Nitsche HeatExchanger

Heat exchanger design guide : a practical guide for planning, selecting
and designing of shell and tube exchangers : with numerous practical

examples / M. Nitsche and R. O. Gbadamosi. – Amsterdam [etc.], cop.
2016
Spis treści
Foreword ix
1. Heat Exchanger Design 1

1.1 Procedure in Heat Exchanger Design 2
1.2 Information about Heat Exchangers 12
Nomenclature 18
References 19
2. Calculations of the Temperature Differences LMTD and CMTD 21

2.1 Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference for Ideal
Countercurrent Flow 21
2.2 Corrected Temperature Difference for Multipass Heat Exchanger 22
2.3 Influence of Bypass Streams on LMTD 29
2.4 Mean Weighted Temperature Difference 30
2.5 Determination of the Heat Exchanger Outlet Temperatures 32
References and Further Reading 35
3. Calculations of the Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure

Losses in Convective Heat Transfer 37
3.1 Tube-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient 41
3.2 Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient 42
3.3 Comparison of Different Calculation Models 49
3.4 Pressure Loss in Convective Heat Exchangers 51
3.5 Heat Exchanger Design with Heat Exchanger Tables 56
Nomenclature 63
References and Further Reading 63
4. Geometrical Heat Exchanger Calculations 65

4.1 Calculation Formula 65
4.2 Tube-Side Calculations 68
4.3 Shell-Side Calculations 70
5. Dimensionless Characterization Number for the Heat Transfer 75

5.1 Reynolds Number Re for the Characterization of the Flow Condition 75
5.2 Prandtl Number Pr, Peclet Number Pe,
and Temperature Conductivity a 75
5.3 Nusselt Number Nu for the Calculation of the Heat Transfer
Coefficient 76
5.4 Stanton Number St for the Calculation of the Heat Transfer
Coefficient 76
5.5 Colburn Factor JC for the Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient 77
5.6 Kern Factor JK for the Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient 77
5.7 Graßhof Number Gr for the Calculation of the Heat Transfer
Coefficient in Natural Convection 78
References 78
6. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and Temperature Profile 79

6.1 Calculation of the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 79
6.2 Calculation of the Temperature Gradient in a Heat Exchanger 84
6.3 Viscosity Correction 86
6.4 Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient from the Overall Heat
Transfer Coefficient 88
Nomenclature 89
References 89
7. Chemical Engineering Calculations 91

7.1 Vapor Pressure Calculations 91
7.2 Equilibrium between the Liquid and the Vapor Phase 93
7.3 Bubble Point Calculation 94
7.4 Dew Point Calculation 95
7.5 Calculation of Dew and Bubble Lines of Ideal Binary Mixtures 95
7.6 Flash Calculations 97
7.7 Condensation or Flash Curve of Binary Mixtures 99
7.8 Calculation of Nonideal Binary Mixtures 101
7.9 Flash Calculations for Multicomponent Mixtures 103
References 104
8. Design of Condensers 105

Construction Types of Condensers 106
8.1 Condenser Construction Types 106
8.2 Heat Transfer Coefficients in Isothermal Condensation 111
8.3 Comparison of Different Calculation Models 122
8.4 Condensation of Vapors with Inert Gas 125
8.5 Condensation of Multicomponent Mixtures 129
8.6 Miscellaneous 135
Nomenclature 145
References 145
9. Design of Evaporators 147

9.1 Evaporation Process 148
9.2 Evaporator Construction Types 149
9.3 Design of Evaporators for Nucleate Boiling 158
9.4 Design of Falling Film Evaporators 172
References 179
10. Design of Thermosiphon Reboilers 181

10.1 Thermal Calculations 182
10.2 Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient 184
10.3 Calculation of the Two-Phase Density and the Average Density
in the Reboiler 191
10.4 Flow Velocity wReb in the Reboiler 193
10.5 Determination of the Required Height H1 for the Thermosiphon
Circulation or the Maximum Allowable Pressure Loss ∆Pmax
in Thermosiphon Circulation 194
10.6 Design of Riser and Downcomer Diameter 203
10.7 Calculation of the Pressure Losses in the Thermosiphon Circulation 206
10.8 Calculation of the Required Reboiler Length or Area for the Heating
up to the Boiling Temperature and for the Evaporation in Vertical
Thermosiphon Evaporators 212
10.9 Required Heating Length for Vertical Thermosiphon Reboilers
According to Fair 215
10.10 Calculation of the Pressure and Boiling Point Increase by Means
of the Liquid Height H1 218
10.11 Average Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for Heating + Vaporizing 221
10.12 Calculation of the Vapor Fraction x of the Two-Phase Mixture
in a Vertical Reboiler 221
10.13 Thermosiphon Reboiler Design Example 222
References 226
11. Double Pipe, Helical Coil, and Cross Flow Heat Exchanger 229
11.1 Double Pipe and Multipipe Heat Exchangers 229
11.2 Helical Coil Heat Exchanger 237
11.3 Cross Flow Bundle 241
Nomenclature 244
References 245
12. Finned Tube Heat Exchangers 247

12.1 Why Finned Tube Heat Exchangers? 247
12.2 What Parameters Influence the Effectiveness of Finned Tubes? 249
12.3 Finned Tube Calculations 251
12.4 Application Examples 259
References 264
Index 265
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Heat exchanger design guide : a practical guide for planning, selecting

and designing of shell and tube exchangers : with numerous practical

1. Heat Exchanger Design 1

2. Calculations of the Temperature Differences LMTD and CMTD 21

3. Calculations of the Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure

4. Geometrical Heat Exchanger Calculations 65

5. Dimensionless Characterization Number for the Heat Transfer 75

6. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and Temperature Profile 79

7. Chemical Engineering Calculations 91

8. Design of Condensers 105

9. Design of Evaporators 147

10. Design of Thermosiphon Reboilers 181

12. Finned Tube Heat Exchangers 247

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