Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.

‘The Law is an ass’, declared Mr. Bumble in “Oliver Twist”, and it often seems he was right. For punishment does not
always fit the crime and it rarely happens that a prison term reforms a criminal.
Consider the following two cases. The first one had happened in a village in Madurai District. One Gopal Yadhav a
hardened criminal undergoing life sentence in the Madurai Prison came out on bail for two days to perform the last rites of
his mother. But he was rearrested on the same evening on the charges of murdering his neighbour’s son to settle old
scores.
The second case too came to Madurai Court recently. Deserted by her husband a drunkard, his grief-stricken wife mixed
rat poison in the food and gave it to her four children aged between 1 ½ and 9 years. Before she could swallow the same
food she was unable to bear the pitiable sight of her children writhing in pain. She rushed them to hospital where she
disclosed everything. She was able to save the lives of the first three children, but the law of the country awarded her two
years imprisonment (later commuted to one year) on the charges of plotting to kill her children. Would you say woman like
her are a danger to the society? Would you call them criminal? It is high time that we found other ways of registering our
disapproval of wrongdoing. To imprison the bad is expedient – when they are dangerous. To imprison the mad and the
merely sad, as we do, is not only unnecessary, it is uncivilized.
1. The writer says “The Law is an ass’ because
a. It is as patient as an ass b. It does not punish the criminals severely
c. punishments do not help to reform criminals d. criminals can escape punishment
2. Gopal Yadav came out on bail
a. In order to murder his enemy b. to cremate his mother
c. so that he could be rearrested d. to see his four children undergoing treatment in the hospital
3. The mother in the second case cannot be called a criminal because she
a. rushed her children to the hospital b. mixed an ineffective poison in the food
c. was able to save three out of four children. d. was deserted by her husband
4. The writer argues that punishments for people like the woman in the second case are not necessary because they
a. doesn’t commit crimes frequently b. is less dangerous than other criminals
c. represents poor society d. should not be clubbed with other criminals.
5. The main difference between the two cases is
a. the first is about a man and the other is about a woman
b. the woman regrets what she has done, but not the man
c. the man is a lifer but the woman is not PAGE 1
d. the man and the woman belong to different communities
The United Nations Fourth World Women’s Conference had a colourful start at Beijing on September 4 th. This is the
century’s most crucial conference which aimed at changing the status quo of women’s lives characterised by inequality.
In a preliminary session, Ms. Aung Suu Kyi, the Nobel Prize winner said that expanding women’s power will bring greater
peace and tolerance to the world.
“It is not the prerogative of men alone to bring light to this world. Women with their capacity for compassion and self –
sacrifice, with their courage and perseverance have done much to dissipate the darkness of intolerance and hate”, said
Ms. Suu Kyi.
In the afternoon session Ms. Ayako Yamaguchi, a Japanese delegate, launched a petition against beauty pageants.
“What right do men have to evaluate women in a few minutes? All women are beautiful. Beauty is something different for
everyone”, Ms. Ayako Yamaguchi said.
“Beauty contests are used as trade and exploitation. The training is very vigorous, but it is the organisers, not the women,
who get the full benefit”, said Ms. Ranjana Bhargava. “After the competition, the women become trapped and the abuse
and the bad things begin. The women are tainted; no one else will accept them”.

6. The Women’s World Conference was very important because

a. Ms. Aung Suu Kyi has just been awarded the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize
b. Ms. Aung Suu Kyi was taking the part in the Conference
c. Its main purpose was to change inequalities between men and women
d. It was to protest against beauty contests.
7. Which of the following arguments of Ms. Aung Suu Kyi is not true?
a. Women also can bring greater peace to the world.
b. Men cannot claim they have done more for peace.
c. Women have the capacity for compassion and sacrifice.
d. Men have done nothing to dissipate ignorance.
8. The main emphasis in Ms. Ayako Yamaguchi’s argument is
a. men have no right to judge women
b. men should be given more time to evaluate women
c. men have no relevant knowledge when it comes to women.
d. beauty contests are not necessary.
9. “Beauty is something different for everyone”. This statement means
a. beauty is certainly different from ugliness b. beautiful women do not mingle with other women
c. beauty cannot be defined adequately d. each woman is beautiful
10. “Colourful start” in the first sentence refers to
a. participants who were all beautiful b. a lot of excitement and cheerfulness in the conference hall
c. absence of black coloured girls d. flags of various colours outside the conference hall

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed
in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
There was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to me. I guess that would have been when I
was about six or seven years old, just several weeks or may be months before the orphanage turned me into an old man.
I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then
I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in
my dormitory.
After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful
monarch butterflies that lived by the hundreds in the bushes strewn around the orphanage.
 I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after the other, and then took them from the net
and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet. How cruel it was
to kill something of such beauty. I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could
land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.
When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large card board paper down on the back cement step and
went inside to answer the phone. I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to
the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out.
It started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other straight pin.
Finally, its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just quivered.
I picked up the torn wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly
away and be free before the house parent came back. But it would not stay on him.
The next thing I knew the house parent came walking back out of the back door by the garbage room and started
yelling at me. I told him that I did not do anything but he did not believe me. He picked up the cardboard paper and started
hitting me on the top of the head. There were all kinds of butterfly pieces going everywhere. He threw the cardboard down
on the ground and told me pick it up and put it in the garbage can inside the back room of the dormitory and then he left.
I sat there in the dirt, by that big old tree, for the longest time trying to fit all the butterfly pieces back together so I
could bury them whole, but it was too hard to do. So I prayed for them and then I put them in an old torn up shoe box and
I buried them in the bottom of the fort that I had built in the ground, out by the large bamboos, near the blackberry bushes.
Every year when the butterflies would return to the orphanage and try to land on me I would try and shoo them away
because they did not know that the orphanage was a bad place to live and a very bad place to die.

