LESSON NOTE FOR SS1

SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION

CLASS: SS1

ORDERLINESS
Orderliness is a condition which involves the organization of things in a proper
and systematic way. Orderliness in order words means the quality of doing
things by a fixed principles or rate.

Doing things orderly would mean allowing things take their normal course turns
and follow prescribed procedures. it could mean relating things in the best way
they fit in or arranging things following their ascending and descending values
so that they are neatly and carefully organized or arranged, for instance, in
educational system, government provide structure, train and trained teachers,
pay them for their services, equip the school with modern teaching aids,
provide security for the students, parents on their own part pay the tutorial fee
while the teachers impact knowledge to the pupils. This is a procedure that can
quarantine orderly in the teaching.

FEATURES / EXAMPLES OF ORDERLINESS IN THE SOCIETY

1. Listening skills: it is important in learning and any students who cultivate
this perform excellently well in the class, noise disorganize
communication and causes misunderstanding or even failure.
2. Good driving skill: driving to safety involves observing traffic codes to
avoid accident that could cause pain, loss and death. One drives keeping
to his lane. Avoiding over speed, phone calls while on steering and not
 over taking other vehicles at bend, keep constant watch on mirrors in the
vehicle and controlling the car with knowledge, this is orderliness way of
driving.
3. Decorum: this is a polite behavior which is appropriate in school situation.
This shows that one should be decent in manners and appearing civil
while addressing other and helping strangers in need of help etc.
4. Queuing: it refers to be in a line people queue to enter bus, at fuel station
and also to fetch water, queuing promotes orderliness in everything we
do in public.
5. Due process: this involves following the rule of the game or operation in
anything one does e.g., taking our case to police, court or arbiters rather
than taking the laws into our hands or engaging in destruction, fight and
quarrels.
6. Religious tolerance: for peace and order, faithful of different religious
groups should learn to accommodate tolerate the view of others and not
get provoked into violence.
7. Peaceful protest. Citizens have the right to protest against bad
government programs and policies. However, while protesting, they
should do it peacefully according to the rules and regulations of the
government property because they were provided through tax money.
8. Taking your examination orderly by avoiding examination malpractice.
9. Peaceful conduct of election: there should be orderliness while
conducting election.
10.Cleanliness: the virtue of cleanliness helps individual to keep their
surrounding clean put things in order discard waste bin properly and take
 part in environmental situation. When citizens posed these virtues they
dispose refuse at disgruntled places. The practice of indiscriminate
dumping of refuse and used nylon or polythens will be drastically
reduced.

ROLES OF ORDERLINESS IN THE SOCIETY

WHAT IS SOCIETY: society is defined as the group of people who live in an area
and share the same physical and social environment. A society can also be a
large group of people with a particular organization, customs, law etc. living
together in a geographical entry e.g. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are smaller
societies while Nigeria herself is a big society.

The role of orderliness in the society cannot be over-emphases. The role

includes the following:

1. Good example of people. When an individual orderly in his / her behavior,

manner of speech and dressing exhibits good example to people to fellow
suit. Whenever there are more than one persons to be attended to in
public places, you can insist on quelling to avoid rush and chaos and
people will co-operate with you. This is due to your decorum which earn
you respect from people around you.
2. Orderliness enables you to train people around you for instance, the
teacher in a school teaches their lesson in an orderly manner. Each
subject has a time log allocated for the subject after which another
teacher enters the class to teach when the school bell goes for
changeover for lesson. Therefore orderliness enhance effective teaching
and learning in school.
3. Correcting young ones patiently to be careful in whatever they do. The
young one should be gently handled and guided. They are not happy
when adult shouts or screen at them. Do not correct younger ones
impatiently when they err because everyone makes mistake because
correction given patiently attract respect from the younger ones and
ensures that the mistake is not repeated.
4. Orderliness makes people to focus: the virtues of orderliness helps people
to avoid distractions and concentrate on the tasks they have before them.
It promotes justice and equity in the society. The culture of queuing helps
to protect the weak and elderly when people exhibited importance and
rush over things, the weak suffers.
5. Orderliness brigs about peace and harmony when the majority of the
citizens comply with law, there will be no place for criminal activities and
violence negative behaviors like cheating, stealing, cultism, and
examination malpractice will decrease. The entre society will be peaceful.
6. Orderliness promotes cleanliness and prolongs life : the culture of
orderliness helps citizens to dispose waste appropriately. When the
environment is clean, disease and sickness associated with dirty
environment will not invade the society, there is health and there is
increased life span.
7. Orderliness makes people to be careful about what they do. It makes
individual to be organize things in a proper manner. They know what to
do and right time to do it. They put things where they are supposed to be,
which makes for easy retrieval.
 8. Orderliness leads to all around development of the society. The economic,
social, cultural, political, and religious development of the entre society
depends on the business flourish where there is peace. The society that is
orderly, experience growth and advancement in all facts of life.
9. Naturally there is orderliness in the scheme of things for instance the
sunshine, in the day and gives way for the moon at night in the topics.
CONSTITUED AUTHORITY.

