mm go g w a fi ,

T HE GO S PE E
’

ACCO RD I NG TO

T HE HE B R E WS
ITS FRA GM EN T S TRA N S LA TED A N D A N N OTA TED

C R I T I C AL A NALYSI S OF T HE EX T ERN AL A ND I NTERNAL

EV I D EN CE R ELAT I N G T O IT

EDWARD BYRON NICHOLSON, M A . .

LAT E O
S CH LAR OF T RINIT Y O E E
C LL G O O
X F RD

O O O
,

PRINCIP AL AN D E E
S UP RIN T N D NT E O F T HE L ND N INSTIT UT I N

LOND O N

C . KEGAN PAUL CD .
,
1 PAT ERNO S TER S Q UARE

18 7 9
 TO T HE

REV . HENRY HALL HOUGHTON M A -

, . .

( WI T HO U T K N O WI NG HIM O R A SK IN G ms

3 Ethimtz this £ 00 k

AS THE I ST O T OME
FR U C OF T I ES T O WH ICH I WAS
S UD BY HIS
FO N AT I O N
U D , J OINT LY WI T H T HE LATE REV J OH N HALL
.
, BD . .
,

OF T HE HALL- HOUGHT ON PR IZ E S IN T HE
U NIV E RS I T Y OF O X FO R D
 F OR E WO RD S .

IN w r iti n g an illu str ati v e ay (w h i c h w ill be pub

c om m e n t r

li s h e d n e x t Ja n ua ry ) up on th e Go s p e l a c cor d in g to M a tth e w ,

I ha d to qu ote th os e fra g m e n ts of th e Gos p el accor di n g to

th e He b r ew s w h i ch a n s w e r to M a tt v i 1 1 a n d xx iii
. 35
. . .

T h i s i n v olv e d s om e n oti ce of th a t w or k a nd as c r iti c al, ,

O p i n i on a b ou t i t w as by n o m e an s u n an i m ou s I r e s olv e d to ,

ma k e afull e x am i n ati on of i t i n an app e n di x T h e app e n di x .

,

h ow e ver s oon b e ca ,
m e v er y a w kw a r d ly l on g a nd w a s m or e ,

o v e r e n tir e ly ou t o f c ha ra c te r w i th th e n a tu r e o f m y co m
m e n ta ry ; s o th a t I determ i n e d to p ut i t forth a s as ep a ra te
b ook .

No a
p ol og i e s n ee d be m ade for d o i n g th i s Hi lge n feld s
.
’

ed iti on s h ow s th at e v en i n Ge m an y th e r s ubj e c t i s fa
r from

w o k e d out ; w h i l e th e p a
r s sag e o f tw en ty-s i x l in e s i n
*

Profe s s or We s tc ott s Ca n n f th e N e T ta m n t w h i ch p u
’
o o w es e r

p o ts to p r e s e n t th e O p in i on s of an ti qu ity ab out th i s l o s t
r

Go s p el a n d w h i ch h a
,
s b e e n r e p in te d w ith out ch a
r n g e tw i c e

i f n ot th e e ti m e s s i n ce th e a
r pp e aan ce of Hil gen feld s e d iti on
r
’
,

s h ow s th at in En gl an d e v en Hilgen feld i s all but u n k n o w n .

I ha v e aim e d at ac cur acy an d l og i cal m e th od an d h av e ,

n o e x c u se s to m a k e i f I h av e fall en s h ort of th e s e ai m s A s .

re ga r d s c om pl e te n e s s I h a v e n ot i n de e d s p en t a l i fe ti m e i n
,

ra n sa c k i n g th e e n ti r e b o dy of e a r ly C h r i s ti a n l ite r atur e o r ,

e v e n Sy r i a c l i te r atu r e i n s e ar c h o f u n d i s c o v e r e d q u o ta
, ti o n s

9"
S e e App en di x A , Pr of ‘
. Wes tc ott s ’
S tate m e n t o f th e Ex te r n al
i
Ev de n c e .
’
v iii For ew or ds .

fro m an d n oti ce s of th e Gos p e l acc or din g to th e He b r ew s

n a I ha
y , v e n ot tr i e d to a c qua i n t m y s e l f w i th w h a t h as b een

sa i d by e v ery m o dern e v e n e ve ry Ger m an w ri te r up on th e

,

s ubj e c t I ha
. v e in de e d p r e s um e d th at Hi lgen fe ld w ould
, ,

h av e g ath er e d fr o m h i s for er u n n e r s w h ate ve r w as w or th

g ath er i n g i n th e w ay of ill us tra ti o n a n d th e ory I di d n o t
,

w a nt . With th e se r e s er v ation s I th i n k I m ay cl ai m to h ave

s tu d i e d com pl e te n e s s .

For th e s tyl e of m y tr a n sl a ti on s I m u s t a s k i n dulg e n ce .

S crup ul ou s e x a c tn e s s w a s s o i m p or ta n t th a t I ha v e tr i e d t
be a s l i te r a l as m i ght be w ith ou t b e in g al tog eth er u n r e adabl e .

O n e th i n g I d o m os t e a r n e s tly b e
g th a,
t n o o n e w i ll b e

p r ej udi ce d ag ai n st th e cl ai m s of th e Fr ag m en ts to g e n u i n e
e va n g e l i ca l or i g i n by th e i r l ook i n th e ir En gl i s h dr e s s If .
,

h ow e v er th e Gr e ek i s r e ad as w e ll or th e n ote s c on tain in g
, ,

av erb al a na ly s i s or i f th e e qually l iter al tr an s l ati on s m ade

,

by m e from th e c an on i c al Gosp el s ar e c om p ar e d I h av e n o ,

fe a r of a n s u c h p r ej u d i ce a ri sm
g
y .

To a n
y o ne w h o m a ha
y v e re a d a n d l i ke d al i ttl e b o ok i n

w h i c h I e xpr e s s e d c e rta in v i ew s ab out En gl i s h w r itin g an d i n ,

w h i c h I tr i e d to c a rr y ou t th os e v i e w s a s fa r a s I da red I ,

m us t a l s o e x cu s e th e gen er al s ty l e of th e w ork : i t w as w r itte n

b e for e th ough p ubl i sh e d after th e o th er an d I h av e h ad n o
, ,

ti m e to w r i te i t o v e r a g ai n .

It i s i m p orta n t to a dd i n w h a t s p ir it I h a v e w r itte n .

T h e s ubj e ct i s on e on w h i c h i t i s a l m ost i m p os s ibl e to be

w i th out afor e b i a s On e m a b e b i as e d a g ai n t th G p l
.
y s e o s e

ac cor d i n g to th e He b re w s by i ts a b s e n ce fr o m th e Can on or
by s u s p i ci on of th e s e cts w h o u s e d i t O n e m ay be b i as e d
.

for i t by h o s ti l i ty t o th e C a n on ,
by b e l i ef i n an Ar am ai c
or i gi n a l of th e Gos p el ac cor din g to M atth e w by p r e p os se s s i on s
i

i n fa v our of th e N az ar e n e s by s o m e o f th e Fr ag m e n ts the m
,

s e lv e s a n d by aw i s h to r e c o v e r s om e g e n u i n e p a
, r t o f th e

l o s t m as s of e ar ly e v an g e l i c l iter ature I w i sh to s ay th at I
.

h av e b e e n b i as e d by e v e r y o n e o f th i s l atter cl as s of i n fl uen c e s
e x ce pt th e fi r s t . Bu t I h a v e don e m y b e s t to o v er c o m e th i s
 F ’
or ew or rzs . ix

b i as an d h av e b e en p ain fully an x i ou s to s tate n oth in g as

,

p r o b abl e w h i ch w as n ot s o an d n oth i n g as c ertain w h i ch

,

w a s o n ly h i g h ly p r o b a bl e N
. o r c a n I s e e w h a t o th e r d e d u c

t i on s i t w a s p os s ibl e t o m a k e fr om th e e v i den c e b e for e m e .

If a c o py of th e Gos p e l a c cor d i n g to th e He b r e w s o r of
,

e i t h e r o f J e r o m e s tr a n sl a ti on s o f i t sh oul d e v e r be r e cov er e d
’
,

-w h i c h ju dg i n g fr om th e r e co v e r i e s of th e l a s t for ty y e a rs ,
,

i s by n o m e a n s out of th e q u e s ti on — m y hyp oth es i s m i gh t be

blo w n to th e w i n ds But I do n ot s e e h ow an y oth e r hyp o
.

th e s i s w a s n ea r ly s o p r ob a bl e on th e e v i de n ce p r e s en te d by
t h e e x i s ti n g Fr a g m e n ts tak e n i n conju n ction w ith th e ex i s t
.

i n g e v i de n ce of a n c i e n t w r ite r s .

I ha v e h ad m u ch h e lp fr o t e th i y thr e e p ag e s g i v en
'
m h r t -

t o th i s Go sp el by Hi l ge n fe l d i n Fa s c i c u lu s IV o f h i s N ov um
.

T es ta m en tu m ea tr aOa n on em R ecep ta m (Li p s . Hi s e x

am i n ati on o f th e e xte rn al e v i de n c e i s h ow e v er but as k etch
, , ,

w h i l e h i s i n te r n a l e v i d e n ce (s c atter e d throu gh th e n ote s) i s

for th e m o s t p a rt ,
I th i n k qu i te d e s ti tu te of v a
,
l u e He .

sees al m os t e v er y w h e r e a for m of n arr ati v e e a rl i e r th a n

th a t of th e Gr e ek M a tth e w bu t h i s r e a
,
s on s s e e m to m e i n

th e h i gh e s t d e g r e e fa n c i ful .T h ere i s n o a pp ro ach to sy ste

ma ti c v er b a l an aly s i s an d th e i m p etu o s ity o f ju dg e m e n t
,

w hi ch a ffir m s th a t th e Gos p e l a cc or d i n g to th e He b r e w s
"

o ffe r s to th os e w h o a re i n v e s ti g ati n g th e ori g i n of th e

ca n on i c a
‘
l Gos p e l s th e l on g s ou g h t pu n ctu m Ar ch i m e di s ’

i s ch a ra cte r i sti c o f th e e n ti r e w ork But I h a

. v e h ad fr om i t
m u c h h e lp i n m a ny w a y s w h i ch I m i ght n ot h av e got at ,

l e ast w ith out g re at tr oubl e fr om oth e r s our ce s an d I r e cor d

‘

, ,

th e a b ov e cr i t ici s m s on ly th at th os e w h o c an n ot c om p are
th e t w o w ork s m a y n ot s u s p e c t m e o f m u c h g r e a te r i n d e b t
e d n e s s th a n I l i k e to a ck n ow l e dg e .I m u st a l s o ack n o w le dg e
ah e avy deb t to h i s s e cti on s on th e Gosp e l accor di n g to P e ter ,

He br ae or u m e v an geli u m n obi s ev an geli or um origin e m i n

v e s ti an ti bu s e ti am u A h i m d i p u n c tum ra eb e t q u o d to t
g n n c r c e s
p ,

v ir i d o c ti i n e va e li o s e cu n du m M a
r c u m fr u s tr a u a
’
n s i v e r un t
g q e ,

p . 13 .
x ii For ew or ds .

For th e v erb al an aly s i s of th e Fr ag m en ts I h av e o f co ur s e

u sed Br u d er C on c ord a
’
s n ce .

N ot k n ow i n g an y Ar a
m ac, I i h av e ask e d of my fr i e n d
th e R ev . He r m a
Dr .n n Adl e r th e Ra
,
bb i O f th e
w e ll k n o w n

Ba y s w ater Syn ag o gu e s u ch que s ti on s as m y w r itte n auth o

,

r i ti e s l eft m e i n d oub t a b ou t an d I m o s t gr ate fully ackn ow

,

l e d g e h i s u n v ary in g re adin e s s to g i v e m e e v ery i n form ati on ,

an d h i s v er y k i n d i n te re st i n m y w ork .

T o m y fe ll ow l ib r a ri a n s M r R Ha rr i son o f th e L o n do n
,
. .

L ibr a r y th e R ev T Hun te r O f D r Wi ll i a ms s a
’
, . . n d th e R ev
.
,
.

W H M i lm an of S i on C oll e g e I ow e th an k s for m an y faci

. .

l i ti es a c c or d e d m e .

La s tly an d v ery fa
,
r i n de e d fr o m l e a stl
y I th an k w i th ,

a ll m y h e a r t th e s ub s cr i b er s w i th ou t w h om I d a r e d n ot

c ha n ce th e p ubl i c ati on of m y w or k S p e cia lly th an k ful .

ough t I to be to th o s e m a n y h i gh di n i t a
g r l e s of th e C hu r c h

o f En gl a n d w h o i n th e i n te re s ts o f cr i ti c a
,
l th e ol ogy g av e ,

th e i r p a tron a ge to ab ook of w h os e con clus i on s an d aw r i te r

of h os e r eli g i ou s o p i n i on s th e y kn e w n oth in g—s im ply
w

tr u s ti n g i n th e s ta tem e n t of m y p r os p e ctu s th a t I e n ter e d

th i s fi e l d of l i te r a i n th e ca u s e n e ith e r of or th odo x
‘
tu r e
tr a diti on n or o f i ts i m p ugn e r s I h O p e th a t th e y and a
’
. ll
o th e r s w h o r e ad th e b o ok w ill fin d n oth i n g i n i t to m a ke
t h e m s u s p e ct th e s i n ce r i ty o f th a t s ta te m en t n oth i n g to ,

ma k e th em s usp e ct th at i t h as b een e v e n un con s ci ou sly , ,

i n fl u en ce d by an y r el i g i ou s O p in i on s w h ate v e r .

L OND ON I N ST IT T ON
U I ,

O c tobe r , 1 8 7 9 .
 SYN O P SIS “

PA R T I .

THE E X TE R NAL E VID EN CE .

S cope a
n d m e th od of th e pre sent w ork

i
Ev dence of IRENAEU S
C LE MEN T OF A L EX AN DR I A
OR I GE N .

EUsEBIU s

to th e us e of thi s Gos pel by HEGESIPPUS

i
D oes Euseb us bea
r w tness to i ts i use by P AP I A S
E v i dence of EPIPHANIU S c on cern i ng th e Naza
ren e te x t

i
Ebi on te te x t
Was th e Ebionite Gospel w ritten i n Greek or e tant i n aGre ek version ? x

Ex pla
na tion of th e v a
rio us begin ni ng
s o f th e Ebi onite Gos
p el

E vidence of J EROM E
re spe ct ng i O RI GEN S’
us e of th s i Gospe l
JU L IAN THE PELAGIAN refers to Je om and th is Gosp l r e e

T HEOD ORE OF MOPSUESTIA a ccuse s J erom e O f fo ging i t r .

i
Ev dence Of THE OD ORET

BE D A
NIKEPHO RU S
SEDULIU s S coTU s quotes i t

Q uota
ti ons from i t i n C odex Ti s ch en dorfian us III .

Not th e s a
me a
s th e Gospel ccording to th e
a T w el ve A postles
 PAR T II .

T HE FR A GM EN TS
’
.

A rra
nge d in corre s pon dence w ith th e Gospel ccording to Ma
a tth e w .

Note Fr 19 .
! Matt . x v nI . 22

Fr 1 , Eb
. i i on te prefa
ce . Fr 2 0 . Ma
tt . x ix . 1 6—
24

Fr 2 .
! Ma
tt ii . 5 Fr 21 .
! Ma
tt . xxi . 9

Fr . 3 ! Ma
tt 11 15 Fr 2 2 .
( Matt . x xi . en d ? ) J oh n

53— iii
'

Fr . 4 ! Ma
tt . 11 23 vu . v . 11

Fr . 5 ! Ma
tt 111 1—7 Fr 2 3 .
! Ma
tt . xx m 35 .

Fr 6 .
!
Ma
tt . 111 Fr . 24 ! Ma
tt . x xv . 14—30 .

Fr 7 .
!
Ma
tt 111 13 —17 Fr 2 5 .
! Ma
tt . xx v i . 17 , 1 8

Fr 8 . Matt . 1 11 .
( en d ) Fr 2 6 .
! tt
Ma . xx vi 74

Fr 9 .
! Ma
tt . iv . 5 Fr 2 7 .
! Ma
tt . x x v u. 16

Fr 1 0 .
!
Ma
tt . v . 22 ? Fr 28 .
!
Ma
tt . xx v u . 51

Fr 11 . Ma
tt . v . 24 ? Fr 2 9 .
! tt
Ma . xxv iii .
( 1 C or .

Fr 1 2 .
! Ma
tt . vi . xv . 7)

Fr 1 3 .
! Ma
tt . x. 25 Fr . 30 ( Ma
tt . xxv m)
. Luk e

Fr 1 4 .
! Ma
tt . x . ? xx v i . 39

Fr 15 .
! Ma
tt . xi i IO Fr 3 1 .

Fr . 16 ! Ma
tt . xi i . 47—50 Fr 3 2 .

Fr 1 7 .
! Ma
tt . xv . 24 Fr 3 3 .

Fr 18 .
!
Ma
tt . xvi. 17

PAR T III .

THE IN TER N AL E VID E N CE A ND ’

C ON CL US I ONS .

1 . Cha
racter O f thi s Gospel 78
C on tr sts w a i th A pocryph a
l Gos pels 78
Heretica
l corruptions of Epiph a
ni us
’
s Eb i iton e co y
p 78
A bsen ce of s uch e vidence again t oth er copies
s 79
Es t m a i
te of th e m ora
l na
ture of J esus a
n d th e ex tent of h is k n ow le d e
g 79
 sy e
m e a XV

Th e i it a th m th
Holy Sp r fJ s e o er o e sus

Li m it d i pi a
e ti f th p ph t
ns r on o e ro e s

A ti- Ebi it vi
n f th i di i
on e mi iew o e r v ne ss on

d t i a l a pta f th i G p l
’
J mero e s oc r n cce n ce o s os e

A ppli a ti c f i m ila t t t th
on o a i a
s l G p l r es s o e c n on c os e s

T h Naa e ad
z ib d by Ma l ad N a d
re n e s s es cr e n se n e n er

2 . R lati
e t th
on s k
o o er w or s

a
( ) U a i al
nc n on c

Th e Pre a
ch i ng o f Pe ter

Th e Gos pel ccording to

a Pe ter

6 C n on i ca
a l
( )
Cr t i i al aaly i
c n s s of e a
ch fra
g m e n t

S um m a
r
y of resul ts

Not com pil e d from Ma

tth e w a
n d Luk e

s s O f Ma
Not th e ba tth ew i or L uk e

Writer s th e ory ’
Of id tity
en of a
u t h orshi p w ith Ma
tth e w

Modern pa
rallels

T em pora a
nd rtia
a l u of th e a
c n oni c a
l Gos pel s
ry p p r os e s
p
Th e n ote -
book th eory Of a
Gospel- u h orshi p t
Writer s th eory ’
of rel ti on
a to Luk e

C h ron olog ca rela i l

t on to th e i a
c non c i a
l Ma
tth e w

Ha
rm ony of th e w r it er s
’
th eory w ith th e Pa
pi a
s t a
nd

Era
smi a
n i
v ew s

l ha
Genera rm ony of th e ex tern a n d interna
l a l ev idence

i
Pos ti on of th i s Gospel i n th e se con d c en tur
y
Note on th e m eth ods a
nd res ul ts of th e a
uth or of

R eligi on

Wh ere oth er fragm ents of it m a

y be h i d

A D D END A .

C om pa
ri s on Of EU SE I US ith I RE AEUS
B w N

NIKEPHORU S C ALLISTU S
Furth er n ote on Fr 2 1.

rci a
Ma ’
n us

L ength of th e Gos pel cc ordi ng to

a th e Hebre w s
xv i Sy n ops i s .

APPEND I CES .

A . Profe ssor Wes tcott s statem ent

’
of th e ex tern l e vide nce
a
B Pa
p. ia ad Matth
s n ew

T h e Gospel Of Ca
rp ocra
tes a
n d K e ri nth us

D . Ta a ti
n s D
’
iat a
ess ron

E J usti n
.
’
s
‘m e m o i rs of th e A pos le s t ’

. l y sis
F A na of e x tern l a
a nd i nte rn a
l evi de nce for nd a
a gain s t th e

ge n u i
n eness of J oh n v ii . 53—
v iii . 11

G J es us Ba
. r-A bba

H . Proba
ble or p os s ibl e fra
g m e nts of th e Gospe l ccordi ng
a to th e
Hebrew s ( w ith prel im i a
n ry n ote on th e quota
t ons i 111 th e S e con d
i
Ep stle of Clem ent ’
a
nd th e i
C lem ent ne Homi l e s) i
 GOSPEL ACCORDING T0 THE HEBREWS .

I.

T HE EX TE R N A L E VID E N CE .

‘
T HE GOS P EL ac c ord i n g to th e Heb r e w s i s th e n am e of a
Go s p e l of w hich i ty kn o w n f ag m en ts h av e
on ly s om e th r r

c om e d ow n to our d a y It i s m y O bj e c t
. t o g a
t h e an d e x a
m i n e r

th e s tate m e n ts an d O p i n i on s o f a n c i e n t w r i te r s a bo ut th i s
l ost Gos p e l ; to aran g e t an sl ate an d i ll us trate i ts f ag
r ,
r , r

m e n ts l as tly to an aly s e th e i n te n al e v i de n ce p e s e n te d by
,
r r

th e f a gm e n ts an d c om p ain g i t w i th th e e x te n al e v i den c e
r , ,
r r
,

bl e s u s to s h ap e an y l ik e ly hyp oth e s i s
to s ee w h e th e i t e n a
r

as to th e ch a ra cte r an d o r i g i n of th e w or k to w h i c h th e y be

l on g e d .

*
IR EN A E U S i s firs t e x tan t w ri ter w h o r e fe rs to th e
th e
Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s To m a k e h i s r e fer e n ce
.

in te ll i gibl e i t i s n e e dful first to s ay th at th e e arly Chu r c h be

l i ev e d M a tth e w to h a v e w r itte n h i s Gos p el i n Hebr e w r ”
,

Born a n d e du c a te d i n A s i a a b out 1 20— 4 0 A D p upil o f Poly. .

,

ca r
p an d P a p i as ,
m a d e B i s h o p O f L y o n i n 1 7 7 s ti ll,
l i v i n
g i n 19 7 ,

s upp o s e d to h a ve bee n m ar ty r e d i n 202 .

T T h e r ea l Hebre w h ad l on g b ee n ade ad sp e ech but th e n am e

—
,

w a s c om m on l
y g i v e n to Syr o C h a - l d a i c o r Ar a m ,
a i c a s i t i s n ow

g e n e ra l ly te r m e d . T h u s i n A ,
c ts xxi a n d x x n 2 Pa
. .u l i s s a i
, d to

ha v e Spok e n to th e p e ople in th e He br e w ton gu e an d J e ro m e

‘ ’

a
, ,

w h o sp ea k s O f th e Go s p e l a c c o r din g to th e He br e w s s w r i tte n

in de e d in th e Ch al de e an d Sy ri ac lan guage but w ith Hebr e w le tter s ,

( D i a l a d P la l i b l h s a k s o f i t a s w ri tte n i n th e
. v . e g . .e s e w e r e
pe

He bre w la n ua e
g g ( 0
’
0 m m i n Is a. i li b i
. v - ou Is x i
. . . .

i L
‘ B
 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hetr ezos .

th at i s , Ara
m ac an s car cely h av e w r itten
i . Pap i as , w ho c

l ater an d m ay h av e w ritte n ag ood de al e arl i e r th an 1 4 0

, ,

sa y s th at M atth e w c om p os e d th e or acl e s i n th e He br e w
‘

c h i n te rp r e te d th e m a s he w a
”
s p ee c h a n d ea,
s a bl e r A ll .

oth e r a n c i e n t w r i te r s a g re e w ith Pap i as }; Of th e Gr ee k

tra n slator th e y s a y n oth i n g b ut n o o n e s ugg e s ts th at i t w as ,

Ma tth e w h i m s e l f s a y s T r e gelle s ( Horn e s In tr odu cti on i v

’ ’
, , .

I r en ae u sh
t e n w r i ti,
n g a b o u t 1 8 0- 90 A D
, sa y s of th e . .
,

Eb i on ite s aPa l e s ti n i an s e c t th at th ey u s e th at Gosp e l on ly

, ,

w h i ch i s a c cor d i n g to We s h all h ere afte r s e e

th a t th e Gos p el of th e Eb i on i te s w a s th e Go s p e l a c cor d i n g to

th e He b r ew s th a t it w a s i n Ar a
,
ma i c w as attri buted to ,

Ma tth e w a nd w a s i n e x i s te n c e a
,
t th e ti m e w h e n I r e n a eus

w r ote In a s e con d pl a
. ce I r e n a eu s a g ai n s p e ak s O f th e
Eb i on i te s as
‘
u s i n g th at Go s p e l on ly w h i c h i s ac cor d i n g to
Ma tth ew M It i s qu i te cl e a th e re for th a t h e b el i e v e d
’
. r , ,

Hi s da
te w ill b e c on s ider e d w h en w e c om e to th e e v i de n c e of

Eu s eb i us

a
.

l M ar Gal og p é v 0 5 V Efi pat3¢ dt ah é tcr g) T Aé y t a o v v e y pdx/z ar o

°
“”

izpy fiI/ e uae 3

’ -
aim ( bg fi a
di w ar o gr ao r o g ( Eu s e bi u s , Hi s t E col iii . . .

Bis h op Ligh t fo ot, i n th e Con temp or a r

y R ev i e w for A u u s t 1 8 7 5 h a
g , s

cu t th e gr ou n d fr o m u n de r th e fe e t o f th os e w h o m an tan e d th a t i i
by Aé y t aa o s t c o e c t on of d s c o ur s e s , a
‘
l ll
n d n o t th e i
r es e n t Gos e
,
i p pl
m u s t be m ea nt .

i Eras m us a fi
lle n ge d th i s belief Mos t Ger m an c ritics are
rst ch .

Er a s m ia n s, w e ma h il
b e m os t l a te r En gl i s h w ri te r s o f m a k ar e
y r

Pa p i as ts S. om e rem a rk s of m
y o w n fro m an e utr a l s ta n d p o i nt

w il l be foun d i n App en di x B Pa pi as an d Matth e w ’

, .

S ol o a u te m e o Ev a n gel i o q u o d e s t s e c un d um Ma tth a e um

u tu n tu r ( A dv Ha er i 2 6
. . .
,

A ra h
t e re
r m ar k a b l p
e a s s ag e — E bi on e i e te n i m e o E van gelio ,

quod e s t s e c un dum Matth ae um s olo u ten tes e x illo ip s o c on v i n c un tur ,

n on r e c te ra e s um e n te s d e D o m i n o M ar ci on a u tem i d q u d es t
p o .
,

s e cu n d u m L u c a m c i r c u m c i de n s e x h i s q u a e a dh u c s e r v a n tur p en e s
,

e u m bl a s p h e m u s i n s ol u m e x s i s te n tem D e u m o s te n di tur ( A dv Ha
‘

er . .

iii 1 1 7 ) For th e Ebion ites u s in g th at Gos pel only w h i ch i s

.
, ,

ac cor din g to Matth ew ar e c on vi c te d from th at v e ry Gos p e l o f,

h ol din g w r on g v i e w s a bout th e Lor d Ma r ci on a a

g i n m u ti l ati n
g .
,

th e Gos p e l w h ic h i s a c c or din g to Luk e i s s h ow n o u t o f th o s e p a rts ,

l eft in h i s e dition to b e ab lasph em er again s t th e on ly livin g God .

’
 Ir en aeus . C lem en t f
o A lex an dr i a . O r igen .
3

th e Gos p e l acc or di n g He b re w s to be o f M atth ae an

to th e
auth ors h i p an d as h e n ow h ere s a
,
y s th at M atth e w w rote tw o
,

Gos p e l s but o n th e oth e r h a

, ,
n d e xp r e s s ly l i m i ts th e n u m b e r ,

o f g e n u i n e Gos p e l s to f ou r h e m u s t h a ve r e g ar de d i t as on e ,

w or k w i th th e p r e s e n t M a tth e w

ii C L E M EN T OF AL E X A N DR A I w r ites Ma tth i as i n th e As
Tr ad i ti ons, xh or tin g us s ay s
e , ,
“
Ma
r v el at w hat i s b e fo re
”
th e e , s upp os i n g th i s th e fi r s t s te p to ul ter i or k n o w l e d g e ;
j u s t as i n th e Gosp el accor di n g to th e Hebr ew s i t i s w r i tte n He f ‘

th a t ha th m a r ve l e d s h all r e i g n an d h e th at h ath r e i g n e d ,

sha ll T h e for mul a i t i s w r i tte n i s a

‘
s th e w r i te r
’
,

O f S up ern a tur al Re li gi on s a y s (4th e d i ‘

g e n er ally . .

u n der s tood to i n di c ate aqu otati on from Holy S cr i p tur e .

’

fi O '
R IG E N aft , er s y i n g th at
a th e S p i i t al s o h ad b e in g
r

th rough th e Wor d v e n i f c er tai n w or ds s e e m to draw

e

us to th e o pp o s ite c on c lu s i o n g oe s on th us ,
But i f a
’
n
y o ne

ad m its [ in di c m oo d w poo ler al ] th e Gosp el accor di n g to th e

.
,

Hebr ew s , w h e re th e S av i ou r Hi m s el f s a y s Jus t n ow m y
m oth er th e Ho ly Sp i r i t took m e by on e of m y h a
,
i rs a
,
n d bor e

m e up on to th e gr ea t m ou n ta i n Ta bor h e w ill r a i s e a furth er ,

do ub t h ow th e Holy S p ir it th a t ha d b e i n g th r o ugh th e Wor d

ca n be m oth e r o f C h r i s t But th e s e w or d s a n d th i s d i ffi c ul ty
.

i t i s n ot h a r d to i n ter p r e t For i f h e th a t d o e th th e w i ll o f
.
,

th e Fa th er i n th e h e a v e n s i s h i s [i e Ch r i st s ] b r oth er an d ’
. .

It Is e vi de n t th at s o as Ir e n aeu s kn e w th e
fa
r as Eb i iton e Go s p e l w

n ot acor ru ted
p Matth e w A t th e s a. m e tim e
w e ca n n o t te ll th at
Ir en ae u s or th os e fr om w h om h e dre w h i s info r m ati on k n e w an y
th in g m or e of th e Ebi on ite Gos p el th a n th a t th e Ebion ite s th em ;
s e lv e s av e rr e d i t to be th e Gos p e l a c c or din g to Ma tth e w .

fi l D i e d ab o u t 2 1 3 —18 A D . .

“ T i/ g 32 d
6
m er
px fi T O Gav
/ad m i t r e u
pd y p ar a, ( be Il h dr w r EV O ccu
'

i g h é y a,
rr n ai Mar Glag EV r aZ g Hapadé o eo z n apaw
K
’

ifn ' ‘
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w a é v ra
fia v r oizr o v u d ro v r fi ew a
’
p ,
flp d p g Eu é x 7 1 13 0 e / 1
5
a6 E)8 paio v c Ebay y eh i p O Gav p do ag fi
'
ao t h e t o a y é y pau r ai
’ ’ " ‘ '
Ke w K "

J ai O fi aer at ( S tr om ii di ti on s
‘ c -
aath e ij o ag [ En jar au afi Th e T r a '
. .

Of tth ia
Ma s w ou l d s ee m to b e th e s am e as th e Gosp el attr ibute d to
th a
t A p ostle .

"

H Wr ote
”
226—541 AD . .
4 Th e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

”
i
s s te r an d m oth e r an d th e n am e b r oth e r of Ch r i s t fall s ,
“

p r i m ar ily n ot on ly o n th e r ace of m e n bu t al s o o n th os e ,

d i v i n er th a n i t i t w ill n ot be m or e a ,
b s u r d th an i n th e c as e
Of a n m o th e r of C hr i s t s o e n ti tl e d b e ca u s e o f doi n g th e w i ll
y
o f th e Fa th e r i n h e a v en th at th e Holy S p i rit s h oul d be
m oth e r [ o f
In th i s p a s sa g e th er e ar e tw o th i n g s to be O b se r v e d .

Fi r s t th a t i n th e w or ds bu t i f a
,
‘
n
y n
o e a d m i ts — §
‘
c w 823

-
7 r o o ls r a l rig — t h e i n di c at i v e m oo d i s u s e d w h i ch a cc or di n g to
p ,

th e r ul es of Gr ee k g r a mma r i m p l i e s th a t th e Gos p e l i n qu e s
ti o n w a s a —
d i tte d by s om e p e opl e th e s e p e opl e b e i n g p re
m
s um a bly w i th i n th e c i r cl e of th os e w h o m O r i g e n w a s addr es s
in g S e c on dly th a
. t O r i g e n uph ol d s a ,
n d ha r m on i z e s to h i s

o w n th e or y th e m o s t p e cul i a r ph r a s e i n th e m o s t p e c ul i a r

fr a g m e n t of th e Gos p e l acc or din g to th e He b r ew s w h i ch h as

co m e d ow n to us an d th e con c lu s i on i s th a t e ith e r h e w a s

d i s p os e d to a dm i t th a t Gos p e l h i m s e lf or i t w a s a dm i tte d by ,

so m a n y oth er p e opl e th a t h e di d n ot l i k e e i th e r to d i s a gree

w i th i t O p e n ly o r to p a s s i t by i n s i l e n c e .

T h e ol d L a ti n tr a n sl a tor a l s o i n c orp or ate s i n Or i ge n s ’

com m e n ta r y on M a tt x i x a n e x tr a c t fr o m th e Go s p e l a . o .

c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s w i th th e foll ow i n g p r e fi x It i s ,

w r i tte n i n ace r ta i n Gos p e l w h i c h i s c alle d accor din g to th e

“
”
Heb r e w s if h ow e v er an y on e i s pl e as e d to ta
, ,
k e th at n ot as
,

au th or itati v e but as thr o w i n g li ght on th e q u e sti on b e fore

,

us r . He r e th e for m ul aof qu ota

"
ti on s fr om S cr i p tu r e i s u s e d

K ai T O Hr s iip a Bi d 2 Kai h é fu c
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y r o g T ov e r T o u
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, p xp p
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a
p ( 0 0 m m i n J /
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’
ue s e d . . . .

v ol . iv .

1 S cr iptu m i n Ev a
n el i q od a qu od ‘
”
est
g o u m di ci tur s e cu n du m

e os —s i ta
Hebr a m en plac et alioni su s ci i llud n on a
d a
u c tor i ta
p e re
 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H ebr ew s .

i t i s sad , & c i . He re w e s ee th a
t Eu s eb i u s l ook s on th e
sa y in g s attr ib ute d to Je s u s i n th i s Go s p el as auth e n ti c .

In a n oth e r p a ssa g e i n th e T h eop h an i ah e g i v e s fro m th e

‘

GO S p el w h i c h i s com e to u s i n He b r e w ch a ra cter s T adi ffe r

e n t v e r s i o n o f th e Pa rabl e of th e T al e n ts .

It m a b e re m a rk e d th a t b oth C l e m e n t a n d O ri g e n h a d
y
tr a v el e d i n Pal e stin e an d th at Eu s eb i u s w as b i s h o p of ,

Ca es a r e a i n th e l i b ra ry of w h i c h c i ty (c oll e cte d by h i s fr i e n d
,

Pa m ph i l u s) th er e w a s aOopy o f th i s Go sp e l a s Je r om e te ll s ,

us i . We m ay ther e for re as on ably s upp ose th at th e i r quo

‘

ta ti on s ae n o
r t m e r e ly s e c o h an d an d th at h ad i t b een on
n d -
, ,

th e f a ce O f i t a n a p ocryph al p r o du cti on th ey w oul d h av e ,

de s i g n a te d i t a s s u ch .

adde d th a
It m u s t be t Eus e b i u s a s se rts th a t HE GE S IPPU S
u s e d th e Gos p e l ac cor di n g to th e He b re w s ‘
He al s o ad .

d u c e s s om e th i n g s ou t o f th e Gosp el accor di n g to th e Hebr ew s

an d th e S y r i ac a n d pa r ti c ul a r ly ou t of th e He b r e w
, lan

A s th e w ork s of He ge s ip pu s w e r e th e n e x ta nt ,

an d ar e q u ote d by Eus e b i us h i m s e l f w e c an h ar dly s u s p e ct ,

th i s s tate m e n t o f b e i n g w r on g An d u n l e s s i t b e s o w e h ave .

i n He ge s i ppu s as till e a rl i e r w i tn e s s th a n Iren a eu s For w e .

a i p a ag i
i

t
Th is qu ote d fr om p 23 4 of Pr of L e e tr a
n s la
’
s ss e . . s t on

of th e Sy i a r i c v e r s on o f th e T h eop h ani a,
n ot b e i n
g am o n
g th e sc a
nt
y
rem n an ts of th e or igi al G n r ee k .

