STEM Ismailia Mathematics Club

MA.1.05 Concepts:
1- Area
2- Volume
3- Composite figures

Grade 10
Skills:
Semester 1 1- Derive the formulas of areas and volumes.
LO. 5 2- Determine area and volume of different shapes and figures.
3- Determine volume of a composite figures.

Presented By
Ahmed Eid
Sameh Sayed
Math Club
Office
Peter Raafat
Youssef Hendawy
Haya Mahmoud
Supervised by
Mr. Mohamed
Hosny
First, we must agree that the area is 𝐴, Perimeter is 𝑃, Letral surface area
is 𝐿. 𝑆. 𝐴, and 𝑇. 𝑆. 𝐴.

Triangle
In triangle 𝑃 is the sum of its sides.
Area of triangle can be calculated
by many laws.
1
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ𝑏 , Where 𝑏 represents the
2
base and ℎ𝑏 is the height of that
base.

𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎 )(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐 ), Where

𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are the sides of the triangle
and 𝑠 is the half perimeter of the triangle.
In other words,
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑠= . This formula called the
2
“Heron’s Formula”. Heron’s formula can
get the area of the triangle by only
having the three sides.

1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃, Where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are sides
and 𝜃 is the angle between them.

√3 2
𝐴= 𝑠 , Where the triangle is an
4
equilateral triangle and 𝑠 is any side.

𝐴 = 2𝑟 2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶, Where the triangle

is inside a circle and 𝑟 is the radius of that circle and 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 is the
angles of the triangle.

1
𝐴= 𝑎𝑏𝑐, Where the triangle is also inside a circle and 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 is
4𝑟
the sides.

2
 1
𝐴 = 𝑟𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 , Where there is a circle inside the triangle and 𝑟 is the
2
radius and 𝑝 is the perimeter of
that circle.

Trapezium
In trapezium, 𝑃 is the sum of all of its sides.
𝑎+𝑏
Area of Trapezium is ⋅ ℎ.
2

Parallelogram
In Parallelogram
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ𝑏 , where 𝑏 is the base and ℎ𝑏 is the height of 𝑏.
𝑃 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏).

3
Rhombus
In Rhombus. You can calculate the
area with three methods.
𝑑1 𝑑2
1. 𝐴 = . Where 𝑑1 and 𝑑2 are
2
diagnoals.
2. 𝐴 = 𝑥 ⋅ ℎ𝑥 . Where 𝑥 is any side
and ℎ𝑥 is the height of 𝑥.
3. 𝐴 = 𝑥 2 ⋅ sin 𝜃. Where 𝑥 is any
side and 𝜃 is any interior angle of
Rhombus.
𝑃 = 4𝑥. Where 𝑥 is the side of the rhombus.

Circle
Perimeter of circle = 2𝜋𝑟 = 𝜋𝑑
Area of circle = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝜃
Length of 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑃𝑐 ⋅ , Where 𝑃𝑐 is the circumference of the circle.
360
𝜃
The area of the sector 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑐 ⋅ , Where 𝐴𝑐 is the area of the circle.
360

4
Cylinder
Volume of the Cylinder = 𝐴𝑏 ⋅ ℎ = 𝜋𝑟 2 ⋅ ℎ,
Where
𝐴𝑏 is the area of the base.
T.S.A (Total Surface Area) = 2𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + ℎ).
L.S.A (Lateral Surface Area) = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ .

Cone
T.S.A of cone = 𝜋𝑟 2 + 𝑙 ⋅ 𝜋𝑟, Where 𝑙 is the slant height and
𝑙 = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2 .
L.S.A=𝜋𝑟𝑙 unit squared.
1
Volume of cone = 𝜋𝑟 2 ⋅ ℎ.
3

5
Pyramid
1
Volume of pyramid = 𝑙𝑤ℎ, Where 𝑙 and 𝑤 is the dimensions of the
3
base and 𝑙 is the pyramid height. Note that
the base of the Pyramid is a reactangle
1
L.S.A = (𝑃𝑏 ) ⋅ ℎ = (𝑙 + 𝑤 ) ⋅ ℎ, Where 𝑃𝑏
2
is the perimeter of the base.
T.S.A= 𝐿. 𝑆. 𝐴 + 𝑙𝑤 = ℎ(𝑙 + 𝑤 ) + 𝑙𝑤.

Prism
Volume of prism = 𝐴𝑏 ⋅ 𝑙, Where 𝑙 is the length of the prism and 𝐴𝑏 is
the area of the base (which is the triangle).
L.S.A=𝑃𝑏 ⋅ 𝑙, Where 𝑃𝑏 is the perimeter of the base.
T.S.A= 2𝐴𝑏 + 𝐿. 𝑆. 𝐴.

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Regular Polygons
Regular polygons are polygons with sides 𝑛 and each side has 𝑙 length
and all the angles are equal.
The sum of all interior angles of regular polygon = (𝑛 − 2) ⋅ 180
180
Any angle of regular polygons = (𝑛 − 2) ⋅
𝑛

Perimeter of regular polygon = 𝑛𝑙.