11. In the passage what has the author compared the orphanage to?
a. An educational institute b. An old age home c. A nursery d. A military school
12. Why had the author walked into the bushes many times?
a. So that he could save the butterflies
b. So that the butterflies could sit on his head, face and hands, so he could look at them up close.
c. So that he could give the butterflies to the house parent.
d. So that he could kill the butterflies.
13. Why would the author try to shoo away the butterflies which tried to land on him?
a. Because he thought that the butterflies would suffer a very bad death if they stayed in the orphanage.
b. Because the house parent had warned him against it.
c. Because the butterflies were too many in number.
d. Because the author did not like the butterflies sitting on him
14. Which of the following words can be used to describe the author?
a. Cruel b. Adventurous c. Daring d. Caring
15. Why was the author trying to fit all the butterfly pieces back together?
a. Because he was told to do so by the house parent.
b. Because he was responsible for the death of the butterflies.
c. Because the house parent would yell at him otherwise PAGE 2
d. None of these
16. Why did the butterfly’s wing break off?
a. Because the house parent had broken it
b. Because the author broke one wing.
c. Because one of its wings was still pinned to the card board and it tried to fly away.
d. Because the butterfly fell on the ground
17. Why were butterfly pieces going everywhere?
a. Because the author realized that the house parent was not doing the right thing.
b. Because the house parent went to attend a phone call.
c. Because the house parent did not pin the butterflies correctly.
d. None of these
18. What did the author do with all the butterfly pieces?
a. He stuck all the pieces together b. He put them in a shoe box and buried them in the ground
c. He gave them away to the house parent. d. He threw them away in the garbage can.
19. Which of the following is NOT true in the context of the passage?
a. The author liked watching the house parent stick the butterflies on the cardboard.
b. The author felt that killing butterflies was a cruel thing to do.
c. The house parent stuck the butterflies on the cardboard paper.
d. The author tried to repair one wing of the butterfly.
20. What did the house parent ask the author to do?
a. To tend to the butterflies while he was gone.
b. To fetch butterflies for him.
c. To throw the cardboard paper in the garbage can.
d. To stick all the butterflies back together before burying them.

I do not wish to suggest that because we were one nation, we had no differences, but it is submitted that our
leading men travelled throughout India either on foot or in bullock carts. They taught one another languages and there
was no aloofness amongst them. What do you think could have been the intention of those farseeing ancestors of ours
who established Setubandha (Rameshwar) in the South? Jagannath in the East and Haridwar in the North as places of
pilgrimage? You will admit they were no fools. They knew that worship of God could have been performed just as well at
home. They taught us that those whose hearts were aglow with righteousness had the Ganges in their own homes. But
they saw that India was one undivided land so made by nature. They, therefore, argued that it must be one nation.
Arguing thus, they established holy places in various parts of India and fired the people with an idea of nationality in a
manner unknown in other parts of the world. And we Indians are one as no two Englishmen are. Only you and I and
others who consider ourselves civilized and superior persons imagine that we are many nations. It was after the advent of
railways that we began to believe in distinctions, and you are at liberty now to say that it is through the railways that we
are beginning to abolish those distinctions.
An opium – eater may argue the advantage of opium – eating from the fact that he began to understand the evil of the
opium habit after having eaten it. I would ask you to consider well what I had said on the railways.
21. According to the author, India
a. has never been one nation b. has been an aggregate of several nations
c. has always been one nation along with differences d. become a nation after the British came
22. Why did the great sages of India establish pilgrimages in the different corners of the country?
a. Because they wanted to push people to travel to different places
b. Because they could observe the underlying unity of the country as made by nature.
c. Because they themselves had travelled to these places.
d. Because they wanted people to be religious everywhere.
23. In the passage, the author’s attitude towards the railways is
a. critical b. sympathetic c. indifferent d. apathetic
24. What does the author mean when he says that “whose hearts were aglow with righteousness had the Ganges in their
own homes?”
a. One need not visit the Ganges to take holy bath
b. The Ganges had been polluted, so one should bath at home
c. One should take a holy dip in the Ganges to purify one’s heart
d. The Purity of heart is superior to observance of any ritual
25. The passage is written in a
a. dialogic style b. prescriptive style c. descriptive style d. analytical style

Answers the questions after going through the graph below:

PAGE 3

26. Profit made by Company A in the year 2002 was what per cent of the total profit made by all the three Companies in
that year?
a. 31.25 b. 28.24 c. 21.43 d. 36.25
27. If the income of Company A in the year 2005 was Rs13,54,300, what its expenditure in that year?
a. Rs. 9,21,600 b. Rs. 8,33,500 c. Rs. 6,48,200 d. Rs. 7,54,300
28. What is the approximate average profit made by Company A in all the years together?
a. Rs. 3,98,000 b. Rs. 3,82,000 c. Rs. 4,83,000 d. Rs. 5,12,000
29. What is the per cent increase in profit of Company C in the year 2002 from the previous year? (Rounded off to the
nearest integer)
a. 7 b. 14 c. 21 d. 28
30. If the Expenditure of Company Bin the year 2006 was Rs.22,11,430, what was its income in that year?
a. Rs. 29,12,260 b. Rs. 28,14,680 c. Rs. 32,09,670 d. None of these

Answers the questions after going through the graph below:

31. The expenditure of the Company in the year 2005 was Rs.85 crores. What is the ratio of income to the expenditure of
the company in that year?
a. 23 : 17 b. 5 : 4 c. 11 : 8 d. 21 : 16
32. The income of the Company in the year 2001 was 950000000. What was the expenditure of the Company in that
year?
a. 50000000 b. 550000000 c. 40000000 d. 350000000
33. What is the per cent of the Company in the year 2004, if the income of the company was Rs.120 crores?
a. 100% b. 120% c. 133% d. 140%
34. What is the per cent increase in the profit of the Company in the year 2004 from the previous year?
a. 43% b. 46% c. 50% d. 40%
PAGE 4
35. What is the approximate average (in crores) profit made by the company over the years?
a. 50 b. 48 c. 53 d. 57

The decision by Kerala to invest in training and ‘export’ of health workers and to raise a reported $6.7 billion for this and
other projects to rebuild its economy may well be the first concerted action by an Indian state to remedy the expected fall
in foreign remittances following the return of many expatriate workers. The state announced that it plans to raise this sum
through its infrastructure investment board. Kerala, a state that has been described as one with development indicators
comparable to the first world, is a large beneficiary of inward remittances.
The state’s finance minister, Thomas Isaac, said in a recent interview, “Countries have realised that lack of investment in
public health system can, in a pandemic time, be totally debilitating to the national economy. There will be demand for
Kerala nurses and paramedics all over the globe.”
While the initiative is unique and welcome, Kerala is by no means the largest exporter of expatriate workers in India as
Uttar Pradesh may be sending nearly twice as many workers abroad as Kerala. And yet, not surprisingly, it is Kerala that
has taken the lead to plug a gap in inward remittances that is likely to hit all states. The others may have been lulled into
complacency because remittances may not show an immediate drop because, as Mr Isaac explained, returning workers
uncertain about their future are coming home with all their savings. It is time other states took a leaf out of Kerala’s book
and examined options to recast their economies. The Union Government too must appreciate the need for a concerted
action plan to tackle this fallout of the epidemic.

36. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researcher’s argument?
a. While constituting a Infrastructure Investment Board, some clearances are required to be taken from Central
Government which is not likely to give a nod.
b. Many countries are changing their VISA Policy because of which immigrants will not be able to work there.
c. Some states acknowledged the efforts made by Kerala in framing this Policy and expresses their interest in
bringing similar policies.
d. Instead of spending money on this, the Kerala Government should divert the funds to healthcare during the
pandemic.
37. Which of the following statement strengthens the argument of the author?
a. Such policy measures which help the government in maintaining the lead in various Governance indexes.
b. Early start will help the government to learn from its experiences and make corrections before it is too late.
c. Kerala had the pressure from Central Government to take such steps because of it’s high share in foreign
remittance.
d. The success of this step will insure that its development indicators will remain comparable to first world
countries.
38. The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
a. The measures adopted by Kerala will help other states if they face similar problem in future.
b. The Government of Kerala took desperate measures and this might do more harm than good to the people of
the state.
c. Foreign remittance is one of the important parameter to measure development of states.
d. States facing similar issues can take measures which are different from the other and that too at different point
of time.
39. Which of the following can be reasonably inferred from the passage?
a. Kerala has recorded one of the highest fall rate in foreign remittance among all the Indian states.
b. Union Government does not appreciate progressive steps taken by Kerala and it should do it this time.
c. Kerala has started early because it has diagnosed the problem correctly by developing an understanding that
drop in remittance might not be immediate.
d. Lesser number of people from Kerala have gone abroad as compared to other States but they have highly
paying jobs which is the reason behind its large share in foreign remittance.

There are two ways to assess the government’s decision to decriminalise dishonour of cheques. One is that businesses
in a sagging economy need all the help they can get, and that through this decision such help has been extended to
ensure that failure to honour cheques will not lead to criminal prosecution. The size of the problem is huge and it is
another of the measures announced by the government that has not quite pushed the economy out of its despair.
The other initiative that has evoked a sluggish response is the Government’s Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme.
Notwithstanding the extension of the Government’s guarantee, bankers are so reluctant to bestir themselves that the
Finance Minister was forced last week to ask MSMEs to report recalcitrance to her, a fond wish that may never be
fulfilled. The second is that the scheme covers only existing bank borrowers and does not extend to those who had not
availed bank loans when the coronavirus epidemic struck but now find it difficult to operate their businesses without
infusion of funds.
Notwithstanding the availability of sufficient collateral, bankers have dragged their feet over such loan requests. The work
is slow because employees remain involved in mergers work and there are frequent bank closures due to lockdown
measures announced by states. Overall, India seems to lack the will or the desire to pull itself out of the economic mess it
finds itself in. Unless the Finance Minister makes it possible to unshackle herself from the bureaucracy and take drastic
steps to ensure that businesses access the liquidity they need, many will be doomed. While the epidemic is not of her
making, dealing with its consequences may well define her stewardship.

40. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researcher’s argument?
a. The bureaucrats are experienced and well-read people and banks are responsible for the failure.
b. Success of a Finance Minister is ascertained by entire tenure and not one phase.
c. Banks have clarity about its purpose and objectives but in modern times, the scope of its working has
increased multi fold.
d. Even after decriminalization, dishonour of cheques will remain a big issue.
41. Which of the following statement strengthens the argument of the author?
a. The bank should remain open at all costs even during pandemic so that condition of the economy can improve.
b. The Finance Minister should take the opinions of experts in Economics before taking a decision.
c. Banks should provide loans to all the applicants who seek to avail loans from their bank.
d. Dishonouring of cheques was majorly happening because of inefficiency of the Banks in timely processing of
cheques.
42. The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
a. The Government has taken various steps but none of them have worked in reviving economy.
b. The Government is working to address previous issues and not the ones which arose because of pandemic.
c. The accomplishments of Finance Minister will fade away if she is unable to solve these issues.
d. Indian economy is in current state because of inefficiency of Banks in the country.
43. Which of the following can be reasonably inferred from the passage?
a. Criminalization of dishonoured of cheques was responsible for damage to businesses facing prosecution.
b. Businesses have shown reluctance in using cheques as the mode of payment for a transaction.
c. The Government has made some strong decisions but the Banks are not in a position to support these
decisions.
d. Public sector banks are in very bad shape and the government should look towards private banks to run its
schemes.

