correct colour to provide the right colour base for

the finishing coats.

Anti-condensation – For use in humid conditions such as in kitchens and

bathrooms, this paint ii specially formulated to prevent the surface becoming

cold to the touch and therefore less conducive to condensation. It is not a cure

for condensation, only a way of reducing its effect on painted surfaces. They

often include a fungicide. Normal emulsion paints may be satisfactory in these

conditions providing that the level of condensation is not too high.

Radiator paint - For use on central heating pipes and radiators, it will stand up

to the high temperatures without discoloring as other paints are prone to do.
Fire-retardant - These special paints contain an additive to provide a fire-

resistant quality, they do not resist fire completely, but has a greater flame

resistance than ordinary paint and will reduce their spread.

Bituminous - Although often not as a paint, bitumen is used where a water

proof coating is required. Bitumen does not dry in the normal sense used with

paint, it can crack if stressed when frozen and will run (or at least become

sticky to the touch) in hot weather. Thick and usually black, bitumen is for

areas where high water resistance is needed and appearance is not important -

such as on the inside of cast irons guttering and metal cold water tank.

Bitumen is difficult to paint over with conventional paints as the underlying

bitumen tends to bleed into the overlaying paint and will move with

temperature changes while the covering paint may not be able to stand up to

the movement. If there is a need to over paint bitumen, apply a coat of

aluminum paint, this will seal the surface to prevent the bitumen bleeding

2.21 USES OF PAINTS

Paints have varieties of uses, and these include;

In exterior and interior decoration of houses.

In the protection of wood against termites infections.

In the protection of metals against rusting.

Paints are used in the protection of walls and ceilings against cracking.

In the painting of boats, automobiles, planes, appliances, furniture.