WHAT IS AUTHORITY? Authority means the official right of a person to control

or direct the affairs of the others within the group. It is the legitimate power to
compel other to obedience. It is the power or right to give order and enforce
compliance.

Authority is the power vested in a position which differentiates it from ordinary

power. Power is the ability to influence the behavior of another person or
group. Authority is backup legally, acceptance or force. Authority is said to be
constituted when it is conferred on somebody by law, constitution and customs.

WHAT IS CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY? This means the authority established,

entrusted and recognized to perform responsibilities or control the actions of a
group.

Constituted authorities are those leaders whose authority is recognize, accepted

and respected by people. Constituted authority can be described as a person or
a group of persons appointed or elected into position of authority or leadership.
Constituted authority is the power which the constitution of each people has
established to govern them.
 FORMS OF CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY

1. Line Authority. This is a form of authority which has chains of hierarchical

commands. It establishes superior sub-ordinate relationship. Authority runs
in a direct chain of command from top to the bottom, e.g. from principle of a
school to the head of department to the teachers, to school functionaries
then to the students.
2. Staff authority. This is authority given to people to advice, contribute
opinions but to make final decision. Theirs is to supervise, make
recommendation and receive mandate on what to do from supervisor.
3. Team authority. This is an authority vested on a committee to replace and
organize their own work and perform the same work with minimal
supervisor.

TYPES OF CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY.

1. Traditional authority: this is the authority based traditions and
customs of the people. They go by various tittles in different parts of
the country, e.g. Emirs, Obi , Eze, Oba,Igwe, Obong, etc. their authority
is inherited mainly in the Muslim part of the north and western
Nigeria, while in the east, they are either appointed or elected by
people.
2. Religious authority. This is leadership based on religion. They are
regarded as spiritual leaders, they teach moral values which makes for
stability of the society. They impact virtues which equip people with
 skills to obey rules, laws and regulations of the society e.g. Revered
fathers, priests, imams, pastors etc.
3. Legal; /government authority. This embraces all leaders that control
the political and economical affairs of the state. They are leaders
elected, selected or appointed through elected laws e.g., president,
governors, ministers, legislators, judges and magistrates etc.
4. Charismatic authority. The authority associated with a powerful
knowledgeable and respected personality. In this, the person by extort
influence, charm and love, on the masses who is willing to obey him.
Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Ikemba Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu.
5. Technical authority. This is the authority one exercise based on the
expert’s knowledge, skill in his given field of practices e.g. Prof Wole
Soyinka, and Prof Chinua Achebe etc have technical authority in area
of literature.
6. Delegated authority. It is a power of performance granted to lower
person by a higher authority to act on his belief. This is power
conferred by the legislators on certain members of the executive arm
of government to make laws on their behalf.
7. Positional authority. When one occupied an office, they exercises
power conferred on that office or position e.g. vice chancellors of
university, lecturers of polytechnics, provost of college of education,
principles of secondary school.
8. Coercive authority. It is an authority which has the forces of aims. This

is power exercise with guns and weapons of destruction. People are

subjected to obey by force e.g. military reign in Nigeria e.g. mortal
 Muhammad.

FUNCTIONS OF CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY.

1. To provide direction. Constituted authority in all organization is
channeled towards the achievement of the objectives of the
organization. They motivated and apply different leadership styles to
facilitate the accomplishment of both individual goals.
2. Maintenance of law and order. Constituted authority has the
responsibility to maintain law and order and ensure the security of life
and property of a citizen. The society must be orderly, so that the weak
is not oppressed by the mighty. A society without authority which
ensures compliance to the laws and respect for human life is in jungle.
3. Enactment of policies for the betterment of the entire society. They
review the existing laws and formulate new ones to conform to the
changing situation.
4. Protecting of group interest. The work to protect the interest of every
member of the group, the weaker member, the minority and the
disadvantages are not left out at the time of mercy of strong members.
They cater for the welfare of the members of the society.
5. Providing discipline and punishment to offenders. They help to install
discipline in members of the society. Penalties are attached to the
breach of rules of order to differ further offenders constituted
authorities therefore use punishment to maintain discipline.
RESPECT FOR CONSTITUTE AUTHORITY.
Respect for constituted authority or leadership simply
means obedience to leadership. Citizens are expected to
 obey their leaders through obedience to the rules and
regulations made by the leaders, when people have no
respect for authority. It implies doing things the authority
dislike or regard as wrong.
In order words, when individual in the society have respect
for constituted authority they do not only cherish authority
but also obey and carryout in solution by the authority.