1
“
T O 5 39 iyp ii g fixe r E/3pam oi g xa paKT fia
p
'
w Ei m
y y é h t o v (M gu e s i ’
ed .

v ol . iv . Pr o f e s tc o tt, M r D o d d , a
. W
n d th e a u th or o f S u .
p er

n atur al R eli gi on ma
ke no m i
e n t on o f th i s fra
g m e n t, w h i ch I ow e to
ys th at i t w as fi r s t n otic e d
Hi lge n feld w h o s a , by Fr ts ch e i .

i Gatal S cr ip t E col u n de r M a tth a

‘ ’
. e us . . .

at) fi
E paco v g Et ay y eh to v Kai T o ii Ev pi ax o fz, Kai i Oi w g e tc
" ’ c ’ ’
Ex T e T oi) K
'

T
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‘

a Ocah e xr o v m
’

iv
T i dnaw ( Hi s t E col y i Th e S r a c . . .

ma m ea n ( i ) aS yr i a c v e r s i on o f th e O l d T e s ta m n t or o f bo ok s o f
y . e

i c spe e ch —Ar am aic an d Hebr ew bein g on

,

th e N e w th e A r a ma
th i s h y p oth e s i s a c cur ately di s ti n gui s h e d by Eu s ebi u s i n th i s p a ssae
g
as th ey ar e by Jer om e ( Adv P e lag iii q u ote d l a te r ) ; ( iii ) s om e
. . .
, .

s e pa rate S y r i a c Gos p el Bu t o n e i s a l s o i n c lin e d to c on j e c tu r e

.

r e l e s s o r m e d dli n
th a t a ca g O o py i s t h a s i n s e r te d th e m 2b e for e r m ;
”

v carofi o m i tti n
g m l th e s e n te n c e r e ad s H e a l so a d d uc e s s o m e
th in gs ou t o f th e Gosp e l a c cor di n
g to th e H e br ew s w h i ch i s i n S y ri ac , ,

a n d pa r ti c ul a r ly ou t of th e He br e w l a n ua e
’
g g .
 E n s ebi ns H
( g pp
e es i us p i as )
Pa .

k n ow h av e b ee n ar i p e th e ol o g i an at l e as t as e ar ly as
h i m to
n d Eu s e b i u s s a y s th at h e l i ve d i n th e fi rs t s uc
‘
1 70 A D a . .
,

c e s s i on to th e A p os tl e s II w h i c h w oul d pl ac e h i s b i rth at the

,
’

v ery b e g i n n i n g of th e c e nt ury 1l Be i n g h i m s elf a Je w i s h .

n h e w oul d be fully a
C h r i s ti a ,
c qu ai n te d w i th th e b ook h e
q u o t e d .

i u s al s o m en ti on s PA PIA S i n c on n e x i on w i th th i s
Eu s eb
Gos p e l Eu s e b i u s s a
. y s th e au th o of S up n atu al R ,
’
r er r e

li gi n (4 th e d i
o
‘
i n f o m s u s th a
. t Pa
. p i as n ar ate d r r

fro m th e Gos p e l ac c o din g to th e He b e w s as t o y re g adi n g r r r r

a w om a n acc use d b e fo e th e L o d of m an y s i n s Th is r r .
’

s ta te m e n t n e e d s to be qu a l i fi e d w h at Eu s e b i u s doe s s ay i s :

as foll ow s A fter m en ti on in g c e tai n s to ie s r el ate d by

. r r

Pa p i as h e w ites ,
H
Th e sa m e h i s to i a
r n add s o th e i n c i de n ts r r

as h av i n g c om e to h i m f om u n w i tte n t adi ti on — b o th s om e r r r

u n k n o n p aabl e s of th e S av i ou r an d te ach in g s O f h i s an d
w r
,

ce ta
r i n oth er th i n g s of am o e fabul ou s ch aacte TT An d r r r .

he al s o tr an s fe r s to h i s ow n w or k ot h e r acc ou n ts by th e ,
'

afor e s ai d Ar i s ti on ,
of th e L or d
’
s d i s cou rs e s , an d tr adi ti on s o f
th e El de r J oh n . A n d, n ow th a
t I h av e r e fe rr e d th e stu de n t
to th e s e , I m u s t p e rforce a
dd to th o s e r e p or ts O f h i s w h i c h

I]
t '
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’

H s t E col ii
( i . . .

{I He i s s a id to h a e d v i ed i n th e re ig n of C om m odu s , 1 8 0—9 2

“ Kat cth h a OO O at T Og av ' abeii g ( Dc i n aa aOoae w g d d fi

9 ’

o v 5 2g
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dc T O OQ g bth oy aeei g d r an é p xb av r s g, d v ay xai w g V 17 1! u poadnaoy at T ai g ’

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to c o n s tru e s om e s tr

Sa viour an d te ach in gs of h i s an d o th e r th in gs of a s om ew h at fabu ,

lo u s ch ar ac ter Bu t as Eus ebiu s q uote s i n e x am pl e Papias s s tate

.
’
,
’

m e n ts r e s pe c ti n g th e m ill e n n i um a nd a ttr ibu te s th em to h i s m i s ,

n di n
u n d e r s ta th a u t f t h e A os tl es i t m a
t a l to
g e c c o n s O
p s e e s n u r ,

s upp o s e th a t h e di s ti n gui s h e s th e fa bu l o us e l e m e n t from th e n u

k n o w n pa rabl e s a n d te a ch i n s o f J e s u s
’
g .
8 T h e Gospe l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

h ave b e en al re ady m en ti on e d a tr aditi on w h i ch h e h as

p ubl i sh e d i n th e i r n am e c on ce r n i n g M ark th e w ri ter of th e
Go s p el Eu s e b i u s th en g i v e s Pa
.
’
p i as s v e ry s ob e r ac c ou n ts ’

o f Ma rk a n d Ma tth ew a d ds th a t h e q u ote d p a ssa g e s fro m

,

t h e Fi r s t Ep i s tl e o f J oh n a n d th e Fi r s t o f Pe ter a n d th e n , .

sa y s A n d h e h as publ i s h ed al s o an oth er r e l ati on of aw om an

accu s e d O f m a n y s in s b e for e th e Lord w h i ch th e Gosp el ,

accor di n g to th e Hebrew s a in s con t .

’

N o w h e d oe s n ot s a y th a t P a p i as q u ote d th e s tory fr om

th i s GO Sp el bu t on ly th a ,
t h e tol d as tory w h i c h i t c on ta in s .

S ti ll h e d oes n ot s a y
‘
w h i c h th e G o sp el a cc o r d i n g to th e

He b r ew s also con tai n s an d at an y r ate i t i s cl e a ’

,
r th a t a
s tor y th e r e fo u n d w a s a t lea st a s Ol d a s th e ti m e of am a nT

w h o ca n ha r dly h a v e w r i tten later th an 1 4 0 A D an d w as . .

,

s e e m i n gly tol d by th a t ma n a s a u th en ti c .

It w ill be s e e n th a t i n th e a b ov e p as s ag e Euseb i u s m e n
ti on s th e Gos p el a c c or di n g to th e He b r e w s i m m e d i a te ly a fter
four can on i c al b ook s He m ay h ow e v er be on ly g i v in g a.
, ,

l i s t Of th e li ter ature w h eth er s cr i p tural or n ot w ith w hi c h

, ,

Pa p i as app ear e d to be ac qu ain te d as con traste d w ith th e ,

u n w r i tten tr a d i ti o n fr om w h i c h h e d r e w s o l a
‘
r g e ly S ti ll
’
.

e v e n In th i s c a s e w e m i gh t h a v e e xp e cte d h i m to i m ply som e

d i s ti n cti o n b e tw e e n th i s Gos p e l a n d th e c a n on i c al b ook s h ad
h e l ook e d on i t a s s pu r i ou s But th a t h e di d n ot s o l ook O n
.

i t i s to m y m i n d cl e a r e n ough fr om oth e r p a ssa g e s g iv e n

ab o v e .

i EPIPE AN IU S follo w s Eu se b i u s i n p oi n t of da
te . L ike

55 real t t a
iaropiav 7r epi y v r aucOg trrl Troh h a ap
'
l g cqu

fi '
'
T i m g Oi a h nt
-
i e tang 571 2 T m} Kv plov , 77V T O Ka6 E)Gpalo v g Ebay y é h t o r
’ ’

Tre t é a
p x ( H i s t E col . . iii .

“
i i
t B s h op L gh tfoo t, i n th e Con t R ev for A u g 1 8 7 5 , s h ow . . . s th a
t th e
c om pi l e r of th e C h r oni con P as cale w ho st ate s th at Pa pias w as m a r

ty r e d A . D . 1 64 h as n am e d h im in m i st a
ke fo r Pa py l u s F r o m th e .

fac ts th at Pap ia s w as ab e ar e r of A ri s ti on an d th e Eld er J oh n , th at

h e k n e w th e d au h te r s
g of ilip
pan i on O f
Ph ,
th a
t h e is c alle d th e c om

Po ly c ap a
r n d th at Eu s e u s
,
bi
y di
s c u s s e s h i m be fo e P ol c ap Bi s h op r r ,

L i gh tfoo t fa irly c on c lu de s th at h e w as pr o bably bo n about A D r . .

—
60 7 03
I Wr ot e in 3 7 6 A D
. .
 E n s ebi n s (Pap i as
) . Ep ip h an 9

He ge s ipp u s he
‘

w as of Je w i s h b i th an d l i k e r , , C l e m e n t,
Ori gen a nd ,
Eu s e b iu s ,
he ha d s p e n t m u c h ti m e i n Pales
t in e .

Ep i ph a n i u s , th e n , sp ea k n g of th e N az ar e n e s , s ay s , i
a s el a o Ma
‘
§ A n d th e y h v e th e G o p ccor di n
g t tth ew , v e r y full ,

i n He b re w For a s s u r e dly th s i s s t ll k e p t a
. m o n g th e m , a s i i
it as at outs e t w ritten i n He b r e w l e tter s Bu t I do n ot
w ,
.

kn ow w he th er I ] at th e s am e ti m e th ey h av e tak e n aw ay th e
, ,

g e n e al og i e s fr om A b r ah am to C h ri s t It w i ll be s h ow n .
’

by an d by from th e w r iti n g s of Je rom e th at th e Naz ar e n e s

u s e d th e Gos p e l ac cor di n g to th e He br e w s th at th i s w as ,

w r i tte n i n He b re w l e tte r s a n d th a t it w a s rega r d e d by ,

v e ry m an y o r m o s t (p leri gu e) as ac c or di n g to M atth e w .

Ep i ph a n i u s fa n c i e d th a t th e g e n e a l o g i e s m i gh t be w an t
i n g b e ca us e h e h a
,
d fou n d th e m a b s e n t fr om Eb i on ite c op i e s ,

an d i t i s n ot c r e di ta bl e to h i m th at at h i s s ee of S al am i s i n
C yp r us h e di d n ot ta k e th e tr oubl e o f g e ttin g in for m ati on o n
th i s p o i n t fr o m h i s fr i e n d s i n Sy r i a .

It i s cl e a r th a t if h e h a d e v e r s ee n aN a ,
zar e n e co py o f

th e Gos p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s h e h a d n ot e x a m i n ed ,

i t p r op e rly a n d h i s e v i d e n ce m u s t b e t a
,
ke n as m er e h e ar s ay .

S ti ll i t i s th e h e a rs ay of a m an w h o m u s t h ave h e ar d th e
Na za r en e Go s p e l m a n y ti m e s s p o k e n O f i n th e c o u n tr i es i n

w h i c h h i s l i fe w a s sp en t a nd w h o w a s s o b i tte r a fo e to ,

Exov m 53 T O Kar aM a Bai T

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ct

p aaw i n aé Z eT ac . O bi oi Oa55 6 2 c al T g y e r e ah o y i ag n OTTO A ,Opa y

e
’
a ’
a
Oixpi X p m r o f) n s ptel h o v ( Hater x x x . i .

K ai, as o
’
l
T h ey too ( l k
. i e th e Eb i it
on es ) w oul d o f c o ur s e

re q ui re K ai aiJT oi . I w as te m pte d to r en der

‘
An d I do n ot k n ow

h e th e r th ey h ave v en bu t r at an n ot m ea as ’
w e c n so m u ch ,

w h i ch w ou ld be th e m e an i n
g of
‘
e v en
’
i n th i s cas e : M adv i g s ’

Gr eek S y n ta x a n d W n e r s Gr amm a v i i h i n s ta Bi s h op
’
r e n o suc n ce
g .

i
Ell c o tt ( q uo te d i n an o te by D r M o ul ton o n p 5 44 . . of h is 1 8 7 7 e di

t i o n of Win e r ) d oe s i n d e e d r e ck on am on g th e u s es of r at i n th e N ew
T e s tam ent a ‘
de s c en s i ve us e — r e fe r r i n
t o Ga l iii 4 an d Eph v
g . . . .

12 . B ut i n Ga
l . iii . 4 th i i s n te r r e ta
p t i
o n i s n e e d le s s an d is j
r e e c te d
am pl e ) Bi s h o o o t w h il e i n E h v 1 2 Li ’

by ( for ex p m ipA ygh

e sw t f ,
. .
,

e v e n to s p e ak Of a l th o ugh i t c a n be p a raph r as e d by s o m u ch as
’
,

to s p e ak O f m ea ns at i ts r o ot n o t on ly to ta k e pa rt i n a n d w i tn e s s
’
, ,

b u t ALSO to s pe a
’
k of .
10 T h e Gospel accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

ai an s th at h e w o ul d
s ec t r n oth av e faile d to r e m e m b er an d
r e c or d an th i n g w h i c h h e
y had hea r d to i ts p r eju di ce .

He g oe s on to S p e ak of th e Eb i on ites : A n d th e s e too r e
c e iv e th e Go sp e l a cc ordi n
g to M a tth ew ; fo r th s th e y to o ,
i as
al s o th e K e r i n th i ans a n d M eri n th i an s , u s e to th e e x c l u s i on
of th e re s t . A n d th e y ac cord i n g to th e Heb re w s
c all it ,
”

t o te l l th e tr uth b ec a u se M atth e w alon e i n th e N e w C ove

na n t s e t b oth th e e x os i ti on a n d p re a h i n g of th e Gos p e l in
p c

He br e w s p e e ch a n d He b r e w ch a ra c te r s
’
.

Pr e s e n tly h e go e s O ff a t ata n g e n t i n to al o n g s tory o f a

J ew n a m ed J os e ph w h o fo u n d i n al i b ra ,
ry th e Gosp e l a ccor d

i n g to J oh n tr a n s late d fro m Gr e e k i n to Heb r e w s p e e ch a nd

—
,

th e A c ts of th e Ap os tles n e ve rth e le s s a fte r th e s e r ea d in g a l so

th a t a c cor d i n g to M a tth e w w h i c h w a s a n or i g i n a
,
l He b re w
H a a i hi s
'

w or k h b v h b
’
1
.
'
e t e n O s e r e s t t h e h s e e n l e d n to t
d i gr e s s i on by th e m e n ti o n o f M a tth e w s Go s pe l a
’
n d c om e s ,

b ack to s p e ak of th e Ebi on i te s .

Ep i ph a n i us the r e for a lth ough h e k n e w O f tw o bo ok s o f

, ,

t h e N e w T e s ta m en t ha v i n g b e en tran sl ate d i n to He b r e w ,

n e v e r fo r am o m e n t h a d a n i d a t h at t h G os e l a rd i n g
y e e p cc o

to th e He b r e w s w a s atra n s la ti on fro m th e Gr e e k .

It i s i n con n e i th the s e tw o p as s age s that w e sh all

x i on w

fin d i t m os t con v e n i e n t to c on s i de r th e q u e s tion of th e la
n

Kai O X
'
ai fi e r Kai abT oi T O Kar M aT Bai O V Ebay y eh w v T o t/ T ip
e O VT
’
a ’
‘

d
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,
axp d z/ Ta
'
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afi a
.
l
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Kah o ii o i Os aizT O Kar E palo v g, «3 9 T dh nflfie a T i Ma
’ ’ ° ’
T i V s i n si r O
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fi
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fi
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Bai o g p br og E,Spaw T i Kai E pai roi g y poi p p aaw EV T Ka ia
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n/ i O
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'
é rro n w aro T rw T oi} e bay y eh lov E
’
KBs o i V T e Ka er x x x

aT
. .

T T O x aT w n/i mgr Eifay y é iu o v '

O
L O
TT s ic
'
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bw mi v
’

'
at BOOV nif pam ai A 7ro ar b)\ w Hpcufu g, fi
’
ai
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p eT r T OQ w v ou
p 6 t v 1 K

T O Kar aMa GaT T OV

'
E)8 pau< Ov p
(i/ ac t Or £1: t
T o / To w d r aw /
0 6g ( Haer . xxx .

Th e adin g (pi c a by i s k e p t on ly in th e C odex Ma

c or r e c t r e r

c ia w h i c h i s 24 7 y ea r s ol d e r th a
n a oth e r k n o w n M S o f
n us ( V
) ,
n
y .

Epi ph a n i us a nd h a
,
s b e e n th o r ou gh ly colla te d by D i n d o r f Al l .

e diti o n s be for e h i s gi v e 913m th e He br e w PLAN T a c c o r di n

‘
, g t o

Matth e w w h e re plan t w as s u pp os e d to m e a
‘ ’
n
g e n eal o
g i c al ‘
tr ee

or s te m — as e n s e h ow e v e r o f w h i ch n o o th e r e x a m pl e w a s k n ow n

i n th e e n ti r e r an e O
g f G r e e k l ite rat ur e .
 Ep iph anias : Lan na e o
f h i s E bi on i te Gosp el II
g g .

gu ag e of Ep i p h an i us
’
s Eb i on ite Go sp e l ac cor d i n g to th e
He b r e w s .

In tw o i ll be h e e afte qu ote d Epi ph a

p as s ag e s w h i ch w r r ,

n i u s s ee m s to t e a t tw o r e adi n g s of th e Eb i on i te Go s p e l a
r s

i f th e y w e r e c o up ti on s of aGr e e k te xt
rr T hi s m a y b e e . x

pl ai n e d by s upp os in g e ith er th at Epiph an i u s fo g ot h i m s e lf r

to be qu o ti n g f om a n Ar a ma i c te xt an d n ot aGre ek on e o
r , ,
r

th a t th e Eb i on i te s u s e d aG ee k tr a n sl ati on s i de by s i de wi th
r

th e Ar a ma ic .

Hi lge n feld an d Pr of We s tcott h ow e v e r o v e rl ook or at .

,

l e ast d i s r e g ard th e s e p os s ib i l iti e s an d r u s h to th e c on c lu s i on ,

th a t th e Eb i o n i te Gos p e l w a s s i m ply aGr e e k o n e Hilg e n .

fe l d i n add i ti on br i n gs for w ard tw o v e ry c u r i ou s ar gu m e n ts

, ,

i n fa v ou r o f th i s v i e w .

T h e fir s t I tr a te i n full : For h e [ Ep i ph a
n sl a n i us ] h a s in

de ed ca ll e d th e ir Gos p e l acc or di n g to M atth ew

“ an d
“
ac c ordi n g to th e He b r e w s but h e h as n ot r e p orte d th at ,

it w a s w r i tte n i n He b r e w An d s o b e s i d e th a t m or e a
. n c i en t ,

an d He b r e w ( or Ar am ai c) Go s p e l of M atth e w h e h as b or n e ,

w i tn e s s a l s o to aGre e k Gos p el c all e d ac cor di n g to M atth e w

“

an d ac c or di n g to th e He b r e w s th ou gh o f l a te r a g e ,
.

He ge s ip pus s e e m s alr e ady to h av e m e n ti on e d aGr e e k v e r s i o n

of th e Gos p e l o f th e He b r e w s ; for Eu s eb i u s h a s r e p orte d

th a t he a dd u c e d s om e th i n g s fr om th e Gosp el accor di n g to
th e Hebr ew s a n d th e S y r i a c
”
i e fr om th e s a m e Gos p e l i n
,
. .

Gr e e k a n d Sy r i a c (or t
g
N o th i n g c a n be w e a k e r th an th i s m ode of i n fer e n ce T O .

be co n s i s te n t Hi l ge n fe l d s h oul d h a
, v e appl i e d h i s ar gum en t
fr om th e s i l e n ce O f Ep i p h a n i u s to th e N a zar e n e Go s p e l .

Ep i ph a n ius h a s tol d u s th a t th e Eb i on ite Gos p e l w a s ca lle d

h or u m en i m v a g l i um
e n e a
pp e lla
v i t q u i d em aT
K aM a da r i ov et

K aH
’
sed h e br a
ice s cr iptum e s se n on tr adi di t . i taq u e

pr ae ter a n ti u i u s e t h ebra
i llu d q i c u m ( v e l ar am ae u m ) M atth a e i e v a n

g e li u m E i h a
p p n i u s e ti am gr a ec u m eva n e l i um d i c t um s e c u n d um
g
M atth a e um e t s e c un du m He br a e o s s er i or i s qu i d e m a e tati s te s ta
,
tu s ,

e st ra
g e o e v e r s um He br a e or u m e v a n el i u m i a m H e e si
g pp u s i n
.

g
digi ta s s e v i d e tu r q u e m
'
E8 pai ov g e v ay y s h i o v Kai T O O
’
T e T OO r a
’ ’ ’

, t) ,

Ev p ar o t i e e x e o de m e v a n eli o a co e t s y ri a c o ( v el a ra a
i
g g r e m eo
)
—
, . .
, ,

n o n n u lla r otul i s s e Eu s e biu s tr a d i N T ev tr a Ca R ecep t

'

p i d t n . . .
‘
. .

iv;7 .
12 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

accor di n g to th e Heb re w s ; h e h as n ot to l d u s th a ’
t th e
Na za r en e Go s p e l w a s so ca ll e d th e r e for h e ha s b or n e

w i tn e s s th a t it w a s n ot ! For tu n a te ly w e h a v e th e pl ai n
w i tn e s s of J e r o m e th a t it w a s .

T h e d e du cti on from Eu s e b i u s m u s t fa re e qu a lly ill It .

i n v olv es thre e ass um p ti on s th a t th e Sy r i a c m ea ns th e

S yri a c Go s p e l ; (ii ) th a t a l th ou gh b oth th e Eb i on i te an d
’
.
,

th e N a zar e n e Gos p e l s w er e c a ll e d accordi n g to th e Heb re w s ,

’

Eus e b i u s l i m i te d th e n a m e to th e for m e r w h i ch b e i n g (a c , ,

c or d i n g to Hi l e nfel d i n Gr e ek h a d h l i gh
g ) t e es,s r t t o i t ;
iii
( ) . th a
t , b e s i d e s th i s Gr e e k G o s p e l ac c or d i n g to th e
He br e w s m en ti on e d i n th r e e oth e r pl ac e s by Eu s eb i us h e ,

spea k s tw i ce o f a s e p ar ate Ar am ai c Gos p e l (Hi lge n feld s ’

Sy r i a c w h i ch h e d e s cr i b e s a s th e Gos p e l e x i sti n g a m on g
th e Je w s i n th e He b re w l a n gu a g e an d th e Go sp e l w h i ch i s
,
’

c om e to u s i n He b r e w ch a ra n e i th e r ta k i n g th e tr oubl e
'

’
c te r s ,

to tell h i s r ea de rs by w h a t na m e th i s o th e r Go s p eh w a s

k n ow n n or to g i v e th e m th e e xpl an ation n e e de d to p r e ve n t
,

th e m fr om f u n din g th e tw o
c on o

We s h all h e ar by an d by from Je rom e th at th e Eb ion ite s

u s ed th e s am e Ar am ai c Gosp e l as th e N az ar e n e s Bu t e v e n .
,

i f w e w e re able to e xpl ain aw ay h i s de fi ni te s tate m en t th e ,

i n fe re n ce fr om Epi ph an i us w ould be th at th e Eb i on i te Gos p e l

w a s i n Ara ma i c He h as s ai d th at th e N az are n e s h av e th e
.

Go s p e l a c cor d i n g to M a tth e w v e r y full i n He br e w , For , .

as s ur e dly t h i s i s s till p r e s er ve d am on g the m as i t w as fi r s t ,

w r i tten ,
i n He b re w l e tte r s He h as g on e s trai ght fr om th e
.
’

Na za r en e s to th e Eb i on i te s w h os e fou n d e r h e s a
,
y s h ad h el d , ,

th e s a m e O p i n io n s An d th e s e too h e h a s w r i tte n r e ce i v e
* ’
.
, ,

th e Go s p e l a c cor d i n g to M a tth e w A n d th ey c a ll i t
.

acc or d i n g to th e He b r e w s to tell th e truth b e c a

”
,
us e Ma t
th e w a l on e i n th e N e w C o v en an t s e t b oth th e e xp o s i ti on an d
p r e ach in g of th e Gos p el i n Heb r e w s p e e c h an d He b re w
ch a ra c ter s .
’
He h as g on e on to te ll of am a n w h o rea d th e
Gos p e l a c c or d i n g to M a tth e w a n or i g in al He b r e w w ork
, ,
’

an d h as th en r e v erte d to th e Eb i on i te s He d oe s n ot i n s o .

ma n y w or ds s a y th at th e Eb i o n i te Go s p e l w a s in H e br e w ,
’

but s ur e ly n o o n e w oul d s u s p e ct fr o m th e te n or of h i s n a rr a

ti v e th a t it w a s i n Gr e e k .

” T
f
aOp '
Oi tpo r iyaag ( Ha
a T ot/ m t g g er . xxx .
 14 Th e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H ebr ew s .

anp i ds s , ah ri des (n om
3 I
. i n th e p as s ag e g i v e n by Ep i
p h an i us i t i s sy np i s , e
gh ri s
( n om . i
s ng ) : th e t w o a
re n ot

so v er
y m u c h al k eaall a
ft nd
er i ma y m e r e
,
ly Epi p h an i us

h ave m ea n t th a i n g w as s ub s titu te d for an oth er

t o n e th
th i n g a n d n ot on e w o r d for a
,
n o th e r w or d Y e t I c on fe s s .

t th e l a
to th i n k i n g th a tte r i n ter p r e ta
ti o n i s th e m or e
l ike ly .

But, i n ap as s ag e qu ote d i n th e n ote to Fr 2 5 h e acc u s e s .

,

th e Eb i oni te s of h a v i n g i n terp ol ate d i n a c ertai n v e r s e n ot

on ly th e w or d m) but th e tw o l e tte r s a a
,
n d 77 Her e at l e as t
,
.

h is m ea n i n g i s cl e a
r a n d w e m u s t e i th e r b e l i e v e th a
, t he w a s

c r i ti c i z in g h i s o w n tr a n sl ate d qu ota ti on s a s i f th e y w e r e th e

or i g i n a l or e l s e th at th e Ebi on i te Gos p el ac cor di n g to th e

,

He b re w s e x i ste d i n aGree k for m .

I d o n ot r e g a r d th e fo r m er o f th e s e a l tern ati ve s as al to
“
g e th e r absur dj but th e l atter i s of cour s e th e m or e l ik e ly- m

e sp e cia lly as w e kn ow th at th e Eb i on i te s p ut for w ar d l e n g thy

w ork s i n Gr e e k tw o c e n tur i e s b e for e th e ti m e a t w h i c h Ep i

p h a n i us w r ote .

Ep i ph a n i u s g o e s o n to s a
y A n d th e b e g i n n i n g of th e i r

Go s p e l h as i t th a t “
It c am e to p as s i n th e d a y s o f Her od
th e K in g of J ud ae ath e r e c am e Joh n b ap ti z in g ab ap ti sm of

rep en tan ce i n th e Jordan r i v e r ; as s ai d to be of th e w ho w

fam ily of A a r on th e p r i e s t s on of Z a ch a ri a ,
s an d El i s ab et .

”
And a ll m en ca m e out to h i m An d a fte r m u c h m or e i t
.

adds th at w h e n th e p eopl e h ad b een b a p t i z ed

”—
r th e r e s t
of th e qu ota ti on w i ll be fo un d u n d er Fr 7 .

Epi ph an i u s p r e s e n tly qu ote s th e b e g i nn i n g o f t h e Eb i on i te

9"
Le t th e v oic e o f th e e n cyclopae dias be h ear d . T h e E n c Br i ta
. n

ni c a sa ys th at Epiph an i us w as utter ly d e s titu te of c r itic al an d

logi cal p ow er th e E ngli s h En c th at as a bitter c on tr ov e r s ialis t
’
.
,

h e O ften r e s or ts to u n tru e a r um e n ts for th e r e futa

g ti o n o f h e r e ti c s

an d Oh am bers s En c th a t h is w a nt o f h o n e s t e x ce s s i ve
’
i
’
s
.
y .

-
T
'
H Oi d px r) T O lJ n ap a i iT o i g Eua
,
y y s h i o u 3 8 : 5”
X
"
E y é v ero E V Ta i g

ilp é pai g Hp(bOou T O O fi

’
aai h é w g T fi g Io i ag hh fle v
’
a fifl n Z w y
a
' '

fi - a i / a
’ ’ ’

a a a i O } O é t in é
"

ém w p p t T v o i g v T i
p Io
p c w
p T w
ng, g e h y eT o c t
y v o ug

’
A apd w T o fi i s p é w c, WQ TQ Z axaplo u Kai Ka i i f pxo w o 7rpOc fi
'

aiJT OV TTd T T e g
’
/Kai p eT T O f in el y
. a '
tal c/lepe r OT i T o ?) h am? an fi
t i
'
e r rog
( Haer . XXX
 Ep iph ani as Beg i n n i ngs to h i s E bi on i te G os p el . I5

Go s p e l ag ai n w ith s o m e v ari a ti on s It c am e to p a s s i n th e

da y s of He r od K i n g of J u dac a C ai aph as b e i n g h i gh p r i e st , ,

th er e c a m e on e Joh n by n a m e ba p ti z i n g a b ap ti s m i n th e ,

r i v e r J or d a an d s o on I
” ’
n ,
.

A s Pr o f We s tcott s a . y s acom p ar i s on of th e tw o q u ota ,

ti on s i llu s tr a te s th e c a r e l e s s n es s o f E i h a ni u s n tr odu cti on

p p (I ,

An y on e m u s t s ee m ore ov er th a t i f th e r e w e r e o n ly ,

o n e Eb i on i te v e r s i o n o f th e Gos p e l a ccor d i n g to th e He b r e w s

an d th e ab ov e w e r e th e b e g in n i n g o f i t n o r oo m i s l e ft for ,

th e p a s sag e b e fore qu ote d by Epiph an i u s an d J oh n b e g an

b ap ti z i n g & c .
’

It i s c l e ar th a t d i ffe r e n t cop i e s o f th e Eb i on i te Gos p e l h a d

di ffere n t b e g i n n i n g s ; but i t by n o m e a n s foll ow s th a t -th er e
w er e d iffe re n t
v e r s i on s o f th e b ody of i t .

It i s i n de e d e a s y to g i v e a n e xpl a na ti on of th e s e d i ffe r e n t
b e gin n i n g s T h os e of th e N az ar ae o-Ebi on i te b ody w h o de
.

n i e d to Je s u s aD i v i n e b i r th a n d r ej e c te d th e fi r s t t w o c h a ,
p
te rs of M a tth e w fou n d th e m s e lv e s l e ft w i th a n a
,
rr ati v e
an s w er in g to M att iii 1 An d § i n th os e day s . .
,
T his h a d .
’

to be a l ter e d b e cau s e th os e d ay s w ould h av e n o an tece

,

d en t . A c c or di n gly s om e o m i tte d th e m a ,
t —
lto g e h e r th e i r
c o p i e s c om m e n c e d I I
‘A n d J o h n b e g an b ap ti z i n g t h e c on ,
’

j u n cti on b e in g re tai n e d app ar e n tly as a l i n k b e tw e en th e , ,

fi tPr e fa ce a n d th e Go s p e l p r o p e r Oth e r s a lte r e d th os e d ay s .

i n to th e d ay s of Her od th e K i n g of J ud ae a w ron gly i m ag i n ’

,

i n g th e d a y s i n q u e sti o n to be th os e of Her od an d Ar ch el au s
( M a tt ii . i
. n s te a d o f th o s e o f th e d w ell i n g a t N aza re th

( M a t t ii
. . at th e sa m e t i m e i n or d e r to g i v e a m or e ,

i m p ortan t for m to th e b e gi n n i n g of th e doc k e d Gos p el s om e ,

adde d afur th er s p e c i fi c ati on of ti m e C a iaph as b e i n g h i gh ,

p r i e s t s o m e afull er n oti ce of Joh n w h o w a s sa i d to b e

’
,

of th e fa m i ly o f Aa r on th e p r i e s t th e s on o f Z a ch a ri as a nd ,

El i s a b et ’
.

I
"
Ey é v s T o EV Tai t; fi e a
p p ig Hp ui Oo u Ba d i h é w g T ijg
’
Io
° '
ala g, éw i
dpxw ps w c Kaw i g ba, fi
h flé T i c T w in / V 77 9 Or b/I an , SaTTT l Z w V fida a’u a
’

fiGT CLV O l aQ i v T } u or a )
9 pg
’
Io O
p
'
c¢ V , Ka
p
’
i T Effie (
"

H a e r x xx a . .

Th e r e ce iv ed te x t om it s an d ,
’
but th e b es t e d tor s i i n s er t it.

I
] S eab ov e p 1 3
e , . .

fl See abo v e p 1 3 ,
. .
 1 6 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

We h ave y e t to c on s i der as tate m en t o f Ep i ph an i us w i th

re g ar d to *
TA T IA N :
‘
An d th e Go s p e l th r ou gh Fo u r
”
is
s ai d to h av e b ee n made by h im , w hic h s om e c all ac c or di n g
”
to th e He br e w s .
T
T hat Tat i an can h ave itte n
w r th e Gos p e l ac cor di ng to
He b r e w s i s
th e I r en ae u s w h o m en ti on s
o ut of th e qu e s ti on .
,

Ta
ti an a n d h is doctri n e s a nd w a s h i s y ou n g er c on te m p or a
, ry ,

i s n ot l i k e ly to h a v e b ee n l e d to b el i e v e th at th e Eb i o n ite
Gos p e l w a s th e Go s p e l a c cor d i n g to M a tth e w w h e n i t w a s

re a lly a c om p i l ati on m ade out o f fou r Gos p e l s by T ati an .

N or i s i t l i k ely th a t C l e m e n t o f Al e x a n dr i a w h o q u ote s ,

Ta ti an w o ul d h a v e c i te d on e of h i s w ork s as S cr i p tur e n ot
, ,

k n o w in g th at i t w as fr om th e p e n of al ate h e re s i ar ch But .

th e fa ct th a t He ge s i pp us a Je w i s h C hr i s ti a n h i m s e lf w h o
, ,

l iv e d i i n th e fi r st s u cce s s i on to th e Ap os tl e s an d di e d n ot
‘
,
’

s ap up il o f J u s ti n M aty
‘ Ta
9
tian w a w h os e d e a
th i s pl aced r r,

vai ou s ly be tw e e n 14 8 a
r n d 1 67 A D th e for m e r bein g th e d a te . .
,

as s ign e d by th e l ate st i n v e s t i gato P of Ho t A fte r Ju s tin s r, r . r .

’

d ea th bu t h ow l on g w e d o n ot k n o w h e w e n t to Sy ria w h e r e h e
, ,

b e ca m e as ec tari a
n lea de r
a
.

A é y er ai Os T O Ol Tw a Ebay y e h i o u in r aiJT O i}
’

y ey e r fi
’
dpw
’

1 i ai ,
ot
” '
v
'
O p
rrs K a
ar
’ '
E)Opai o ug T w i g Kah oiun Ha
( er . x v l i I) . . Th e p in te d te
r x t
r eads Ebay y s h cw
’
r. On fi
( fr om Hi lgen fel d s m e r e
rst tur n in g to i t
’

r e fe r e n ce ) I a t on c e s a w th a t w e o u gh t to r e a d Ebay y é h i o u a nd I ,

s in ce fi n d th a t Pr of We s tc o tt ( Ca n on 2 9 0
. s as
y S o m e p e r h ap s , ,

ma b e in cl i n e d to c h a n e a
g ba y y h i w r i n to a n d th a t th
y e e

au th or o f S up ern atural R eli gi on a n d Dr S a n da y ( fr om C r e dn e r ) s o

, .

r ea d w i th ou t re m a rk : Cf T h e o do r e t Ha er Fa b i 2 0 He a ‘
ls o p ut .

O i3r o g m i T O a
. .
, .
,

togeth e r th e s o c a
“ ”
- l le d Gosp el th rough Four - s
’

T ea o d w r xa h ot e r or a v uT é He ucs V Eba é h T h r e ca b o d oubt

'
p p y y or e n e n l

lle d i n sh or t T O a
.

th a t th e full ti tl e O f th e w or k c a re r e o m i w v w a
’

p s

T O Or a Ts aadp w u Ebay y é h i o r , th e Go s pe l th r ou gh Fou r ,

’
i . e . th e
Gos p el as p ublish e d th r ou gh th e m ou th s of Fo ur ( of th e c om m on
a
.

ph as e i n
r Ma
tth e w OTTO T m? Kuplo u s. T o ii 7rp0 sb777 0 i7, t h a
T O 577 663
(
,
t
‘

w h i ch w as s p ok e n by th e L or d UG th e ro h et THR O H k n ow o f p p I
pl
n o o th e r e x ana i
t o n o f th e t t e D i a -te s s ar onil at on c e gr am m at ca i l
an d r ation a
l Westc ott ( Can on 2 90
. Prof sa y
. s T h e te , rm Bi er
Teaadp u w as u s e d i n m u s i c to e p e s s th e con c o d o f th e
w x r r fo ur th
( a hvh afifi
) T h i s s e n s e m a
y th
. o w s om e li h t u p on t h e n a
g m e r .
’
Bu t
ac on c ord of th e four th i s n ot a c on cord of fo ur n otes , but on l y of

tw o

It S ee abov e , p 7 . .
 Ep ip h ani as
( T ati an
) .
y er orn e . I7

l ater th an 19 2 as e arly as 1 8 0 an d ad i bl
‘

A D
. .
p os s y
d u ce d s om e th i n g s fr om th e Gos p e l acco rd i n g to th e Heb r e w s
’
,

i s of i ts e lf p r oof e n ough th a t th i s can n ot h a v e b e en w r i tte n

by T ati an .