A state becomes stable when the people living in it acquire what is called “national identity”, says Francis Fukuyama.
Somehow, religion doesn’t help in this process of acquiring collective identity. If one looks at the Islamic world, this
process of becoming a nation has been derailed by religion. Yet, most political leaders seek to emphasise religion to
stabilise the sense of being a nation among its varied population. If India had observed how religion deprived Pakistan of
its national identity, it would have thought differently about the potential of religion.
Looking at the Middle East before the Arab Spring destroyed it, one can say that only authoritarianism can keep religion
at bay. The region was reasonably stable before the idea of democracy came to the fore in Egypt and the religiously
conservative Arabs thought they should give democracy a chance. After the radical-Islamist Ikhwan won the election
there, Egypt started falling apart forcing the military to take over and prevent the Christian Copts from being put to the
sword.
Stable states have well-entrenched national identities, but it is not religion that bestows national identity. Like Pakistan,
Turkey is going religious after removing an indirect “secular” dictatorship; and its minorities are feeling the heat.
Fukuyama writes: “In the contemporary world, diversity — based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation,
and the like — is both a fact of life and a value. For many reasons, it is a good thing for societies. Exposure to different
ways of thinking can often stimulate innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Diversity provides interest and
excitement.”
44. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researcher’s argument? PAGE 5
a. A diverse society does not have a comradery like a homogeneous group of people.
b. Authoritarianism does solve the issue of religion but it cannot ensure peace and progress in the country.
c. If a language and not the religion is chosen to form a collective identity, chances of succeeding are more.
d. Fukuyama's statements are not relevant for modern nations.
45. Which of the following statement strengthens the argument of the author?
a. Though Pakistan is an Islamic country, there is no national identity on the basis of religion because of presence
of various sects in a religion.
b. Countries with national identity on the basis of religion have poor record in safeguarding the rights of the
minorities.
c. There are chances of hostile takeovers in a diverse society.
d. There are enough legal remedies for minorities in some of the nations with national identity on the basis of
religion.
46. The conclusion in the passage above does not relies on which one of the following assumptions?
a. Various sects in a religion does not allow to form a collective identity because of which there is no sense of
nationalism
b. Some type of nationality is required to provide stability to a nation.
c. Diversity allows the people to understand various cultures in same society but this does not help at the time of
a rift between communities.
d. It is possible to keep religion away from the government of a nation.
47. Which of the following cannot be reasonably inferred from the passage?
a. The governments which give opportunity for diversity to thrive are required in today’s time.
b. Until religion is used to define one's identity, there cannot be collective or nationalistic identity.
c. More the number of religions are there in a country, higher are the chances of instability.
d. Diversity is fading in Pakistan because they are in a search of national identity on the basis of religion.
What the outcome of the Senate committee hearings in the US involving the tech-titans, Google, Apple, Amazon and
Facebook, will be, is hard to foretell—the companies have been asked to depose on alleged anti-trust practices by them.
But, it can be said with certainty that such hearings create a pressure on companies to act within the bounds of the law
and also serve to inform the largely unaware public—through the media attention these generate—on any kind of
corporate malpractice, real or alleged. The Senate committee members, over the last two days, have asked Facebook to
explain its Instagram acquisition. Similarly, they have asked Apple, Google, and Amazon to explain “monopolistic
practices”. The tech titans were mostly evasive and evoked China fears, but the committee did manage to put them under
the spotlight on many occasions. Given tech companies are also large donors to the political parties in the US, the
consequence of being found guilty of antitrust behaviour may not eventually amount to more than a mere slap on the
wrist, but the man on the street will surely be watching.
While parliamentary committees do have the power to summon business and corporate leaders to testify in matters of
suspected corporate infractions, this has very rarely been invoked. Direct oversight of affairs sure is a double-edged
sword, but if it remains sheathed, the good rusts with the bad. While part of this is done through expert-committee, court-
appointed committee and even regulatory body hearings, lawmakers having public hearings will be a welcome change. It
will help keep up the pressure for fair conduct on corporate India and its leadership.
48. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researcher’s argument?
a. Since there is no punishment prescribed after a parliamentary committee proceeding in India, it will only
increase time spent in settling disputes.
b. The investigating agencies in India are much efficient than the ones in US and no other proceeding is required
in India.
c. The amount of money involved in anti-trust cases in India is negligible as compared to cases in US.
d. The businessmen are more bothered about profits than their image in public in India.
49. Which of the following statement strengthens the argument of the author?
a. These experience gathered through such proceedings will help the legislators in making better laws.
b. Such proceedings will bring out China connection of companies as it happened in US.
c. Such proceedings would reduce media trials of the cases.
d. Such proceedings will reduce number of acquisition of business in India.
50. The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
a. The Parliament can do the work of judiciary in India.
b. Cases involving anti-trust laws have significant impact on the economy and multiple proceedings can help in
deterring the wrongdoers.
c. Big companies are unfairly targeted by government and investigating authorities.
d. The investigating authorities are under the control of government so government itself should hold such
proceedings.
51. What is the central flaw in the argument of the author? PAGE 6
a. Legislators in India are not trained to investigate a case.
b. Even though the power of committees in India and US are similar, their purpose since inception is very
different.
c. The relation between the ruling party and businesses is very cordial and such proceedings will damage the
relation.
d. This will incentives more number of judges to become legislators after retirement.

It is widely predicted that restricting the precious vaccine nationally is going to devastate public health and the world
economy in equal measure. Vaccine nationalism occurs when a country manages to secure doses of vaccine for its own
people before they are made available to other nations. This is done through pre-purchase agreements between a
Government and the vaccine manufacturer.
A nationalist view for a vaccine may not just be for confining it to one’s own people. There may be multiple angles to it.
The concept exists since 2009, when, during the early stages of the H1N1 flu pandemic, some of the wealthiest countries
entered into pre-purchase agreements with several pharmaceutical companies working on the vaccines. However, the
distribution dynamics took a different turn when the initial production was slow and the supply was inadequate for the
target groups for whom the US Health Agency had recommended vaccination. As dose supply started to increase, the
incidence of 2009 H1N1 disease declined and the media frenzy quietened. By January 2010, patient demand for the
vaccine had decreased to the point where many providers were left with the vaccine on the shelf.
Each vaccine candidate is likely to have a different safety and efficacy profile and it would be premature to say that the
vaccine candidate for which a nation would have secured supply through a pre-purchase order would be the most
optimum vaccine for its population. Also, most vaccine development projects involve several parties from multiple
countries and there are very few instances in which a single country can claim to be the sole developer of a vaccine. So,
boasting of developing a vaccine by a nation will be mere hollow words.

52. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researcher’s argument?
a. Vaccine nationalism is a method to earn the goodwill of global community which can help in diplomacy.
b. World does not have enough resources and countries are sticking to vaccine nationalism to ensure that their
population gets infection-free first.
c. The impact and coverage of COVID-19 is unprecedented and hence, vaccine nationalism is justified.
d. The countries made additional efforts for welfare of other nations.
53. Which of the following statement strengthens the argument of the author?
a. It is quite possible that incidence of COVID-19 cases will decline even before a vaccine is developed.
b. The nations which are leading in development of vaccines are bound to do so because they also have highest
number of cases in the world.
c. Even if a nation is able to develop a vaccine, it is not necessary that it will be successful for its entire population
because of difference in safety and efficacy profile.
d. Only one country should remain involved in development of a particular vaccine so that credit of true developer
can be given.
54. The conclusion in the passage above relies on which one of the following assumptions?
a. There is hardly any advantage in hoarding the stocks of vaccines as surplus stock later gets wasted.
b. The governments cannot legally force the vaccine manufacturers to sign priority access agreements with them.
c. Virus spread have irregular time period and the incidence can decline on their own.
d. Many countries are taking credit for development of same vaccine because such projects involve several
parties from multiple countries.
55. What should be the most desirable outcome as per the author?
a. The nations producing only that quantity of vaccine which is sufficient to vaccinate its entire population and
there is no surplus to be wasted.
b. The nations providing surplus to their ally so that they can help them back when in need.
c. The nations providing the surplus to WHO which can be provided to worst affected nations.
d. The nations providing the technology to develop vaccines to other countries.