IMPORTANCE OF CONSTITUTED AUTHORITY

1. Maintenance of peace and social harmony. Constituted

authority enforces discipline and respect for the law which are
necessary to the society and respect of man. It is only by this
that crime, violence and other societal ill can be reduced.
2. Protection of lives and property. The public and law enforcement
agencies ensures that lives of citizens are protected from evil
men, maintenance of security is paramount to the society
because it guarantees progress and welfare of the citizens
3. Administration of justice. The judiciary ensures that there is
equality of fair play and justice in the affairs of the government
and settlement of human being in the society. A constituted
authority managers social conflicts using the power conferred on
him.
4. Positive values and discipline in society: traditional leaders,
parents and religious leaders impact positive values like honesty,
hard working, responsibility, discipline, co-operation of the
members of the society. The religious leaders teach morals to
their congregation which in turn promotes discipline and
compliance to the rules and regulations.
5. Provision of social amenities. Constituted authority At
government level, harden the country’s resources and use them
to provide social amenities like good road, electricity, pipe borne
waters, hospitals etc to the citizens. They collect tax from the
adult citizens and utilized them effectively for the benefit of the
society.
6. For all round development of the society. Constituted authority
provides economic, social, political, legal and cultural
development of the society. They regulate economic activities to
ensure economic growth and development. The political leader
conducts free and fair election periodically to ensure that the
will of the people prevails.
7. Constituted authority preserves values. The traditional authority
being the custodian of the people’s customs and traditions
preserves this from one generation to another.
 8. Good achievement. Every organization has its aspiration which is
the very reason why it it’s established, authority of each
organization plays the role of co-coordinating both humans and
material resources for the achievement of goals and objectives
of the organization.
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

Citizenship education is a set of practice and activities aimed at making young

people and adults to participate actively in democratic life by assuming and
exercising their right and responsibilities in the society. It is the aspect of
education which enables people to make their own decision and to take
responsibility for their own life.

It is the education that conveys to the leaner’s, the body of knowledge, set of
values and behavior orientation which are considered vital and necessary for
the substance and well being of the people.

Duties and obligations of citizens to their communities

1. Volunteer in fighting in the armed forces. Citizens enroll into army to defend
their country and communities from enemies and invaders. In the traditional
setting there could be community or village invasion.
2. Paying of taxes, levies etc. citizens have to pay their taxes and
developmental levies willingly and promptly. The taxes can come from the
government, where as the levies are communally shared to develop the
society and community.
3. Being Royal to the community/country. We can do this by obeying all the

customary rules and regulation and laws. If all the customs, norms, etc are
obeyed, there would be peace, unity, love and progress in the community .
4. Take cars, preserve protect and conserve communities. Natural resources and
government infrastructural installation in the community. If the natural
resources are conserved, they would make judicious use of them and if
infrastructural installation is protected, they would be durable and last long
for the community.
5. Help the community/country to develop and grow. This could be achieved by
citizens doing their civic and cultural responsibilities.
6. Keep our surrounding clean. Citizens should keep our surrounding clean to
guide against outbreak of any infection or diseases, with cleanliness citizens
will live healthily.
7. Preserve the communities, culture and identity. Culture is said to be people’s
ways of life comprising their customs, arts, social organization, feelings or
beliefs that distinguish their community from another.
8. Vote wisely and choose candidates who can serve the people in the
government and community. This is a civic as well as cultural responsibility,
as such; the citizen cannot shy away from it.
9. Respect the rights of others. Respect for the right of others is a community
demand because it makes for peace, harmony and unity in the community.
Every citizen is duty bound to respect the right of others.
Skills necessary for preservation of our tradition, customs and beliefs in
Nigeria

Traditions, customs and beliefs are the components of our culture.