Th e l e arn i n g of J E ROME
l on g re s i de n ce i n Syr i aan d
,
h is
a
P es l ti n e a n d ,t h e f a c t th a t h e fi r s t c op i e d t h e G o s p e l a c c o r d ;

i n g to th e He b r e w s a nd a fter w ar ds tran s l ate d i t i n to tw o

l an gu ag e s r e n d e r h i s e v i de n ce of p ar am oun t i m p ortan ce I
,
.

sha ll tak e h i s n oti ce s of th e Gos p e l i n o rder of ti m e ” .

( )
1 W r i ti n g i n 3 8 7 A D up o n Eph e s v 3 h.e sa y
. s fl l
‘
A s . .
,

al s o i n th e Heb r e w Go s p e l w e r e ad of th e L ord s p e ak i n g to
h i s di s c i pl e s : s a i th h e & c ’
.

( )
2 W r i ti n g b e fo r e 3 9 2 A D up o n M i c v n 6 h e s a
. y s . . .
,

An d th e d au gh ter -i a-law
p ga a i n s t h er m o th er -i n r i s e th u

la w . Wh i ch s e e m s d i fficul t to be u n de r sto od m e taph or i c ally .

But h e w h o h a s re a d th e S on g of S on gs a nd h a s u n d e r s too d

th e s p ou s e of th e s oul to b e th e Wor d of Go d a nd h a s be ,

l i e v e d th e Go s p e l publ i s h e d a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s w h i c h

w e ha v e l ately tr an s l ate d i n w h i ch i t i s s ai d i n th e p e r s on
,

o f th e S a v i ou r Ju s t n o w m y m oth er th e Holy Sp i ri t took m e

“
, , ,

by on e of m y h a i rs ”
w i ll n ot h e s i ta
,
te to s a y t h at th e W o r d of
Go d i s s p r u n g fro m th e S p i r i t, a n d th a t th e s oul w h i c h i s ,

th e S p o us e o f th e W or d , h a s fo r m oth e r - i n -l aw th e Ho ly
S p ir i t w h o a
,
m on g th e He b r e w s i s c a ll ed i n th e fe m i n in e
g e n der Rua ’
.

abov e p 6
S ee ,
. .

HI h ave follow e d Cl i n to n s
’
c h r on o o l gy of th e s e w r iti n
gs of

J e r om e .

1T U t i n Hebr aico qu o qu e Ev a
n el
g i o l e gi m u s D om i nu m ad
d i s ci p ul os l oq u e n te m : E t am i n q u i t lae ti s i ti s ni s i
n un
gu , g um
u , ,

fr a tr e m v es tru m v id er i ti s i n car i tate ( Com m i n Ep h es l ib . . .

Et uur as con s urgi t adv ers us s acr u m s uam Q uo d i u x tatr op .

ol o
gi am i n te l l e c tu v i detu r di ffic i l e S e d q ui l e ge r i t Oan ticum Can
.

ti corum et s
p on s u m an i m ae D e i S er m on e m i n te ll e x e r i t, c r e di d e r i tq u e
Evan el
g i quo He brae o s e di tu m n u pe r tr an s tuli m u s i n
o d s e c u n du m
,

u o e x p e r s o n aS a l a t r i s d i c i tu r M odo tuli t m e m a t r m ea S a n c tu s
q v o e ,

Sp i r itu s i n u n o ca
, p i l l or u m m eor u m n on d u bi ta bi t d i c e r e S e r m on e m ,

D e i o r tu m e s s e d e S pir i tu e t a n im am qu a e s p o n s a S e r m on i s e s t
, , ,

ha be r e s oc ru m S a n c tu m S i r i tum q u i a p u d He bra
p e os
g e r e d i ci tu r
e n ,

fe m in i n o Rua( Com m i n IV Ii ch l i b . . .

0
 18 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

It i s p r e tty cl e ar th at Jerom e th in k s p eopl e ough t to be

l i e ve th e Gos p e l accor di n g to th e Heb rew s .

( )
3 W r i t i n g h i s a c co u n t of M a tth e w (G a ta l S cr ip t E cc l ) . . .

i n 3 92 h e s a
,
ys Ma tth e w w h o i s a ,l s o Le v i an d w h o from ,

atax -g a th e r e r c a m e to be a n A p o s tl e fi r s t o f a ll th e Ev a
,
n ge

l i s ts com p os e d aGos p e l of C hr i s t i n Ju dac a i n th e Heb r ew

l an gu ag e an d ch ar acter s for th e b en e fit of th os e of th e c ir
,

c um c i s i on w h o h a d b e l i e v e d : w h o tr a n sl a te d i t i n to Gr e e k i s
n ot s u ffi c i e n tly a s ce r ta i n e d Furth er m ore th e He br e w its elf
.
,

i s p r e s e r v e d to th i s da y i n th e l i br a ry a t C a e sare a w h i ch

th e m a r ty r Pa m p h il u s s o di l i g e n tly coll e cte d TI a l s o w as .

all ow e d by th e N az ar e n e s w h o u s e th i s v olu m e i n th e Sy r i an
c i ty o f Ber oe a to co py i t IIn w h i ch i t i s to be r e m a
. rk e d

th a t w h e r e v e r th e Ev a
,
n g e l i s t e i th e r s p e a
,
kin g i n h i s ow n
p er so n or i n th at of o ur Lor d an d S av i ou r m ak e s u s e of th e ,

te s ti m on i es of th e ol d S cri p tu r e h e doe s n ot f ol l o w th e ,

au th or i ty of th e S e v e n ty tr an s l ator s but th a t of th e He b r e w ;
,

of w h i c h te s ti m on i e s a r e th os e t w o Ou t o E
f gyp ,
t h av e I ca lled

m y S on , a
nd th at he s hall be alled Naz ar en e
c .
’

acc oun t of J a m e s h e s p eak s of i t as ‘

An d i n h i s th e
Gos p e l w h i c h i s c all e d acc ord i n g to th e He br e w s an d w as ,

Ma tth a eu s u i e t Le vi x p ubl i c a n o A os tol u s pr i m u s i n

, q e , p ,

J ud a e a pr opte r e o s q u i e x c i r c um ci s i o n e c r e di de r a n t Ev a n e li u m
g
C h r i s ti Hebr a i c i s li tter is v e r bi s q u e c om p os ait : q uod qu i s p os te ai n
Gr a e c um tr a n s tul e ri t n on s a ti s c er tum e s t Por r o ip s um He br a
. i c um
ha b e tur u s qu e h o di e i n C a esa r i e n s i bi bl i oth e c a q ua m Pa m p h i l us
ma r tyr s tudi o s i s s i m e con fe c i t Mih i q u o qu e a Naz a
. ra e i s q ui i n

Ber oeau rbe S yr i a c h oc v ol u m i n e u tun tur d e s c ri be n di fa c u l ta s fu it .

In q uo a n im a d v er te n du m qu o d ubi q uu m q u e Eva n eli s ta s i v e e x

, g ,

p er s on as u a s iv e ex p er s on aD om in i S alv ator i s v e te r i s S cri ptu rae

, ,

te s ti m on i is a buti tur n on s e q u a
,
tu r S e p tu a g i n ta tr a n s la to ru m a u c

tor i ta te m s e d Heb r a ica m ; e q ui bu s i l lad u o s u n t E v A egyp to v oca ,

vi

fi li um m eum e t Q u on i a m N a za ra eus v oca b i tur .

T P rob a bly be fo r e 3 7 9 A D a fter w h i ch d a

. .
, te h e i s n ot k n o w n to
ha v e b een i n th e n eigh bourh oo d of Ber oe a .

T I n n o te s t o F r .2 a n d F r 3 t h e
. q u e s ti o n w h e t h e r th e r e st

o f th e p a s sa e r e fe r s to th e Na za r e n e Gos p e l i n p a r ti c ul a r or to th e
g ,

Gos p e l of Ma tth e w a t la r e i s fu ll
g , y d i s c us s e d .

Ev a n eli um q uoqu e q u o d a pp e l la tu r s e c u n d u m H e b r a e o s e t
g
am e n up er i n Gr ae cum La tin um qu e s er m on e m tr a n s la tum e s t q u o ,

e t Or ige n e s s a e p e u ti tu r .
 y e r orn e
( g )
O r i en . I9

tr a
n sl a l an gu ag e an d
’

l ate ly te d by m e i n to th e Gr e e k th e
La
ti n , h i ch al s o O ri g en ofte n u se s
w .
’

T h e s ta mm en t th at Ori g e n fre q ue n tly qu ote s th e Gos p e l

acc or din g to th e He b r e w s i s m o st i m p or tan t It i s q u ote d .

by n am e on c e on ly i n h i s Gre e k te xt an d on c e al s o i n a ,

La ti n tra n sl a ti on of h i s Hom i li es on M a tth ew J e r om e h o w .

,

ever w h o w a,
s ad e v ote d s tu d e n t of O r i g e n a nd h a d tr a nsla te d
h i s c om m e n ta r i e s o n th e S on g of S on g s o n Jer e m i a h on , ,

Ez ek i e l a n d o n L uk e c a
,
n sc a r ce ly be m i s ta
,
k e n T h e re i s .

n o n e e d to s upp os e th a t Or i g e n s qu ota ti on s fro m th e Gos p e l

’

w er e i n 1 b k l t f r h i s e x ta t r k s c on ta i v ral
] oo s n o w o s o n w o ,
n s e e

sa y i n g s attr ibu te d by h i m to Je s u s of w h i ch th e s ou r ce i s
u n k n ow n : th es e w ill be g i v e n am on g th e Pr ob abl e an d ‘

Po s s i bl e Fr a g m en ts (App en di x H) .

( )
4 W r i ti n g h i s C o m m en ta r i es on hIa tt h ew i n 3 9 8 A D h e . .
,

c om p a re s fiv e p a ssa g e s i n th e Gos p e l ac cor din g to th e

Heb r e w s w ith corre s p on d in g p as s ag e s i n th e Gr ee k M atth e w .

In th e s e i n s ta n ce s h e s p e a k s o f i t (i ) as {I th e actu al Heb r e w .
,
’

M att ii 5 ; ( ii ) a H
th e Go s p e l w h i ch i s c a lle d ac cor di n g
‘

. . s .

] It i s , h ow
I e v er ,
w or th i
n ot n
g th a
t all o f O r
ge n s i Hom i li es on
’

Matth ew p r ev i ou s to c . x ii i . 6 is l os t T h e m s s n g or t
. i i p ion m ay w ell
have ain e d r efe ren c e s to th e Gos p e l
c on t ac cor di ng to th e He br e w s
as h as be e n s ai d th e Latin tr a ,
ti on
n sl a of th e e x tan t pa r t of th e

Gr e ek tex t actu a lly d oe s gi v e on e q u ota ti on from i t th ou gh w h e th er ,

th e tra n slator foun d th a t i n h i s M S or i n te r p ol a

te d i t h im s elf i s .

u n k n ow n .

1T Be th le em Iu d aeae Li br a
r i or u m h i c e r r or e s t . Pu tam us
en im ab Eva n e li s ta
g p r i m u m e di tu m s i c u t i n ip s o He br a i c o l e i m us
g
e—
, ,

Iuda n on Iuda ea e Beth le em of Juda

. ea He r e i s am i s ta ke
o f th e c op i s ts F o r w e th i n k th a t th e Ev a n el is t or i i n a l ly a
y .
g g g v e ,

as w e r e ad h a a H
l b f a a — d a a I a ’
i n t e c tu e r e w o J d n ot o
f J u e , m .

m os t a n x i o u s n o t to I m pr e s s d ou b tful e vi d e n c e ; but to m e th i s

p as s age s e em s m os t s tr on gly to p oin t to th e Hebr e w or igin al of

Matth e w a n d n ot m er el th e He br e w o f th e O l d T e s ta m nt S
y e O .

Pr of We s tc ott a
. n d th e a uth o r o f S up er n a tu ral R e li gi on w ith D e ,

We tte ( doubtin gly ) S ch w e gl er an d Ew ald ; again s t D elitz s ch

, , ,

C re dn e r Hilge n feld a
,
nd D r Sa n da
, y I n th e n ote s o n Fr 2 a
. nd . .

Fr 3 I h a
. v e fully di s cu s s e d th e q ue s ti on w h eth e r Matt i 1 8 —ii 2 3 . . .

w e r e pr e se n t i n or a b s e n t fr om Je r o m e s O opy o f th e Gos p e l a
’
c c or d

i n g to th e Hebr e w s .

In Ev a n eli o qu o d a ell a n d um Hebr a

’
g pp t ur s e c u eos .

c 2
20 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to Me Hetm w s .

to th Hebr e w s
e M att v i 1 1 (iii ) a ,
s th e Go s p el w h i c h
. . .

th e N a za ren e s a n d Eb i on i te s u s e w h i c h w e l a te ly tr a n sl ate d ,

from th e He b re w l a n g ua g e i n to Gre ek an d w h i ch i s c all e d ,

by v ery m an y [or m os t p ler i s gu e th e or i g i n al o f Matthe w

‘
, ,
’

M att x ii 1 3 ; T the Gos p e l w h i ch th e N a

.
‘
. za r en es use ,
’

M att xx iii 3 5 ; i th e Go s p e l w h i ch i s w r i tten a

.
‘
. c cor d i n g

to th e He b r e w s
‘
M att xxv ii 1 6 ; § th e Go s p e l of w h i ch
,
’
. .

w e o ften m a k e m en ti on M att xxv ii 5 1 ’

. . .
,

T h e th i r d of th e a b ov e r e fe r e n ce s i s i m p or tan t as s h ow
i n g fi r st th a
, t th e N a za
,
r e n es a n d Eb i on i te s u s e d th e s a me
Ara ma i c Gos p e l ; s e con dly th at th e p opul ar O p i n i on of th i s,

Go s p e l w a s th a t it w a s th e or i g i n a l of M atth e w .

5
( ) W r i ti n g to He d bi a a
y t s o m e d ate a f te r 3 98 A D , . .
,

J er om e s p e a k s of [I th e Gos p e l w h i c h i s w r itten i n He br e w
l ette r s r e fe rr i n g to i t for av ar i ati on on th e n arr ati v e o f th e
,
’

Cr u c i fix i on .

( )
6 Wr iti n g ab out up on Is x i 2 h e c all s i t
4 10 A D . . . .
,

ll th e Go s p el w r i tte n ,
i n th e He b re w l a n gu ag e w h i c h th e ,

Na zar en es re ad He q u ote s from i t th e ac c ou n t of th e

.
’

d e s ce n t of th e S p i r i t an d th e v o i c e fr om h e av e n at th e
it
In Ev a
n el
g i o q u o utun tur za
Na raei et Ebi on i tae, quo d n up er
i n Grae c um d e He br ae o s er m on e tr an s tuli m u s e t q uo d v o ca t ur a ,

l r i s u e Ma tt h a ei a uth e n ti c u m
p e q .

1 In Ev a n e l io o u tun tur Na zaren i

“

q u
g .

3: In Eva n ge li o q u o d s c r i bi tu r i u x taHe br a e os .

In Eva n e l i o c u i us s a e e fa c i m u s m en ti on e m
g p .

H I E v a l i a q d H e br ai c i s l i tte r i s s c rip tu m e s t
n n
g e o u t e m u o
( p
E .

ael Hedy b .

fi l S up er h un c i gi tur fi or e m q ui d e tr u n c o et de r a , dic e I e ss e p e r
Ma ria m V i r gi n e m r ep e n te c on s ur ge t, r e q u i e s ce t S pir i tu s D o m in i ,

qu i ai n ip s o c o m p lacu it om n e m p le n i tu di n e m d i v i n i tati s h ab i tar e

al i t — n e ua ua m er pa r te s u t i n c e te r i s s a ti s s e d i u x ta
c o r
p or e r
q q p n c , , ,

Ev a n e liu m q u o d He br a e o s er m o n e c o n s c r i t u m le u n t N a za ra i
g p g e
‘
D e s c e n d e t s u p er e um om n i s fon s S pir i tu s S a n c ti
’
( 0 0 m m i n Is . .

li b i v )
. . U p on th i s fl ow e r th e r e for w h i ch s h a ll s u d de n ly a ri s e
,

fr o m th e tr un k a n d fr o m th e r o ot o f J e s s e th r o u h th e V ir i n Ma y
g g r ,

th e S pir it of th e Lor d s h a ll r e s t be c aus e i t h ath pleas e d h im th at i n

,

h i m th e e n tir e fuln e s s o f th e Godh e a d s h oul d d w e ll bodi ly — in n o

w i s e pa r ti a l ly as i n th e r e s t of th e s ain ts but ac c or din g to th e
, , ,

Gos p el c o m p ose d i n th e He br e w la n ua e w h ic h th e N a a re n e s r ea d
g g z .

, , ,
“
T h e e n ti re foun ta in of th e Holy Spirit s h all de s cen d upon h i m ”
.
22 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

addi n g a s tate m en t from Ig n ati u s to th e f

e f e ct th a
t th e
A p os tl e s h os e n w e r e s in n er s abo ve all m e n He
w hen c .

th e n s ays If th ou u s e s t n ot th e s e te s ti m on i e s for a
,
u th or i ty ,

u s e th e m a t lea s t for a n ti qu i ty as to w h a t a ll chu r ch m e n ,

h av e fe lt Th e c on te n ts of th e Frag m en ts i n qu e s ti on ar e
.
’

s o b ol d th a t u n l e s s Je r o m e h a
,
d had av e r y fir m fa i th i n th e
Gos p el a c c or d in g to th e He b r e w s it i s m o s t u n l i k e ly th a t he ,

w ou l d h a v e n ot on ly adopte d th em but stam p ed th em w i th

h is a pp r ob ati on i n acon trov ers i al w ork .

We p as s to tw o of Je rom e s con te m p or ar i e s an d
n ow
’

r —
adv er s ai e s Jul i an th e Pe l ag i an an d T h e odore of Mop ,

s u es ti a w h o b oth
,
m e n ti on h i m i n c on n e x i on w i th th e
G os p e l a c c or di n g to th e He b r e w s .

J U L IAN th e Pe l a g i an i n h i s con trov er s y w ith Au gusti n eT

u s e s th e l as t-m e n ti on e d p as s age of Je ro m e ag ain s t A ugu s
ti n e s a
,
y i n g th at Je r om e e v e n tr i e s by th e te sti m on y of a
‘

fi h G s p el w h i c h h e s a y a b ra l a by
( or t h e ) ft o s h s e e n ,t n s te d
h i m s e lf to s h ow & c i
,
.
’

T HEO D OR E § of Mop s u e s ti ai s r e p orte d by PHO T IU S to h a ve

sa i d th at Jer om e h ad for g e d an addi ti on al fifth Gosp el p re ,

te n di n g th a t he ha d fou n d i t i n th e b ook c a s e s of Eu s e b i u s of

Pa l e s tin e [I ’
.

T hese p a ssa g e s of cou r s e on ly s h ow th at th e i r au th or s

k n e w n oth in g w h ate v e r ab out th e Gosp e l ac cordi n g to th e
Heb re w s .

N e x t co m e s ‘
T HEO D ORE T , w h o H st a
te s fir s t of th e Eb i on ite s

Q i b ut ti m us es o n n s s i n on u te r i s ad au c tor i tate m , uter e s a

ltem
ad a tiq i tat m q i d
n u e ,
u om n e s e c c es l ias ti ci v ir i s en s e rin t .

“‘
l N ot l ate r th a
n 43 0 A D . .
, w h e n A u gu s t i ne d i ed .

3: C um ill e in D ial g ill o o o et a m i quin ti Ev a

n e ln ,
g q uo d
as e tr a
n s latu m di it t ti m
c i
,
es on o n i t a
tur o s ten de r e &c . A
( gu u s t i i
n

Op us Imp erfec tu m con tr a Iuli a n um , li b v . i . o . I ow e th i s re

fe r en c e to Pr o f We s tc ott . .

Born a bou t 3 5 0 A D , d e d 4 28 o r 4 2 9 . . i A D . .

'
T o ii r o v ( i . e . Je ro m e ) 32 n e n ro v
p Ebay y é h p aat aw k daac
ov u o

aZ g Ebo efii ov Hah aw r i v ov fi fih w flfi xa

’ '

h iy a (i . e . T h eodor e ) , eu r 7
7 01 a tg

il rrow h ar r op w oy Ph o t us d e d i i a
bout 891 A D . .

fll Writin g be tw e en 451 an d 4 58 A D . .
 7 er om e . S ix oth er Wr i ter s . 2 3

in gen er al th at ‘t
hey re c e ac cor di n g to
i ve on ly th e Gos p e l
th e an d afte rw ar ds s p e ak i n g of p a rti c ul ar ,

Eb i on ite s , th a
t ‘
th e y u s e o n ly th e Gosp el a ccor di n
g to

M atth ew fi
’ '
.

BE J 1 at th
DAe b e g i n n i n g o f th e e i gh th c e n tu r y d oe s n ot ,

s e e m to h a ve kn ow n an y m or e of th i s Gos p e l th an w h at h e
le arn t from Jero m e A fter s p e ak i n g of Ap o cry ph al Gos p e l s
.
,

h e sa y s He re i t m u s t be n ote d th at th e Gosp el accor di n g to

th e Hebr ew s a s it i s ca ,
ll e d i s n ot to be re ck on e d am o n g ,

a p ocryph al but am on g e ccle s i as ti c al h i s tor i e s : for i t s ee m e d

g ood e v en to th e v e r y tr an s l ator o f Holy S cr i p tu r e Je r om e , ,

to u se v er y m a n y e v i d e n c e s fr o m i t a n d to tr an sla te i t i n to th e ,

La ti n a n d Gr ee k l a n gu a ge T h e w or d s ecc les i as ti ca l a
’
. nd

h i s tori es a r e d oub tl e s s b orr ow e d fr om ou r l a st pa ssa ge of

Je r om e .

A t th e e n d of th e e i gh th
b e g in n i n g o f th e n i n th ce n ,
or ,

tu ry N IK EP HOR U S II I I pu ts th e Gos p e l a c c o r d i n g to th e He b r e w s

i n h i s l i st o f th e d i s pu te d b ook s o f th e Ne w T es ta m e n t— to
g e th er w ith th e A p oc alyp s e of J ohn th e (l o s t) Ap oc alyp se of ,

Pe te r a n d th e Ep i s tl e o f Ba
,
rn a b as He h as as e p ar ate l i st .

of a h al b o o k s C r e dn e r w h o h a s g i v e n m u c h p ai ns
p o cr
yp .
,

to th e s e l i s ts a r gu e s n ot w i th o u t r e a
,
s on,
th at th e y a re ,

d er iv e d fr om s om e v er y m u c h e a rl i e r S y r i a c a u th or ity of ,

ab ou t th e fifth ce n tu ry (Ges ch i ch te d es K an on s 1 84 7 pp 1 00 , ,
.

A b o u t th e s a
m e ti m e lfi
S ED U LIU S S oor us fil re fe r s to th e o ath

W e
M oi o r 5
/
‘
8 T oKar aEfi .

tw v ai ov g Ebay y ek to v di xo v r m
’

( Haer Fa
.b .

11 I)
a
. .

-
H
‘
‘
Eb a yy
‘
e h l ) 36
g Kar M a i Ba l m ! lcé
xpnv r at om
p p
f
i ; B or n a b o u t 6 7 2 A D ,
d e d 7 3 5 A D . .i . .

In ter qu ae n otan dum q u od di c i tur E v an ge li um i ux taHe br aeos

n on i a pocryph as s e d in ter e ccle sias ti cas n um er an dum h i s tor i as
n te r

na m e t ip s i S a erae S cr i ptu r ae i n te r p r e ti Hi e r on y m o p l er aq u e e x eo

te s tim on i au s u rp a re e t i p s u m i n La ,
ti n u m Gr a e cum u e vi s um e s t
q
tra n sfe r r e s e r m on e m ( In Lu c I i ) . . .

Pa tr i a
r c h of C o n s tan tin opl e b or n a bout 7 5 8 A D die d 8 2 8 A D ,
. .
, . .

fi Hl Flour i sh e d abou t 8 00 A D . .
2 4 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hehr ew s .

of Jam es ( Fr 29
) . w ith th e w or ds ac c or din g as it i s re ad in
”6
th e Gos p el ac c ord i n g to th e Hebr e w s A s th e i n c i de n t i s .

re l ate d by Je r om e an d S e duli us al so w rbte Expl an ati on s of

,

s Pr e face s to th e Go s p e l s th er e i s l i ttl e d oubt th a

’
J e r om e t ,

th is f
r e e r en c e is on ly b orr ow e d from h im .

lly CO D EX T IS C HEN D ORFIAN U S III (A) aGr e ek M S

Fi n a ,
.
,
.

of th e Go s p el s , d a
ti n g f om ab ou t th e b e g in n i ng of th e n i n th r

c e n tu y c on ta i n s i n Matthe w fou m ar g i n al qu otati on s of

r ,
r

c or e s p on di n g p a
r s sa g e s i n th e Je w i s h ( 5 on e of 7

w h i ch i s i de n ti c al w ith on e of Je om e s qu ota ti on s f om th e r
’
r .

Gos p e l a c co di n g to th e Heb e w s r r .

We h av e s e en th a
p as s ag e Je rom e s p e ak s of th e
t in on e

Gosp e l accor di n g to th eHebr ew s w h i c h th e N a zar e n e s u s e to

th i s d ay
— a ft e r th e A p os tl e s o r a s Tm os t d ee m a c c or di n g to , , ,

Ma tth e w A c c or di n gly Hilge n fe ld th e w r ite r of S up er

.
’
,

na tur a l Reli gi on a n d oth e r s i den ti fy i t w ith th e Gos p el

,

ac cor di n g to th e T w e lv e Ap os tl e s s p ok en of by Or i gen ,

A m b r o s e J e r o m e h i m s el f a
,
n d T h e O h la
p y ct If t h i s b e s o , .
,

i t te n d s to s h ow th a t n ot o n e o f th e s e fou r b eli e v e d i n th e
M atth ae a n o ri g i n of th e Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s .

O R IGEN s a y s T h e Chur ch h as fou r Gos p el s th e h e r e s i e s

‘
,

v e ry m an y ou t of w h i ch a c e r tai n on e i s w ritte n ac cordin g

,

to th e Egyp ti a ns a n o th e r a c c or d i n g to th e T w e lv e A p os tl e s
,

A M BRO S E w r i ti n g b efor e 4 00 A D sa
‘
&c &c i . .
’
y s An d
, . .
,

th e r e i s c u rr e n t i n dee d a n oth er Gos p e l w h i c h th e T w e lv e

A p os tl e s are sa i d to h av e J ERO M E h i m se lf w r i t ,

S i cu t in Ev a
n el
g i o s e c u n d um He braeos l e gi tur ( In 1 Cor .

xv .

n e li o i u x ta
T In E v a He br ae os u o u tun tur u s qu e h o di e N a
za i
g q r e n

—s e c un du m a u tu m a
A p o s tol os , s i
n t i u x taMa tth a
v e, u t e um p l e ri u e
q ,

e la iii P ler i u e m a m e a n on ly v any

’
( A dv P g.
g .
y . e r
y m .

Ec cl e s iaq ua tu or h a b e t Ev an e li a h a
g e r e s e s plu r i m a e q ui bu s , ,

q u od d am s c r i bi tu r s e c u n du m A e
gy p ti o s, a li u d j u x ta D u o d e c i m

A p o s tol o s & c & c ( Ha m i i n Lao —e x ta

. n t i n th e La
. tin tr a
. n sl a
.tion
on ly ) .

Et liud
a quide m fer tur Eva
n el
g iu m qu od D u o de c i m Ap o s tol os
n Lu c
s c ri
p s isse d ic un tur ( 0 0 m m i . .
 T h e Gosp el of th e T w etoe Ap os tles
’
N ot . 2 5

in g 3 9 8 A D
. .
,
s y s th at
a ma
ny p ok en of by of th e Gos p e l s S

L uk e r e m a in w h i ch publ i sh ed by di ve rs e auth or s h ave

, , ,

b e e n th e star ti n g -p oin ts of di v e r s e h ere s i es ; as i s th at

ac cor d i n g to th e Egyp ti an s an d T h om as an d M a tth i a
,
s of , ,

th e T w e lv e A p os t l e s a l s o & c HLas tly T HEO PHYL A C T w r i t .

’
, ,

in g a t th e b e g i n n i n g of th e s e v e n th c e n tu ry s p e a k s of th e ,

Go s p e l i n s cr ib e d o f th e T w e lv e ll .
’

T h i s i d e n ti fi c a ti on I c a n n ot a c ce p t J er om e d o e s n ot .

s ta te th a t th e Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r ew s w a s ca lled
afte r (ac cord i n g to) th e Ap os tl es h e i s on ly g i v i n g diffe r en t ,
’

v i e w s as to i ts or i g i n an d h e e xp r e s s ly s tate s th at ac o m m on
,

Op l n l on a ttr i bute d i t to M a tthe w If a n y o n e s h oul d fa n cy .

th a t s ecun du m A p o s tol o s a s com p a r e d w i th i u zctaHe br a

‘ ‘ ’ ’
,
eos

an d i n ataMatth aeu m i m pl i e s th at th e titl e i s b e in g g i v e n

,
’
,

h e w i ll fin d th a t J er o m e e l s e w h er e (Com m o n M i c a h v ii 6 an d . .

Ma tt v i 1 1 ) c a
. . ll s i t al s o s ecun du m Hebr ae os th e O bj e ct of
‘
,
’

s ecun du m i n th e p a ssa g e b e for e u s b e i n g th ere for on ly to pr e

v e n t th e aw k w ar d n e s s of thre e i uoctas s o cl os e to g eth er Wh e r ’
.

e v er (fo ur ti m e s ) h e e xp r e s s ly g iv e s th e n a m e o f th e Go s p e l i t i s
ac c or di n g to th e He b r e w s ( Com m on M i c ah v i i 6 Matt . .
, .

v i 1 1 an d xxv ii 1 6 Catal S cr ip t Ecol u n de r

. .
,
. . .

T ha t h e w oul d s p e a k of th e Gos p e l of th e T w e l v e Ap o s tl e s
i n th e p r e fa ce to h i s c om m e n ta r y on M a tth e w a n d tw i c e i n ,

th a t C o m m e n ta r y s a th a t th i s s am e G o s p e l w as c all ed
y
ac c or di n g to th e He b r e w s i s m os t u n l ik ely N or 1 s i t l e s s,
’
.

u n l ik e ly th at h e w o ul d tw i c e i n th at C om m e n tar y (on M att .

ii 5 an d x ii 1 3 ) U ph ol d th e M atth ae an or i g i n o f th e Gos p e l
. .

ac cord i n g to th e Heb r e w s an d y e t i n th e p r e fac e to th e s am e

C om m e n ta r y m e n ti o n i t a s on e o f an u m b e r of Go s p e l s w h i c h ,

h av i n g b een publ i s h e d by d i v e r s e au th ors h av e b ee n th e ,

s tati g p oi n ts o f d i v e r s e h er es i e s
- ’
r n .

Of th e r e m a i n i n g thr ee auth or s n e ith er Am b ros e n or ,

T h e Oph y l a c t n or
y e t O
,
r i g en s a y s a w or d to l e a d u s to i d en
,

tify th e tw o Gos p e l s ; O r i g e n i n de e d o n ce i f n ot tw i c e , ,

qu ote s th e Go s p e l ac cordi n g to th e He br e w s by i ts u s ual

na me Fr om th e ti m e of I r e n a
. e u s w h o l i v e d b e for e Or i g e n ,
,

Q ae a diuv e r s i s au c to r i b u s e di ta d i v e r s a
r u m h a
e r e s e o n fu e r e

prin cipia; u t es t i llu d i ux ta A e gy ptios e t T h om am e t Matth i am , , ,

D uo d e c im q u o qu e A p os tol or um & c ( Com m i n M a tth , . . .

fl) T 6 i m y pacpo é v w v 61 V A rbde hja In L uc

y 7
( .
2 6 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H ebr e w s .

to th at of J er om e , w ho o utl i v e d Am b r o se , th e au th or s h i p of
th e Gos p e l ac c or din g to th e He b r e w s s e em s to h a v e b een
g e n er ally as s i g n e d to M atth e w an d fr om
th e ti m e of Cl e m e n t
, ,

Or i gen s m a s ter to N i k e p h or u s w h o l i v e d 2 00 y e a rs a fte r

’
, ,

T h e Oph y la c t i ts p opul a
,
r ti tl e s e e m s to h a v e b e en th e Go sp e l
ac co r di n g to th e He b r e w s It i s th ere for m os t u n l i k e ly
.
’

th a t th i s s h oul d be th e w or k of w h i ch w i th ou t a n
y fu r th e r ,

e xpl a na ti on O r i g e n A m b r os e a
, ,
n d T h e O p h la
y ct s p e ak,
a s th e

Go s p e l a cc or d i n g to th e T w e lve Ap o s tl es .

We may n ow s um upx ter n al e v i d en ce r e gar di n g th i s

th e e

Gos p e l . We fin d th at th ere e x i s te d am o n g th e N az ar en e s
an d Eb i on i te s aGo s p el c om m on ly c all e d th e Gos pe l ac c or d
i n g to th e He b r e w s w r i tte n i n A r a ma i c but w ith He b rew
’
, ,

c ha ra c te r s . Tha t i ts a uth or s h i p w a s a ttr i bu te d by s om e to

t h e Ap o s tl e s i n g e n e r a —
l but by v ery m an y o r m o s t i n clu din g
,

clea rly th e N a za r en e s a n d Eb i on i te s th e m s e lv e s— to M a tth e w .

Tha t i t i s s p ok e n o f a s th e Go s p e l a ccor d i n g to M a tth e w by

I r e n ae u s ab ou t 1 9 0 A D an d by Ep i ph an i us an d i ts tran sl ator
. .
,

J e r om e i n th e fou rth ce n tury th ough Ep i ph a ,

n i us m e n ti on s

th a t th e Eb i on ite C op i e s w e re c orr up te d Th a t Pa p i as .

na rr a te d a s tory fou n d i n i t i f h e d i d n o t q u ote i t ; th a t

'

He ge s i pp u s q u ote d i t ; th at i t w as c ite d as S cr i p tur e by

C l e m e n t of A l e x a n d r i a; a nd w a s q u ote d by O r i g e n — all of
w h o m w r ote b e fore th e m i d dl e o f th e th i r d ce n tu ry T ha t s om e .

p e opl e w e r e c ou n tin g i t s p ur i ou s i n th e m i ddl e of th e fourth

c e n tu r y bu t th a
, t w e d o n o t k n ow w h o th e y w er e or w h e th e r
th e i r O p i n i on w a s m e r e ly th e re s ul t O f p r eju di ce a g ain s t
a w ork c ir cul a ti n g a l m os t e x clus i ve ly am on g st s e ctari an s .

T ha t a t th e s a m e ti m e th e A p o c a lyp s e o f John w as al s o
c ou n te d s p ur i ou s by s om e T ha t i n al i s t o f a
. b o ut 8 00 A D . .
,

b ut d e r i v e d m a ,
yb e fr om on e o f ab out th e fifth ce n tu ry th e
, ,

Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s i s c a lle d ad i s pute d b ook ,

but i s n ot c a lle d s pur iou s — th e A p oc alyp s e of John b e in g

ag ai n c l as s e d w ith i t .

It m u s t be s a i d th at th i s Gos p e l i s n ot foun d i n an y l i s t
of a c c e p te d b ook s : th e o m i s s i on w o ul d h ow e v e r be n a ,
tu ra l ,

if it w a s l ook e d on a s am e r e Ar a ma i c e dition of th e Go sp e l
ac cor di n g to M a tth ew O n th e o th e r h a
. n d n e i th e r i s i t ,

fo u n d i n a n
y l i s t o f d i s pu te d b o ok s s av e t h o s e o f E ,
u s e b i u s
 S um m ar
y of E x te r n al E v i de n ce .

an d Nik ep h or u s ab ov e -m en t i on e d .
*
N or w e r e i ts p opul a r

cla i m s to be l ook e d on a s an a u th e n ti c Go s p e l com in g fr om

Ma tth ew c h a ll e n g e d by a s in gle an c i en t w r iter e x c e p t
T h e odore of M Op s ue s ti a w h o a
,
c c u s e d Je r om e of
‘
h av i n g
for g e d an add iti on al fifth Go s p e l p r ete n din g th at h e h ad
,

fo un d i t i n th e b ook c as e s of Eu s eb i u s of Pal e s tin e —as ta te

m e n t w h i c h of c o u r s e s h ow s th a t h e k n e w n oth i n g w h a te v e r
of th e Gos p e l a cc or d i n g to th e He b r e w s .

I s h all n ow g i v e an an n otate d r en de r in g of th e Fr ag m en ts ,

after w h i ch i n Part III I s h all e s ti m ate th e in ter n al

,
.
,

e v i de n ce a fforde d by th e m a ,
n d sha ll c on s ider w h e th er th e
e xte rn a l an d i n te rn al e v i dence c o m b i n e to r en der lik ely an y
c on c l us i on a b o ut th e or i g i n of th i s Gos p e l .