Civil Contempt means wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court, or
wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court. Under Section 2(b) of The Contempt of Court Act, 1971 'civil contempt', is
defined to mean wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, order, direction or any other process of court or wilful
breach of an undertaking given to the court.
It can basically be held to be any wrong to the person who is entitled to the benefit of a court order. It is a wrong for which
the law awards indemnification to the injured party; though formally it is contempt of court in fact it is a wrong of private
nature. Civil contempt is a sanction to enforce deference with an order.
Criminal contempt means “the publication whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representations
or otherwise of any matter, or the doing of any other act whatsoever which —
 Scandalizes or tends to scandalize, or lowers or tends to lower, the authority of any court; or
 Prejudices or interferes or tends to interfere with the due course of any Judicial proceeding; or
 Interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct the administration of Justice in any other
manner
A distinction between a civil contempt and criminal contempt seems to be that , in a civil contempt the purpose is to force
the contemnor to do something for the benefit of the other party, while in criminal contempt the proceeding is by way of
punishment for a wrong not so much to a party or individual but to the public at large by interfering with the normal
process of law degrading the majesty of the court.
The differentiating line between civil and criminal contempt is sometimes very thin and might often considered being
same. Where the contempt consists in mere failure to comply with or carry on an order of a court made for the benefit of a
private party, it is plainly civil contempt. If, however, the contemnor adds defiance of the court to disobedience of the order
and conducts himself in a manner which amounts to abstraction or interference with the courts of justice, the contempt
committed by him is of a mixed character, partaking of between him and his opponent the nature of a civil contempt. A
civil contempt is enforced by fine or imprisonment of the contemnor for non-performance of his obligation imposed by a
court, it turns out into a criminal contempt and becomes a criminal matter at the end
In a property dispute, the High Court of Gujarat decided against ‘Rajan’ and asked him to transfer the possession to the
other party, Mr Robbin, within 30 days. On 31 st day, Mr Robbin approach the High Court claiming that Rajan is in
contempt of court
Civil Contempt means wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court, or
wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court. Under Section 2(b) of The Contempt of Court Act, 1971 'civil contempt', is
defined to mean wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, order, direction or any other process of court or wilful
breach of an undertaking given to the court.
It can basically be held to be any wrong to the person who is entitled to the benefit of a court order. It is a wrong for which
the law awards indemnification to the injured party; though formally it is contempt of court in fact it is a wrong of private
nature. Civil contempt is a sanction to enforce deference with an order.
Criminal contempt means “the publication whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representations
or otherwise of any matter, or the doing of any other act whatsoever which —
 Scandalizes or tends to scandalize, or lowers or tends to lower, the authority of any court; or
 Prejudices or interferes or tends to interfere with the due course of any Judicial proceeding; or
 Interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct the administration of Justice in any other
manner
A distinction between a civil contempt and criminal contempt seems to be that , in a civil contempt the purpose is to force
the contemnor to do something for the benefit of the other party, while in criminal contempt the proceeding is by way of
punishment for a wrong not so much to a party or individual but to the public at large by interfering with the normal
process of law degrading the majesty of the court.
The differentiating line between civil and criminal contempt is sometimes very thin and might often considered being
same. Where the contempt consists in mere failure to comply with or carry on an order of a court made for the benefit of a
private party, it is plainly civil contempt. If, however, the contemnor adds defiance of the court to disobedience of the order
and conducts himself in a manner which amounts to abstraction or interference with the courts of justice, the contempt
committed by him is of a mixed character, partaking of between him and his opponent the nature of a civil contempt. A
civil contempt is enforced by fine or imprisonment of the contemnor for non-performance of his obligation imposed by a
court, it turns out into a criminal contempt and becomes a criminal matter at the end
56. ????
a. No, he is not since he missed it by one day, he might have been busy PAGE 7
b. No, he is not since he is a man of his words
c. Yes, he has committed civil contempt by being in straight violation of the judgement
d. Yes, he has committed criminal contempt by being in straight violation of the judgement
57. In the same fact as 1.1, 40 days after the judgment date, the Hogwarts Express published an article titled ‘Rajan has
shattered the faith of the Judiciary’. Can Hogwarts Express be charged for contempt of court?
a. Yes, they should be since one cannot use such harsh terminology
b. No, since the comment is on Rajan for not following the judgment
c. No, because Hogwarts Express enjoys complete immunity from contempt
d. Yes, such statements dismantle the belief in the system
58. Puchu, A Govt Official while passing a comment on a Judge who has been found guilty of corruption said: “It’s sad to
see Judge falling for corruption. Incidents like this will dismantle the faith in the Judiciary”. Mr Balban, with the permission
of Attorney General of India, has approached the Supreme Court with a prayer that the Court should initiate contempt
proceedings.
a. Puchu should be punished because nobody is allowed to say that ‘judges are corrupt’
b. The statement goes against the independence of judiciary, therefore, Puchu should be held guilty.
c. No, since that’s fair comment based on a true event
d. No, because Puchu is a government official.
59. Unknown University had declined to admit students because of their racial background. Students then approached the
Supreme Court which directed the Director and the Registrar to admit the students and avoid such incidents in future. The
authorities however refused to give admission and said ‘the Court does not have the power to direct us’. Decide the case
a. It’s a mere difference of opinion and the Court cannot press Contempt charges against the authorities
b. The University can do whatever it wants and the Courts should avoid dealing with such matterss
c. The Court should give them some time to think and then decide.
d. The Court must press contempt charges against the authorities since they did not comply with the order and
replied abruptly
60. In contempt proceeding, it was found that Superman did not comply with order pertaining to a civil dispute between
him and the Aquaman. The Court sentenced him for 6 months and charged him with a fine of 50 kryptonian dollar. Identify
the nature of the contempt proceeding.
a. Civil contempt since it’s a civil dispute
b. Criminal contempt because Superman is a criminal by nature
c. Civil contempt because it involves money
d. Criminal contempt because it was enforced by way of jail sentence and fine.
61. Thapar kidnapped a Judge (Shamu) so that he won’t be able to pronounce judgment in his case. Thapar believed
Shamu would not understand his case and therefore, was not fit for the case. Is he guilty of contempt?
a. Yes, it is affecting the judicial proceedings
b. No, Thapar genuinely believed that Shamu might give judgment against him.
c. Yes, because kidnapping is an offence
d. No, because justice must prevail.
62. In a property dispute, the High Court of Gujarat decided against ‘Rajan’ and asked him to transfer the possession to
the other party, Mr Robbin, within 30 days. On 31 st day, Mr Robbin approach the High Court claiming that Rajan is in
contempt of court
A Sitting Judge of a High Court had a land dispute with his neighbour and asked his neighbour to give up possession of
the court, otherwise strict legal action will be taken against him. His neighbour did not respond, next day he issued a
contempt order against his neighbour. Is he right in doing so?
a. Yes, because his neighbour did not comply by his words
b. No, because at that time, he was not in his judicial capacity
c. Yes, because his neighbour tried to intervene in administration of justice
d. No, because a High Court Judge cannot issue an order of contempt
There is no statutory definition of rarest of rare. In a criminal trial, the nature and gravity of the crime are taken into
consideration for determining a suitable punishment. The Court shall be deemed to have failed in discharging its duty if
proportionate punishment has not been awarded for those crimes which are committed not only against one particular
individual but can be said to have been committed against the society at large. Therefore, weight age is given to the
atrocity and brutality with which the crime has been perpetrated, the enormity of the crime warranting public abhorrence
and it should “respond to the society’s cry for justice against the criminal”. That is to say, the existence of such
extraordinary grounds under which the Court has no other resort than to effect a capital punishment for the survival of the
State as well as society.
The principle of ‘rarest of rare’ can be divided into parts:-
a) Aggravating circumstances
o Murder committed with previous planning and extreme brutality
o Murder involves exceptional decadence
o Murder of any member of the armed force of the Union, police force or a public servant (i) on duty (ii)
anything done or attempted to be done in the lawful discharge of his duty whether or not at the time of the
murder he was such member or public servant
o Murder of a person in the course of lawful discharge of his duty
b) Mitigating circumstances:
o Circumstances under which the offence has been committed. PAGE 8
o Age of the offender
o The frequency of committing such offences
o The possibility of reformation and rehabilitation of the accused.
o He was morally justified in doing such acts in the light of facts and circumstances of the case.
o The existence of coercion, duress, undue influence etc
o Mental disability
The difference between the two is that in case of aggravating circumstances, the Judge may on his will impose death
sentence but for mitigating circumstances, the Bench shall not award death penalty under rarest of rare cases. The
Judicature of India is under an obligation to strike a balance between aggravating and mitigating circumstances on one
hand and cry of the society on the other.
In rarest of the rare cases when collective conscience of the community is shocked to such an extent that it expects
infliction of the death penalty from the holders of the judicial power. A few relevant factors are: Manner of commission of
crime, motive, magnitude, social impact, fact & circumstances leading to commission of crime, personality of offender and
vulnerability of members of the society, among others.