1. Tradition. Tradition is a beliefs, customs or ways of doing something that
has existed for a long time among a particular group of people.
2. Customs. Is an accepted way of behaving or doing things in a society?
3. Beliefs. Is the confidence that something or somebody is good and right?
Unfortunately, our tradition, customs and beliefs are gradually going
into extinction owing to many factors e.g. Influence of western
civilization, our attitude towards our culture etc. therefore, our traditions,
customs, beliefs needs to be preserved lest they finally go into extinction
to preserve them, we need the following skills.
1. Reactivation. Renovation and maintenance of art and cultural exhibition
centers and museums. In Nigeria most of the art centre and museums are
dilapidated. The federal, state and local authority should do everything
possible to reactivate and restructure those museums.
2. Removal of some cultural, adulteration from westernization.
Westernization has affected strongly our cultural stronghold, some of our
cultural heritage was described by the white as heathen, primitive,
diabolic, fetish etc. the words of traditional holy places and cultural
disorientation, our tradition, customs and belief were adulterated.
3. Rebuilding a loss confidence in traditional institution. The same
civilization and westernization weather the traditional institutions.
Traditional institution is the custodian of tradition, belief and custom with
things that fall apart, the centre was difficult to stand. So the government,
the community and the flag bearers of the tradition at institution
themselves should come together to establish were things went wrong
and address them so that the lost confidence could be restored.
4. Reorientation so that the lost confidence could be restored, foreign things
could be addressed. National orientation agency (NOA) should do a lot
here through sin posing, workshop, seminars and engaging traditional
institution in continuous tasks. Cultural studies should be included in
curriculum and thought in primary and secondary schools in Nigeria
through the study. Young boys and girls would have to see the essence,
content and significant of our traditional customs and belief.
5. Paying sufficient attention to character. Molding in school curriculum.
Curriculum planning could not be adequate and appropriate without due
consideration and recourse to people’s culture. Characters molding at the
centre of every tradition has its “dos and don’ts”. The etiquette moulds
the children characters if with such skills. If properly inculcated and
imbibed that we can have our tradition and customs preserved.
6. Concretizing cultural marriage institution so that family ties are not
disintegrated, the family is a powerful agent of cultural socialization
concretizing. Any fraction customs and beliefs not concerted at
home/family cannot go far in its substance maintenance and longest of
our tradition and customs have to be preserved than marriage institution
has to be strong in order to shoulder the burden of carrying our tradition.
7. The traditional chieftaincy title and traditional awards should be based on
merit not social status. The traditional stool should be given purely on
merit while chieftaincy should be awarded strictly on merit. The “EZE”,
OBA”, EMIRS” and the custodians of our tradition beliefs and customs
should also be by merit. Therefore, those interested in the preservation of
 our traditional should be worthily enough to do the secret
responsibilities.
8. The traditional chieftaincy and other institution, beliefs, customs, values,
habits, tradition of the people should be identified and streamlined with
the country’s social and economic
9. Cultural carnivals should be made periodical event in Nigeria, every state,
local government and autonomous communities should be compelled to
participate and display their cultural heritage in traditional dance,
masquerades, art etc.

HOW TO PROMOTE NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS, NATIONAL INTEGRATION AND

UNITY.

National consciousness is very vital in a diverse country like Nigeria with

varying cultures, tradition, languages and other sensibilities. It is a strong
patriotic feeling to one’s own country.

Unity in diversity has been the distinctive features of our culture to

live peacefully have been our motion and this motion has been helped as to
achieve independence. The term integrity means quality of being honest and
having strong moral principles. It also means the state of whole and not divided.
A lot need to be integrity and unity.

1. Equitable distribution of national revenue and setting of national project.

Every state, local government, tribes, community and individual
should be given it due portion. If this is done, there will be feeling of
governance and also no tribal and religious crisis.
2. Dividends of democracy should be made to be seen and feel and not
being heard on air and read on papers alone. Every city, community,
electricity, health care, school should have access to each of these.
3. In Nigeria today, government should implement any signed document by
the labor union to avoid strike.
4. There is youthful exuberance juvenile delinquency and crisis because the
youths are seen to have lost confidence in their country and their leaders.
The loss of confidence has to be restored. To achieve this, the youth
should be empowered and politicians should stop using youths as political
thugs.
5. Federal character is a concept in federal civil service. It means equitable
appointment into federal civil service. Nigeria is divided into zones and
states. In federal appointment, every state must be recognized e.g.
Appointment of ministers, ambassadors etc.
Federal characters are also reflected in the sitting of federal
government project e.g. every state must have federal government
secretariat work. Federal university should be disposed to adult
candidates from any part of the country as long as he / she are qualified.
6. Rules of laws have three principles, supremacy of law, and equality before
the law and right to personal liberty. Everybody is supposed to be equal
before the law irrespective of social, religious, political and economic
status.
This means equal treatment to all and sundry. There should be no
partiality in the adjudication of justice. Also the fundamental right of
citizens should be guaranteed.
7. Defense is one of the elementary functions of the government. It helps to
protect our lives and property, it defense us from the hands of armed
robbers, kidnappers, poor security is a very worrying problem in African
at large and Nigeria in particular. Many families have lost their bread
winners and properties in one crisis. E.g. military in the Niger delta and
ongoing book Haran problem in the north.
8. Family ideally should be strengthened. The family is an agent of
socialization and nation would be good if children learn from their
parents. Responsible parents would always produce responsible children.
But the government has to do a lot to strengthen family ideals,
sizeable number of parents in Nigeria are civil servants. They should be
paid as when due. Those who are retired should be paid their pension and
gratuity.