S e e, h ow e v e r, Adden da .
2 8 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hehr ew s .

II .

T HE FR A GM E N T S .

NOT E — I ha v e a an g e d th e F ag m en ts w h i ch h av e rr os r

can o i ca l p aalle l s o as to o e s p on d ith th e d

n r f th e
s c rr w or er o

Go p e l a cco d i g to M a
s tth e i e ti g th s at th o e p oi t
r n w ,
ns r n o er s n s

wh e e th y m i gh t be m t ai ly dov e tail e d i to th e c a o i cal

r e os e s n n n

na a ti v e
rr I ha v e b k e th e m up i to v e e fo m o e
. ro n n rs s r r c on

ven i e t om p ai o n c i th th a n i al te xts I t a l ati g

r s n w e c no c . n r ns n ,

my a im h a be to be a l i te a
sl a p ibl e h o t o f b e i g
en s r s oss , s r n

g s ly u idi m ati al
ro s n th i th t a la
o ti u ld h a c o er w se e r ns on w o ve

been m u ch c los er th an i t i s to th e p h r as eology o

f th e Au th or i z ed

Fr a fr om Epi ph an i us are i n di cate d by (E bi on i te)

g m en ts ,

th os e fr om J er om e by (N a za r en e
) t h os e fr om Cod e x T i s ch e n ,

d or fia n u s III — p r e s u m a bly tak e n from Je rom e s tran sl ation ’

.

-b N a za A q a i f O r i g e n s w h i c h s e e m s to
’
y ( r en e u ot t o n o

ha v e b e en c om m on to th e Gos p e l ac cordi n g to M atth e w an d

th a t o f th e Eb i on ite s i s n o t i n d i c a te d a s (E bi on i te b e c a u
’
), s e

i n w r i te r s b e for e Ep i p h a ‘
Eb i on i te s s ee m s to i n c lu de
’
n i us

th e N a za r e n e s w h om h e i s th e fi r s t to m en ti on u n d e r th e
,

l atter n am e .

FRA GM EN T S O F T HE GO S PEL A C C O RD IN G T O T HE

HEBR EWS .

t l . Pr efa
ce 1 . T her e w as acer tai n ma
n by n am e
( Ebi oni te )
p as s age s I h av e h ow e v e k e pt Lo d as th e t an sla
In tw o r r r

tio n o f Ktp w h e r e I s h o ul d h av e lik e d Mas te o S ir i n o de r ’

ze r r ,
r
,

n ot to w e ak e n th e p aa ll eli s m be tw e e n th os e p assages a
r n d o th er s in

th e c an o ica l book s n .

1 Epiph a n ia Haer XXX 1 3

‘
a
’
d
’
I)
’

( E é é
” “
s y C y r er N c wr
,
.
p y . ov rc
' -
i aim dc di g £71 131) xo v r a f fa a hfi
E
Inao i§ g, Ka r
p d t ,
3 g é e h é r o i ud g
u .
( )
2 K t dw
ba
Kag rao iz kfi
fi é m xh nflé v r o g fi
’

s ic e o i ev f ig T u o im u r Ei p w r og 7
7 01
p p
‘
a
ag 7 6 Gr nd at r o fi el m ( 3 ) Hapepxé p ev og r apt! r iul
fl é r po v , Kai d w o i E

fi
h i y a77 V T i ept d to g ti mi d/u p ! Iw c w r nv Kai l dr w flo v , v im) ; Z s fle datov ,
’ ' '
/
 3 0 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H ehr e w s .

an d S i m on an d An dr e w fi ,
a nd TTh ad
‘

da eu s a n d S i m o n th e 1 Z e a
,
l ot an d Ju d as ,

th e I s ca r i ot ;

4 ‘
An d th e e llMa
. tth e w S i tti n g at th e
r e c e i p t of c u s tom I c a ll e d an d th ou d i dst ,

follow me .

5 . I ill the re fo th at y e be
w ,
r, tw e lv e
ap os tl e s for ate s ti m on y to I s ael
’
r .

re as on w h y S m on i s h ou l d be put on ly th i d i n th e r Eb i iton e Gos pe l

un e s s l i t b e th a
t, th e Ap o s tl e s lin ke d by th e ti e of br oth e rh o o d
be i n
g m e n t on e d b
y a i
r s , J oh n an d Ja m es p i w er e c on s id ered am or e
im p o r ta
nt
p ai r th an S m on a n d An d r e w i .

am ple o f th e c a
An ex r e l e s s n e s s of Ep i ph a n ia s w h o ha s on ly ,

i v en u s e i h t n a m e s t h o u h t h e m e n ti o n of t w e lv e Ap o s tl e s i
g g g , n

v 5 s h ow s th at th e n am e s of four oth er s w e r e in th e ori gin al

. .

T Th e na m e Th a dda ‘
Th a d da o c cu r s i n Ma
’
‘
i os eu s rk
, i ii 1 8 , .

w h er e h o w e v e r D a n d th e Ol d La tin r e a d L e bba i os ‘
L ebba eu s , ,

w h i ch n a m e ( or L e bes or L ev i s ) w a s a ls o th e r eadin g of M S S .

s p ok e n of b
y O r i en
g I n Ma t t x 3 T h a d d ai
. os i s a l s o r ea d by
. .
,

R B by s o m e M S S of th e o l d La
,
ti n by th e V u l ga
. te a nd b
y th e , ,

C op tic v e r s i on s : m o s t M S S a l s o ( C i s u n c er tain ) r ead Lebbaeu s

1
.

th a t w a s s urn a m ed Th a d da eus an d s o th e S y ria c v er s i on s ,

’
( th e

C ur e ton i a n i s d e fi c i e n t h e r e ) w i th th e A e th i o p i c a n d Arm e n i a n ;

bu t D w i th M S S s p ok e n o f by A u gu s ti n e r e a
,
. d s Le bba e us a l on e , ,

an d th is w as th e r e adin g o f O rige n s tr an s l a tor o f Rufin us ( a

’
bou t ,

A D 4 00 ) a n d He s ch iu s (6th
. .
y
3: T h e C a na na ea n as h e i s c a lle d by Ma tt a
’
n d Ma rk
( n ot .

Ca na an ite as th e A ,
’
Ca na na ea n
( fr om K a
. n ca n
) w a s t h e
’

Ar a ma ic n am e for th at u l tr a-patrioti c fac ti on of Je w s w h om Jo s e

p h u s w riti n g i n Gr e e k
,
ca l l s th e Z ea l ots W e fi ,
n d L uk e
( v i 15 . .

an d A c ts i 1 3 ) u s in g th e Gree k e quiv a le n t
Ta
. .

u as th e w eigh t of MS a u th or it
y i n Ma tt x 4 . . .
,

J o h n x i i 4 X i V 2.2 I m <
,
a p ub r n c . a n d I m.ca p u 59 ( I
’
s k a r i o th ) th e— ’
¢

latter of w h ich i s n ow th e r e c ogn i s e d re adin g i n Mark i ii 1 9 x i v .

,

—
.

10 a n d Luk e v i 6 a r e th e Gr a e c i z e d for m s o f I h K r i oth ma

’
,
1 . n s
,

atow n i n th e s outh of th e tr ibe o f Ju da h p os s ibly th e

’ ’
of K r i o th , ,

r u in s c a lle d K urge tein .

a a os s i bly b e m e n ti o n e d l a st a a v
H M t th e w m y j u st
p s h i n
g b e e n

ca lle d u n de r differ en t c ir c um s tan c e s fr om th e r e s t ; oth e rw i s e th e

p os iti o n of h i s n am e m u s t be tak e n to im ply th at h e w as th e w r ite r
o f th e Go s p el w h e th e r i ts s ol e a ,
u th or or i ts e di tor on beh a l f of th e
Apos tle s co llecti v ely .
 T h e E hi on i te Pr eface . M att i i 5 . .
, I5 .
3 1

11 2 M att 11 5 Ju d a
'
. . . .
Bethl e h e m of h .

(Naz ar en e )
3 Ma tt ii 1 5
. . . .
O ut of Egyp t h av e I c a
ll e d my s on .

( N aear en e
) .

fll Je r o m e Ma tt 1 1 5 Li br a r i o r u m h i c e r r or e s t
on . .
, Puta m us .

e n im a b Ev a n e l i s t apr i m u m e ditu m s i c ut i n ip s o He br a i c o le i m u s
g g ,

Iu da e n on Iu da,
ea e Her e i s am i s tak e o f th e c opy i s ts For w e .

th i n k th a t t h e Eva n el i s t
g or i gin a lly g a v e a s w e r ea d i n th e , .

ac t u a —
l Hebr e w of Judah n ot of Judaea Hilge n feld an d s om e,
’
.

o th e r s h ol d th a t th e He br e w of th e O l d T e s ta m e nt i s r efe r r e d
to No w ( i ) Je r o m e w h o be li e v e d i n th e Ma
. .
, tth a ea n or i i n o f t h a
g t
Gosp e l a nd h a ,
d publi s h e d h i s b e li e f w o ul d h a r dl
y h a v e c ou c h e d a ,

r e fe r e n c e to th e He br e w o f th e O l d T e s ta m e n t i n w o r ds w h i c h a s ,

h e w oul d h a v e s e e n m i gh t be n atu r ally tak en as ar e fe r en c e to h i s

,

Ar a ma i c Gospel ; ( ii ) i t i s r e m ar k able th at J e r o m e s ugge s ts n ot

.

Be th l e e m Iu dA a s th e o ri i n a r ea i
‘ ‘
g l d
’
n
g b u t B e th l e e m Iu dAE , ,
’

‘
O F Ju d a In e v e ry p a ssa e O ld T e s ta
’
h .
g e i n th m e n t w h e r e Be th
le h em Ju dah i s n am e d J e r om e r e n de r s Be th l e em Iu dA an d i n th e , ,
’

v e ry v er s e of Matth ew w h i ch h e i s c om m e n tin g on h e tw i c e q u o te s
th e p r oph e c y of M ic a h a Et t u Be th le e m te r r a Iu dA Th is
’
s .

s ol ita e a s s i n gul a r a e n q ui r i n
‘ ’
u s e of I n dAE s tr uc k m n d on
r
y g ,

fr om th e R e v D r He r m a n n A dl e r I l e a
. .r n th a t w h er e a s th e He br e w , ,

o f th e O l d T e s ta m e nt a l w ay s h as Be th l e h e m Ye h u dah th e A r am aic ,
’

n w h i c h th e Go s p e l a c c o r din g to th e He br e w s w a s w r i tte n l
( i ) w o u d
pr obably r epr e s en t th e n am e as Be th le h e m D I Ye h u dah Be th le h e m ,
’

OF J u d a Be th l ee m In dA E Jer o m e s r e a s o n fo r w r i ti n a
’ ’ ’
h ,
.

g I u d e

i n th i s s oli ta ry i n s ta n ce s e e m s th e r e for to h a v e be e n th at h e w as
, ,

Spe a k in g n ot of th e He br ew o f th e O l d T e s ta m e n t bu t of th e A r a ma ic
Go s pe l a c c or di n t o th e He br e w s I n Ma tt h ii 1 5 C u t i
g r e o n .
g v es . .
, ,

o f J u da a s th e r e a di n g o f th e C u r e to n i a n S ri a
y c w i th w h i c h th e

P e s h i to c on c ur s T i s c h e n d o r f gi v e s I u d a ( Be th l e h e m I u da a
’
.

) s t h e

rea din g o f b o th But afe w m i n ut e s w i th aS y r i a

. c
g ra m m a r s h ow s

m e th a t C ur e ton i s r i gh t a t le ast a s re a
g r d s h i s o w n v e r s i on w h i ch ,

ha s th e p re p o s i ti on d i i n fr on t of Yu da S o m e M S S of th e O ld
"
. .

La tin a n d V ul ga te a l s o gi ve Iu d ae o f Ju dah ’
.
,

9”
J e r om e Catal S cr ip t E ccl es u n d e r Matth aeu s th e p a
,
.
‘
.
s sae
g.

i s q u o te d a n d tr a n sl a te d a bo v e p 1 8 Hi lge n fe ld an d oth e r s w h o ,
. .
,

beli e v e th a t th e Go sp e l a c c or di n g to th e He b r e w s d i d n o t c on ta i n Ma tt .

i 18 —ii 2 3 den y th at th e p as s age i n J er om e pr o ve s th at th i s an d

. .
,

th e n e x t q u o ta ti on w e r e fo u n d i n h i s c o py o f th e N a za r e n e Gos p e l .

T h e q u e s tio n h a r dly a d m i ts of a r um en t a
g nd I a m q u i te c on te n t to ,

l e av e i ts d e ci si on to th e r eader T h os e w h o h av e n o pr e vi ous .

ac qua in tan c e w ith Je r om e s w ri tin gs m ay i n de e d w on der w h y h e

’

dir e cts S p ecia l atten ti on to th e fact th at th e O T qu otation s in th e . .

0 '

3 2 T h e Gos
p el accor di ng to th e H e h r ew s .

4 . Ma tt 11 2 3 . . .
Tha
t h e Sh a
ll be c a
ll e d N az ar en e .

N aza
( r en e
)

Na r e n e Gos p el a r e e
za
g w ith
He br ew s e ein g th a th e t th e t w o i n ,

s a
t n c es
g i v e n o c c ur i n th e c a n on i c a l M a tth ew w h e r e th ey a r e e
g ,

e qu a lly w i th th e He br e w J e r o m e h ow e v e r n e v e r l o s e s a
.
,
n o
pp o r ,

tu n i ty o f a r u in for th e h i h e r a u th or i ty o f th e o r i gin a l H eb r e w
g g g
o v e r th e S ep tu a g i n t v er s i o n a n d h i s obj e c t i n t h e p a
,
s s a e i n qu e s
g
ti o n m a y v e ry w e l l b e to S h ow th a t n o t o n ly th e Gre e k tra n s la t i on

o f Ma tth e w to ok i ts qu o ta ti on s from th e He br e w but th a t so a ls o ,

di d th e o ri gin a l Ar am aic Hilge n fel d s e labor ate r e vi e w of th e

‘ ’
.
,

qu e s tion as D r S an day c alls i t ( Gosp e ls

,
’
. c on s i s ts a lm o s t e n
,

ti r ely of r e futa ti on s to fe e bl e a r u m e n ts a
g d d uc e d b
y s o m e of h i s

o ppo n e n ts , w h om h e h a s n o di ffi cul ty i n v a n qu i s h i n B u t t h nl
g e o y .

t w o w h i ch h e br i n gs for w a r d on h i s ow n s i d e a ffo r d th e m a n e q ua lly

ea s y v i c to r O n e i s th a t th i s pa r t of M a tt h ew w a s r ej e c te d b
y
y .
,

K er i n th u s a n d Ca r o cr a t s h i h w ou l d be aS tr on a r u m en t i f
p e w c , g g
w e k n e w th a t th e s e h er e s i a r c h s u se d th e N a za r e n e e diti on o f th e

Gosp e l a c c or din t o t h e He br e w s : un h a pp i ly th e r e i s n o e v i de n c e
g
th a t th ey u s e d a n y e di ti on of it w h a te v e r ( s e e Ap p en di x C ‘
Th e ,

Go s p el o f C a r o c ra t es a n d K e r in th u s T h e o th e r i s th a t E i
p p
a n i u s w h e n h e c o n fe s s e d h i s i gn o r a
‘
h n ce W h e th e r th e Na za
p ,
r en e s

ha ve a t th e s a m e ti m e ta k en a w a y th e ge n e alogie s fr om A br ah am to
C h ri s t h a s a s s u m e d th a t th e r es t of Ma tt 1 ii w a s w a n ti n
’
, g f r om. . .

th e i r Gos p el 1 m e r ely a . sk th e r e a d e r to tur n t o th e p a ssa e

g
q a p a d rem a rk i n c on cl us i o n th a l a
( u o t e d b o v e n ,
. t i f m y st ,

n ote i s w e ll fo u n d e d Hi l ge n fe l d s p o s iti on br e a k s dow n a l to geth e r

’
, .

T h e Gr e ek o f Ma tt 1 1 2 3 r e n de r e d by J e r om e i n th e s a
. .
, me
La tin by w h i ch h e r e n d e r s th e p a ra llel p a ss a e i n th e Go s p e l a
g c c o r d
i n g to th e He br e w s n e e ds n ot m e a n th a t th e r e w a s a n p a r ti c ul a r
, y
pr oph e cy He Sh all be c alle d Naz ar e n e It i s tr ue th at th e Gre ek .
’

i s th a t h e sh a ll be c a lle d an d n ot th at h e Sh o ul d be c alle d but

‘ ’
, ,
.

if a n G r e ek s ch ol a r th i n k s th a t t h e u s e of th e i n di c a ti v e m ea
y ns

th a t th e a c tu a l w or ds h e sh all be c alle d w e r e fo un d i n th e p ro
‘

a o Ma n ta a a
’

p h e ts ,
r e fe r e n c e t d vi
g s S y x o
f th e G r e ek L n u
g g e ,

Br o w n e a n d A rn ol d s tr a n sla ti on 18 7 3 p 1 1 0 o r to Win e r s
’ ’

, , .
,

Tre a ti s e on th e Gr a mma f N T es ta Gr e e k M oul ton s ’

r o ew m e nt ,

tr a n sl a ti on 1 8 7 7 p 3 7 6 w il l yi el d h i m pl a
, ,
.
,
in e x am ple s to th e c on
tr a r
y .

T h e re fe r en c e i s to th e p r op h e ci e s o f I s a iah Jer e m iah an d , ,

Z ech a ria h r e sp e c tin g th e BRANCH In th e m o s t s tr ik in g o f th e s e

.
,

IS x i 1
. An d th e r e s h a
,
ll c o m e fo r th ar od ou t Of th e s te m o f Je s s e
an d abr a n c h o u t o f h i s roo ts th e He br e w w o r d u s e d for br a
’
, n ch

i s N ET S ER a n d th e e va n e li c w r i te r s a i n th i s p rop h e c a n d th os e
, g w
y
 M att . 22 . 2 3, iii . 1 —7 .
33

+ 5 Ma -
. tt iii 1 -7 .
1 . An d [f
i i n th o s e d ay s 9] J o h n b e g an
of Je r em iah
an d Z e ch ar ia h ( th o ugh th ey u se a di ffe r e n t He br e w
w or d) afor e s h a d o w i n g o f th e r es id e n c e a t N AZ ARA o r l ook e d on ,

th e r e s i de n c e at Na za r aas ap r e d e s ti n e d c oi n c i de n c e w i th th e
p ro

p h e ci e s .

It i s ge n er ally h eld th at th e re i s ar e al etym olo g cal c on n ex on i i

b etw e e n N a za ra a n d n é ts er But , i f r e as on to th e c o n tr ary c a
. n be

s h o w n , th e foll o w in g w o r d s o f Fa rra r
( f f
L i e o C h r i s t,
64 —5 ) w ll i . i
st ill
h ol d goo d : T h e O ld T e s ta m e n t i s ful l of p ro ofs th at th e
—
He br e w s w h o i n ph lology ac c e p te d th e v e w s i i of l i
th e A n aog s ts
attach e d im m en s e an d m ys tical i m p ortan c e to m e r e r e s e m bl an ce s in
th e s o u n d o f w or d s . To m e n t i on bu t on e i l i
s ng e n st n ce, a th e fi rs t

a
ch pte r o f th e pr oph e t Mi cah tu rn s al m o st e n r e on s u ch m erely ti ly
e x te rn a l Si m ilar itie s i n w h at for lack o f a be tter te r m I c an o nly , ,

ca l l th e ph y s i ol ogi c al qu an ti ty o f s oun d s S t Matth e w aHebre w . .

,

o f th e He br e w s w o ul d w i th o u t a ,
n
y h e s i ta ti o n h a v e s e e n a p r o p h e t i c

fi tn e s s i n Ch r ist s r e s id e n c e at th i s to w n of Galile e be cau s e i ts

’
,

na m e r e ca lled th e ti tl e by w h i ch h e w as add re s s e d i n th e pr oph e cy

of I sa iah .
’

Bu t I a m i n cli n e d to go s till fa r th e r a nd a ckn ow l e d e i n th e

g
w or ds o f o ur te x t a s pe ci a l r e fe r e n c e al s o to Z e c h v i 1 2 T h e . . .

Gr e ek o f ou r te x t i s Na za r e n e sh a ll h e be c a lle d s in c e w e , o r at
le as t th e e van gelic w ri te r , h ave c on n ec te d N az araw ith n ets er le t us ‘
,

s ubs titute Br a n ch e r Bra n ch e r s h a ll h e be c alle d N ow c o m ’

.

pare w ith th is th e lite ral Hebrew o f Z ech vi 1 2 Bran c h [ s h all . .

be ] h i s n a Is th e p a ra lle l a c ci de n ta l
’
me .

It i s q u ite tr ue th a t i n Z e ch v i 1 2 th e w or d i s n o t n ets er bu t . .

ts em a ch B ut th e e v a
. n geli c w r ite r w oul d n ot th e l e s s h ol d th i s

pr oph e cy ful fi lle d by th e r es iden ce at N az ar a Hebr e w m or e ov er

n d th a
.
, ,

w a s ad e a d la n u a e e v e n th e n a t w r i te r i f h e k n e w He br e w
g g , ,

at a ll w a,
s d o ub tl e s s fa r m or e fa m i li ar w i th th e S c r ip t ur e s i n h i s

Ta ra a i c pa ra p h ra s e ) ; w h i ch T a a y l
r um
g ( A m r um
g ( u n fo r t u n te l os t
)
ma y h a v e u s e d th e s a m e w or d i n Is x i 1 a n d Z ech v i 12 j s t as
u . . . .
,

our Au th or i z e d Ver s i on h a s d one In th a t ca s e i f h e k n e w th a

. t th e ,

ori i n a l h ad n ets e r i n th e for m er pla c e , h e w o ul d n a t u ra l l a u m

g y s s e

i t to be th e w or d u s e d i n th e l a tte r a s w e ll .

T T h e te x t o u t s i d e t h e b r a c k e t s r ep r e s e n ts th e p a s s a e q u ote d b
g y
Epi ph a n ia s ( Ha XXX 1 3 ) Kai E fi r i tfw
a
’
er . . é
y ue r o d v v ng n v
,

a a d (Du m a Kai é fi a oa
'

2 Ef d t n riof l i 7r d 0 a
( )
'
K t flh fl o v u
p g r
p l m v
n v m ,
'

l epo m i> wlu a a fi

’
a el en m yg tv dv
’
cu d r t
’

( )
3 K i a
°

x w o I p p w
x b v K h r i
.
p ov

Ka i Z w nv depp ar i y nv w ept r m o c g
v tv av r o Kai T O Spinner aw ay —g
f v i ng i v

f i sh : dy pto r , ou i] y ev o t g'
r ov
p d ) :f a, mc ey x l
p g EV sh ale) . Th e c on

For n o te s e e n ex t p ag e.

D
34 Th e Gospel accor di ng to th e Hehr ew s .

b ap ti z in g ab ap ti s m of r e p e n tan ce i n th e
J or d a
n

2 .
TA n d th e re c am e out u n to h i m
Ph a
r is e es an d w er e b ap ti z ed an d all Jeru ,

s a
le m .

3 . a i m e n t of cam el s
An d J oh n h ad r
’

h air an d al e ath er n g ir dl e ab ou t h i s l oi n s ,

an d h i s fo od [ w a s] l ocu sts an d w i ld

je c tural i n s e r ti on s i n br acke ts ill b w e e x pl ain e d on e by o n e Epi .

h n i us a
a l s o gi v e s tw o oth er v i e r s on s o f ( ) (
I q u o te d a
b o v e pp 1 4
p ,
.
,

w id ly diff
e e r e n t, a
nd be ai g t
r n s r on g e v id e n c e of c o rr u ption .

1 I h av e a
l e ad y r e mr a r k e d ( p 1 5 ) th at th e C o py fr om w h i c h .

th e oth e E bi on i te v e r s i o n s w er e a
r lter e d s ee m s to h av e c on tain e d
th e w or d s i n th os e d a
‘
y s o f Mat t . iii . 1 .

So th e l on ge r E b on te v e r s i i i on s .
‘
Ba
pt sm i of re p e n tan ce
o c cu r s in Ma
rk i . 4 , L uk e iii . 3 , Ac ts x iii . 24, x ix . 4 But th e
s h o rte r r e adi n g i s m or e lik e ly to be th e tr u e o n e .

I Epi ph a
“”
n ius ( H a er x x x 1 5 ) c h. ar
g e s th e E b i o
. n i tes w i th
r ej e cti n a l l t h e pr oph e ts af t er J osh u a a nd w ith a lt e rin t h e
g g ,

bo o k c a ll e d Journ ey s of P e ter ( Heplo do c Hé rpo v ) s o a s to s u pp r e s s a ll

fa v o u ra bl e m e n tion o f th e m Ha d th eir Gosp e l o ri gin a
. lly S om e
p as s age an s w e ri n g to Matt iii 3 Mark i 3 L uk e i i i 4 an d d i d . .
, .
,
.
,

th ey for th e s a m e r ea s o n s u ppr es s i t

T h e Ebion i te Gos p el m a k e s n o m e n tion o f th e locus ts o f Ma tt .

iii 4 Epiph an i us s o cl e arly an d s o ofte n s ay s th at th e Ebi on i tes

. .

k e pt fr o m a n im a l food th at w e c an n o t r e fu s e to belie v e h i m He
'
.

ch a r e s th e m w i th i n tr o du c i n w o w o r d s i n to Fr 2 5 rr e s p on d
g g t ( c o .

i n g w i th Luk e x x ii 1 5 ) s o a .s to fi x on J e s us th e s a me a n ti a
p t h y to
it . He a l s o s ays th at, am on g oth e r tam p er in gs w ith th e book c all e d
J ou r n ey s O f Pe te r th ey r epr e s en te d Pe ter a k ee pin g fro m li v in g
’
, s

th in gs a n d m ea ts li k e th e m s e lv es a
,
ls o a n d fr o m e v e r
y o t h e r fo o d ,

ma d e fr o m fle s h S in c e Ebi on h i m s e l f a
,
ls o a n d Ebion i te s k e e p fr o m

th es e a ( Haer x x x 1 5 ep xl zzxw v r e T 0V aij dv c mexe aflai

’ ’ ’
l toge th e r
’ ’
. . r

g 7 77 9 a
,
-i
Ka i e é v ( Dc Kai in o Ka i n d ng i h k ng e dw dfi
’
n d o a z d w 7re
’ '
d r c c

, , p
n o zn é v ng h é y o v c w , i n s i dinr e Ka a -5 31 w u Ka i w i 7r a i r a
’ ' ’
p p i im g E [ i E C v r s i di g ,
'
x

7 0 13e d n é xo v r ai )
We h av e s een th at s om e at le ast of th e Ebion ite s tam p e r e d w ith
th i s v e ry fr a g m en t ( s ee a b o ve p a nd a l s o th a t, t h e a .b s e n c e of

th e q uo ta ti o n fr om I s a iah foun d i n th e Sy n op ti c s i s s us picio u s .

T h e r e i s th e r e for e s tr on g gro un d fo r c o nj e c turin g th a t th ey h a d

l ocus ts i n th e ir Gosp el an d de sign e dly s tr uck i t out But o f th i s
, .

i t i s n e v e r th el e s s qu ite i m po s s ibl e to be c erta in .

 M att i i i . . 1 -7 .
35

h on e y , w h ereof th e taste [I w as of th e
manna, llli k e a c ake [ m a d e ] w i th Oil

[ h o n ey

lde s t MS Ep i ph a ads f; for iiv

’
l Th e of n i u s , D in d or f s V ,
’
o . re
‘
w h e r e of th e tas te [ as
] w th at of ma
n na .
’
i
E th er r eadi n g m igh t
ari s e ( th r ough th e m e d iu m
3) out of th e o th e r but th e s i m pl e r
of 7 ,

h yp o th e si s i s th a t i; i s a i s ta
m f —
k e or fi s u ch m i s ta k e s be i n g fr e
qu e nt in th is M S I h av e th er e for th ou gh w i th s om e d ou bts plac e d
‘

.
, ,

i n th e te x t th e r e a di n g o f th e fo ur l a te r M S S .

fi l Cf th e LX X v e r s ion o f Nu m x i 8 w h e r e it i s s a i d of m an n a
—
. .
,
.

ica
'
i hr 15 7750 10 ) airf o il um e i y e ihua E y p
ic i g i f é h a
‘
i ov a n d t h e pl e as ur e ,

of i t w a s a s i t w e r e i n ta s te a c a k e [m a T h e He br e w
’
de ] o f oi l .

te xt i s u n c e r ta in an d th e Je r u s ale m T ar gu m an d s om e o th er an c ie n t
,

auth o ritie s gi v e ca k e s [m a d e ] of h o n e y N ow i t i s n oti c e a bl e th a t .

’

Epi ph a n ia s i n h i s re m a r k s on th e p a s sa q u o te d a bo v e p 1 3 )
g ( e , .

ac cu s e s th e Ebion ite s of s ubs titu tin g c ak e s [ m ade ] w ith h on ey

‘ ’

fo r th e l o c us ts o f th e c a n on i c al Go spel It i s tr u e th at h on ey d id .

e n te r i n to th e m a k in g o f th e p a r ti c ul a r k i n d of c a k e ca l le d ey rpi g ’

s till th e m e n tion o f i t d oe s n ot s e e m r e l e v a nt O n e i s s tr on gly .

te m p te d to th i n k th a t th e Ebio n ite M S S e x h i bi te d th e di ffer e n t .

re a di n gs of N u m x i 8 a n d th a .t Epi ph a
.
,
n i us ha l tin g be tw e en th e ,

t w o follo w e d on e r e a
,
di n g i n h i s te x t a nd a n o th e r i n h i s n o te T h is .

w oul d be q uite i n E i h a n i u s s lo os e w a : w e h a v a l a y
’
p p y e r e d s e e n

th a t h e gi ve s tw o w i d e ly di ffer e n t v e r s ion s o f v e rs e ( 1 ) o f th i s
fr a m en t a n d e v e n q u o te s o n e o f th o s e v e r s i o n s as e c on d ti m e w i th
g ,

fur th e r v a r ia ti on s — s e e m ingly w i th o u t k n o w in g w h a t h e i s d oi n g ,

at an y r ate w ith out an y e x plan a ti o n to h i s p u z z l e d r e a de r .

T h e c o m m o n e x pl a na ti o n of w il d h o n e y i s h o n ey m a
‘ ‘
de by
w il d b e e s Th e r e h a ve n o t h o w e v e r be e n w an ti n g th o s e w h o h av e
’

a
, ,
.

e x pl a in e d it s m ean in g th at e x udation from th e l e av e s o f tre e s an d

s h r ub s s o c om m o n i n O ri e n ta
,
l c oun tr ie s ( in clu din g th e Jor dan
va lle y) w h i ch i s gath e r e d an d u s e d as w e u s e b utte r or h on ey an d
, ,

w h ich i s ca ll e d by th e A r a ma nna s sa
‘
A pa
’
bs g e of D i o d o r u s .

S ic ul u s w h o w r o te a b ou t 8 B C s e e m s to giv e th e p r e ci s e n a me
a
.
, ,
.

h s a y p i ov
‘
w il d h o ne
, y t o th i s e x u da ti o n : w ri ti n
,
’
g o f t h e Na ba
ta ea n Ar a bs h e s a ys av r o : 36 xpw r r ai r pogty upe am Ka y ah axr i Kat
9 I I
t

a
,

f a
i r in r ng y ijg v p
(
'
e i/ w v T UIQ im rn d
'
ei m g
‘

g
'
bv e r ai y p ap aij r oi g r d
n
’

w é n epi ad “D
n r Oé r dpw r ai p é h i n a
, K
h ) Kah o izlu e r o v d y pi o r , xpdn r ai l

7
? p
mm fl ii darog
(ex ix
’ ‘
. 7 3 1) A n d th ey use fo r fo o d fl e s h an d m ilk ,

a
n d th e ro s on s a p vi i
ffor de d by w ha
t gr ow s fr o m th e e ar th for th e
p epp e r
g row s am on g th e m fr om th e tr e e s and ,
m u ch h on e y , th e
sam e th at i s calle d w ild h on ey w h ich th e y u s e ,
for ad rin k w ith
w a Her e , e ve n ‘
te r .
’
if w e r e n de r ( ph ST aL i s p r o d uc e d,
’
on e
ge ts a
n

D 2
3 6 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e He hr e w s .

1 A ‘beh ol d th e m oth er of th e
$
6 . Matt . iii .
.
[ nd 9
] T
(Naz a
rene
) t
I
1
Lor d an d h is br ethr e n s ai d to h im J oh n

i m pr e s s i dn th a
t a v e ge ta
bl e h on ey i s m e an t a n d th e fa c t th a t
D io dor us doe s n ot s p e ak of i t as m er ely w il d but th e s a‘
m e th a
, t
is c a
lle d w il d ,
’
te n ds to sh ow th at it w a s s om e th i n g qui te d iife r e n t

from or d n i ary w i ld h o n ey . T h i s i s th e v ie w a l so of We s s eling ,

D i o d or u s ’
s ed it or , w ho m or e o v er i den tifi es th e ‘
w i l d h on ey
’
of

Matth e w w i th th a
t of h i s auth or S ui da s (about 1 1 00 A D ) in h is
—
. . .

Le x i c on w r it es w i th ou t ay
n h e s i tati on “mtg . El do g Zq n ov
’
.

”
Hafli e d xpi dixg 6 Hpé dpoyuo c,
’
d y pi o u, (i m p ci m ) W dé v dpw v
’
m i p é ixi TJ
'
ém ay é p e r o v Mo wr a w ooa o e be r a Loc u s t A
'
r oi éh h mg
'
ov y n
g p y p i . .

k i nd of ti y
an i m a nl T h e Fore r un n e r al s o ate lo c us ts an d w ild
.

h o n ey w c , i s gahi h
th e r e d to ge th e r fro m th e tr e e s a n d i s c om m on l
y
ca lle d Man n a S o R el an d th e O rie ntali s t w rite s i n h is P alaes ti n a
’
,
.
,

Il lustr a ta i 5 9 ,
‘
Me l c op i o s um h i c pr ov en it p raete r i llu d q uod
.
, ,

apes elabor a nt i n s y lv i s e t m a ,
na t ex a rb o r ibu s — ‘
He r e h on e y ’
,

be s i des th a t w h i c h th e b ee s m a k e i s pr o du c e d i n l a r e qua
g n tity i n ,

th e w o o d s a an d q uote s to th a t e ffe c t D i o s
’
n d o oz e s fr om tr e e s ,

c o ri de s
( i 3 7 ) a n d
. P l i n y ( x v 7 x x iii 4 ) a s w e ll a s D i o d o ru .s p o
r ,
.
,

c e e d in
g t o i d e n ti fy w i th t h i s v e
g e ta b l e h o n e y t h a t e a t e n b y J oh n

th e Ba p ti s t .

T h e c on c urr en c e of th e Ebi o n i te Go s pel m a k e s i t p r oba bl e th a t

th i s i s th e tr u e v ie w S uppos e th e c r u ci a . l w o r d s i n th a t Go s p e l to b e
am e r e for ge ry of th e ve ry y e ar i n w h ich Ep i p h an i u s C opie d th e m a nd ,

th e y w o uld s till s h ow th e m ea n in u t u p on th e w or d s w il d h o n e y
gp
by n a ti v e s of Pa le s ti n e i n 3 7 6 A D T h e fa c t th a t th i s m e a nin
g i s. .

n ot th e obv i ou s on e i s o n l a n oth e r p oin t i n i ts fa v o u r : i t w o ul d

y
n ot h a v e b ee n u t f rw a r d e x c e pt o n ood r o u n d s w h e n th er e w a
p o g g s

s o m u c h s i m pl e r a n e x pl a na tion r e a dy to h a nd .

J e ro m e A dv P ela i i i E c ce m a t e r D o m i n i e t fr a tr e s e ius
g , . . .
,

d i c eba n t ei Ioa n n e s Ba ptis tabapti z at i n r e m i s s i on e m pe ccatorum

ea m u s e t ba z em ur a i x it a i p a v i
’
p t i b e o D u te m e i s Q u d ec
. c u t ,

va da m e t ba p ti z er ab e o ? n i s i forte h o c ip s u m q u o d dix i i gn or an ti a
A li k e a c c ou n t w a s c o n ta in e d i n aw ork e n ti tl e d th e Pr each in g
’
est .

o f Pa ul an d i s th us r efe r r e d to by th e au th or o f th e Tr actatu s
,

de R eba p tis ma te p r i n te d a m o n
g ,
C y p ri an s w o r k s ( Vene t 1 7 2 8
’
.
,

p 74 3 )
. Es t a u te m a d ulte r i n i h u i u s i m m o i n te r n ec i n i ba p t i s m a tis ,

s i q ui s a liu s au c tor tu m e tiam q ui dam ab ii s de m i ps i s h aer e ti c i s

,

p ropte r e un dem e rr or e m c on fictu s liber q ui i n s cri bi tur P au li P r ae

dica ti o i n q uo li br o c on tr ao m n e s S c r ip tur a
,
s e t de pe c ca to p r o pr i o
i n v e n i es C h ri s tum , q ui s ol u s o m ni n o n h l d e li qu i t, e t
c o n fl te n te m i i
ad ac c ipie n du m I oa nn s b a p ti s m ap ae n e n v tum am a tr e s u aMa i r a i i i
3
For n o t e s s ee n e x t page .
 3 8 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Heh r ew s .

h av e I s i nn e d th at I S h oul d go an d be
b ap ti z e d by h i m ? e x ce p t p e r c h an c e th i s
v ery th i n g th at I h av e s ai d i s i gn or an ce .
’

+ 7 Matt . . iii . 1 3 -1 7 . 1 [ An d .
1 w h e n th e p e opl e h ad b e e n

S oni of th e tran s ress

g i on s ,
’
C ol . i . 14 ‘
th e i i
r em s s on of th e s ns i
a
nd th e auth or of th e E pis tle to th e He br e w s w ce r e m i s s io n
t i
i x 22, . x . To r em it i s ns is aph r as e u s e d s e ve r a
l tim e s by
each Syn op tic a nd i n A cts , on c e i n J oh n ( x x 2 3 ) a n d tw i ce . in
1 J oh n ( i 9 ii .
, . bu t n ow h ere e se l i n th e N T . .