63. A Court found Wonder-woman guilty of murdering Steve. The Court is now hearing her on sentence. She committed
the murder under the influence of an extremely superior drug which was forcefully given to her by Alexa. Will her claim to
get lesser sentence sustain on that ground?
a. No, the court must set an example by giving her death sentence
b. Yes, since she was not in her right state of mind while committing the murder
c. Yes, since she always loved Steve and would never murder him
d. No, since Alexa has denied doing that.
64. A serial killer who goes by the name of Zodiac has been held guilty of committing murder of 7 minor children. Zodiac
used to cut them into pieces into 14 parts and throw into 7 different rivers. The State has asked for death penalty. Decide.
a. It is not a rarest of rare case
b. It is a rarest of rare case because it involves minors
c. It is a rarest of rare case because of gruesome and barbaric killings
d. It is a rarest of rare case because it involves more than one murder.
65. 7 Army Personnel were sent to a designated area where a group of 5 person had (Hum Paanch) taken a few citizens
under hostage. Satya Narayan (not a member of Hum Paanch) had enmity with one of the Army Personnel, he saw the
opportunity and hit the army personnel with iron 5 times and destroy his skull. Decide the case.
a. It is not barbaric and therefore, no death penalty
b. It involves killing an army personnel on duty, that acts as an aggravating factor for death penalty.
c. It is not a rarest of rare since it was not done by a member of Hum Paanch group
d. It involves killing an army personnel on duty & heinous way of killing, that acts as an aggravating factor for
death penalty.
66. Rotar’ was brutally killed by ‘Motar’. It was established that Rotar had entered Motar’s house during night to steal. He
even tried to kill 2 young children of Motar’s brother. When Motar saw Rotar heading towards the children, he threw a
spear at him and thereby, splitting his head into two parts. Decide on behalf of the court.
a. Motar should be given death penalty
b. Motar should not be given death penalty since it was done out of necessity to prevent murder of two children
c. Motar should not be given death penalty since he does not consider this to be a barbaric killing
d. Motar should be given death penalty since his act has made others scared of him
67. Doug had been stalking Jan for over 2 months and made a detailed study of her daily routine. Finally, he decides to
plan her murder. He planted 1 bomb each of 3 different routes that Jan might take to reach office. He then planted a
bomb near her home as well as office entrance gate and timed them for 9 AM and 9:30 AM. Jan was died in the fist bomb
blast (her house entrance) at 9 AM. Decide. Doug is financially not as good as Jan.
a. It was well-thought and executed with the help of explosives, thus, death penalty for Doug
b. Since Doug is not financially well, he should not get death sentence
 c. Since the death was caused by using a bomb, death penalty should be granted for Doug
d. No death sentence, because Jan had earlier threatened Doug to kill him
68. A police offer came to arrest Bob the Builder on the charges of murder. Bob refused to go saying that there was no
warrant. The Officer clarified that it’s not required in murder cases. This made Bob furious and he took a knife lying close
to him and killed the police officer. Later, he took out both of his eyes. Is this a rarest of rare case? Decide
a. Yes, since he killed a police officer
b. Yes, since he killed a police officer on duty
c. Yes, since Bob killed a police officer while the officer was on duty and later, committed heinous acts on the
death body
d. Yes, since he killed a police officer with a sharp knife
69. Tomar was frustrated with her relationship with Kaptan. One day, she got a mail that her family has been kidnapped
and she must kill Kaptan, otherwise her family members will suffer the consequences. As per the instruction, she
poisoned him, cut his hand and sent it to the address given in the mail. Should tomar be given death penalty?
a. Yes, since she has a grudge against him
b. Yes, since it was barbaric
c. No, because she would never do that to him PAGE 9
d. No, because she was under influence and was not left with any other option

The principle of strict liability states that any person who keeps hazardous substances on his premises will be held
responsible if such substances escape the premises and causes any damage
Dangerous Substances: The defendant will be held strictly liable only if a “dangerous” substances escapes from his
premises. For the purpose of imposing strict liability, a dangerous substance can be defined as any substance which will
cause some mischief or harm if it escapes.
Escape: One more essential condition to make the defendant strictly liable is that the material should escape from the
premises and shouldn’t be within the reach of the defendant after its escape.
For instance, the defendant has some poisonous plant on his property. Leaves from the plant enter the property of the
plaintiff and is eaten by his cattle, who as a result die. The defendant will be liable for the loss. But on the other hand, if
the cattle belonging to the plaintiff enter the premises of the defendant and eats the poisonous leaves and die, the
defendant would not be liable. If there is no escape, the defendant cannot be held liable.
Non-natural Use: To constitute a strict liability, there should be a non-natural use of the land. In the case of Rylands v.
Fletcher, the water collected in the reservoir was considered to be a non-natural use of the land. Storage of water for
domestic use is considered to be natural use. But storing water for the purpose of energizing a mill was considered non-
natural by the Court. When the term “non-natural” is to be considered, it should be kept in mind that there must be some
special use which increases the danger to others.
These three conditions need to be satisfied simultaneously to constitute a strict liability.
Exceptions. (a) Plaintiff’s Fault: If the plaintiff is at fault and any damage is caused, the defendant would not be held liable,
as the plaintiff himself came in contact with the dangerous thing. (b) Act of God: The phrase “act of God” can be defined
as an event which is beyond the control of any human agency. (c) Act of the Third Party: The rule also does not apply
when the damage is caused due to the act of a third party. The third party means that the person is neither the servant of
the defendant, nor the defendant has any contract with them or control over their work. (d) Consent of the Plaintiff: This
exception follows the principle of violenti non fit injuria.

