I.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson the, learners should able to;
a. Identify and discuss the fundamental theorems of proportion.
b. Apply the fundamental theorem of proportionality to solve problems
involving proportion.
c. Explain the importance of fundamental theorem of proportionality

II. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Fundamental theorems of proportionality

b. Reference:Mathematics 3(integrated approach page 182-184).

c. Instructional Materials:
Whiteboards and markers
Geometry textbooks
Calculator
Examples for real world scenarios

III. Methodology

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY LEARNER’S ACTIVITY

MOTIVATIONAL:
What was our last topic that we A ratio is a comparison of two
discussed yesterday? Can anyone quantities by division. It is expressed
share their knowledge.
as the quotient of two numbers. For
example, if we have two quantities a
and b, the ratio of a to b is written as
a:b. Ratios can be written in several
equivalent forms. For instance, the
ratio 2:32:3 is equivalent to 2/32/3 or
2/32/3.

A proportion is an equation stating

that two ratios are equal. In other
words, if two ratios are equivalent,
INTRODUCTION:

What is fundamental theorems of

proportionality?
The fundamental theorems of
proportionality are principles in
geometry that establish relationships
between the lengths of sides and
segments in various geometric
figures, particularly triangles. These
theorems provide essential tools for
understanding and solving problems
related to proportional relationships in
triangles.

What are the theorems in

proportionality?

Learner 1: Angle bisector theorem:

The Angle Bisector Theorem is a

fundamental result in geometry that
concerns the proportions of sides of a
triangle when an angle bisector is
drawn.

Learner 2: Converse of the angle

bisector theorem

If a point on a line segment divides it

into two segments that are
proportional to the lengths of the two
other sides of a triangle, then the line
segment from the point to the
opposite vertex bisects the angle at
 that vertex."

Learner 3: Segment addition postulate

If three points A, B, and C are

collinear (meaning they lie on the
same straight line), and point B is
between points A and C, then the
length of segment AB plus the length
of segment BC equals the length of
segment AC."

Learner 4: Midpoint theorem

In any triangle, a line segment

connecting the midpoints of any two
sides will be parallel to the third side
of the triangle, and its length will be
half the length of the third side."

LESSON PROPER:

Scenario: An architect is designing a

triangular-shaped park. The architect
wants to place a lamppost at the
According to the Midpoint Theorem, if
midpoint of one side of the triangle. If
M is the midpoint of side AB, then AM
the other two sides of the triangle are
is congruent to MB. In this case, the
12 meters and 18 meters, Which do
midpoint of the side with length 12
theorem do you think will the architect
meters is at a distance of 12/2 = 6
use to solve this problem, why?
meters from one end. Therefore, the
architect can place the lamppost at
that midpoint to ensure symmetry.

Civil engineers are designing a new

road that intersects with an existing The engineers can use the Converse
one at a certain angle. They want to of the Angle Bisector Theorem. If a
ensure that the intersection is precise line bisects an angle and divides the
and proportionate. Can they use the opposite side proportionally, then the
Converse of the Angle Bisector line is an angle bisector. By
Theorem to check if a line bisects the measuring the sides and applying the
angle and divides the opposite side theorem, the engineers can ensure
proportionally? that the intersection is proportionate.

A surveyor is mapping out a triangular

piece of land. The surveyor knows
that one angle is bisected by a river,
and the other two sides are 40 meters
and 60 meters. Which do you think
the theorem will use?

Any clarification about the topic that

we discussed? Angle Bisector Theorem. Let BD be
the bisector. According to the Angle
Bisector Theorem, AC/CD = AB/BD.
Given that AC = 60 meters, AB = 40
meters, and CD is the unknown
ACTIVITY:
length, the surveyor can solve for CD
1. In triangle ABC, angle ∠ABC is using the theorem.
bisected by a line segment AD. If the
length of side AB is 10 cm, side AC is
15 cm, and BD is 4 cm, find the None madam/sir
length of CD.

According to the Angle Bisector

Theorem, if a line bisects an angle of
a triangle, it divides the opposite side
into segments that are proportional to
the other two sides.
2. In a line segment AB, point M is the
midpoint. If AM is 8 units, find the
AB/AC = BD/CD
length of MB. 10/15 = 4/CD
10 X CD = 15 X 4
CD = 15 X 4/ 10
CD = 6

According to the Midpoint Theorem, if

M is the midpoint of a line segment
AB, then AM is congruent to MB.

AM = MB

In this case AM = 8 units

3. In triangle XYZ, angle ∠XZY is
bisected by a line segment XM. If the Therefore, MB = 8 units
length of side XY is 12 cm, and side
XZ is 18 cm, find the length of YM.

According to the Angle Bisector

Theorem, if a line bisects an angle of
a triangle, it divides the opposite side
into segments that are proportional to
the other two sides.
XY/ XZ = XM/ MZ
12/18 = XM/MZ
XM = 12/18 X MZ
XM = 2/3 X MZ
Therefore, the length of XM is 2/3 of
the length of the MZ.

According to the Converse of the

Angle Bisector Theorem, if a line
divides an angle of a triangle into two
segments that are proportional to the
 other two sides, then it bisects the
angle.

4. In triangle PQR, angle ∠PQR is

bisected by a line segment PS. If the PQ/QR = PS/SR
lengths of PS and SR are equal,
PQ/QR = X/X
prove that PS is the angle bisector.
PQ/QR = 1
PS indeed the angle bisector.

According to the Converse of the

Angle Bisector Theorem, if a line
divides an angle of a triangle into two
ASSESSMENT: segments that are proportional to the
other two sides, then it bisects the
angle.
Given triangle ABC, angle ∠BAC is
bisected by a line segment AD. If AD
divides side BC into segments BD = 3 Let’s denote AD as X
cm and DC = 5 cm, prove that AD is BD/DC = AB/AC
the angle bisector.
3/5 = x/ x+8
3(x + 8) = 5x
3x + 24 = 5x
24 = 5x - 3x
24 = 2x
X = 24/2
X = 12
Therefore, AD = 12cm
ASSIGNMENT:
1. Define the term "similarity" in the
context of polygons