HCf Joh n . v iii . 4 6, Wh ich of

y ou c on v i c te th m e in r es p e ct of

sin

O n th e th e ol ogy Me a n w h il e a
of s th i p a ag
s ss e se e Pa
rt III .
,

o ffe rin at l ea st a pa r ti al ana l o gy to th e s u

gg e s tion o f a li m ite d
g
k n o w l e d ge on th e p a r t o f Je s u s w e m a c o m p a r e Luk e ii 5 2 A nd
y ,
.
,

Je s u s in c r e as e d i n WIS D OM a n d i n s ta an d Ma r k x iii 3 2
’
tur e But , .
,

o f th a t da a n d th a t h o ur k n o w e th no m a n no n o t th e a n el s
y g , ,

w h ic h a re i n h ea v en NEITHER I HE S ON bu t th e Fath er r
‘ ’

ra n oh h a
.
, ,

a Ha
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i u s e r x x x 1 3 K ai p a 7 6 f i n el y
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,

i
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o ?) Mi ni} i In o oiz g Ka i tfi a n ria fl n in” ) m i)
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Im m / o v a ( )
2 Ka i ( iJ Q d v fi ixt l e v il 77 6 7 0 17 iida r o g ri i o i no a
y v o i ot a
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a
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ci de r T O 7 rr e i7 u a T O { t h a t n s zo r e a Ka r eh flo ij a n Ka i l as h eo h o ng
l y i ov
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e lg a
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s un / 77
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y y C o d ex V ] 6 1: r ov i
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n nr o g
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y
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By m o ryp s po u y ey e v y nh a as ( ) a v flv c n e i é k a be r i m
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4
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p pr
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CV ) z8m 6 Trudi / V 779 ixé y e i at r gi Eli r i g t i ,

' ' t‘
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( e dd
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p 563
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abr o r , O ijr é g é ar w 6 v ié g y ou 6 d y au nr o g, E p e t dé icnc a a
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a
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“mi r e i 6
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y w v A i
g ,ng 5 7 1 o ii r w g t o r i
a
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,

w é r o v n h n w flijr a
p r
p i r wT a A n d a ft e r s a y gn a g o o d m
/
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t w h en th e p eople & c ( )
6 A nd
“
th e n
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y s
“
J oh n

d e w ill s e e th a
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fell dow n &c Th e rea t th e p assa e p r oba bly b e a n
. r
g g
w ith th e c o n u n c t onj i an d or n ow ; h e w ill al s o s e e I th in k th a t at
th e be gin n n g o f i
6 th e c on u n ct on m ay b e l on
g e th e r to i t s a s
v .
y j i i
o r to th en J o h n ; or th at i t w ou d e e n be os s bl e to d de th u s l p i
v ivi
An d
’
( th e n i t s a
ys ) J oh n .
’
Hilge n fe l d pr in ts v . 6 w ith th e c on

ju n c t on i an d
a n
y v . 1 w i th ou t .

T h e w or ds a fte r s a i
y g n a goo d m a n y th in s
g
”
S h ow th a t th e r e

w as ac on s i d e r a bl e in te r v a l be tw e e n th i s an d th e las t fragm en t but

on e T h e c or r e s p on di n g i n te r v a
. l i n Matth e w i s giv en to a sp e e ch
by J oh n a n d th e Ebi on i te Go s p e l m a a l s o ha v e c on ta i n e d th e la t
, y s

frag m e nt
( Naz a r en e
)
—
.

iii fia va
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C n r w flfi t {brat Ta
I f L uk e ( 2
. 1 ) o n ly E y é r er o 51 7 3
3 .
/ /
 M att i ii . . I3 I7 .
39

b ap tiz e d Je s u s al s o c am e an d w as b ap ti z e d
by Joh n .

a h n t up th e h e a
An d v
§ s2 e.w e e n s

w er e O p e n e d a nd h e sa w th e Holy S p i r i t ,

i n shap e of adov e de s ce n din g an d il e n ter

in g i nto h i m .

7 0V Mui r K ai Inaoi3 San n o flé v r og,

’
literally ‘
An d i t c a
me to pas s w h e n
a
ll th ep e ople h ad be e n bap tiz e d Je s us als o h avi ng been ,
bapti e d z .
’

T h i s v e s e i s fa r n ea r e r to Ma
r tt th a n to th e o th er a c c o un ts .
,

w ith o n e v e r y n oti ce a bl e e c ep ti on in Sh a p e of adove of Luke

‘
x ,
.

iii 22 in abo di ly s h ap e lik e adove Hilgen fe ld quote s Ire n aeu s

.
‘
,
.
’

( Co p i e d a l s o b
y H i pp ol y tu s ) E i
p p h a n i us a n d Th e od o r e t a ll ,
o f , ,

w h om s a th at K e ri n th u s a n d h i s s e c t h e l d th a t th e S pi i t d e
y r

s c e n d e d i n to h i m i n s h a pe of a dov e We k n o w th at th e K e i n .
’
r

th i a n s u s e d Ma tth e w if n o t th e Gos p el a c cor d in g to th e He b e w s

,
r .

fl] Pr of We s tc ott ( In tr odu cti on 4 67 ) e n d e s w h i ch c a

‘
. m e d ow n ,
r r

an d cam e up on h i m Bu t e n te in g in to h i m i s th e n a tu a l an d
’
. r r

a lm os t n e c e s s ay en de rin g O f i h tl i ng i c ai ; i n th e N T
r r e oe
‘
o jo s
'
t roy . .

fo r i n s ta n c e th e r e i s n ot aS in le pa
g s s a e i n w h i ch
g l g i s u s e d m e re ly e

o f m o ti on to ap er s o n .

In Ma tt iii 1 6 I) a . n d Eus e bi u s r e a
. d i pxé p i g aiai - c om in
g s v or f r ( v,

in to h i m in ste ad of £ ai é u c om in g upo n h i m w h ile C E

’
,
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r , ,
’

an d s om e c ur s iv e s h a v e pec to w h i ch poin ts to 29 as th e origin al s

’
,
5

r ea di n g In Mak 1 10 B D 1 3 69 a
. r n d afe w o th e s
.
( follo w e d b
y . . r

T i s ch e n d or f, an d Alfor d ) r e ad f i g A n d i n Lu k e i i i 2 2 D ,
T r e ge l le s , . .

th e O l d La ti n th e r e vi s e d L a ,
ti n a n d th e V ul a
g te a l l h a v e th e s a m
,
e .

T o m y m in d th i s v e r s ion of th e d e s c e n t o f th e Holy S pirit i s

th e m u c h m or e in te lli gibl e o n e No e va n e li s t s a
g y s t h a t t h e . d o ve

flew a w a
y an d J oh n, ( 1 3 2 ) t e ll s u s p o s i ti v e ly . t h a t i t a b o d e

t
( h en a /
v r em a
,
i n ed
”
) u p on h i m p o i n tin
g t o t h e S p i rit
‘
a s n ot ,
’

r e m ov in fr om J e s us
( A l for d
) It w o ul d t h u s b e m e a t l e a s t
g c o .
,

in a p a
ra n th i s w a th e s u p er n a ur a ch a
p e n c e fu s e d i n h i m ,
I y t
. l
ra c te r o f th e d ov e w oul d be m a n i fe s t but if on th e o th e r h a n d th e

do v e fl e w a w a y th er e w ould be n o e viden c e of i ts be in g m or e th an a
m e re d o ve Th a t L uk e S p e a
. k s o f th e S p ir i t a s d e s c e n di n
g i n bodi l
y
s h a e o f ado v e d o e s n o t i n th e l e a s t m i l i ta t e aa
g i n s t s u ch a n ex
p
plan ati on of th e e van gelic tr adi tion bo dily s h ap e does n ot n e ces s i
ta te bo dily s ubs ta n ce .

Th e v a r i ou s M S rea din gs yi e l d s tr on g r e a
. s on to be li e v e th a t
‘
in to w as th e origin al r eadi n g i n Matth e w an d i n Luk e w e fin d ,

2n d ce n t a r i t— o lder th a n a u p on h
u th ori t
.
y fo n
y f o r
( i n t e

p arallel p ass age of Mark th is au th ori ty i s on th e oth er side ) But .

,
40 7 726 Gosp e l accor di ng to f/ze H e é rew s .

av oi c e out o f th e h e av e n s a
3 . An d y ,

i n g T hou a
‘
b l v h I
'

, rt m
y e o e d S on i n t e e ,

w e ll pl e as ed an d ag ai n I ha v e th i s ,

da b g n th e e
’
y e ott e .

4 A n d s tra .i ghtw ay Ta g re at l i ght

al th ough Eu s ebius an d Je rom e ( i n th e Vulgate of Luke ) adop t th i s

rea di n g w ith out s u s pic ion i t w as dan e r ou s ly c on v e n i e n t for th o s e
g ,

w ho ma in tain ed th at th e divin e C h ri st en te re d i n to th e m an Je s u s
at ba p tis m : h e n c e i t w ould be glos s e d an d th e glos s w ould pas s ,

in to th e tex t or th e piou s c opy is t fe ar ful o f s ow i n g e rr or m i gh t

, , ,

e v e n th i n k i t allow able to av oid th at dan ger by ch an gin g a pr e

p os i ti on .

In s tead of
‘
T h ou ar t
S on ; i n th ee I a m w ellm y be l ov e d
pl eas e d ’
in Luk e 2 2, T h ou a
‘
iii
rt m
y S
. on ; I h a v e th s day be i
g o tte n th e e is read by D , th e O l d L at n , Cl e m e n t of A l ex an dr a,
i i
M e th o di us La cta n ti u s Ju v e n c u s
,
Hilary Fau s tu s th e Man i c h ae a
, n , ,

q A s tin e C on tra Fa li b an d on c e by
( u o t e d b y u g u u st ,
. .

A ugu s ti n e w i th out r em a rk
( E n chi r a d L a u r en t c w h o e l se . . .

w h e r e ( D e C on s en s u E v a n
g li b ii 0 s ays th at i t w as foun d i n . . . .

s om e M S S bu t w a .s sa
,
id n ot to be i n th e ol der Gr e e k c opies .

J u s tin a l s o i n h i s ac c ou n ts o f th e Baptis m tw i ce give s th e s e as th e

w or d s s p ok e n by th e v oi c e ( D i a l c c 8 8 1 03 ) th e s e c on d o f th e s e . .
,

r e fe r e n c e s d oe s n o t p r o v e th a t h e to ok th e m fr o m a Go s p e l bu t
—Kai a
,

s tr o n g ly im plie s it z y p d
u ro g 6 dt d fik o og dy a 7 53 d v aflfiya z

a -
”

fi aim é; Aexfle cang Yi o g

’
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aur a
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For th s d e vi l a t th e s am e t m e th at he i , i
[ i . e . J es u s ] w en t up fr o m th e r iv er J or d a
n, afte r th e v oi c e w as
u tte r e d to h i m I h av e th is Th ou a
rt m
y S on day b e
go tte n th ee

i s e co d e d i n th e m e m o s o f th e Ap o s tl e s t o
r r ir hav e c o m e to h i m
a n d te m te d h i m s o fa
p r as to s a to h i m
y W o s h i p r me .
”

Ma tt iii 1 7 D th e C u r e ton i a
In . n S r ia
.
y c A u g u s ti n e,an d th e , ,

O l d Latin M S a ( C o de x V e r c el le n s i s ) r e ad T h ou a
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’
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.

T In Ma tt iii 1 5 th e O ld La
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. . .
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adds An d as be in g ba
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w

ab ou t fr o m th e w a te r s o th a t a ll th ey w e r e a fr a
, id th at h ad c om e
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l
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n o , .

sa m e v e r si o n h a A n d w h en J e s us w a s b e in i
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g re at
l igh t k ept sh in in g from th e w ater s o th at all th ey w e re afrai d th at ,

ha d c om e th ith e r T h e La ti n te x ts a re — Et c um ba za
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l
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If tra te d fr om al os t Gr e e k te x t th a
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i flan n fo u e v ov ain 0 17 ( g 7 0 17 In0 0 17 — O r i v 85

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c e n t ) i s c o un te d th e m o s t v a
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X pw r o i} flp u 7v An d th en w h en J e s u s h a d c om e to th e J or da n r er iv
Wh e r e J o h n as bapti z in g w h e n J e s u s h ad gon e dow n to th e w a
w ,
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a a
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a l s o for th e s ta te m e n t th a t afi re w a s k in dle d .
’

It w ill be s e e n fr o m an ote o n p 3 6 th a t th e Pr ea ch i n
g f o P a ul .

r e la te d th a t w h en h e w a s ba p t i z ed fi re w a s s e e n u p on th e w a t er ,

a za p a q a v i
( c u m b p ti r e tu r i g n e m s u e r ,
u m e s s e s u m ) .

T h e fir e i s m e n ti o n e d i n th e 7 th S ibyllin e bo ok 1 8 3 : 53am ,
.

d y y oi g T ai wa
'
'

n) 0 0V B n a/ 1 a 51
i ar
’
01
7
7rv
p
‘
og t ad y flng
Efeg w i th h oly
w a te r s s prin k l i n g th y ba ti s m —th r ou h w h i ch [ or w h om ] th o u
p g
w a st m a n i fe s te d ou t o f fi
’
re .

T h e re ca n be li ttl e d o ub t th a t Ju v e n c us a llu de s to i t i n h i s
accou n t m a n i fes taD e i ra e s e n ti ac l a p ’
ret t h e re s e n c e o f Go d i s
, p ,

ma n ife s t i n s pl e n d o u r w h ile th e S r ia c li tu r y o f S e v e r u s ( e a r ly
’
y , g
6th c e n t ) s a y s With o ut fir e an d w ith out w ood did th e w ater s
.
‘
, ,

g l o w w h e n th e S on o f G o d c am e t o b e b a p ti z e d i n J or da n
’

T h e w r ite r o f S up ern a tura l R eli gi on (4 th e d i 3 2 3 ) s a y s . .

Cr e d n er h a s p oi n te d o u t th a t th e m a rk e d u s e w h ic h w a s ma de o f
fir e or li gh ts at Ba ptis m by th e Ch u r ch dur in g e arly ti m e s
pr obably r os e out of th i s tr adition r egar din g th e fir e w h ich
a ppe ar e d i n Jor dan at th e bap tis m of J e s us It m i gh t h ow .
’
,

e ve r ha v e be en s ugge s te d by Matt iii 1 1 h e sh all bap ti z e y o u

‘

re —
, . .
,

w ith th e Holy S piri t a d w i th fi w h ich c on s i de r ati on p re

n
v en ts m e fr om claim in g in ill us tr ation th e p as s age quo te d by
Hi lge n fel d from Eus ebiu s ( D 6 P a s ch C iidar o g Kai n v pog . .

'
A y 10 v Il a
’
5 17 1 7 0 9 d r a e r v nflé w e g
1
/
y
11 h a v i n
g b e e n r e g e n era t
,
e d th r ou g h
w a te r a nd fi r e of th e Holy Sp ir it O r si n c e ba pti s m w as calle d i n
’
,
.
4 2 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hetr cw s .

s a
w it h e s aith u n to h im Wh o art thou ,
‘
[ L or d 9
5 . And ag ain a v oi ce o ut o f h e av e n
u n to h i m T h i s i s m y b el ov e d S on i n
, ,

w h om I a m w e ll pl e a
’
sed .

6 T h e n Joh n fe ll d ow n b e for e h i m a
. nd

sa i d I p ray the e Lord b ap ti z e th o u m e ’

.
, ,

7 Bu t h e p r e v e n te d h i m s a
. y in g Le t ,

b e ; for thu s i t i s b e com i n g th at all th i n g s

s h o ul d be fulfill e d
’
.

e ar ly d a ys ¢ l Up 6g illum in ation w e m i gh t re gar d th e u s e of ligh ts

,
‘
,
’

as sy m boli cal of Sp iritu a l e n ligh te n m e n t T h e late Mr Mar r iott . .

,

h ow e v e r i n S m i th a n d C h e e th a m s D i c ti on a r i s ti a
’
, ,
r
y f o C h n A n

ti qu i ti es s h o w s from Cy r il o f Je r u s a
,
l em th a t i n 3 4 7 A D ba p ti s m . .

to o k pl a ce a t n i gh t a nd s i n c e th e r e i s n oth in g to s h o w
, ,
th a t
thi s w a s n ot th e prac tic e s till e arli er v e ry r eas on ably belie ve s ,

th e or i gi n a l use of ligh ts to h av e been fr e e from an y sym boli cal

m ea n in
g .

Is i t p o s sible th a t a r efe r en ce to th i s tra di tion lurk s i n 1 Pe t .

iv 1 4 for th e s pirit of glory an d of God r e s teth up on y ou

.
‘
,

n ) 7 57g 565179 Ka i n ) 7 0 17 9 8 0 17 n v s fi a a va n a zs v at P T h e ph r a
,

p £ 3
9 l b d e d i se
' '

d v an aij e afi ‘
to r e s t ( i e ta k e r e s t) u p on a p er s on i s
’
m ém m m
’

,
. .
,

fo un d n ow h e r e e l s e i n th e N T bu t i n th e fr a m e n t w h i ch i m
g . .
,

m e di a te ly foll ow s th i s w e a r e tol d th a t a v oi ce c a m e fr o m h e a v en
at th e Ba ptis m sayi n g My s on i n all th e p r oph ets did I aw ait
‘
,
-

th e e th a t th o u m i gh te s t c om e a n d I m i h t r e s t i n th e e —r e ui es c er e m
, g g
in te Ca n th e S pi r it o f Gl ory m ea
. n th e S pir i t o f th e S h e c h i n a h
o r v i s i bl e l ory o f Go d ? T h e p r e v i ou s v e r s e c o n fi r m s th e i d ea
g
th a t ar e fe r e n c e to s o m e e v e n t i n th e life of J e su s m a y b e i n te n de d
- >o\ a a ati o r a
K t i/ 01 m in 7 0 7g 7
7 01 Xp10 7 0 17 '
n afifip aaw u er e
x p
c
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75 V 7 5
1 d rro xah inl
/ et T ng 5.5 a d
-
in 0 17 xap fi
re d y ah h i é p e v o z, bu t ac c or d n
g
‘
i
as y e sh a
re i n th e i
s u ff e r n gs of th e i
C h r s t r e o ce th a t ye m a
y j i
r e o ce j i
w i th p i d v e lation al s o of h i s glory
r e i n th e I d o n ot p e ss s
re .
’
r th i ,

b ut i t d oe s n ot s e em to m e i m p os s i bl e sh a
w e ll h e eafter fin d a : r

r e fe r e n ce b
y Pau l to at a d i ti on o f w h i ch
e c e p t i n th e Gos p e l r x

acco din g to th e He bre w s n o o th e tr ac e h as bee n p e s e v e d

r r r r .

T h e v e y qu e s ti on ( T i g i K tpr ask e d by Paul i n e s p o n s e s ,

ie r

to th e h e a v en ly v oice Acts i 5 x x 8 x vi 1 5 In h i s cas e ,

x .
,
11 .
,
x . .

als o th er e w as m u c h ligh t ( cog i a é u x x ii 6) f sh in in g aoun d

‘
x r
,
. r

h i m ( p h dp yl a l x x vi
ne t Is th e p aa
/ ll e l a
v c ci de n ta
i e, l ? But i t
. r

m u s t be n ote d th at C od ex V e n e tus om it s Lor d .

’
 M att . 13 —1 7 an a ena i n ’ ’
,
.
5 .
43
‘
r8 . Matt . iii . at end . 1 . An d i t c a
me to p ass , w hen th e L or d
had c om e up from th e ,
w ater ,
th e en t re i
fou n tai n Holy S pir it d e s c en de d an d
of th e
t d p h i m a nd sa i d to h im
i r e s e u on

2 My s on i n a
. ll th e p r oph e ts di d I ,

aw ait th e e th a t th o u m i gh te s t c o m e a
,
nd I

m i ght r e s t i n th ee ;
3 . For th ou a
rt my r e st th ou a
rt m
y
S on th a H i g n e s t for e v e r
’
fi rs tb orn t re .

tt i v -to P Je r u s a
‘
l
1T9 . Ma . . 5 .
in j em .

Luk e i v 9 . .

Naza
( ren e

a Fa st a
j J e r o m e
“
, C om m i n Is i x i 2, ( 1
) c tu m e ute m , q u um
. . .

i
as c en di s s e t D om n u s d e aq u a, d e s ce n d t fon s om n i s Sp ri tu s S an c t i i i
e t r e q u i e v i t s u p e r e um e t d x t ll ( 2 )
‘
F l m i , i n om n bu s p r Oph e ti s i i i i ii i
e x e c ta
p b a m t e ,
u t v e i
n r e s e t r e q u i e s c e r e m i n te ; ( 3 ) T u e s e n m i
re
q uies m e a; tu es fili u s m e u s pr i m ogen i tu s q u i re
g n a
s in s em p i te r

’
n um .

1 Is x 1 2, . . An d th e Sp i itr of all r e s t up on h im
th e LORD sh ,
’

i . e . th e br an ch of Jess e . I ha v e alre ady qu ote d ap ar alle l i n 1 Pe t .

iv . 14 .
‘
R e s te d p on
u h im i s th e r e a n S yr i a
di n g of th e Cu r e ton i a c

in Ma
tt . iii . 16 .

S ee n o te on Fr 3 0 . .

l] Th e o n ly p as s age i n th e G o s p e l s i n w h i ch Je s us is S p oke n of

as r ei n i n
g g i s L uk e 3 3 ,
h e s h all r ei n
g i . o ve r th e h ous e of Jacob

ve an d ki o m th e r e s h a l ’
for e r, of h is gdn l b e n o en d .

fll T i s ch en d or f s C od A , m a n , T 1) Io v da i i xer Ei g T fi
’
0
’
f 7
°

r.
g m y V 0 1 1:

dy i av n ok i v,
’
600C é V ‘
( Ar m T h e Jew i sh h as n ot
“
nto th e h ol c t
y
”
i y i
bu t “
i n Je ru s ale m Hilge n fe l d afte r h i s m an n e r r u sh e s
.
”
On w h i ch , ,

to th e c on c l u s i on th a t Je s u s i s n o t m ir a
‘
c ul o u s ly c on v ey e d o u t of

t h e d e s er t i n to th e h oly c i ty a s th e c a n on i c al Matth e w h as r ep or te d , ,

but i s pl a ced a le m o n th e s um m it of th e tem ple Ac cor d

t Je r u s a .
’

i n g th en to Hi lge n fe l d th e Go s p e l a c c or din to th e He br e w s e i th e r
, , g
ma d e Je r u s a l em in s te ad of th e de s er t th e gen er al s ce n e of th e
, ,

te m p ta ti on or e l s e div i d e d th e te m p ta ti on in to tw o—on e o c c u r r i n
, g
i n th e d e s e r t a n d th e o th er du r i n s om e a ft e r v i s i t o f J e s u s to
g ,

Je r u s ale m T h er e i s h ow e v e r n o n e e d to dr aw th i s s tar tli n g

.
, ,

c on clu s io n fr o m as i n gl e p r e p o s i ti on w h o s e c on te x t i s l o s t In th e .

fi r s t place for augh t w e k n o w i n Jer u s ale m m ay h av e follow e d

,
‘
,

o n ap i n n a c l e o f th e t e m pl e S e c on dly r e fe r e n c e to a
’
th e w or d s .
,

Gr e e k l e xi c on o r to Bru d er s Con cor da n ce w ould ha ve sh o w n ’

n u m er ou s i n s ta w ith v e rbs c on v e yi n a
‘
n c es of th e u s e o f E in n
v
g
44 Gosp e l accor di n
g to th e H ebr ew s .

accor di n g to th e He
'

In th e Gosp el
br ew s h e i s s et olow n am on g th e gr eates t
cr i m i nals w ho hath gr i ev ed th e sp i r i t o
f his
Tbr oth er .

Ma tt v 2 4 . . . An d be y e n e v e r j oy fu l s a v e w h en y e
( Nazar ene )
h av e l ook e d up on y ou r b r oth er i n ch ari ty .

§ 12 Matt
. . vi . 11 .

[ O u r b r e ad 9] ‘
of th e m orr ow [ g i v e us
Luk e xi
to-da
'
3
y ]
p
. .

id e a of m ot ld look for 2g in to T h irdly i n

i on w h er e w e s h ou 5
‘
.
’
,

J e r om e s Gr e ek v er s ion o f th e Gos p el f om w h i ch w e m a su pp os e
’

y ,
r

th e q uota ti on s to c om e th e a n in
c co m p a
y g v e b ma
y h a v e be e n ,
r

ra a Oé m
r n
‘
to s e t d o w n
r o r s om e o th e
, v e rb w h ich m igh t be ,
’
r

na tura lly follow ed by i n ’

.

J e ro m e Com m i n E z ech x v iii 7 In Eva

,
n eli o q u o d i u ta
g . . .
,
x

Hebrae os Naa raei lege re c on su e v e un t in ter m a im a p on i tur

z r x

cr im i a q u i
n fr atri s su i S p i r i tu m c o n tr i s t v e ri t a . Hi lge n fel d r efe r s

th i s a d th n e n ex t fragm e n t to Ma
tt . x v iii . 7, w h i c h m us t be a
l i al
c er c e rr or for Matt . x viii . 1 6, 1 7 or th e r e a
b ou ts . Th at p as s age ,

h owv e r e fe s to th e s in s of abroth e again s t on es elf

e r, r r ,
w h er e as th e

paalle l i n Matt v 22 i s v e y r e m ak able

r . . r r .

1 Ma
”
tth e w u s es br oth er
’
i n th i s s en s e i
1 5 t m e s , Lu k e i
6 t m es ,
J oh n t w ic e , Mark ne v er . In A c ts a
nd m os t of th e E pis tle s it is
v er y c om m on in de ed .

i J e r om e , i n Ep h es v 4 , U t i n He br ac o qu o qu e
Com m . . . i
Ev a g g i
n e l o l e i m u s D om n u m ad di s c i p u l o s l o q u e n te m :
‘
Et n un i
qu am , i n q ui t, lae t s i ti s n s qu am fr atr em v es tr um v i der iti s i n
’ ‘
i ii
cari tate .
’
If tham e a i
n y w h e r e e ls e i t m i h t p os s ibly
s fragm en t
g c

be i n Ma tt x be tw e en v v 1 4 a
. viii
nd 15 . . .

Je r om e Com m i n Ma tt v i 1 1 In Ev a
,
n el io q u o d a e l l a
g .
pp t ur . .
,

s e cu n du m He br a s u er s u bs ta n ti a a r ep e r i Ma a
‘
e os p ro
p li p ne h r ,

—
q uod di ci tur cr as ti n u m u t s i t s e n s u s Pan e m n os tru m cr as ti n um
‘
,
’

i d e s t futur um
,
d an obi s h o die In th e Go sp e l w h ic h i s c a
,
l le d
ac cor din g to th e Hebr e w s in s tead of s up ers ubs tan ti al br e ad I
”

foun d “
Mah a r
”
th a t i s to s a y
“
o
f th e ma,
r r ow
”
m a k i n
g t h e s e n s e , ,

“
O ur br e a d of th e m orr ow
”
th at i s of th e fu tur e “
g i v e u s , , ,
”
to -da y .

A fter th e e x h au s ti v e e x c u r s u s o f Bi s h op Li gh tfo ot ( On afr es h

Rev i si on A pp 1 1 9 5 —
,
23 4 ) th e r e o u gh t n o l on ger to be a
. . n
y d o ubt

th a
’
t e m otm o v ( A V ‘
da ily i s an adj e c tive form e d fr om ( 13)
. .

E m oii aa ( th e ) foll o w i n
g
‘
t h e i n orr O W .
’
4 6 T h e Gosp el accor di n g to th e H e br e w s .

*
15 . Matt . x 11 . 10 . as am as on se ek i n g s u s ten an ce by
Iw ,
“ m y ha n d s : I b e s e e c h th e e J e s u s th a
it? t th o u
1 1}
, ,

r es tor e m e h e a lth that I m ay n ot s h am e

11 6 V I.

(Naz aren e )
,

fully be g for fo od .

Ma tt x 11 4 7 . .
-
50 . 1 .
‘
Be h ol d th y m oth e r an d th y
Ma
f k ii i 3 2 5 ‘

bre thr e n s tan d w i th ou t

’
1 .

L uk e V 1 11 . 2 0, 2 1 .

( Ebioni te )

"

l 1 Of J oh n
‘ ”
. xvn .
‘
6, th e m en w h i
th ou ga e s t m e ou t o f th e ch v
w or ld ,
th i ne th e y w ere , a
n d th ou gav e s t th e m m e , a
’
n d i b 9, . I
p r ay n ot for th e w or ld ,
but for th e m w h i ch th o u h ast
g i v en me .
’

J e r o m e , Com m . in M att . x i i 1 3 , In
. Ev an el
g i o
q uo u tun tu r

Naza
ren i et Ebi o n i tae h om o i s te
q u i a
r idam habe t m an um

c a
e m e n ta
r iu s s cr i bi tur , i s tiu s m o d i v oc i bu s aux ili u m p rec an s ,
‘
Cae

m e n tar iu s am m a n i bu s v i c tu m u a r i ta r e c or te Ie s u u t m ih i
er q e ,
ns :
p , ,

r es ti tu e s s a n i ta te m n e tur pi te r m e n di c e m c i bos ,
In th e Gos p e l
w h ic h th e N a za r en e s a n d Ebi o n i te s u s e th a t ma n w ho ha s

th e dry h a n d i s d e s c r ib e d a s am a s o n be s e e c h i n h e lp i n w or ds of
g ,

th i s s or t I w as ,

l
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.

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n arpé g no 1) An d a g a n th e
y [ et h i
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t he w as ma
n , fo r s o o th fr o m th e w or d w h i ch

th e S av i ou r s p ok e ( w h en m es s age w as br o ugh t h im Beh ol d th y

m oth e r a
nd th y br e th r e n st nd w a i th out
“
Wh o i s &c .
”

C o de x V r e ads i n 3
( ) m y br e th r e n an d m o th er an d br e th r e n
i d oc e — n o o i) , an d th i te x t Hi lge n fe ld p in ts p uttin g a
( m k d s r ,

c om ma after
l ufrr n
p b ut H e d o e s n ot
n on e be fo r e 0 2 7 v 7 s g.
7 r0 1 0 1
'

v ou ch s afe th e s li j us tifi cati on o f th is s plen di d au dac ity bu t

gh test ,

I s upp o s e h e c on s tru e s an d br eth r e n [ are ] th ey th at d o th e w i s h e s

o f m y Fa th er I am s tr o n gly p r ep o s s e s s e d i n fav o ur o f th e M S
.
’
.

w h i ch ha s r e v ea e di
a
l e d to u s t h t ( 1170 6 t f r ( in a
- r in
e r u e r n
g 1 o
p
Haer x x x 6 to s a — n o th i n
g o f i ts s up e r i o r an ti q u i ty t o th th e r
.
y . e o

M S S — but I r e a .
l ly c a n n ot a c ce pt th i s K ai 61 55 1 3110 2 s ta n d s e i th e r .

fo r m i o f 61 85 1 3 0 1 a n d b r e th r e n ac ci den tally r ep e ate d or for m 2 ’

,

ai d de k pai a n d s i s te r s ( c f M a r k iii . .

de s i r i n g to s p e a k w i th th ee of Ma tt i s om itte d
’
In ( 1 ) th e .
,

b ut th e r e i s n o o th er d i ffer e n c e Fr o m Luk e ( viii 2 0) th e r e i s a . .

littl e m or e diffe r en c e an d fr om Mark ( iii 3 2) m u ch m or e ,

. .
 M att . x ii . 10 ,
—
47 50 ,
c m . 2 4 .
47

2 .
‘
Wh o i s m y m oth er a
nd bre
‘
th r en P
3 . An d h e s tr e tc h ed ou t h is ha
n d o ve r

th e d i s cipl e s an d s ai d , T he s e a
re m y br e
th r e n an d m othe r , th a
t do th e i w i she s of

my Fath e r
’
.

tt
Ma I as n ot s en t but u n to th e l os t s h e e p
‘

§ 17 . . xv. 24 .
w

of th e h ou s e of I s rael .

‘
Matt h a h o i s m y m o th er ( 17 y nr np y ou) an d w h o
’
In ( )
2 s . w

ar e my br e th r e n ? Luk e o m ts th e c la us e a l toge th er i . Ma rk

ha s Wh o i s m y m oth e r (3 1
y r17
’

np y o u ) a
nd m y bre th r e n w h i ch

is ne a
rer .

In ( )
3 Matt di fl e r s .
'
id ly
w e Beh ol d m y m oth er and m
y b r e th r e n

fo r w h o s o e v er d o e th th i e w sh ( 7 0 Gé An a
y ) o f m y Fa th e r w h ch i
i s i n h eav e n , th e i s m y br o th e r a n d s s te r a am e
n d m oth er
s —n ot i
to d w e ll o n th e s l gh t d ffe r e n c e s b etw e e n i
th e d s c pl e s an d h i s i i i
i i
d s c pl e s , tqma
’ ’
n d 5 177 5 1 , w h c h m gh t b e d u e to E i h a
p p n ius Mark
1
i i .

d iffe r s m u ch m or e , bu t for ‘
th e w i sh
’
( 7 0 flé k ny a) B re ads ‘
th e
w ih
s es
’
( 7 aG h fiy a a)
e r . Lu k e has
‘
My m oth er an d m y br e th r en
ar e th e s e , th at h ea
r a
nd do th e w o r d of Go d ( M fi
rn
p y ou m i d beh g
fioi

f T 0V Adj/ o r d r o bm ai n o ro i ) an d
7
le w 7 9 5 0 17
’
d oe s
’

ou 0 1 7 0 1 s o 7 01 r sg K wr e g
y ,

n ot re p re s e n t J e s us as p o i n tin g to an y on e .

In th eall e d 2 n d Ep i s tl e o f C l e m e n t w e a
s o-c r e tol d
( i x 1 1) , .

th at th e Lor d s a id ( f i n e r 6 Kbpco g) My br e th r en are th e s e th at

’
,

d o th e Wi s h o f m y Fa C M y -
'
B e ta
7
th e r A E boi o i n o co iz r r e g
'
ou 0 1 7 01 w

ak ny a 7 0 17 n ar pog y ou) Th i s i s fa r n ea r er to th e E bi on i te
’
7 0 B .

Gos p el .

1 C f A c ts . xi ii . 22 (
‘
my w i sh es an d Eph . 11 . 3 ( th e w s h e s‘ '
i
ly plac e s i n th e N T w h e e
fl esh th e pl H eh fia
'

of th th e y ra
e on . r .

oc c ur s e c e p t i th e v a r iou s
x ea di n g o f B o n Mak iii 3 5
n A cco d r r . . r
,

i g to T i s ch e n do r f i t i s c om m on i n th e L X X v e r s i on o f th e Ps a
n lms
an d Isa iah
O i ge n D e P ri n c i v 2 2 B a g
.

’
l1i p 0E
’
r yp Oi ( 6t .
,
7r v w ri uc 1 77 8 0 7

aa a
.

t y ) i g apé fi 7 é k ay fla u
,

a h hé a i u
’

r f d 7 n r 7 wo w r o xo 01 K r uo e
y
7a7 a 7 g: i
1 7
x i(1
g d a i g o 5
2 0
n rw t h afi i u 5 2
o 79
7 i ro 1 7 8 wo e 77 7 01

aapm v o ij g T ri pagk i r ag n
p on ou
y y é rw g 7 0V X pw r oy
é m de dny nr é v az
Wh en th e S aviour de clae s I w as l r
‘
n o t s e n t bu t u n to th e os t

sh e e p o f th e h ou s e of I s r ael w e d o n o t tak e th i s as th e p o or -
’
W tte d 1

Ebi o n i te s s o a s to s u pp o s e th at th e Ch i s t c a
,
me a n d d w e l t o f fo e r r

i n te n t am on g th e I s ae lite s of th e fl e s h O rigen i n callin g th e r .

’

Ebi n i te so p oo -w i tte d pu n s on th ei n am e E bi oni m th e p oor

r
‘ r , , .
’

T h e qu ota tio n a g re e s e a c tly w i th M att xv 2 4 x . . .

4 8 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H e br ew s .