𝑙2 𝑛
Area of regular polygon = .
180
4 tan
𝑛

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 Composite figures
A composite figure is a figure made up of basic figures such as cubes,
prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones.
To find the surface area, add the areas of each geometric figure.
To find the volume of a composite figure, draw any necessary planes to
view the figure as basic figures, then:
The volume of a composite figure is either sum of two or more figures
or difference between two figures.

Example
8
Find the volume of that figure.
As you can see that figure is a prism and a cuboid.
The volume of the prism = 𝐴𝑏 ⋅ 𝑙.
Since the triangle is equilateral so the Area of the
√3 √3
base of the prism = 𝑠2 = ⋅ 82 = 16√3 unit
4 4
squared. The volume = 𝐴𝑏 ⋅ 𝑙 = 16√3 ⋅ 8 = 128√3
The volume of the cuboid = 𝑙𝑤ℎ = 24 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 8 = 1536 unit cubed. The
volume of that figure = 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑 + 𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚 = 1536 + 128√3 unit cubed.

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The revolution
The revolution is a 2D shape that revolute
around a plane to make a 3D shape. For
example, if a circle revolute around the plane
𝐴 is it shown, It will make a shape called
“Torus”. This shape is seemed like the
donuts.

Becomes

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 Pappus's centroid theorem
Pappus’s centroid theorem is either of two
related theorems dealing with the surface areas
and volumes of surfaces and solids of
revolution.

The first theorem

The first theorem states that the surface area 𝐴
of a surface of revolution generated by rotating a plane curve 𝐶 about an
axis external to 𝐶 and on the same plane is equal to the product of the
arc length s of 𝐶 and the distance d traveled by the geometric centroid of
𝐶: 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑑.
For example, the torus surface area with a minor radius 𝑟 and the major
radius 𝑣 is 𝐴 = (2𝜋𝑟) ⋅ (2𝜋𝑣).

The second theorem

The second theorem states that the volume 𝑉 of a solid of revolution
generated by rotating a plane figure 𝐹 about an external axis is equal to
the product of the area 𝐴 of 𝐹 and the distance d traveled by the
geometric centroid of 𝐹. (The centroid of 𝐹 is usually different from the
centroid of its boundary curve 𝐶.) That is: 𝑉 = 𝐴𝑑.
For example, the torus volume with also a minor radius 𝑟 and the major
radius 𝑣 is 𝑉 = (𝜋𝑟 2 ) ⋅ (2𝜋𝑣).

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 Test Bank
[1] The solid of revolution generalized from by the region shown and
axe is:
A) A cone inside a cylinder
B) A cylinder inside a cone
C) A cylinder
D) A cone
[2] If the volume of solid of revolution formed by the given shape
around the straight line is 40𝜋(2 + √3) unit3. Then 𝑘 = ⋯
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

[3] The solid formed from the revolution of the triangle a complete turn
about the given straight line is:…
A) A cylinder with a hollow cone inside it
B) A cylinder with a two hollow cones inside it
C) A cylinder
D) A cone
[4] The volume of the solid from the revolution of the opposite figure
consists of semi-circle and a right-angeled triangle a
complete turn about the given straight line 𝐿 is …
A) 1536 𝑐𝑚3
B) 1736 𝑐𝑚3
C) 11488 𝑐𝑚3
D) 11588 𝑐𝑚3

11
[5] The opposite figure shows a net of a right cone, then its volume =
22
….cm3 (use 𝜋 = ).
7

A) 14√2
B) 6468√2
2156
C)
2
√2
2156
D)
3
√2

[6] The solid formed from the revolution of the

parallelogram a complete turn about the given straight
line is:
A) A cylinder with a hollow cone inside it
B) A cylinder with two hollow cones inside it
C) A cone and a cylinder with a hollow cone inside it
D) A cylinder and two cones outside it
[7] The solid formed from the revolution of the figure a
complete turn about the given straight line is:
A) A cylinder with a hollow cone inside it
B) A cone and a cylinder with a hollow cone
inside it
C) A cylinder
D) A cone
[8] A cube rests inside a sphere so that each vertex touches the sphere.
The radius of the sphere is 6 cm. Determine the volume of the cube.
A) 48√3
B) 216
C) 192√3
D) 864

12
[9] The area of the small circle is 49𝜋 and The area of the big circle is
64𝜋 so the difference between the big radius and the small one is…
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

[10] A triangle of sides 15, 20, and 25 is made to revolve about its
longest side, what is the volume of the solid formed?
A) 420𝜋
B) 840𝜋
C) 1200𝜋
D) 1500𝜋

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Solutions
[1]A
[2]A
[3]B
[4]B
[5]D
[6]C
[7]A
[8]B
[9]A
[10]C

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