70. Ramjay had a high-voltage transformer, used in big factories, in his premises but close Vipul’s property. One day,
transformer blasted due to Ramjay’s negligence and thereby causing injury to Vipul’s property
a. Electricity is the need of every household, Ramjay is not guilty
b. The transformer was highly dangerous and not a natural use of land, he should be held guilty
c. Such incidents are common and should not be given importance
d. He should be held guilty since the transformer blasted
71. Batman had placed a huge water-pool at the top of his Bat-Villa. Last month, a cyclone hit the city and caused
massive damage. The water-pool was also damaged and the water reached Joker’s farm, damaging his weed crops.
Joker has now sued Batman. Is batman liable?
a. No, because Bat-Villa was indestructible, and he could not have foreseen that.
b. No, because everyone is allowed to have pool of their own
c. No, because it was beyond his control.
d. Yes, since he destroyed his neighbour’s farm
72. Majnu Bhai had kept a lion at his house and considered it as a pet. One day, it escaped and bit his neighbour, Laila.
He has now been sued. Decide the matter.
a. Not guilty, because he considered it as a pet
b. Guilty, because it was dangerous and non-natural use of land
c. Guilty, because it escaped
d. Not guilty, Majnu Bhai did not have any intention
73.Wolverin and his team were bursting crackers at Professor’s house. Lord Dumbledore visited Prof’s house. A spark
escaped and caused fire to his t shirt. Now, he wants to sue Wolverin. Advise him.
a. Wolverin cannot be held guilty since crackers did not escape the house and it was not non-natural use
b. Wolverin can be held guilty since Dumbledore is hurt
c. For every injury, there must be a remedy. Therefore, Wolverin can be held guilty.
d. Wolverin cannot be held guilty since it was not non-natural use of land
74. Raka owns a dog which gets furious when anyone disturbs. Shazan, a neighbour of Raka, disturbed the dog, opened
the chain and freed him. The Dog saw a traveller standing in a park and bit him. Is Raka guilty?
a. Yes, since the dog escaped and bit a traveller
b. No, because there is no mens rea
c. Yes, because the dog was furious and unchained
d. No, because a 3rd party was responsible for the ‘escape’ of the dog
75. Snoopy had stored ‘Mickey Mouse Gas (MMG)’ which causes severe pain in brain leading to brain haemorrhage. Last
week, MMG got leaked and killed 7 individuals living in close proximity. Can Snoopy be held liable under strict liability?
a. No, because Snoopy was not aware that MMG could kill people
b. Yes, because the deceased were living in close proximity.
c. Yes, because it caused injury to others.
d. Yes, it was unnatural use of land which resulted into the death of 7 people
76. Kant was playing with his friend Khemu. They were throwing sharpened pencils in the air and trying to catch them.
One of the pencils went outside the premises of Kant’s house and hit Shash on his eyes. Shash’s wife Ruchi brought a
claim against Kant & Khemu. Decide the case. Are they guilty?
a. Yes, because the pencil escaped.
b. Yes, because Shash was hurt badly.
c. No, because it was not a dangerous thing.
d. No, they were only playing, and the flying pencil was unintentional.

Speech is considered to be one of the most basic faculties of the human nature as it comes naturally to every person. It is
also seen as one of the most fundamental rights essential for a human living. Every person has the right to freedom of
expression & speech and this is usually guaranteed by the concerned national Constitutions.
This right includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers,
either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice
The Preamble of the Constitution of India itself secures, to the people, the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and
worship. Free speech is one of the most coveted fundamental rights in the world. In India, the freedom of speech and
expression is protected under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India. This is part of the basic fundamental rights.
Though the Indian Constitution does not use the expression “freedom of press” in Article 19, but it has been included in
one of the guarantees in Article 19(1) (a). This has been done by the wide interpretation given to this right by the able
judiciary of the country. Freedom of press has always been regarded as an essential pre-requisite of a democratic form of
government.
This freedom of press is not superior to that of an individual though. In fact, this freedom is fundamental to the life of an
individual. The expression ‘freedom of press’ means a freedom from interference from authority which would have the
effect of interference with the content and circulation of newspapers.
Reasonable restriction can be place on this right on eight grounds which are: Security of the State, Friendly Relations with
Foreign State, Public Order, Decency or Morality, Contempt of Court, Defamation, Incitement of an offence, Sovereignty
and integrity of India. Defamation: just as every person possesses the freedom of speech and expression, every person
also possesses a right to his reputation which is regarded as property. Security of the State is endangered by crimes of
violence intended to overthrow the Government. Friendly Relations with Foreign States: the object of this exception to the
freedom of speech and expression is to prevent libels against foreign States in the interests of maintaining friendly
relations with them.