*
18 . Ma tt x v i 1 7 . . . S on of Joh n .

za
( Na r ene ?
)
Matt x v iii 2 2 . . . He s ai th If th y b roth e r h ath s i n n e d
1 .
‘

Luk e Xx v ii 31 4 :
i n i w or d a nd h a th m a de th e e a m e n ds ,
(Naz arene ) s e v e n ti m e s i n ada r e ce i v e h i m
y .

2 § S i m on h i s di s c i pl e s a
. i d u n to h i m
S e v e n ti m e s i n ad a
‘
y P
3 T h e L or d a
. n s w e re d a nd s a i d u n to
h im ‘
a l s o un to s e v e n ty ti m e s
I te ll th ee ,

s e v e n : for i n th e p r oph e ts l i k e w i s e a fte r ,

th a t th e y w e r e a n o i n te d by th e Holy S p i r i t ,

u tte r a n c e of s i n w a s fo u n d
’
.

T i s ch e n dor f s Co de x A , m a
’
r
g n, T 0 Y i é d i ’
V 1/ 0 u

T h e Je w i sh :
“s on of Joh n ” N o d oub t th e Ar a
as Bar m ac . i w

Joc h a na T h er e i s h a r dly a n q u e s ti o n th a t th e na m e J on a of
n .
y , ,

S im on s fa th e r i s n ot th e Sa me a s J on a h b u t i s a c on tr a c ti o n o f
’
,

J och a na n Jo h n In a ll o th e r pla
,
c e s i n th e N T w h e r e th e n a
. m e of . .

Sim on s fa th er o c cu r s ( Joh n i 43 , x x i 1 5 1 6 1 7 ) r ec e n t e di to rs
’
. .
, ,

r i h tly r e a
’
d s on of Joh n
g .

T J e r o m e A do P ela
g iii 2 E t,
i n e o d e m v ol u m i n e
. S i p e.c .
,

fr ate r tun s in v erbo e t s a ti s tibi fe c e r i t s ep ti e s i n

”
ca v eri t i n qui t
, , ,

d ie s us c i p e e um . D xti i illi S i m on d i ipul

sc u s e us
j S e p ti e s i n d i e ?
R e s po n di t D o m i n us t di i t
e x ei Etia
m e
g o d i co t ib i us qu e
s e p tu agi e s s e p ti e s e ten i m i n p r o ph e ti s q uoq ue , p o st
q u am u n c ti

s un t Sp Sa i it
n oto , n v en tu s e s t s e r m o p ec c a
r u t i i .
”

1 M a tth e w an d Luk e ( x v 4 ) d o n o t l m t th e c fl e n s e to offe n s e ii . i i

o f Sp e e c h It i s p os s bl e th a
. t Je r o m e r e n de r e d too li te r a i
lly h e r e , an d
th at th e p op e rr r e n de r n g w o ui ld be ‘
in a th i n g ,
’ ‘
in an y th in g .
’

In He br e w w or d i s n ot s e d o m u s e d l i n th e s en s e o f as u bject of
p
s ee ch , a ‘
th i n ,
’
g j a
us t s ou r th i n g nd t a h e Lati n res m ean as u bject
f
o th ough t . Dr . He r m an n Adle r te ll s m e th at th i s us age ,
th ou
gh
r a
r er m ac , i s
in Ar a i n ot u n k n o w n to i t .

Th i s s ty e o c c ur s l agai n i n th e n ex t fr agm e n t it i s n ot fo un d
i n th e Fo u r Gos p el s Pe te r i s S p ok e n o f as pl an . i i
S m on
’
on ly
o n c e i n Ma tth e w a n d J oh n , b u t 7 t m e s i n Ma rk i an d 8 t m es i ni
Luk e . T h e t tl e i ‘
di ipl
a s p ec ially fav ou ri te o n e w ith J oh n
sc e
’
is

( w h o u s e s i t s om e e s ) n e x t w i th Ma tth e w ( ab 8 0 ti m
o u t 8 0 ti m e s
) , ,

an d Ma r k ( 4 5 ti m e s ) w h e r eas Luk e h a s i t on ly a bou t 4 0 tim e s or ,

i n p rop orti on to h i s len gth o n ly tw i ce for e v e r y fi v e ti m e s th a t

Ma tth e w a n d Ma rk h av e i t an d for e v e ry 7 tim es th at Joh n h as i t , .

He al s o u s e s th e title Ap os tle 6 ti m es w h ile each o f th e o th e r s

‘
,

ha s i t on ly o n c e .

n oin te d h i m
a W i Holy S pi ri t
‘
I] C f A c ts x .3 8 G o d th th
. e , .
’
 M att . x vi .
‘

I 7, x v i ii . 2 2 , x ix . 16 —2 4 .
49

a a 1 6— he r of th e r i ch m e n s ai d
H
m m . x ix . 24 .
(1 6) 1 . Th e ot
Ma
rk X
to h i m Mas ter w ha t g ood th l n g s h a ll I
Luk e x v iii 1 8 —2 5 ,

do an d 1117 9 9
. .

Nazar ene )
(

Luk e u s es th e v erb an oin t tw i ce m or e— Gosp i v 18 . .

,
A c ts iv .27 ;
i t is on ly foun d tw ice again i n th e N T — n ot a
. t all . i n th e oth e r

th r e e Gos pe l s .

11 La ti n tr a n s o f O ri e n
g (.s ee a b o v e p 1
( ) D i x it a d e u m a l te r , .

di v i tu m Ma g i s te r q u i d b on um fa
,
c ie n s v i v a m ? ( )
2 D i x i t e i
‘
Hom o l e ge m [ Mi gn e h as le ge s s ic] e t pr oph e tas fac
, ( )
,3 R e .
’

S on di t a e ci i x it e i a n i a q ua
‘ ‘
p d cum F ( 4 ) D .V
’
d e v e n d e o m e ,

o s s i de s e t d i v i d e a e r i bu s e t v e n i
’

p p u p s e q u e re m e
( )
5 C o e p i t ,
.

aute m di v e s s ca lp e r e c a pu t s u um e t n on p lac ui t ei Et dix it ad , .

D om i n us ‘
Q uo m o d o d i ois Le ge m fe c i e t pr oph e tas ?
“ ”
eum

q uon i am s criptum e s t i n l e ge Dili ge s p r ox i m u m tuu m S i cut te

“

i psu m e t e c c e m ulti fratr e s tui filii A brah ae am i c ti s un t s te r core

”
, , , ,

m or i e n te s pr a e fa m e e t d o m u s t ua pl e n a e s t m ul ti s bo n i s e t n on
, ,

e r e di tur
g o m ni n o a li q u i d e x e a ad e o s
( )
6 E t c o n v er s u s d i x i t .
’

S i m on i d i s c i pulo s u o s e de n ti a pu d s e S i m on fili Ioh an n ae

, , , ,

fa c ili u s e s t c a m e l um i n tra re
p e r fora m e n a c u s q u a m d i v i t e m i n

r e n u m ca
’
e lo r u m
g .

T h e th r e e S y n op ti c Gosp el s on ly m e n ti o n o n e r i c h m a n

i n de e d on ly on e m an r ich or p oor—as as k in g aq ue s tio n of J e sus

, ,

at th i s tim e Hi lge n fe l d c onj e c tu r e s th at i n th e Gos p e l ac c or din g

.

to th e He b r e w s th e e n ti r e pa s sa ge ra n s o m e w h a t a s foll o w s .

‘
A n d beh old th er e ca m e to h im tw o r i ch m en T h e on e s a id “
Good .

ma — But h e s ai d Gal i m o n ot good : or h e th at i s ood i s on e th e

s ter
f g ,

Fath e r i n th e h eav e ns Ca
’
T h e oth er §cc . l l m e n ot good i s th e .

rea di n g o f th e Cl e m e n tin e Ho m i li e s ( x viii 3 1 7 ) i n Ma tt x ix 1 7 .

, . .
,

an d th e Fath er i n th e h eav en s i s ad de d to th e a n s w e r o f Je s us b
y
th e m ,
by Ju s tin ( m y Fa th er & c ) o c ( n e D i a l 1 01 — but God w h o m a
.
de .

al l th in gs Ap ol i ,
an d by th e Mar c os ia
. . ns
( r e n aeus A dv Haer
I , . .

I x x 2 ) th e s e h o w e ver s ay n oth in g o f tw o qu es tion er s

. .
, , .

T h i s n u m be r tw o m a b h ou h t to a ff o r d as tr a i ’

y e t g w s w e h t f
g o

p r e s um p ti on i n fav ou r of th e Matth ae an or i gin o f th i s v e r s ion It .

o c c ur s i n Ma tth e w m u ch m or e ofte n th a n i n th e oth e r Go s p e l s a nd ,

i n v iii 2 8 a. nd x x 30 h e ha s r ep r e s e n te d J e s us a
. s h ea li n g tw o
d e m o n ia cs a n d tw o bli n d m e n w h e r e Ma rk an d Lu k e on ly m en tion
o n e : o n th e o th e r h a nd h e
( w i th M a rk
) o nl
y S p e a k s o f o n e a n
g e l
at th e s e p ul c h r e w h e r e Lu k e an d J oh n m e n tion t w o
,
.

T h e n o w ( r i gh tly ) a c c e p te d r e a din g in Ma tt x ix 1 6 i s Ma s te r . .
’

an d i n x ix 1 7 Wh y ask e s t th ou m e of th e
,
‘
Go o d M a ‘
’
n ot s te r ,
.

? h e th a
’
g o od t i s go o d i s O n e .
5 0 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H e br ew s .

He s ai d un to h i m
( )
1 7 2 . Man ‘
,

p erform th e l aw an d Tth e pr oph ets .

’

( )
2 0 3 H e an s w e re d h i m
. I h av e p e r

form e d th e m .
’

( )
2 1 4 ai d un to h i m 1 Go s ell
. He s
“
,

a ll th a t th o u h a st a n d d i v i de i t to th e p oor ,

an d c om e foll ow m e ,
’
.

( )
22 5 B u t t h e
. r i ch m a n b e g a n t o

s cr atch h i s h e a d a n d i t pl e a s e d h i m n ot, .

A n d th e L or d s a i d u n to h i m How s aye s t
th o u “
I ha v e p erform e d th e l aw an d th e
p r oph e ts s e e i n g th a t i t i s w r i tte n i n
th e l a w T h ou s h a lt l ov e th y n e i ghb ou r
as thy s e l f ”
an d b eh ol d m an y of th y
,

br e thr en s on s of A b r ah am are cl ad w ith

, ,

d u n g dy i n g for hu n g er a
,
n d th
y h ou s e i s ,

full o f m u ch g o ods a n d th e r e g o e th ou t ,

th e re fr om n o ugh t a t a ll u n to th e m ’
.

( 2 3 4 ) 6 An d h e turn e d an d s a
. i d to
S i m o n h i s fll d i s ci ple , s itti n g by h im ,

Th i s for m of addr e s s is on ly fou n d i n Luk e xii . 1 4, x x 11 .

1 Th s c o
7
n u n c t on i j i pr oph e ts as th e bas e of ac ode of life
of th e , ,

Wi th th e l a w i s p e cu l iar to Matth e w c f v ii 1 2 Th e e for all

‘
: . .
,
r ,

th i n
g s w hats o e v e r y e w o ul d th at m e n s h o ul d d o to
y o u d o
y e

ven for th i s i s th e l a a th e p oph e ts

’
e so t o th e m : w nd An d r .

xx ii . 4 0, ‘
O n th e s e tw o com n dm e n ts h a
ma n
g a
ll th e l aw a
nd th e
p oph e ts
r .
’

iii i i i
alittle n e a
i

v
'
’
1 Luk e
( x 2 2 ) o m ts Go ,
b u t o th er w. se he s
rer

to th e Go s p e l ac c or d n g to th e He br e w s th a n i ar e M att an d Mark
ai
.

of . h is 7r d 1 7 a (70 a 2305 1 9 w th th e
'
i i r ao u'
7 nr dpxo w a a n d 5 0 a g e cg ;
x
an d h is w th th e r 8613 i i .

Cf M att. . x ix . Ma
19 rk a
. n d Lu k e o m i t th i s i n j un c ti on .

C f Lu k
. e x x i . 9 s on of A br a
,
ham
’
an d x iii 1 6 da u h ter o f
g , .
,

ha S ee d o f A br a
ha tw ic e a c h il dr en o f
‘ ‘
A br a
ha
’ ’
m . J oh n s m nd

Abr a
ha
’
m on c e .

11 S e e n o te o n th e l as t fr a m en t
g .

It w a s th e cu s to m fo r th e s c h ol a r s o f aR a bb to s i t on th e i
flo or o r b en ch e s , w h i l e th e R a bb h m s e l f s at al ttl e abo v e th e m o n i i i
is e d
ar a platfor m : th u s Pau l sp eak s of i
h m se f l as b r o ugh t up at
th e fe e t of Gama
l el i ( A c ts xx ii . As re
gar ds th e ph r as e
 M att . x ix .
—
16 24 , xx i 9 . .
5 1

‘
S i m on , s on of T1 J
”
o h n ,
i t i s e as i er for a
cam e l to e n ter th r ough th e ey e O f an e e dl e

th a n ar i c h m a n 1 n to th e k i n g do m of th e
h e ave n s .
’

21 .
ti Matt x i . . 9 .
1
Hos a n n al
l i n th e he i ghts .

Ma rk x i 1 0 . .

Luk e x ix . 38 .

J oh n x ii . 13 .

Naza
( rene
)

s itti n
g BY,
’
Hilge n fe ld quotes Jos e ph us ( Be ll Iu d . . i . 6
7
1101 1 1} 83
My m apebpebo v r s g aim ? an d th e r e w e r e n o t ar fla
’ ’
O il k 7 07 V
‘
n v o v rw r
O
y
a fe w O f th e s ch ola r s s i tti n a E s sa a ’
g y b h i m ( i e J u d s t h e e n
) . . .

J e su s h im self c er ta in ly lik e d to te ach as a Rabbi s ittin g : s e e , ,

Matt v 1 x iii 1 2 x v 2 9 ( x x i v
. .
,
.
, x x vi ,5 5 Ma . rk i v 1 ix 35. .
,
.
,
.
,

Luk e v 3 J oh n v i 3 .
,
It m a y b e o b s e r v e d th a
. . t t h i s l i tt l e bi t o f
J e w i s h c ol ou r i n g i s s uppli e d by Ma tth e w m or e ofte n th a n i n th e

o th e r th r ee Ev a n e li s ts to e th e r a n d th a t h e a l on e s pe a k s o f th e
g g ,

S c ribe s a n d Ph a r i s ee s a s i tti n g i n Mo s e s s e a t ( x x iii

’ ’
s .

H S ee n ote on Fr agm e n t 1 8 Ioh a nn a i n O rige n s tr a n sla

’
t or
"

e .

p oin ts to aGr e ek Ia V (1 of ’
.

11 Je r o m e i n a l e t te r t o P e
p e D a m a s us
( M a rti a n a s ed
y i v
’
. .

148 ) a fte r e x pl a inin g th e w o rd Os ann a pr oce e ds th u s z— Fi n ally ,

Ma tth e w w h o c o m p o s e d th e Gosp e l i n th e Hebr e w l a

,
n ua e
g g p ut ,

i n th e s e w o rd s O s a n n aba rra m a th a Osa n n a i n th e h e i h ts

‘ ’
,
t is g , ,

be ca u s e w h e n th e S a viour w as bor n s alvation r e ach e d as far as

h ea v e n th at i s e v en to th e h ei gh ts p eac e be in g m ade n ot on ly i n
, ,

ea r th but a ls o i n h e av e n ( D e n i q ue Matth ae us q ui Evan gelium ,

Hebr aeo s e rm on e c on s c rip s i t i tap os uit Os an n a bar l am a i d e s t , ,

/
,

O sa n n ai n e x c el s i s qu od S al vato re n as c e n te s alu s i n c o elum us qu e

’
, ,

i d e s t e ti a m a ,
d e x c e l s a p e r v e n er i t p a c e fa c ta n o n s ol um i n t e rr a ,

s e d e t i n c o el o ) T h e da te O f th e l e tte r i s a
. bo u t 3 8 0 A D . .

It s e e m s to m e ( a s to A n e r a
g n d Hil e n fe l d
g ) a l m o s t c e r t a i n th a t
J e r om e i s h e r e qu otin g th e Go sp e l a c c or d i n
g t o th e He bre w s a nd ,

for th r e e r e a s on s ( 1 ) h e w a s n ot th e m a n to co n e c tur e th a
j t Ma tth e w
w r o te ba rra m aa n d th e n s ta te i t a s a a
f c t ; ( )
2 t h e i n tr o d u c ti on o f th e

w or d i s so a ltoge th e r i rr e l e van t th at I s u pp o s e h im to h av e
i n tro du c e d i t Sim ply as an e x am ple O f w h at h e belie v e d to be th e
v e r itable A ram aic O f M atth e w ; ( 3 ) it i s alm os t c e r tain ( s ee n ote
on p 1 8
) t.h at h e h a d c o p i e d t h e Na za r e n e Go s p e l b e for e h e w r ote

th i s l e tter to D a ma s us a n d i t i s n o t to b e be l ie v e d th a, t h ol din g h i s ,

O pi n i on O f i t h e s h o ul d s a th a t M a t th ew w r o te A r a m a i c ds
, y w o r

w h i ch i t di d n ot c on ta i n Y e t s e e A d d en d a . .

1 For t
n o e s see n e x
'
t p ag e.

E 2
5 2 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

aw om an accus ed before J es us
22 . ? End of Ma
tt . A s tor y f
o

x x 1.

Naza
( r ene

Hilge n fel d prints as th e or igi al a

n m: sw am n d sa
a ys th a
t
An ger r e er sf th e s e c on d w or d t
o ith th
e er e He br e w nm : or th e

Ch a
l dac i
T h e fr agm en t c or r e s p on ds v erbati m w ith Matth e w a
n d Ma
rk ,

n ot s o w ith Lu k e an d Joh n .

Ho s an n a O s av e i s from PS c x viii 2 5 on e of th e Hall e l

,
’
,
’
. .
,

p s alm s s un g about aw e ek befor e th e en try of Je s u s i nto J e ru s ale m

,

an d app oin te d to be s un g again aw eek late r at th e Pass ove r But .

ac c or di n g to th e c h r on ology o f Matth e w ( a g a i n s t Ma rk
) h i s e n tr
y
w a s i m m e di a tely foll o w e d by th e p urifi c a ti on of th e T e m pl e a nd ,

if w e m i gh t tr u s t th i s c h ro n ol o gy a n d s up o s e a
p l s o th a t h e h a d
all o w e d h i s i n te n tion to b ec om e k n ow n a n oth e r v e r
y r em a rk a b l e ,

e x pl a na ti o n o f th e ir qu o ti n g th i s p s a l m w oul d c om m e n d its elf to ou r

ac c ep tan c e At th e Fe as t of D e dic ati on w h i ch com m em or ated th e
.
,

r fi ca i on of th e T em p le by J u da s Ma cca b a h e y ba r e b ra
p u i t eus t n ch e s , ,

an d fair bou gh s an d p alm s a l s o an d s an g p s alm s ( 2 Mac e x 6

, , . .
,

an d w e kn ow th a t PS c x vi i i w a s a m on g th e p s a. l m s s un g at th i s fe as t
. .

It w ou l d th u s a pp e ar as if th e cr ow d h e arin g of th e in te n tion of
J e s us r epea te d th e c e r e m on i e s of th e Fe a s t o f D e di c a ti on .

a n h ea H n fe l d a c e s Ec cl e s ia i i
‘
llll T h t i s i v en i l g e d d u .
’
s t c u s x x v .

1 6 ( ii/h o g d ar é h h w 5 inbi r m g K upi ou th e s un ri s i n g i n h e i gh ts

‘ '
r v 11 o

o f th e Lor d ) a n d x liii 9
( w h e r e th e m o o n i s s p ok e n o f a. s Ka ma
'
0 i7 a 515511 ci a w r if v E V iz bi a r m g Kb t o g
‘
b a f
’
r0 7 t
p
'
p 1
,
r w v
p Ko o o g
y t , p e u y o w
,

h ea v en l
g y or ,
o f s ta rs a S h i n in
g o rn am en t l o rd
, i n h e i g h t s , ,
’

w h e r e I o f c o u rs e p r e fe r th e r e a din g o f A C Ko a
'
( ar tZ é
p
a
og
y v v , w

{111[ 0 7 m g Kv pi ov as h in i n g or n a m en t i n h e i gh ts o f t h e Lor d
’
/ nd

Luk e ii 14 ( 36561 i v 17 111 7 0 4 ; 9 6 97 A V

. Glory to Go d i n th e
1 0
, . .

h i gh e s t ) a n d pa r ti c ul arl x ix 3 8 th e d es cr ip ti on o f th i s v e r
’
y y .s c en e , ,

w h er e th e c r of th e m u l titud e i s gi v e n a s é 0 1J a 1 7 ei fi v n Ka B a
’

y p g p i o g v '
,

Er i li {O T O LQ A V
l /
’
p e ace i n h eav e n an d gl ory i n th e h igh e s t T h e
. . .
’

m ea nin o f th e e n ti r e ph r a s e m a be L e t Hos a n na a v ’
g y b e s u n
g i n h e en .

E us e biu s ( Hi s t E col i i i 3 9 ) s a y s th a t P. a p i a s h a s
. p u b l i.
sh e d

al s o ano th e r r el ati on O f a w o m an ac cu s e d o f m any s i n s be for e th e

L or d w h i c h th e Go s p el a c c or di n o th e He br e w s c on ta i ’
, g t ns
( for

th e Gre e k se e p 8 n o te ) .
,
.

T h e pa s sa g e I ha v e i n s e r te d a b ov e a s p rob a b ly i d e n ti c a l i n s ub ,

s ta n ce a t le a s t w i th th e n a rra ti v e m e n ti o n e d by Eus e bi us i s th e ,

S to ry o f th e Wom a n ta k e n i n A d ul te ry pri n te d i n o ur Bibl e s a s Jo h n

v ii 5 3 —
. viii 1 1 but w h os e ge n uin en e s s as ap ar t o f th e Four th
.
,

Gospel i s dis a llo w e d by an ove r w h el m i n g p r ep on der an ce of cr i tical

54 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

1 . An d th e y w ent e ach to h i s ow n

to th e Hebr ew s h o w c ou l d i t h a
,
‘
v e been ( w ith s om e triflin g e x
c e p ti on s ) u n i v e r s a lly tr an s ferr e d to th e Gosp el of S t Joh n an d n e v er .
,

O n c e to t h e m or e k in d r e d Gosp el of S t M a tth ew
. Fa r ra r s e e m s to .

fe el th e s a m e di fli c ul ty a s to i ts i n te r p ol a ti on i n to Joh n a nd m a n
y ,

O f th o s e w h o r ep u di a te th e ge n uin en e s s of th e p a ss a g e m us t h a v e

s tu m bl e d o v er i t i n th e ir o w n m i n d s T h e q ue s tion c a
. n I be l i e v e , ,

be a n s w er e d s a ti s fa c to ril
y a s foll ow s
,
.

If th e r e a de r tu rn s to p 7 h e w ill s e e th a
.
,
t Eus ebi us s a ys th at
Pa pias als o tr an sfe rs to h i s ow n w or k oth e r ac c oun ts by th e afore
‘
,

sa id Ari s ti on of th e Lor d s dis c our s e s an d tradition s of th e Elde r

,
’
,

O f c our s e w h e n h e r e p ea te d on e of th e El d e r J oh n s tr a di
’ ’
J OHN .

tion s h e m u st h a v e m en tion e d h i m by n am e or Eu s e biu s w ould n ot ,

ha v e k n ow n w h e n c e th ey w e r e d e ri v e d My th e or y i s th a
. t Pa pias
i n tel lin g th e S tor y o f th e Wo m a n ta k e n i n A dul te ry s a id th at i t w as
r e la te d by J oh n m e a n in t h e El d e r ; th a t s om e on e e l s e s upp os e d
, g
h i m to m e a n th e Ap o s tl e an d adde d i t to h i s ow n c opy of th e
,

Fo ur th Gos p el p erh a ,
p s i n th e place w h ere w e n ow fin d i t or ,

p erh ap s as an app en dix at th e e n d of th e Gospel w h e n c e it m ay ,

ha ve been tr an s fer r e d by th e n e x t c opyi s t .

It i s e a s y to s e e w h
y t h i s pa r ti cul a r pl a ce w a s foun d for i t I t .

s e e m e d t o c o m e m os t n a tur a lly jus t befor e viii 1 5 w h e re Je sus s ays .

,

Ye j u d ge a fte r th e fl e sh ; I j udge n o m a n a nd
j u s t ater 0
f .

vii w h e r e th er e h ad be en far m or e m en tion of Mos e s an d th e

.
,

la w th a n in a n
y o th e r p a r t o f th e G o spel M os e s b e i n
g n a m e d
4 tim e s a nd th e l a w 5 tim e s a g ai n s t tw i c e i n a n
y o th e r ch a p te r

—
, ,

a n d th er e b e i n n o o o d o p or tu n i ty of i n s er tin i t b f v 5 2
g g p g e o r e . .

A ga in J e s us i s m en tion e d t w ice i n c v n an d on ce i n 0 viii as . . . .

te a c h i n g i n th e T emp le b u t n ow h e r e e l s e i n th e Gos p el
, .

T h e s tor y e v i den tly bel on gs to th e Pa s s i on w eek

- w h en
‘ i n th e ,

da y
- ti m e he w a s te a c h in
g i n th e T e m pl e ; a nd a t n i h t h e w e n t o ut
g ,

an d a bode i n th e m oun t th a t i s ca lle d th e Mou n t of O l i ve s An d .

all th e p eopl e c am e e a rl i n th e m or n i n t o h i m i n th e T e m pl e for

y g ,

to h e a r h im
( L uk e x x i 3 7.

Hitz ig w oul d fin d r o om for th i s i n ci den t be tw e e n Ma r k x 11 17 .

an d 18 th at i s be tw een th e qu e s tion of th e He r odian s an d th a

, t of
th e S a dd uc e e s : b ut th i s i s c on tr a di c te d by Ma tt x x ii 2 3 w h i c h s a
.
y s .

th a t th e S a d duc ee s c a m e to h i m th e s a m e da a s th e He r o di a
y ns .

It m i gh t be p ut a fte r Ma tt x x ii i f th a
. . t ch a
,
pter di d n ot en d w ith
th e s ta tem e n t th a t n e ith e r d u r s t a n
y m a n fr om th a t d a y fo rt h a s k
h im a or e q u e s ti on s u t th e r e s e em s n o r e a s o n wh ou l d
’
n
y m . B y w e S h
n ot
g i v e i t a pla c e i n ti m e be tw e e n M a tt x xi a n d x x ii. t h a
.t i s .
,

be tw e e n th e pa ra bl e s of th e Wi ck ed Hus ba n dm e n a n d th e We ddin
g
 (M att . xx i . en d 9
.

) 7 oh n v ii .
53 -v i i i . II .
55

h ou s e an d ,
*
Je s u s w ent to th e M ou n t of

th e Ol i v e s .

a
fe s t— e s p e c ia lly as w e are told i n M ark x 11 1 2 th at after th e .

form er pa ra bl e th ey l e ft h i m a n d w e n t th e i r w a w o ul d th e n
’
y I t .

c om e befor e th e q u es ti on s of th e Her o di a ns Sa ddu c e e s a n d Ph a ri , ,

s e es im m e di a
,
tely a fte r w h i c h w e fin d fr om Ma rk x ii 3 5 a n d 4 1 th a t .

he w a s te a ch in g IN T HE T EMPL E a n d th a t h e SAT o v e r a g a i n s t th e

tr e as u ry — fa ots w h i ch d o n ot o f c ou r s e pr ov e a
,
n y th in
g f o r thi s

th e or y but a r e S i m ply u te d to S h ow i ts co n s i s te n cy w i th w h a t e
, q o w

k n ow of th e a c ti on s o f J e s u s o n th i s p a r ti c ul a r da
y .

A S to th e te x t of th e p a ssa th e n u m be r o f v a r i ou s r e a d i n s is
g e g
,

s o un p a ra llele d an d s o m an y of th e m os t an ci en t M S S v ers ion s an d

,
.
, ,

Fa th e rs fa il u s th at i ts e x act de term in ation i s h opele s s I s ubj oin

,
.

th e te x t w h i ch I fra me a n d w h ich I h a v e r e n de re d as cl osely as

,

p os sibl e T h e r eader w h o com par e s i t w ith th e n ote s to th is

.

p as s age i n T i s ch en dorf s eigh th e ditio n w ill s ee th at i n e v e ry c as e

’

w h e re h e h a s d e fi n i te ly i n di c a te d on e r e a di n g a s pr e fe ra bl e to th e
r es t I h a ve be en able to agr ee w i th h i m .

'
a 77 0 s 1 9 17 0 a 0
’
1 27 010 7 0 9 f i g 7 01 o i KO V ( 1 17 7 0 1
( )
1 K
"
i 0 p 1 / 7 I 7
17 0 0 1 9 0 0 77 0 10 179 7
7 !
,
1

s ic 7 0 O pog 7 17 V
”
( )
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p p o u 00 n dh w n ape y é v er o 0 i 9 7 0 K ai 5
77 1 9 0 h a09 iipxer o
a
'‘
0 a a 00 a 1<e v 11 137 0 17
’
77
p 9 11 7 0r
,
K i m t ho g i 0 0 9 .

o ua a a a (Da w a a a a
"

( )
3 00 i i 0
’
A y w o
yp y y n i g K i o p i m y u r i x 77 i o1 e 1
y x
x ar ah ny y é v m' .

i v y éa ‘
‘
a a A 1 0c1 0 1cah e, a17 7 17 i7
’

( )
4 i
’
K i 7
0 7 1 0 1111 7 0 9 v 7 r7 i z
g) s ne w 01 67 177
-
y u m) Kai 5 00 777 7 0 1 077 11 177 0 0
’
p m s uo é r n
'
1
y x y
V 00 M w ii 0 179 0r e 7 e ih a7 0 a117 c1 9 M edfew
’
5
( ) E d go h t
'

01 9
’

ei r
‘
7 7 01
7 '
0 1 7 O1 V 7 1 ixé y e1 9 ;
’

'
6
( ) T 0 17 7 0 00 ifh ey o v 7 01 1
7 050 117 0
9 abré u
,
i r a i xu 0 1 Kar ny opei u
av r ou
Ka K
.

7 0a1< 7 17iup
ar é y pacpe u e i9 7 17V 7 17V
0
’
( ) C 00 1 170 0 u9 no hitu g K .

( )
8 0 9 00 i n é y e uo v 0pw 7 117 r 7 be v Kai s i n s )! 11177 0 7 9
C
1 0 9 01 17 7 01 d v érv g / .

0 d v ay dpr nr o g 7 0V MH
fiah é n o Kai n dh w
’
7 7 1 11
7 77 0 9 077 0117 7 171 / OV
"

Ka r o) r ia/ a
l t: i a
yp pe v f ig T1 V 7 y fiv .

( )
9 i 00 r o b0 a Efi
E 19 aO i g, dpE
’
O d 1'7 0 9 pxo v r o £ K f iy s
o 0177 0 7 17 W
fi
a '
u
p e
p a i
ur e w r ma r s h s i fln
, p y
K o r o g 0 I1 0 o i79
7
’
Kai y u m) 0 1
71 50 1
3 o
7
1 0u 1 .

ra 1c151 / a
fi ‘
’
1 a a a
’
( ') 0 A [ 9 0 0 0 1 7
17 0 0 1 9 f i n e r i n v z
,
77 0 7
1 s i i v
;
0 5 Ka
’
7 e 1cp 1 v s p ;

H 0 0 -’
s i n cu
( )
1 1 17 00 0 07 0 0
’
b 17 0
’
E 0 0 1 7 0
a
K w
p 7 0 17 0 0 1 9 .
7
K Ta
'
77 0 0 170 u Ka 1 77 0 7 0 1 17 K0 7 1 d d r av e
’
x w éo
p p
'
i 6 7 7
V1 1
y y p
! .

Ma tth e w ( x x i 1 7 ) s a s th a n th e e v e n i n a
9"
y t. o g f t e r th e e n tr
y
i n to Je ru s a
l e m Je s us w e n t ou t o f th e c ity to Be th a
n y an d lodge d
th e r e ,
’
a
nd s ubs e qu e n t pass age s im ply th a
t th e lodgin g w as n ot
5 6 .
T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H ebr e w s .

2 . a t da
*
w n h e ca
An d me a g ain i n to
th e T e m pl e T and a ll th e p e opl e c a
,
m e to
h im , an d i h av i n g s at d ow n h e ta ugh t
th e m .

3 . A n d th e s cr ib e s an d th e Ph ai s ee s r

br in g Haw om a
n ta
ke n up for adultery :

m er e ly te m p orary . Th e s a
me w i th Ma
rk ( x i . But Luk e
( xxi q u ote d a
. ov e a
3 7,
b nd ii 3 9 an d w en t a s he w a s w on t to ,
xx .
,
‘

th e m ou nt of [ th e ] Oliv e s ) i s th e on ly e v a n e li s t w h o v a u e ly
’
g g
i
m en t o s
n th i s m ou n tai n an d n o t B e th an y as th e l o d i
g gn -pl ace o f , ,

J e s us at n i gh t .

9"
T h er e are tw o l
c ose paallel s r to th i v
s e rse i n th e w r iti n
gs o f
Luk e . Th e fi rs t p e ople cam e at daw n
i s Lu k e x xi . 3 8, An d all th e
V e aly i n th e m o n i n g] to h i m i n th e T e m pl e fo o h ea
[ A . r t r r ,
r

h im came a
’
t da w n i s e p e s s e d i n th e Gr e e k by a s in gl e w o d x r r

157 67 5 th e v e b of o
1 1 11 fl
p p
5
,
d aw n T h e s e co
r n d i s Ac ts v 2 1
’
th ey ou .
’
.
,

e n te r e d i n to th e T e m pl e to w ad th e da w n [A V ea rly i n th e r . .

m or n i n
g] a n d tau gh t again bp o v
h er e th e w or d u s e d is
’
.

It i s r em ark abl e th a t p uttin g a s id e th i s fra m e n t

g ,
no N T ,
. .

w r iti n
g, e x c e p t th o s e o f Luk e c on tain s th e w or d optipo v or an y O f i ts
,
’

k in : in additi on to 0p9p0 1 a n d (i G
p pi Z é t V Lu k e al s o h as 0
/ 9
p p1 1 09 /

( xx iv . Matth e w Ma rk an d Joh n al w a ,
ys u s e n pw i or n pw i a
,
’ '

Luk e n e v er .

l Fr om h er e to th e
‘‘
e n d of th e v ers e is l e ft ou t by se ven c u rs iv es ,

i l u di
nc n
g se v eral of th e be s t ( e .
g C o
. d 1 6 . a
n d Cod . But a s si x

of th e s e ad at
th e be g n n n g of th e n e x t e r s e
re i i v Ka
'
i 77 p0 0 r71/ 0 7 1cav
( 1 17 7 7 th e o m s s o n m a a
4 y i i
r s e fr om th e c o
y s t gl anc n
g ac c de n ta
y i p i i i ll
fr om o n e m l to a n o th e r tw o n es be o w i t D o m ts a ‘
nd h a n
g li l . i vi
s a
t dow n h e ta
u h t th e m ,
g
’
but th e Co pyis t ma
y h a e v c on foun d e d

th i s s e n te n c e ( K ai w ith th e on e be for e ( m i
it A s th e R a
bb i s ta
u gh t S i tti g n ,
s o, ve y r o fte n at l e ast ,
di d Je s us .

S ee M att v 1 . . at d ow n ( A V w h e n h e w as
an d w h en h e h ad s . .

s e t) h i s di s c ipl e s CAME UNT O HIM an d h e O p en e d h i s m ou th an d ,

x iii 1 2 ; x v 2 9 ; ( x x iv x x vi 55 ( I sa
‘
ta u gh t .
,
t . . .

da ily w ith y ou te ach in g IN T HE Ma rk iv 1 ; i x 3 5 ; . .

Lu k e v 3 J oh n v i 3 .
It i s M a tth ew w h o i s m o s t fon d of S p e ci
. .

fy i n g th i s a ttitu de .

Ma tth e w h a s s cri bes a n d Ph a ri s ees 6 ti m e s Luk e 3 tim e s a nd , ,

Luk e a n d Ma rk h a v e ea ch P h a ri s e es a n d s cr i bes o n c e .

H D h a s a v e r y li k e ly -l o ok in
g r ea d i n
g a w o
m a n ta k e n fo r S in

dy apr i g y u r ai ica e ih ny y é n ) v v — w h i ch r e c
'
alls at on c e Papias s ’

cc u s e d o f m a n y si n s th e a dul te r ou s a n d s i n fu l ge n e r ati on
‘
w om a n a
’
,
 (M att . xx i . en d 5 m 1
0 v ii .
53 4 1 277 . II .
57

4 . An d h av i n g pl ac e d h e r in th e m i d s t
th e y s ai d to h i m 11 T e ach e r , th i s w om an
h ath b ee n take n up in adultery , i n th e
v er y act ;
5 .
‘
A n d i n th e l aw Mos e s c om m a n de d

us to s ton e s u ch : TTw h a
t th e r e for d ost
th ou s a
y ?
6 . A n d th i s th ey s ai d i i try in g h im ,
th a
t th e y m a
y h av e w h er eby to accu s e
h im .