77. Darth Vade made a statement: ‘I have lost faith in this government. Whenever a high ranked official is caught in
corruption, it disturbs my faith in democracy’. Barbie girl, on behalf of the govt, brought a case against him.
a. The statement was defamatory b. The statement was against integrity of India
c. Statement was within the boundaries of free speech d. Statement was in contempt of court
78. Tarzan had always believed that animals are real and felt connected to them. Gatsby told that Tarzan’s monkey is the
stupidest creature he has ever seen. Tarzan filed a case against Gatsby saying the statement is defamatory in nature.
a. It is not defamation since the subject was a monkey
b. It is defamation since it affects Tarzan
c. It is not defamation because the statement was true
d. It is not defamation because it was merely an oral statement
79. Hulk planned to take over Jackson’s govt in State of Haryana by any means possible. Hulk invited 100 individuals and
gave a speech motivating them to take over the govt. Captain America, one of the ministers of State, filed a suit against
Hulk
a. Hulk is not guilty since he was exercising his right to free speech
b. Hulk is guilty because he doesn’t have right to free speech on the account of him being an NRI
c. Hulk is guilty because it he intends to overthrow the govt
d. Hulk is not guilty because he might have meant taking over by democratic means
80. Pikachu always considers himself a great detective. He believed that Pakistan might attack India, therefore, formed a
team and distributed pamphlet explaining how to conquer Pakistan.
a. Pikachu is not guilty since he is protecting his country
b. Pikachu is guilty because he hates Pakistan PAGE 10
c. Pikachu is guilty because his actions affect international relations
d. Pikachu is not guilty because Pakistan has attacked India in past and thus, cannot be trusted
81. Jack Reacher Express was banned by the Govt of India to distribute its daily papers on the ground that JRE does not
appreciates govt policies, and therefore, the security of State is exposed. Is the action taken by the govt justifiable?
a. No, it affects the fundamental right of freedom of press of JRE
b. Yes, national security is under threat
c. Yes, it affects government image and hence the government stand is justified.
d. Yes, JRE’s articles were creating hurdles for the govt to function peacefully.
82. Harry Potter, a well-known scholar, at the Gurukul Academy made a remark on one of his Prof, Lord Voldemort. He
said that Voldemort does not have the spine to stand against Dumbledore and he is the ugliest person he has ever met.
a. Not guilty. Potter is a well-known personality and he must have thought this through before making such a
comment. (incomplete)
b. Not guilty because Voldemort was actually weaker than Dumbledore
c. Guilty, because Voldemort is Potter’s teacher
d. Guilty, it was beyond the scope of free speech and brings down Voldemort in the eyes of others
83. The Ghost of Babu Ji is a film made by Shanta Raghavan. The film tells how the government has failed to control the
situation during the infamous riot of Tanka. In fact, even the courts had criticised the government. The film is narrated by
the ghost of a person who is known as ‘Babu Ji’. The Govt reached court asking for a ban. Decide
a. Ban cannot be issued since every movie be displayed if it has been shot
b. Ban cannot be issued since the film does not make any false accusation and runs a true narrative
c. Ban can be issued since it creates unrest in the society
d. Ban can be issued since it attempts to overthrow the govt.
The right of self-defence must be fostered in the Citizens of every free country. The right is recognised in every system of
law and its extent varies in the inverse ratio to the capacity of the state to protect life and property of the subject (citizens).
One thing should be clear that, there is no right of private defence when there is time to have recourse to the protection of
police authorities. The right is not dependent on the actual criminality of the person resisted. It depends solely on the
wrongful or apparently wrongful character of the act attempted, if the apprehension is real and reasonable, it makes no
difference that it is mistaken. An act done in exercise of this right is not an offence and does not, therefore, give rise to
any right of private defence in return.
The right of Private Defence of the Body commences as soon as a reasonable apprehension or danger to the body arises
from an attempt or threat to commit the offence though the offence may not have been committed; and it continues as
long as such apprehension of danger to the body continues Right of Private Defence is available only to one who is
suddenly confronted with immediate necessity of averting an impending danger not of his own creation. Such necessity
must be present, real or apparent. The Right of Private Defence can’t be claimed against an act of Self Defence. Where
two parties come armed with determination to measure their strength and to settle a dispute by force and in the ensuing
fight both sides receive injuries, no question of right of private defence arises. In such a case of free fight both parties are
aggressors and none of them can claim right of private defence.
The Right of Private Defence of the Body extends to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the assailant,
if the offence which occasions the exercise of the right be of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated,
o Such an assault as may reasonably cause the apprehension that Death will otherwise be the consequence of
such assault;
o Such an assault as may reasonably cause the apprehension that
o Grievous Hurt will otherwise be the consequence of such assault;
o An assault with the intention of committing Rape;
o An assault with the intention of Gratifying Unnatural Lust; PAGE 11
o An assault with the intention of Kidnapping or Abducting;
An assault with the intention of Wrongfully Confining a person

84. Terminator entered the house of Lannister and started dragging Cersei. He hit her on her head and tapped her mouth,
and was about to put her in a van when Jamie shot him from behind the house. Terminator died at the spot
a. Jamie’s action is justified since Terminator was trying to abduct Cersei
b. Jamie’s action is not justified because the use of force was not proportional
c. Jamie’s action is justified because Terminator tapped Cersei’s mouth
d. Jamie’s action is not justified. He should have waited to see what Terminator was going to do next
85. Raju and Hari got into a fight over some trivial discussion, and both of the started hitting each other with steel rod. In
the meanwhile, Hari found a brick and hit Raju on his head. Raju died instantly. Can Hari rely on the principle of Right of
Private Defence to get away with his action?
a. Yes, he did not have the intention to kill
b. No, it was a free fight
c. No, because he hit Raju with a brick when they were fighting with rods, that is cheating
d. Yes, because otherwise Raju would have killed him
86. James Bond entered into a fight with his girlfriend, Bond Girl. Later, Bond Girl tried to steal a super-quality gun from
Bond’s house. When James saw her, she showed a plastic knife and said that she will throw the knife at him if he moves.
James was threatened and thus, shot her. Can James Bond claim right to self- defence?
a. Yes, because his life was in danger b. No, use of force was not proportional
c. Yes, a knife is considered as a heavy weapon d. No, because it was a free fight
87. 3 individuals, carrying weapons, entered Joseph’s house and started collecting all luxury items. When he tried to stop
them, they threatened to kill. At this moment, Joseph managed to snatch a gun from one of them, pointed it towards to
him and asked all 3 to leave his house. The other two individuals immediately shot Joseph and now, they are saying it
was done in Private Defense. Decide.
a. Yes, they can take the defense because their life was danger
b. No, because Joseph was acting in self-defense
c. Yes, because the threat was real and existing at that moment
d. No, because Joseph is a good man and would not have shot them
88. Chomin saw two persons entering her neighbour’s house, she immediately shot both of them. It was later found out
that they were thieves. However, Tamatar, the brother of deceased, made a complaint and now, the case is before the
court. Can Chomin take the shield of private defense?
a. Yes, because they were thieves
b. No, because her action was disproportional
c. Yes, because it was done in good faith
d. No, because her action was not proportionate to the apprehended danger and she had time to inform
authorities.
89. Dave saw that his friend is in danger. A robber had pointed a gun at his friend and was about to shoot but before that,
Dave shot the robber. The police found that the gun (robber’s gun) was fake. Decide the case.
a. Guilty, Dave cannot take law into his own hands
b. Not Guilty, Dave did it to save his friends live and he did not have time to think through
c. Not Guilty, because he killed a robber
d. Guilty, because his was also a robber earlier
90. Three unknown persons entered the Gokuldham society and tried to steal Iyer’s car. When a few society members
saw them, they left and started towards the exit gate. When they were about to reach the exit, Bhindi Master shot one of
them on his head. He died on spot. Decide as a judge.
a. Bhindi Master did a good job to stop the thieves
b. Private Defense will be available because thieves trespassed into the society and tried to steal car
c. Private Defense will not be available because there was no threat at the time of commission
d. Private will not be available it was done out of malice.