7 . But Je s u s h av i n g b e n t do w n ke p t

of Ma
rk v iii . 3 8, a
nd th e w om a
n w h i ch w s as in n e r
a of Luke v n.

37 . v e r w ith out s upp ort

It i s h o w e .

fll It i s agr e at p i ty th a
t th e A V ob s c ur e s th e m e a n in
g o f th e . .

or i gi n a
l by i v ai a bly gi vi n g th e a
n m bi guou s
r Ma s te r as i ts
tr a
n s lati on of 01 0d ai ak o c .

Th i pati ula
s r c fi i t ly p
r mib d i ode of death i s n ot de n e r es c r e n

th la f
e w a y f m f adul t y
or n pt th at i h i h a m a
or o er e x ce n w c w o n
‘
b t th d u t a h u ba d i gu ilty
e ro e n o D ut
n ii 2 3 —4 It
s n
’
s s ee e . xx . .

m i gh t h v b i f d f m D u t ii 22 m p a d i th th
ow e er e n err e ro e . xx .
,
co re w e

for e
g i g a
o nd f ll i g vn th at oa m a i dowW m a nm m i tti g er s e , rr e o n co n

adult y a a er l t b k ill d by t i g
w s so o e e s on n .

It i t l ik ly th a
s no t th y h a d a y th ugh t f
e ally t i g th i e n o o re s on n s

w o ma T h y m i gh t
n . t p ut t
e d ath ith u t l av f m thno o e w o e e ro e

R ma g v
o n h
o ul d h adly gi v i t i
e r n or , w u h a a th i
o w o r e n s c c s es s s .

ads ha a ”
f
77 D re bu t w t d os t th ou s y now r

Matth e w fo ur i
t m es re pr e s en ts th e J e w s as try
g i n (A V . .
.

a lw ays ‘
temp ti ng Je s us (xv i 1,. xi x3 .
,
xx ii . 18, Ma
rk th r i ce

( v i ii 1
. 1 ,
x . 2, x ii . L uk e tw i ce ( x . 25, xi .

C f Luk e Vi 7, 571 10 0 1 Ka7 17y opei v 01177 0 17 th at th e y m a fi

'

nd
. . 0
y
w h er e by to ac cu s e h im ,
’
an d Ma tt x i i 1 0, Ma rk. 2 , th at th e y
. iii .

ma acc u s e h i m ’
y .

If h e a n sw e r e d th a
t th ey ou
g h t t o s ton e h e r th ey m
g h t a c c us e i
h i m to Pila te of cou n s eli n g i
d s obe d e n c e to h i s a i
u th or ty , i f th a t i
th ey ough t n ot to s ton e h er th ey m igh t accus e h i m to th e p e opl e of ,

c oun s e lin v i o l a
ti on o f th e l a
g w .

D le a ve s ou t th i s ve s e but r e ads ( 4 ) th u s An d h avin g

’

r , ,

place d h e r i n th e m i ds t th e pr ies ts s ay tryin g h im th at th e y m ay , ,

ha v e acc u sation of h im ( a 7y p 7) T each e &c D h ow 1c 7 1 0

'
1 o1 v
’
d 11 7 0 1 ,
r .
’

e ve r s ta n ds a l o e e c e p t th a t th e r e s a fa
n ,
ir but s till in su ffi cien t
x i ,

a m ou n t o f a u th ori ty for th e a ddi ti on of th e s in gl e w or d tryi n g

‘

in
5 8 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

w r iti n g dow n w ith h is fi n ge r up on th e

g r oun d .

8 . But as the y c on t n i u ed ask i n g h im

he u n b en t an d s ai d to th e m L e t th e T i s n

less fir s t c ast ag ai n st h er th e
on e of
y o u

s ton e An d h a v in g b en t dow n ag ai n h e
.
’

k e p t w r iti n g up on th e gr oun d .

9 But th e y h a. v in g h e ard w en t out

o n e by on e b e g i n n i n g fr om th e e l de r on e s
, ,

an d Je su s w as l e ft al on e an d th e w o m an i n ,

th e m d s t i .

10 . h av in g u n b e n t s ai d to
A n d Je s u s
h er i M i s tre s s w h e re a re th ey ? Ha,
th
n on e c on de m n e d th e e ?

11 . An d ai d N on e § s i r
Sh e s
‘
An d ,
.
’

Je s u s s ai d N e i th e r [I w i ll I c on de m n th e e
g o, an d from thi s i
t me no lon g e r
Or dr a
w i n
g ,
’
a
n o th e r m e a
n i g n of Ic T a aypdg
'
bs w .

7 P e rh a
ps w i
th r e fe r en ce to th e s pecial si n in q ue s ti on ; s ee

a
bo v e
Th e pe rs on to be s ton e d w a
s th r ow n d o w n by o n e of th e tw o

i
c h ef w it n esses fr om an e r e c tio n of tw i c e th e h e gh t o f i am a
n . If
he was k ille d by th e fall th e ac tual s to n in g
,
w a s O m i tte d If n ot .
,

afte r h e h ad be en tu rn e d on h i s back th e o th er c h i e f w itn e s s dash e d

as ton e on to h i s bre a st a n d i f th i s d i d n o t k ill h i m th e r e s t of th e
,

by s ta n de r s s ton e d h i m S o th i s pun i sh m e n t i s d e s c ribe d i n th e

.

Ta lm u d S an h ed vi 4
, . . .

i Pin ( 1 1 a ter m of c o ur te sy u s e d 5 tim e s by Joh n tw i c e by

/
, , ,

Luk e a ,
n d on ce b
y M a tt h e w .

T h i s or m a ‘
i s of c our s e th e n a tu ra l r en derin g of x tpi e
’
s te r ,

th e c om m on N T form of d e fe r en tia
. . l addre s s u s e d by s er van ts to ,

th e ir m a s te r s
( M a tt x iii 2 7 x v ii
.i 2 6 x x v
. 2 0 22 ,
2 4 L u k e x iii 8.
,
.
, , ,
.
,

x iv 2 2 x i x 1 6 18 20
.
,
.
, , s on s to th e ir fa
,
th ers ( Ma tt x x i . .

th e Je w i s h l e a de r s to Pila te ( Ma tt x x v ii s tr an er s to Ph ili p
g . .

( J o h n x ii . a n d M a r y o f M ag d a l a to a g a r d e n er
( J o h n xx .

I] Th e di ff e r e n c e i n t h e G r e e k b e t w e e n d o I c o n d e m n a n d ’

w ill I c on de m n i s m er e ly on e of a c c e n t—Ka an d Kar aicpw i?) '

7 a l p 1 w
c
1 /

—an d th e gre at m aj ority of M S S dur in g th e fi r s t fe w cen turie s .

w e r e w r i tte n w i th o u t a c c e n ts Bu t a s fa r a s MSS a .n d v e r s i on s
,
.

ar e of av a il i n s u ch a c as e h alf th e un cials a large n um ber o f , ,

c u r s iv e s a n d th e O l d La tin a n d V ul a t e fa v ou r th e fu tu r e w h i ch ,
, g ,

fa n c in i t a l i ttl th e b t te r I th er efor a d opt

y g e e ,
.
 Matt . x x ii i .
35 , xx v .
—
14 30 .
59

17 2 3 . Matt . xx iii . 35 . Z ach a

rias son of Jo i ada .

Luk e x i 51
. .

( Naza
r en e )

M att T h e Gosp el w h i ch com es to us i n Hebr ew

0

24 . . xx v . 1 4_
30 ch arac ter s h as di r ec ted th e th r eat n ot agai nst
—
°

Luk e x ix . 11 27 .

QT Je r om e , Comm i n Matt x x iii 3 5 , In Eva n e li o q u o utun tur

g . . .

Na zaren i ro fi li o B ra
a c h i a
e fil i um Ioi a d e r e p e ri m u s s cr ip tum
a
p
In th e Gos p el w h i ch th e Na s on O f Joi a da
“
za
r e n e s u s e we fi nd

w r itt en for s on of Ba
rach ia s .
”

No Z ach ar ias s on of ra
Ba ch ia s i s k n ow n e x ce pt th e m i n or

pr oph et of th at n am e . Th ere i s no Je w i h t aditi

s r on th a
t he d i ed

a v i ole n t de ath a nd ,
th e r e is n ot th e sligh t t d es oub t th a
t th e
aria iada
‘
pe r s on r e fe r r e d to i s th e Z e ch h th e s on of J eh o
’
of

2 Ch r on . xx iv . 2 0, 2 1 , w ho ac tually w as s ton e d i n th e c ou r t of

th e p ie s ts
r ,
betw e en th e a
l tar of bu r n t o ffe r n gsi an d th e T e m ple
it l f
se ,
an d w h o s e death fo rm s th e j
s ub e c t of on e of th e w il d est

Ta
lm ud i l
c e
ge n ds . As th e m ur d er of A be l c om e s fi rs t i n th e O ld
T e s tam en t so arr a
i n th e J e w
g i
n e m e n t o f th e book s th e m ur de r ofsh

th e s on of Je h oi a dac a m e la st .

T h e w or d s s on of Ba ra ch ia s i n Ma tt x x iii a r e in d ee d l e ft out . .

by N a n d Eus e bi u s b ut a r e k e pt b V A C D t h e La t i n v e r s i on s th e
y , , ,

T h e ba ic th e Pes h ittaby Ir e n aeu s an d by O rige n th e Cure ton i an

, , ,

S y ri a c w h i c h i s d e fi c i en t h e r e p r oba
, bly c on ta in ed th em al s o for i t , ,

ad ds th e m to Luk e x i 5 1 T h us th e tes tim on y both of n um ber s . .

a nd a n ti qu i ty c om p e l s u s to k e e p th e w or d s a n d to a c c o un t for ,

th e m a s be s t w e c a n .

It i s n e x t to im p os sibl e th a t th e or i gi n a l r e adi n g w as s i m ply

Z a ch a ria u th o r i ty p r e v i o u s t o th e 4 th o m i ts th e
‘
NO a
’
s . c en t .

s on of Ba ra ch i a A n d th e n a me Z a ch a r ia of i ts e lf s o
w o r ds
‘ ’
s s .

na tur a lly s ugges ts th e m in or pr oph e t th at ac opyi s t w h o belie ve d

h i m to b e th e p e r s on i n ten d e d w oul d s c a r c ely th in k i t n e e dful to
in di cate h i m m or e cl os ely by addi n g s on of Barach ias .
’

O n th e o th e r h a n d i t s e e m s m os t im pr oba bl e th a t th is gl a r in
g
m i s ta k e s h oul d be du e to th e Je w is h w ri ter h i m s el f .

I belie v e th at th e Gosp el accor din g to th e Hebr ew s h as k ept th e

or igi n a l r e adin g an d th at th e p as sage pas s e d th r ou gh th r e e
,

diffe r e n t fo r m s Z a ch a ri a s s on of J e h oi a da — s o th e origin a l;
( )
2 Z a c h a ri as s on of B a r a c h i as — s o a v e ry e a r ly c o py i s t ( o r th e

tr a n sla tor i f th e Gr e e k Ma tth e w be a tr a n sl a ti on ) k n o w i n g o n ly ,

th e m in or p r oph e t a n d c or r e cti n a s h e th o u gh t th e m i s ta k e ;
g , , ,

( )
3 Z a c h ar i as b y i ts e l f— s o s o m e l a t e r c o p y i s t s c o r r ectin
g th e rea l ,

m i s ta k e of N O 2 . .

Eu s ebius T h eop h a n i a th e
( , G r ee k f ra m e n ts i n Mi u e s
g g
’
60 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H e br ew s .

th e h i der , bu t agai n s t th e
aband on ed li v er "
.

For i t h a s i n c lu ded th r ee s erv a n ts on e ,

T w h i ch d ev our ed th e s u bs tan ce w i th h arlo ts

an d flu te-w om en , and on e w h i ch m u ltip li ed,
an d on e w h i ch h i d th e talen t th en th at on e
w a s Ia ccep ted, on e on ly bla m ed, a n d on e s h u t

§ 5
2 . Matt . xx v i . 17, 1 . Wh ere w ilt th ou th at w e p re
18'
p ar e for th e e th e p as sov e r to e at ?
Ma
rk x 1v 12
Hav e I de s i re d w i th d e s i re to
.

2
.

Luk e ii 15
.

fle s h th e p a
xx . .

( Eboni te .
) e a
t th i s s s o v e r w i th y ou

ed iti on o f Eus eb iu i v s, a
x p a xr fio w
p T o f i g {7d 5x0 1!

a a
.

Ebay y é h zo v T h u d rrah fi v o i} Ka r ? d rrop tbar r o g 571 57e

f or
- dh h d Kar '

7 01
'
7 d o ctr w g é Z nKoT o g T pe g y p
t B o th o v g w e i
p x ,
te e f or
lat-
i v
. Kar a b
g ya'
é rr a
’'
a '

ib m pfw y a r d 7ro v 63 v Ka i a b h r i dw v , r o w 58 w oh h a wh a m d om ra
“
p n p ,
‘
7 6V 38 Ka ra ib a w a T o T dh a el r a f o e r dw o be flfi va t To 5 5
p
'
v ro v r
p x ,
r

be fi va o o 3 5 h e w flfi va t de o w r n tt)
p pg
e
p w y o x
p p z
i ( T v /
, y .

r od i a
‘
9"
Of (
. Luk P g l S o n , Z d w d o wr ag
) e xv i n . 14 of th e
'

aba n d on e d l v n
g
’
W e ca i i
n n o t te ll h ow fa r Eus e b us i s s u m m a
. r z n
g i ii
th e pa ra bl e i n lan u a e o f hi s o w n or h ow fa r he ha s k ept a n of
g g y
th e ph ras e s of th e or igi al n .

1 C f Lu k e
”
.
( f th e P r o d ga l S on , 6 Ka
) XV r afia
q y é v
. o o 30
v T o) ! o i '

fi
’
ro y
p er t: w o min z
p w h c h h ath d e v o ur ed th
y l'
v n
g w th h a r l ots
’
i i i i .

1 O r
‘
r e ce v e d — i
a ph r as e c o m m on i n Matt an d Luk e, bu t .

rti cu l a
a rl Lu k e
p y .

Ep ip h a n i us , Haer xx x 2 2 , Kai {w otno av p 5 1» . . T on

-
g p o em 2
19

h é y o w ag Hofz Gé h ag tr o zp do w p é i/ 0 0 : n } w d o xa pay ei v ; Kai airf oil

' ‘ ’

‘ ‘
3 77 9 5 3 h é y o r r a M r; $37 t q tw eet/ ” a o d a a
'
! '
no n K
pé g 7 0 7
1 7 0 T u o
x b '
q y e i u

p sfl
’
th e y An d th e y h av e m ade th e d i i pl
sc es s a
y Wh e re w ilt
th ou th at w e p epare
r for th e e to at th e p a
e s s o v er ? an d h i m to
”

s a
y
“
Hav e I des i red w ith d e s ir e to e at th i s fl es h th e p a
s s ov e r w i th

y ou ? Ep ip h an iu s p r o c e e ds ,
’
A rri TO D a
y p f lfl fil ) ’
'
’
E7rt @ v p t g
'

Ew e ebp no a 7 6 M 7) tu t/ iri n a
n oaé fl 58 é m 'ypdgl/ aw
A t r ol o
y p ev ro eg T

av r ou
Kp é ag E g é u h o wno ar , abco v py fi oa
fi Ka
-
i s in (i r r e g M r) £7r
’
v r eg . 85 0 .

For n s te ad of s a i y gn
“
I h a v e d es re d i i ith
w de s i re th e y h av e
add e d th e adv er b p) i But th ey , vi g i
ha n n tr o d u c e d th e w or d

Fles h , d e c e i v e d th e m s e lv e s an d fr au du l e n tly s a
id “
Hav e I d es i re d
’”
& c ?H . See al so A dden da .

Th e fi rst q u e s tion Wh er e w ilt th ou & c ? i s th e s am e w ith th at

,
.

in Ma
tt . xx vi . 17 . T h e s ec on d Ha
‘
v e I d e s ir e d & c ? i s v e ry n ear
, .

t o Luk e xx ii . 1 5, ‘
With des i e I h av e d e si re d to eat th is pas s over
r
 62 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H ebr e w s .

*
28 .Matt x x v . u . 51 . Th e l i n te l of th e T e m pl e , o
f i m m en s e
Mark “ 38 s i z e, w as brok en an d fell dow n
3 .

Luk X x il i 4 5

a
e . .

(Naz rene )
$ 9
2 . Matt . xxv iii . 1 . An d w hen th e Lor d h ad g i ve n h is
( Naz arene
)
th e for m e r , but L gh tfo ot i n h i s Hor ae He bra i cae i quote s fro m th e
T am u d s R abbi N a
l th an Ba rabba , Rabbi S am u el B aabba a d A bba
r ,
n

B aa r b b a — th e n am e A bba Fa th e r be i n g u s e d as atitl e o f S pi ri tu a
l
tt x x iii 9 ca ll n o m an your fath e r up on th e
‘
r e v e r e n c e ( of M a . . .
,

ea r th lik e Padr e Per e , Fath er an d th e s on of s u ch a r e v e re n d

, ,

p er s on bein g s om etim e s s urn am e d Bar A bba s on of th e Fath e r

‘
.
’

In th e N T th er e i s . . auth ority fo r th e double d r but th e

n ex t to no ,

Hark le a n S r ia c ( 5 th c e n t ) h a s i t i n Ma tt e l s ew h ere
) a n d it is
y . .

th e for m fo un d i n th e A ctaP i la ti .

Be th e s e th in gs a s th e y m a y th e r e i s n o doubt th a t th e n a me ,

Ba ra bba w a s ri h tly tr e a t ed in th e G os p e l a c c o r d in t th
s g g o e

He bre w s as am er e sur n a m e n or h a ve I a n
y d oubt th a t t h e re a di
, n
g
Je s u s Ba ra bba i n Ma tt x x v u 1 6, 1 7 , s upplie s h i s r e a l c ir c um
’
s . .

-
c i s i on n a me a n d I h op e to s a
,
ti s fy th os e w h o c a r e to p ur s u e th i s

p oin t i n App endi x G D oe s i t n ot s e e m lik ely th at th e Gos p e l .

ac c or din g to th e He bre w s i f i t e x pla i n e d th i s m an s s urn am e als o ’

, ,

a v e h i s c ir c u ci i na
m s o n - me
g
Je r om e Com m i n M att x x v u 5 1 , In Ev a n eli o c uius s a
,
.
g e pe. .

fe c i m u s m e n ti on e m s u pe rl i m i n a r e T e m pl i i n fi n i ta e ma n i tud i n i s
, g
fr a c tum e s s e a tq u e d i v i s um l egi m u s In th e Go s p el of w h i ch w e
ha v e often m ade m e n tion w e r e ad th at th e lin te l of th e Te m ple ,

o f i n fi n i te s i z e w a s br ok en a n d S pli n te r e d Aga i n ( Ad Hedgb ’

.
, .

In Eva n el i o a u te m q u o d He b r a i c i s li tte r i s s c rip tum est

g
l e gi m u s n on v e l um T e m pli s ci s s u m s e d s up e r li m in a re T e m pl i
m ira e ma n i tu di n i s c o rr ui s s e I n th e Go s p el h ow e v e r w h ic h i s
g , ,

w ri tte n i n He br e w l e tte r s w e r e a d n o t th a t th e v e i l of th e T e m pl e
w a s r e n t bu t th a t th e l i n te l of th e T e m pl e o f w on dr ou s s iz e fe ll
’
do w n .

Th e ly p ar tic ul a w o d o f w h i c h w e c an b e abs olu te ly c e tain

on r r s r

‘l i W h e th e th e li n te l o f th e T e m pl e i ts e l f
aer n te l o f th e T e m pl e r

o r l i
a n te o o l f e o f th e g at e w ay s o f t h e
n T e m p l e -c o u ts b ut t h e r ,

fo m e r i s th e m o e n a
r tu a l in fe e n c e f om th e e p e s s i on
r r r r x r .

i J s
e o m e C a ta
r l S c ip t E col
, ( u n de . E v an
gerl i u m . . r

qu oqu e qu od ap pellatu s e c un du m He b ae os p os t e s u
r r
’
r r

r ec ti o n e m lv a
Sa to r i s r e fe r t I
( ) D om i nus au tem gu u m d ed is s e t s i n
don em s u um s er v o s acerd oti s iv i t ad Iacobum app a
etru i t ci
( )
2 .

Iur av er at en i m Iaoobus se n on oom es tur um

p an em a b i l la h or agu a
bi ber a ali cem Dom i n i a
'

t c donec v i d ere t eum res u r en tem

g m or tu i s .
 M att . x x v ii .
5 I x x v ii i . 63

Rur s us que p a
p os t ul ul um ( 3 ) A fi er te ai t D o m i n us m e n sa m e t , ,

p a n em . S t at i m q u e a d d i tur ( 4 ) Tu li t p a n em e t ben edi x i t a

f g
c re i t e t

ra ter m i com ede p a

‘
os t dedi t Ia cobo Ius to e t di x i t ci F n e m tuum
p , ,

q u i a res urr ecci t Fi li us Hom i n i s a d orm i en ti bus T h e Gosp el a ls o

’

w h i ch i s ca lle d ac c or din g to th e He bre w s

“ ”
a fte r th e r e s u r
i
r e c t on of th e S a o v i u e l a
te s ( )
1 A n d — fr o m th e d ea d A n d a a i n
r r
g .

a fter alittle Bri n g s a ith th e Lor d a table an d bread An d i m

, , .

m e di a tely i t i s a dd e d He took up — th em th a t s leep .

’

In th e N T th er e i s n o m e n ti on of a
. . n a pp earan c e to Jam es
e x c ep t i n 1 C or x v 7 w h e re h a
. . ving alr e ady m e n tio n e d ap pear an c e s
, ,

to K e ph a s to,
th e T w e lv e an d to 5 00 br e th r e n Paul s a
,
’

y s ,
‘
T h en w a s h e s e e n by Ja m e s th e n by a l l th e A p o s tle s n cr a
’ "

, ( E
-
itae rr or 7 0 7 g
dipfl g . w dow
) ‘
.

T h ere c a n b e n o d oubt th a t th i s Ja m es w a s n o t th e s on of

Z ebe de e ( w h om Pa u l n e v e r m e n ti on s a nd w h o h a d be e n d e a d ma ny

ye ar s ) but Jam e s ( Gal ii 9 13 ) bi s h op of Jer u s al e m c alle d al s o

. .
, ,
‘
Ja m e s th e L or d s br o th e r ( Ga l i T h e w or d s th e n by a
‘
’ ’
. . ll
th e A p os tl e s d o n ot i m ply th a t th i s J a m es w a s on e of th e Tw e lv e ,

bu t o n ly th a t he w a s a n Ap o s tl e ( a s h e is a l s o s tyl e d i n Gal i 1 9 ) . .

-a m uch w i de r title gi v en i n th e N T to P aul Ba ,

rn a ba s an d . .
, ,

app a r e n tly ( R om x v i 7 ) to A n d r on i c us a n d J u n ia s : s e e Bi s h o
. .
p
Ligh tfo ot s ex c ur s u s T h e n a me a n d o ffi ce of a n Ap os tl e
’
E
( p to .

th e Galati ans,

T h e Go s p e l ac cor di n g to th e He bre w s c e rt inly

a su
g ges t s th a
t
th e ppe aran c e
a to Ja m es w as earl i e r th a
n o th e r s to w h i ch Paul

gi v es th e p iori ty
r : s uch i
d ffe r e n c e i n th e c h r on o o l gic al o r de r of

i id
nc e n ts is c omam on g th e N T w riter s T h e r e i s s e e m in gly
m on . . .

n o o th e r tra diti on o f a n a pp ear an ce to Jam e s .

M Nic ol a
. s a n d M r Ba r in
g G o ul d
g i v e
. r e fe r e n c e s fo r th e tr a d i
tion to Gre gory o f T our s ( la tte r p a r t o f 6th to th e Hi s tor i a e

Ap os toli ca e of p s e u d o - Abdia s ( 6th c e n t bu t ba s e d to s o m e e x te n t .

,

at l e as t o n l e ge n d s q ui te as e arly as th e 4 th an d to th e
Lege n d aA u r eaof Ja c obu s d e V o r a g i ne .

Gr e gory of T our s ( Hi s t Fr a n c oru m i 2 1 ) w r ite s Ja

‘
. m e s th e .

Ap o s tl e i s s a i d w h en h e h ad s e en th e Lord n o w dead o n th e c ro s s
, ,

to h a v e calle d t o w itn e s s an d s w or n th at h e w o uld n ev e r eat br e ad

u n l e s s h e b eh el d th e L or d r i s i n g a g ai n A t l a s t o n th e th i r d d a
y .

th e Lor d r e tur n i n g w ith triu m p h fro m th e s p oil o f T a

,
r ta ru s s h o w ,

i n g h im s e lf to Ja m es sa i th Ris e Jam es eat fo r n ow I am ri s e n

“
, , ,

fr o m th e de a T h is i s Ja
”
d . m e s th e J u s t w h o m th ey s tyl e th e ,

br o th e r of th e L or d be c a use h e w a , s th e s on of J os e ph bor n o f ,

an o th e r w ife ( Fe rt ur Iac c h u s Ap os tol us c u m D om i n um i a m ,

m o r tuu m v i di s s e t i n c r u ce d e te s ta tum e s s e a tq ue i ur a
, s s e n um u a
q m
s e c o m e s tu r um p a n e m n i s i D o m i n u m c e r n e re t r e s u r e n te m T ti a
g e r .
64 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebrew s .

d e m um d ie ato T a
r e di e n s r tar o cu m trium p h o
D o m in u s , s p ol i ,

Ia cob o s e o s te n d e n s ai t S ur ge Iac obe c om e de quia i a

‘
m a , ,

Hi c e s t Iac obus Iu s tu s q ue m fr a tr e m D o m in i
’
m or tui s r e s u r r ex i .
,

n u n cu a nt r o c c q u o d Io s e h fuer it fi l i us ex a l ia u x or e
p p , p p r o ,

g e n i tu s
) .

rin
Mr Ba Go ul d ( Los t an d Hos ti le Gos e ls 1 5 0) a th a
t
g .
p , s y s

Gr e gor y ‘
no do ubt dr e w
’
i t, th e s tor y ,
‘
fr om S t J e ro m e
. .
’
Th i s

c a
n on l
y b e on th e su ppo s ition th at Gr e gor y qu ote d v e y r ough ly r

fr om m em or y for th e w or ds attribute d
,
to Je s u s diffe c o n s i de rably r
,

w h il e Gr e gor y p la
in ly s ays th at Jam es to ok th i s oa th a fte r s e ei n g
J e s u s de ad on th e cros s .

Th e s o -c a ( H
ll e d i s t A bd
A p o s t via
i s 1 ) m a k e s
. J am e s t h e . .

br o th er of S i m o n th e C a na na ea n a J u da s o f Ja
’
nd m es O f th e s e .

th r e e br oth e r s h e s a ys Jam e s th e you n ger w as at all ti m e s

‘

a
, ,

S p e ci al ly d e a r to C h r i s t t h e Sa vi ou r an d b urn t w ith s o gr e at ,

ye arn in g to w ar d h i s m as ter l n r e tur n th at w h e n He w as cru cifi e d

h e w o ul d n ot ta k e fo o d be for e th a t h e sa w Hi m r is in f ro m t h
g e

de a d w h i c h h e m in de d to h a
,
v e be en for e told to h i m an d h i s
br e th r e n by C h r i s t w h e n He w a s s ti ll a m on g th e livin g Wh e r e for .

He c h o s e to a pp e ar to h i m fir s t of al l as als o to M ary of Magd al a ,

an d Pe te r th at He m igh t s tr e n gth e n Hi s di s cipl e i n fai th ; an d

, ,

th a t h e m i gh t n ot be a r lo n
g h u n e r w h e n ah on e y c om b w a
g s o ffe r e d
,

Hi m He in v ite d J am e s lik e w i s e to e at i t
, ( Q u oru m m in or n atu
Iac c h u s C h r i s to S alv ator i in pr im i s s e m p e r d ile c tus tan to r urs u s
d e si d e r i o i n m a g i s tru m fi a g ra b a t u t c ru c i fixo e o c i bu m c a p e re

n olu e r i t
p r i us u a
q m a m or t ai s r e s u r e n te m v i d e r e t q u o d m e m i n e r a
g t ,

s ibi e t fra tr ibu s aCh r i s to a g e n te i n v i v i s fui s s e

p ra e d i c tu m Q u a r e ci .

p r im um om n ium u t e t Mar iae Magdal en ae e t Pe tr o appar er e v olu i t

u t d i s c i pu l u m i n fi de c on fir m a r e t : e t n e di u ti n u m i e i un i u m tol e r ,

ar e t fav o m elli s o bl a
,
to a d c om e den du m i n s up e r Ia c obu m i n v ita v i t)
, .

Mr Ba r in G u l d s tra n s la i o n of th i s p a s s a e i s v er a
’
.
g o t g y f r fr om

ac cu r ate b ut, as h e giv e s n ei th e r th e o ri gin al n or ar e fe r en c e i t

, ,

ma y b e b orr ow e d
‘
A b d i as a
.
g re e s w i th G r e or
g
’
y i n d a t i n
g
Ja m e s s oa th fr om th e c ru cifi x ion bu t u n l e s s h e i s u n c o n s c i o us ly
’
, ,

bl e n d i g n th s s tor i
w th L uk e x x v 4 y
2 ,
th i
e s ub s t tu t o n of th e i . i i
h on e y c o m b s h ow s th a
t h e d re w h i s a c c ou n t fr o m s om e o th er

u n k n o w n s ou r c e .

Jacobu s d e V or a g ne
( g
L e en da Aur e a, l x v n
) te llis th e s t o r y .

th u s A n d o n P r e p ar at o n -day , after th e L o rd w a s d e adi, a s

s aith an d Je r o m e i n th e book Cf I llu s tri ous Itl en J am es

J o s e ph u s ,

v o w e d av ow th a t h e w o ul d n o t e at u n til h e s a w th e Lo r d to h a ve
r i s e n fr o m th e de ad B ut on th e v e ry da y of th e r e s urr e ction
.
,

w h en u to th a t da J a m es h a d n o t tas te d fo o d th e L or d a pp e are d
y
a
p ,

to th e s a m e Ja m es nd sa id to th e m th at w e re w ith h i m S et a ‘
 M att
‘

. xx viii . 65

l in en cl oth tq th e Ts er v an t of th e p r i e s t
ta
b le an d br ead, th en ta kin g th e bread h e ble s s e d an d gav e to .

Ja m e s th e Ju s t, s a
y ng R i i se , m y br o th e r , eat fo r th e S on of M an

i
i s r s en fro m th e d e a d
”
( In Pa
ras c e n e aute m m or tu o D om in o
, ,

s i c ut d i itc Ios eph us et Hie r on ym us in libr o D e Vi ri s Illustr i bus ,

Iacobu s v otum v it se n on c om e s tu r u m d on ec v id e re t D om i n um

am ortui s aa
s urr e x i s s e . In ip
ute m di e r e s u rr e c ti o n i s c u m u s qu e
s ,

i n die m il la m Ia c c h u s n on gu s ta s s e t c ib um e i de m D om i n u s a
p ,

ar u it a c e i s qu i c u m e o e r a n t di x i t Po n i te m e n s a m e t pa
’
n em
p ,

d e i n de p a n em ac ci pi e n s be n e di x i t e t d e dit Iac obo In s to di c e n s ,

S ur ge fra te r m i c om e de ; qui aFiliu s Hom i n is am or tu i s s urr e x i t

’
.
, ,

Gra
’
- e s se s te x t ,

Mr Ba rin G o ul d te ll s u s th a t t h i s s to ry p a s s e d i n to th e w or k
.
g
of D e V or a gi n e fro m th a t of Gr e ory o f T o u rs
g B u t h e g i v es .

n e ith e r or i gi n a l n or tran slati on of Gre gory or D e V or agin e an d to ,

th e l a tte r n o t e v en a r e fe r e n c e ; i t i s v e ry d o u b tfu l th e r e for , ,

w h e th e r h e h a d re a d e i th e r a c c o un t in ly h e h ad n o t r e ad bo th
c e rt a ,

o r h e w o ul d h a v e s ee n th at D e V or agin e c an n o t p os s ibly h av e
c o pi e d Gr e gory ( i ) be ca us e h i s a. c c ou n t i s full e r a n d n ea r er to
J e r om e ; ( ii ) be c a us e h e sa
.
y s th at t h e s tor
y i s fo un d i n th e D e Vi r i s

Illus tr zbus of J e r om e , w h om Gr e gory do e s n ot m en t i on .

Th e ll us ion
a as on e o f th e au th or itie s for th e
to
‘
Jo s e ph u s
’

s tory i s c a pable of dou ble e x plan ation T h e h istori an Jo s eph us .

actua lly doe s m e ntion th e death of Jam es th e Jus t an d th is m ay ,

be s im ply a s h ot on th e p a r t o f D e V or a i n e
‘ ’
g B u t t h e p e r s o n .

i n te n ded m ay be th e 2 md c e nt Ch ris tian w r ite r He ge s ippus T h e . .

na m e He g e s i pu s w a s in h i s ca se a s in m a n o th e r s m e r e ly a
p y
Gr a e ci z e d fo rm of h i s o ri gi n a l n am e Jo s eph an d th e tw o n am es ,

w e r e p os s ibly i n te r ch a n e d to s om e e x te n t a
g s i n th e ti m e of D e ,

V or a g in e h i m s el f th er e w a s c u rr e n t u n d e r th e n a m e of E gesi pp us

afre e v er s i on o f p a r t o f Jos e h us s J e w i s h Wa r w i th a ition s fro m

’
p d d
h i s An ti quitie s a n d o th e r s o u r ce s N ow w e k n ow th a t Heges ip p us .

w r ote la r ge ly a bou t J a m e s th e J u s t a n d h i s Me m oi r s w e r e s till i n ,

e x i s te n c e a t l east a s la te a s th e 6th c e n t It i s th e m e r e pr oba bl e .

th a t -h i s a c cou n t of J a m e s di d in cl u de th is s tory bec a us e w e h a ve

alr e ady s e en th a t h e u s e d th e Go s pe l a c c or din t th H b
g o e e r ew s .

T h e c o n c u r r en c e of D e V o r a g i n e w ith Gr e or y i n th e i n s e rti o n o f
g
th e w o rd i ‘
R se
’
s ee m s to poin t to th e i
e x s te n c e of s om e o th e r

auth or ity b id es es J e r om e .

‘
li M a l i y as
’
Th ( e tt ) i
n e n c oth
xx vu 59 n . . wh ch th e bod w

w ppe d by Jos eph of A rim ath ae a

ra .

1
~
Th e s er van t of th e h i gh p ies t —n ot a s er v an t as th e A V
r . .

i s i t— i s i tt X x v i 51 Ma
fi

t w ce ha ~

m en t on e d i n Ma rk x i v 4 7 Luk e
. .
, .
,

F
66 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

he w ent to *
Jam es an d app e are d u n to
h im .

2 . For J am es had Ts w orn th a t he

w o uld n ot e at b r e ad fr om th at h o u r w h e re l n
i h e h ad d r u n k t h e c u p o f th e L o r d u n ti l
h e sa w h i m risi n g a g ai n from th e d e ad .

3 . Br in g ata bl e an d br ead .
’

4 .
[ A n d 9 ] h e to o k up th e b re a d

xxu . 5 0, Joh n He h ad h e lp e d i n th e s ei z ur e of Je s u s
xvm . 10 .
,

an d h ad h ad h i s r igh t e a r c u t off w i th a s w or d b
y S i m on Pe te r ,

bu t tou ch e d a l e d by J e s u s : h i s n a
n d h ea me w a s Ma lc h u s i e , . .

Ma l u ch O n e m u s t gu e s s i n th e a
. bs en c e of c on te x t th a t he ha d
b e e n e n tru s te d w ith th e s etti n g o f th e w a tc h ( m en tion e d by
Ma tt on ly ) o v e r th e tom b h a
. d be e n w itn e s s to s o m e of th e ,

ph ae n om en aof th e r e surr e ction an d h ad th row n h im s elf at th e fe e t ,

of Je s us .

T h i s m en t i on of Jam e s th e L or d
’
s an y th i n
br o th e r
g w ith out

to d i tis n
gu sh i h i m fr om Ja m e s th e s on o f Z e be d e e s h ow s th a t th i s
p as s age m us t h ave be e n w r i tte n a
f ter th e m a r ty r d o m o f th e l atte r ,

A D . . 44 .

1 C f th e
“
. o a
th of m or e th a
n 4 0 m en ne ith er to e a
t n or dr i nk

till th y h ad k ill d Pa l ( A t iii

e e u
’
c s xx .

1 A d i g t th i a
c cord i g Jam a n i th a od th am s re n es w s e er on e n e s e

w i th Jam th f Alph aues l th Lat S upp

e s on a o t e s or e se e s er w s no

c on fi d t th T lv
ne o e w e e .

T h fi t u pp iti
e a d rs ith th Hi y m ia th y a
s os on c c or s w e e ron n eo r s

t th d g
o e f la ti eb t Jam
re e o a d J u bu t th a
re t th on
y e w ee n es n es s e or ,

ap at f m i t
r t m roi m p bability i s t k t ha
ex re b e ro ,
s no n ow n o ve e en

h e l d by a y n on e w h om s o e v er be fo re 3 8 2—3 A D . .
,
w h en J e r om e
advan c e d i t .

O f th e s e con d su pp os ition w e c an on ly s ay th at it is n ot ab
s olu te ly con tr ate m en t i n M att x x v i 20
ad icted by th e st . . th at
Je s us s a w ith th e T w e l v e an d i n Lu k e x x 1 4 ’
t d ow n , . th e
Apo s tle s i s n o w r e c ogn i se d as th e tr u e re ad in g an d n ot th e tw e lve
Ap o s tl e s
’
.

Theath o f Jam e s r e ads as i f s ugges te d by th e d e cla

o ra ti on o f
J e s u s th a t h e w o ul d d rin k n o m o re of th e fr ui t o f th e v i n e till h e
dra n k i t w i th th e m i n th e k in gd o m of Go d Jam e s m i gh t n ot ta ke .

th e s a m e oa th be c a u s e J e s us ba d e th e r e s t dr in k th e c up : bu t h e
m i gh t ta ke a n oa th a ga i n st e a
ti n
g bre ad b e c aus e th e br e ad o f th e

La st Su er h a d al re a d y b een ea te n
pp .

Bi s h o p Ligh tfoo t r e a ds w h e re in th e L or d h a d dr un k th e c up
 M att . x x v ii i . 67

i . e . D om i n us for D o mi n i . He s a
ys ( Ep . to th e Galati an s , 2 66
)
din g
a i as tr a lation
”
I h av e adopte d th e re D om n us, th e Gr e ek ns

ha s Kbpro g, an d it a l s o s u ts th e c on tex t be tte r ; for th e p o n t o f i i

i
t m e w h c h w e s h o ul d n a i
tur ally e x p e c t i s n ot th e n s t tut on of th e i i i
ri s t
a de a O ur Lor d h ad m or e th a
’
e u ch but th e Lor d s th . n on c e

s p ok e n of Hi s s u ffe r n gs i u n de r th e mag i
e of d r an n
g th e cu
p i i
( M a
tt . xx . 22, 23 , xxv i . 3 9 , 4 2 , Ma
rk x . 3 8 , 3 9, x v i . 3 6, Luk e xx ii . 42
- p M ar t P oly c 1 4 i v ) an d h e is
’ '

c om . . .
,
w or n c
pp r o ii X pw r o i; o ov
'
;
re p r e s e n te d as u s ngi th i s m e ta h p or h er e .
"
He th i nk s it pr obable
‘
th at a tr an s c r i be r of J e r om e c ar el e s s ly w r o te do w n th e fam ili a
r

ph ase r
“
th e c up o f th e L or d .
”

It i s tr u e th at ‘
th e p o in t of t mei w h ich w e s h ou l d n atu ally r

ex pect i s n ot th e i n st ituti o n of th e ari s t but th e Lo r d s d e a

e u ch th
’
,
’

a nd it m i h t h a v e bee n a dd ed th at th e la tter i s th e p oin t o f tim e

g
actually in di c a te d by Gr e gory an d p s e u do -Abdi a s T h ey h ow e v e r .
,

as w e h av e s ee n e ith e r w r o te r ou gh ly from m e m or y o r follo w e d

, ,

s om e o th e r a u th or i ty a nd I h a v e abo v e s ugge s te d h o w th e oath ,

ma b e c on n e c te d w i th th s u p er : a t th e s u pp e r J e s u s s p ok e
y e p
plainl y of h i s appr oac h in g de ath an d at le as t i m m e diate ly afte r ,

i t h e i s r e pr e s e n te d i n Ma tt x x v i 3 2 a s a n n ou n c in
g h i s r es ur . .

r e ct on i .

A gan i w e sh ou ld n ot ex pe c t an h i s tori cal n ar r ativ e to s p eak of

th e d e ath of Je s u s u n de r th e m age i of d r an i i n
g th e c up th i s ma
y
be th e lan guage of p r oph e c y or r a
pt dev o ti on , i t i s n ot n atur al to
h i s tor y . In th e N T th e m e ta
ph or i s . . on ly u se d by J e s u s h m s elf, i
an d by h i m o n o n t w o oc c as on s ly i .

can ha ly m e an th e cup ri s t
a
‘ ’ ‘ ’
[ O f cou rse th e c u
p rd of th e e uch ,

if w e re ad D om i n us , fo r Ma
tt . xx vi 2 7 —9 Mak x i v
.
,
r .
—
23 5 , an d Luke

ii 1 8—19 p r e s en t Jes us as r e fr ai n in g fr o m i t ; n or a i t be
a
xx . re c n

s tr in ed
a to s ig ify th
an ody n e m ix tu r e n e s to o th e r o ffe r e d to h i m ,

c o n d em n e d pe r s o n s o n th e w a to e x e c u ti o n i n c e Ma t t v ii 34
y s , x x , . .

an d M ark x v 2 3 di s tin c tly s tate th a . t h e r e fu s e d th i s m ix tu r e ]

But i t i s o n te x tu a l groun d s th at I h ave th e m os t c o n fi de n ce i n
r ej e c ti n D om i n us S o fa r a s I ca n di s c o v e r th a t r ea d i i t
g . n
g s n o ,

k n o w n to e x i s t i n a n
y L ati n MS an d i s on ly s upp os e d b
y B i s h o p .
,

L i gh tfoot to h a v e ex is te d at s om e tim e i n s om e M S be c au s e th e .

Gr e e k tr a n s lator h a s 6 Kbp to g in s tead of 7 0 5 Kv pt ov '

But on e n e e d n ot r e a d m u ch of th e Gr e e k tr a n s la

ti o n to s e e th a t ( i ) i t m u st h a ve be e n m ade from a v e ry c orr up t

.

La ti n M S ; or th e tr a
. n sl a to r u n d e r s to o d L a tin v e r y ba dly ;
or ( iii n e v e r l o ok e d tw i c e a n te n c e s h e w a s tr a n sl a tin g
) h e . t th e s e .

O n ly afe w l in e s be for e h e a c tu ally re n d er s ap p ar ai l ci app ear e d , ,

to h i m i e J a m e s by iir o ré e v aim ; op e n e d to h i m a s i f th e La tin

‘

. .
,

ha d bee n a a a a s la ti o n op p o s e d a I ’
p er ui t c i S u c h m n s t r n .
s , ,

F 2
68 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

an d *
bl e s s e d an d br oke an d after w ard
g av e to J am e s th e J us t Ta
nd s aid to h i m
My b r oth er e a t th y b r e ad, for th e S on
,

o f Man i s r i s e n fr om th e m th a t sl ee p
’
.

13 0 .
( Matt . xxv iii ) . A n d, w h en he c am e to §
1
th os e a
b ou t
Luk e xx v .i 3 9, 40 .

Naza
( r ene
)

all k n o w n M S S o f th e o r igi n a l ha s n e x t to n o a u th o ri t y
'
pre s um e ,
to .
,

Le t m e a dd th a t S e duli us S c o tu s w h o fl o u ri s h e d a bo ut th e y e a r ,

8 00 i n an ote o n 1 C or x v 7 s a s th a t th e Ja m e s t h e r e m e n ti o n e d
, y . .

w a s th e s on of Alph a e u s w h o t o ok w i tn e s s th a t h e w ou l d n ot e a t
br e ad FROM T HE S UPPE R O F T HE L ORD u n til h e s a w C h r i s t ri s i n g
again : AS IS READ IN T HE GO SPEL ACCORDING T O T HE HEBREWS I ‘ ’
.

ha ve littl e d oubt th at S e duli u s got th i s n o t m e rely from th e Gos p el

ac c or din g to th e Hebr e w s ( w h ich h ow e ve r w oul d b e q u i te
e n ou h ) b ut fr o m J e r om e h i m s e lf s in c e h e w rote E x la na ti on s of
g , p ,

Jer om e s P r efa ces to th e Gosp e ls aw or k s till e x ta T h e o ri gin a l

’
nt , .

o f th e a bo v e p a s sag e of S e d ul i u s i s A l h a
p e i fili o
q ui s e te s ta ,

tu s e s t a c oe n aD om in i n on c o m e s u r um p a
’

n e m u s ue u o v i de r et
q q
C h ri s tum r e s ur gen te m : S i cut i n Eva n e li o s e c u n d u m Hebr ae os
g
l e gi tu r .

9“
Ble s se d ( as our A V w r on l
n ot
gy it s u pp o s e s i n t h e s i m il a.r .

pas s age s Matt x x vi 2 6 an d Luk e x x iv. but God

. Gra c e s both . .

b efor e a nd a fte r m e a t w e r e e nj oin e d by th e o ra l law : th e w ords of

th e for m e r v ar i e d w ith th e c h a ra c te r o f th e fo o d th o se of th e l a tte r ,

w i th th e n um be r o f th os e pr e s e n t In th e Mi s h n a Bera ch oth vii .

, .
,

3 ma y
,
b e s een m a n y for m s o f
g ra c e a fte r m e a t : t h e y a l l be
g i n

wi th th e w or d s
‘
Le t us ble s s
’
or Bl e s s y e‘
Fr om th e n ote o f .

Ma i m id on es to Ber ach oth , vi . 8 , i t w oul d s e e m th a t th e bl e s s n g i

t be ga
be for e m e a n w i th th e w o r ds Bl es s e d be th ou O Lor d o ur
Go d : th e Mi s h n a ts elf ( Ber ach oth ,
’
i vi . 1 ) tell s us th a
t w h en
th e foo d w as br e ad th e w or ds w h o br i n
ge s t for th br ead fr om th e
e a
r th w er e i n s e r te d .

1 H "
e
g pp
e s i u s ( q uo te d i
by Eus eb u s , Hi s t E ccl 11 2 3 ) s a y s th a t . . .

he w as
‘
na m e d by a ll m e n J us t fr o m th e t m e s o f th e Lor d e v e n to i
GFJQ
’
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H CIO
'
11 77 0 WQ VT M V A l Kfl l OQ “77 0 ro w TOU Kv pto v XPO V WV [ J GXPL
ital imdi r )
a ai
.

I Ign atius ,
Ep . ad S m y r n . c . 3 , TQ M}; y p K
p a
r aw n
‘
d v do r aow

ap xl abr dr oi daKai m o r a ine ti z/ r a Km , o r e 7r og 7 o '

’
w e t I I '
cv o
p p p ou .
er
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nh fl e r ,
5
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l

a
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. t n a
i t m Kai e n lar ev o ar , rpm q
r - / '

For t
no e s ee page 7 3 .
7 0 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

furth er as on s s h o w in g w h y a
re
g a i n s t h i s for m e r opin i on s h e h a
, s ,

ra v e a n d i n cr e a s in d u b t s w h e th e r a f t er a ll th ey a r e n ot th e
g g o , ,

n u in e u tte r a n c e s of I n a i i e lf F a n o te i n Z a
’ ’

g e g t u s h m s rom h n s
.

1 8 7 6 e di tion o f I gn a ti u s I fi n d n ot o n ly th a t h i s ch a m p io n s h i p
o f th e s e Gre e k l e tte r s h a d c o n v er te d c on tin e n ta l opp os ition bu t
th a t o n D e c 1 6 1 8 7 5 Bi s h op Ligh tfo ot s en t h i m al e tte r c on ta
.
, ,
in
i n g th e w ord s sin ce I w r ote th e a r ti cl e o n I n a
g t i u s I ha v e b e e n

m or e a n d m or e i m p r e s s e d w ith th e u n i ty a n d pr i ori ty o f th e s e v e n

Epi s tl e s a s r e p r e s en ti n g th e gen u i n e l n a I e r e for bel i e v e

’
, g ti us th .

th a t I a m n ot goin g too fa r in a s s u m i n g th a t i n th e j u dge m e n t o f

c om p e te n t c ri ti c s th e ge n u in e n e s s of th e Ep i s tl e to S m y r n a ea n s is

a t la s t s e ttl e d .

I n o w c om e to th e w or ds of Ign atius If th e fir s t s en ten c e i s .

to b e r e n d e r e d a s I ha v e r en dere d i t i t i s v ery clu m sy Gr e ek bu t ,

I am oblige d to give u p m y earlier r en der in g For I k n ow an d ,

beli e v e th a t he w a s i n th e fl e s h e v e n a fte r th e r e s urr e c ti on o n

’
,

ac cou n t of th e a n ti - cl i m a x n o t to s a th a t w e s h o ul d h a v e l k e d
y ,
oo

for atr ou a fte r m o r e t w i n s te a d of w h e r e i t i s Both J e r om e ( w h o

'

s e em s n ot to h a v e s ee n a n
y g I na t i an e p i s tl e s b u t t o h a v e m e r e ly
tr a n sla te d fr o m Eu s e bius ) a n d th e tr a n s la to r w h os e full La tin
v e r sion h as c om e dow n to u s s e em to h av e be e n as m u ch pu t out
as I am for th ey both r e n de r For I h ave both s e e n h i m i n th e
,
‘

fl e sh a fter th e r e s urr e cti on a n d be li e v e th a t h e i s [ in w h i ch ,

i n th e a bs en c e o f a n v a ri o u s rea d i n e lde r i s a i m p o s s ibl e

y g n ,

s ol e c i s m Happi ly th is s e n te n ce i s n o p a r t of I n a i q a ’
.
'

g t u s s u o t
ti on .

Th e qu o tation its elf i s dou btful It s e e m s to

e x te n t of th e .

be gin a t th e s e c o n d s e n te n c e by I gn a ti u s s s a i ‘
F ’ ’
y gn n ot ,
or b u t
‘ nd D oe s i t h o e v e r i n clud e th e w or ds c on s tra in e d by h i s
’
A .
,
w
,

fl e sh an d Spi it With Eus e biu s an d T h e odo e t I th in k n ot ; bu t

r r ,

if th i s v ie w b e ri gh t i t i s apity th a t I gn a tiu s d i d n ot be gin an ew

s e n te n c e A ga .in th e r eadin g an d tran slation of th es e las t w or ds
a r e v e y dou btful
r T h e MS h a s th e v e ry s tra
. n e K a
g p .fl é g h a v in
g vre

m i x e d w i th i e c om e i n c on ta c t w ith
‘
h i s fl es h a n d s pi ri t
’ ’
,
. .
( or ,

fle s h an d breath bu t th at i n c o j un c ti on w ith a pfi fjp am us t n

‘
cz w ve

t a
,

al m os t n e c es s aily m e a n S pi i t an d th a
r
p s m 2 m u t m fl e sh a
/r ,
’
nd c s

S p i it or b o dy a n d m in d ( a s w e s h o ul d s a a a v i p a
’
r , y ) i s f o u te h r s e r

w i th I i ea i
‘
a t u s) V o ss d s a 9 é c on s t a
r ned b h i s fl h
g n
p 1. g y K e
r1 s v rs r

an d s pi i t an d th is w as cl e arly th e r e adin g o r c onj e c tu e o f th e

r ,
’
,
r ,

La ti n t a sla
‘
Th e ea din g o r c on
’
r to w ho
n e n de s c o n v i c ti
r, r r . r .

c tu e w h i ch i s a h o o t of th e A m e n i a n v e s i on w a l a ly
j e r t t e r s c e r /
r r

Xpnfl é v r eg an d atp an fo r
'
,
ah n gi v e s i ts r e n de rin gs as S a
Z cr a c e n a
‘

an d ai juan : to th e S y r iac tr an slato r fr om w h o m th e A r m en i a

’ '
u si n

v e r s i on w a s ma pas s age m e an t usi n g h i s fl e sh an d blood

‘ ’
de th e ,
 (M att . xx viii .
) L eth e xx iv .
3 9 , 4 0 .
7 1

i . e . ma
k i gn a
n e uc h r i s ti c
a su p p e r . Ap ar t, h o w e ve r ,
fr om th e fact

th a
t We look e d fo xp by m rath e r th an xpnflé g i t i s
s h ou l d h ave r i er rre
,

ha r d to beli e v e th a t th e l a tte r w o ul d h a v e bee n alte re d to th e m uch

l es s c om m on paflé g w h ile th e c on v e s e i s l ik e ly e n ou gh
K i 'r e
, With r .

on ly un s a ti s fac tor y r e a din gs to c h oos e f om I fel t i n cli n e d to r e a d r

s e ttin ea r e qu i r e m e n ts
‘
a f h ’
Gé i i m t t f
’

x e
p g / m
rr e
g (r or e n
, o

h i s fl e sh a n d bl ood s e ein g th a t th e p a rallel p as s age Luk e x v

‘ ’
,
x 1 .

3 9 4 0 i s foll ow e d by ar e qu e s t o f J e s u s for foo d w h i ch i s th e e

, , , r

u p on gi v e n h i m but n o t to s a y th at th e w o ds a n d bl o o d
,
w o ul d r

s e em s up e fl u o u s Ign atiu s im m e diately goe s o n to tell u s i n

r ,

w or ds ta
k en fr o m A c ts x . ate an d d ran k after th e
4 1 th at Je s u s
r es ur rec t on i . As th e l e a s t e vi l I th e r e for r e ad tcpar nflé r r e g o u t o f ,

w i h ( if
h c w r i tt en K d fle r r e g
p ) t h e r e a
d i n
g o f th e G r e ek M S w o u l d .

e aily ai
s r se .

J e r om e ( Com m i n Is ai ,
.lib . . v iii Pr ol ) al s o w ite s For
x . . r
‘
,

w h en th e Ap os tle s th ough t h i m a s pirit o ac co din g to_ th e

,
r, r

Go s pe l of th e Hebre w s w h i ch th e N a zar en e s ea d “
a bo dile s s r

de v il ”
(O nu m en im Ap o s tol i eu m p u tar e n t s i ri tu m , v e l ,
p i u x ta
Ev an el
g iu m qu od Hebr ae or u m l e c ti tant Na
zaraei ,
i n c or p o ale
r

daem on i u m )

i
O r gen ( D e Pri n o , Pr ol c 8 , e x ta
n t on l
y i n aLat n tr an sl a
.t o n
) . . i i
y s But th e appellat on d o w p dr o v , th at i s bod les s , i s n o t on ly
sa
‘ “ ”
i i
un u s e d a
nd u n k n ow n in m any o th e r w r it
e r s , but a
l s o i n ou r w r iti n
g s .

If, h o w e v e r , an y o n e s h oul d w is h to q uo te to u s fr om th at li ttle

book w h i ch i s c a lle d th e Teach i ng of P eter w h e re th e S av iour s e e m s ,

o th e d i s c ipl e s a n ot ab o dil e s s d e v il n th e fi r s t pl a
”
to s a y t I m i ce ,

h e i s to be a n s w e r e d th a t th a t boo k i s n o t r e c k on e d a m o n g e c cle
s ia s ti c al book s a n d to b e s h o w n th a
,
t i t i s a w r i ti n g n e i th e r o f
Pe te r s n o r of a
’
n
y o th e r p e r s on w h om s o e v e r w h o h a s b ee n i n s p i red

by th e s pir i t o f Go d ( Ap p e lla ti o a u te m d o w dr o v i e
p i n c O r or e i
p ,
. .
,

n o n s ol u m a pu d m ul to s alio s v e rum e tiam apu d n os tras s cr i pturas

e s t in u s ita tae t in c ogn i ta S i v e r o qu i s v e li t n obi s p r o fe rr e e x i ll o
.

libr o q ui P e tr i D octr i n a appellatur ubi S alvator vide tur ad di s ,

c i p ul o s di ce r e n on s u m d a p r i m o r e s p o n de n
‘ ’
e m o n i u m i n c o r p or e u m ,

d um e s t c i q u on i a m ill e l iber in te r l ibr o s e c cl es i a s ti cos n o n h a be tu r ,

e t os ten de n d um quia n e que Pe tr i e s t i s ta [ s o Z ah n righ tly for

ips a s cri pturan e que alterius cui us quam q ui S pir itu D ei fuer it
in sp i ra tu s ) .

Z a h n ( Ign a ti us v on An ti och i en 601 — 2 ) th in k s th a t Je r o m e i n ,

th e p a s s a e I fi r s t q u ote d fr o m h i m w r o te h a s ti ly a n d th a t th e
g ,

ex a c t w or d s o f I n a
g ti u s w e r e n o t to b e foun d i n th e Go s p e l a c c or d

i n g to th e Hebr e w s He h ol ds i t m u ch m or e lik e ly th a
. t I gn a ti us
q uote d th e Teach i n g of P eter an d pos s ible th at h e u s e d n eith er on e ,

n or th e oth e r bu t ath i r d w or k w h i c h h a d a vaile d its elf of th e s am e

,
7 2 Th e Gospel accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

or a l tr adition He s ay s h e h as el s ew h ere sh ow n th at Ign atius tw i ce

.

agr e e s w ith our M a tth e w a g a i n s t th e G o s pel a c co r din

g t o t h e

Hebr e w s an d th i nk s i t h ar dly c on c e i v a
, bl e th a t c on s i de rin g h i s ,

p o siti on to w ar ds Je w i s h C h ri s ten dom h e S h ou ld i f h e r efe r re d to , ,

th e Na zar e n e Go sp el a t a l l d o s o on ly on c e , I can n ot fin d th at h e .

ha s s h o w n th e ge n ui n e I n a ti u s i n a r e e m e n t w i th o u r M a tth e w
g g
a g a i n s t th e Go s p e l a c c o r din
g t o th e He br e w s m or e th a n o n ce

na m e ly w h e r e I gn a
,
tiu s s a y s th a t Je s u s w a s ba ptiz e d by Joh n th at
all r i gh te ous n e s s m i gh t be ful fi lle d by h i m ( i r a r k npw fifi m i c a ’ ’

Eucaw o br n in r S m yrn i Matth e w h a vin g to ful fil all

‘
’
. .

r i h teou s n e s s w h il e th e Ebi on i te Go s p e l F 7 a a a
g ( s e e r ) h d t h t l l .

th i n gs s h o u l d be ful fill e d O n th e o th e r h a n d it is a t le a
’
. s t w or th

n o ti c e th a t o f I gn a ti us s 12 r e fer e n c e s to a Ma tth a ea
’
n te x t th e r e i s

n ot o n e w h i c h i s a n u n m i s ta k ea bl y e x a c t qu ota ti on w h ile th e w or d s ,

u s e d diffe r se v e r a l ti m e s v e ry m a r k e dly fr o m ou r Ma tth e w ; a n d th a t

i n h i s Ep i s tle to th e Ep h es i a ns x ix 2 Ign a tiu s d e s c r i be s th e a
,
.
, p
p e a ra n ce o f th e S ta r o f th e Na t i v i ty th us — ‘
A s ta r s h on e i n

h ea v en a bo v e a l l th e s ta rs an d i ts l i h t w a s u n spea k ab l e a n d i ts
g , ,

n o v el ty a fl or de d a ma An d a ll th e r es t of th e s ta
'
z em en t r s to e th e r
.
g ,

w i th s un a n d m oo n be ca m e a gr ou p to th e s ta
,
r a n d of i ts elf i t ,

ma de i ts ligh t e x c e ed th e m a ll ; a n d th e re w a s c o n fus i on a s to

w h e n c e th i s n ov e l a n d i rr e gula r ph a
’
e n o m e n on oc c ur r e d to th e m
‘ '
V o b ar i th a x e v i me xr a oil s d o r e a
M a
'

C A o r iy
p é‘

p g p b p m i g r p g n u t 7 6 (
/
E br o ii

a
,

fi a w a si Ka e h oa
’
d v e xh dh nr o r ,
ai E r co
p y
r
p x Kev w br ng a
/ b r o i} T d d rd .

'
n d i r a dar a oi ua {7 } ea a a 3 3 i
’ ’
f
p j t t ch i n
gx p b og e é r e r o
y d o r s
p, t b r bg 1 i i »

‘ ' ' '

t w epfldh h w r 7 6 (p6 9 at r o i} in rep n d i 'r a r a a h Kat v or ng i]
7
p x) i r e 17 V 7r o fl e i ' ‘

cw o o ro g a a n ha r dly be ou r Ma e w —e v e n our M a
’

) T h h h
’ ‘

p t roi g i s c . t t tt e w

h e gh te n e d— a
i n d , th ou h
g th e Pr otev an eli um o
g f Ja m es 2 1 t e l l s

of a
‘
n i
m m en s e s ta r Sh n n
g a m on
g t h e s ta i i
r s of th e h e av e n a nd

i
d ul l n g th e o th e r s tar s s o th a t th ey w e r e n ot to be s ee n ( d aré a
p
ay p e y é fln h dp zj
z ar r a a Ka
pS M J V m r a T on
’
r 7 0 7 g d o rp ot g r o t) o b oi i d
"

w
p v ov g /

n n o t tr a a
'
d h h ov g d o r e a
‘ a / 8 0 9m a e t w e ca h
p g d o re i
p p
) i r br o bg
) y c e t t ,

b ook ba
ck to w ith i
a c e n tury an d a q uar te r o f I gn atius ( i f s o
n

ea a an th i n a a a i a v i h
rl
y) n o r d,
o e s i t s
y y g b o u t th e m z n
g b e h o u r o f t e

o th e r h e av e n ly bodie s I do n ot de n y th at h i s ac coun t of th e s tar

.

ma y be m e r e tra d i ti o n a n d th a t all o f h i s o th e r M a
,
tt h a ea n r e fe r e n c e s

ma b e r e fe r e n c e s t o ou r Ma tth ew but I s a y t h a t t h e r e i s s om e
y ,

th in g s u bs ta n ti a l to be s ai d for th e i de a th at i f h e d id u s e our ,

Matth e w i n r e fe rr in g to th e b a pti s m of Jes u s h e al s o di d u s e a ,

fo rm of th e Ma tth a ea n Gos p e l w h i c h w a s n ot e x a c tly o ur M a tth e w .

I m ay add th at i t w o ul d n ot be o n e w h i t m ore s urpri s in g th at

I gn atius s h ould qu o te th e Naz ar e n e Gos pel o n c e o nly th an th at .

k n o w i n g A c ts a s h e s h o w s th a
,
t h e did h e Sh oul d n e v e r on c e r e fe r ,
.

to th e Gos p el a c c or di n g to Luk e .
 ( M att . x x v ii i .
) Lahe xx i v 3 9 40
.
, .
73

Las tly, i f, as I be l i v ad a a hn a
e e l s o s ee m s to belie ve Hi l
n s Z ,

e n fe l d i s r i h t i n e n n id tifyi g (
s ee m y Pa r t III ii a th e T ea
) ch i n
g g g . .

o P eter w i th th e P r e a of P e ter a n d th a w ith th e Prea ch i n

f chi n
g t g f o

P e ter a nd Pa ul a n d th a ta g a i n w i th th e P r e a ch i n
g f o Pa u l w e ha v e ,

a lr e a dy ( s e e Fr 6) s e e n th a . t i t c on ta in e d e v an geli c m atter i n c om
m on w i th th e Gos p e l a c c ordi n g to th e He br e w s a n d th e
p r e s um
p ,

ti on i s th a t i f e i th e r bo r r ow ed fr om th e o th er i t w a s th e T e a ch in g

w h i ch bo rr o w e d fr om th e Gos p e l a n d n o t v i ce v ers a s e e Pa
( r t III .

ii a)
. .

In n o c a s e w oul d I h a v e agr e e d to s e t asi de th e v ery p r e cis e

s ta tem e n t of Je ro m e th a t ap a s s a e s u b s ta n ti a lly t h e sa m e a s th a t
g
of I gn a ti us w a s i n th e Go sp e l a c c or di n g to th e He br e w s or th e p r e ,

s um pti on (d e ri v e d fr om I r e n a e u s fro m Eu s e bi us s s ta te m e n t a
’
,
b ou t
Pa pias an d from th e agr e em e n t of ou r Gosp e l w i th c er tain p e c u
,

li a r i ti e s o f Ju s ti n n fa v ou r of th e ch r o n ol o i ca l p r i or i ty o f th e
) i g
la tter o v er th e T e a ch i n g of P e ter .

It m a b e a dd e d th a t J e r om e h a s t h e v a r ia t i o n s fro m th e te x t
y r e

of I n a
g ti u s to P e te r a n d to th o s e w h o w e re w ith Pe te r for t o

th o s e a Beh ol d for T a a ‘
fe el a
’ ’
bou t Pe te r ke nd ,
n d see m e .

O f th es e th e fi rs t a n d th i r d l ook lik e m or e differ en c es of fe eling i n

tr a n sla tin g a n d th e s e c o n d m a be am e r e s l i
, y p gg su e s te d b
y £ 08 7 6
, ,

beh ol d afe w w or ds l a It i s j u s t p os s i bl e th a
’
see or , te r on , t
Je r om e w a s c o n s c i ou s ly or u n con s ci ou s ly c orr e c ti n I na i ’

g g t u s s quo

fa tiou by th e Gos p e l a c c or di n
g t o th e He br e w s ; bu t th e u s e Of

Pe ter a S im o n s e e Fr a n d Fr 20
‘
e ph a
’ ’
n d n ot
( 1 9 ) or .K s .

ma k e s th i s l e s s lik e ly .

Fro m th e s e con d of th e tw o p a s s a e s i n J e r om e th e re c a n be n o
g
rea s on a bl e d ou bt th a t th i s i s th e s a me a pp earan c e of Je s u s d e s cr ibe d
i n Lu k e x x i v 3 6 s e qq a . n d th e p a ra
. ll e l i n v 3 9 o f th a
, t ch a pte r i s .

acl o s e on e ha n d le m e a n d s ee : for a s ir it h a t h n ot fl e sh a nd
p
b on e s a c c or d i n
g a s
y e b eh o l d m e h a v i n
g (t x q k a qi a a ré
p a m l w e e a
i r .

fi n 7 1 f i o dpxa g Ka i bo r ea m uc E u na f s e w ei r e if o r r a
’
o w fl )
'

x g p p x .

T h e ph r a s e w h ich I th u s lite ral ly r e n de r m ay als o m e an

P e te r a n d th o s e a In Ma r k i v 1 0 Lu k e x x ii 4 9
’
bou t h i m . o i w ep t
.
,
.
,

at r o u th o s e a r e di s tin ui s h e d from J e s u s h i m s elf

'
bou t h i m a
’
, g ,
I n .

A c ts x iii 1 3 o i w ept f or Hafi

. k o v in cl u d e s Pa ul a n d th e s a m e m igh t ,

be s a id of x x i 8 but th at th e w or ds ar e th e r e ri gh tly l e ft out by

.

e ditor s a s S p u r i ou s In Jo h n x i 1 9 T is ch e n d orf r e a d s ( w i th A a nd

u th o r iti e s ) r a
. .

th e gr ea te r n um be r bu t m u c h th e le s s w ei gh t of a
, g ,

w e l M d fla
p p v K a i M a p joi u — J A nd m a
i n
y o f th e J e w s ca m e to th o s e

f e m i n i n e ,th e w o m e n
] a b o u t M ar t h a a n d M a ry — a n d Al fo r d i s
’

alm o s t i n cl i n e d to d o th e s am e th e r e adin g c e r ta in ly s e em s far le s s

lik ely th an th e o th e r to be du e to th e c ar el e s s n e s s or s tupidity o f
a Oopyi s t If th e r e a. di n g be ri gh t th e n Ma r th aa n d Ma
,
ry a re
'
74 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebrew s .

see am n ot ab odi l e s s
th at I dev il .
’
An d
s tr ai gh tw ay the y tou ch ed h im a
nd be
l i ev e d .

( f
O v er y d ou btfu l t i on .
con n ec
)
Ju s t n ow m y i
1
m oth e r th e Holy Sp ir i t

ain ly i n clu de d ( s ee v
c e rt A n d th er e i s n o doubt th a t i n th e
.

pas s age befor e u s Peter h im s elf i s in clu de d .

r ily a s y n on m for
‘
T h os e a bou t Pe ter i s n ot n e c e s s a y th e

Ap o s tle s th ou gh th e y a r e c om pri s e d i n i t A c cor din g to Luk e th e

’
.
,

app ear an c e w as to th e Ele ve n an d th os e w ith th em ( r odg Ev 53 r a "

Kai ro tc c tr d
-
in o7 g, v .

It i s w or th n ot c n ii g th a
t i n Ma
rk xvi . C o dex L g v e s i an al te r
ativ e e n din g to p el i a
ys ‘
n th e Go s ,
w h ch it s is c u r r en t in s om e

qu arte rs ( qtepe r ai ’
w ov
) ,
be g n n i i n
g th u s ,
A n d a ll th at h a d‘
b e e n
‘
h i dde n th e m th e y told i n th os e a bou t Pe te r ( II/ t ur d B
’
S h or t to e rd

w apny y eh p é r ar o i g w ept T OV II po r o v r r bjuw g é ffi

‘
'

yy u h av
) ,
r e fe r r i n
g
'
to
er
'

th e m e s s a n t in v 7 t o s di s c ipl e s a a fl ra
'

ge s e h i n d Pe te r
(
. 7 07g : p n tg

airr oii Kai n; Hé r pcp ) S o too h of th e Ol d La tin ( Co d e x Bobbi e n s i s ,

.

4 th or 5 th th e m a
r
g n i of th e Ph il o x en ia S y i a
n r c, an d th e
A e th i opi c .

Al l o th e r tr a
ns lation s of th i pa ag
s ss e th a
t I h ave s e e n r e n d er

datjuo m ov
'
S pirit ,
’
w h i ch is d ou btl e s s m or e e e l gan t ,
bu t en t r e i ly
O pp os e d to th e us a e of th e N T n d C h r i s ti a
a n w r it er s T h er e i s
g . . .

n oth n i g at al lp isin g i n th e e x p e s sion bodile s s de vil for th e

s ur r r ,
’

J e w s be lie v e d th a t th e d e v il s w h i c h p oss e s s e d th e li vin g w e r e s om e

ti m e s th e s pi ri ts o f d ead pe s on s In th e C u r e ton i a i a vi l
'

n S c dre s r
y .

i s s eve a l tim e s given as th e t an slation of i p a a s p iri ts

r r w re j r , .
’

I O rige n ( Com m i n Ioh a n n iii

‘
Ed v B e w o o t er a
’
t Tl g To
" ” ’ ’
.
p . .

fl Efi fi
'
Ka at o v g Eba t o v tr fld a fi a a
’l
é t d b t é
’
h E A h 7)
p y y ,
r g w r
p ¢ n 6 tV p n
p
fi ou T O A y to u Hr e fz a i v o v Ka rfi
"
i r e xé 1 8 e tc
'

p r np
y p p gi T dn r pt
xib v
p d y [ /
,

7 0 b a
p g TO
p y fi
e a T a tb
p
'
B u t i f an
y o ne a d m its th e G o s p e l a c c o rd

i n g to th e He bre w s , w h er e th e S a
v i ou r i
h m s e lf s a s & c y .
’

He qu ote s it e sewl h ere ( Hom i l . i n Ier . xv .

) w i th ou t th e w or d s
‘
by on e of m y h ar s , i ’
but th e s e ar e gi by Je r om e , w h o a
v en lso
qu ote s th e p as s age th us far
( C om m i n . i — . ii
M c v 6 i n q uo e x p er .

aS a t or i s di c i tur Mo do tuli t m e
lv a ma te r m e aS p r tu s S a ii
‘
s on n c tu s

in un o c apillor um m e orum li k e w i s e m en t i i
on n
g th at i t w as p u t
i n th e m o uth of J e s us .

i
Hi lge n fel d s a
y s ( Nov . Tes t . ex tr aCan Recep . . iv . 2 3 ) th a
t th i s

For t
n o e see pa
ge 7 6 .
 U n cer tain .
75

pas s age w as c om m on ly ptation but th at Baur

r efe rre d to th e T e m ,

M a n i ch a s oh es R eli gi on ssgs te m 4 8 5 ) h a d r i h tly a s s i n e d i t to th e

'

( i g g ,

T ra n sfi u a ti on r O n tu n in
g t o Ba ur I fi n d th a
r t h e ge ts th i s c on
g .

n e i on b
x
y fi t ti n
g t o e th e r abi t o f th e C le m e n ti n e Hom i li e s abi t o f
g ,

Ma n i ch a e is m a nd a bi t o f V a
,
le n tin ian is m s tar tin g f o m th e as su m p ,
r

ti on th a t th e fe m i ni n e n a tu e a tt ibute d to th e Holy S p i it p o s tu
r r r

late s an id en tity w ith th e Gn os ti c S oph ia T h e an s w er to Bau r i s .

n ot m e ely th ar t th e F a g m e n ts c on ta i n no t a
r c e o f s ym p a th y w i th r

th e Gn o s ti ci s m o f th e Cl e m en tin e Hom ili e s n o M a n ic h a eis m no , ,

Va len tin ian is m but th at th e w o ds m y m oth e r th e Holy S pir it

,
r ,

adm i t o f an id e ally s im ple e pl an a ti o n w h i c h i s a t th e s a x m e tim e

c on s i s te n t w i th th e s e v e es t o r th o d o y—a n e pl a
r na tion w h i c h I x x

m e n ti on i n m y n e t n ote a n d full x
y j u s ti f
y i n Pat III 1 I m ay a d d r . . .

th a t Mt T a bo i s i n n o w a
. r
y i n di c a ted b
y th e ca n on i c a l G o s p el s a s

th e s c e n e of th e T a n sfi u a t i on ; i n fa
r c t th e ir n a r ra
r t i v e i s q ui te
g
in c onsis ten t w i th su ch as uppos ition an d th e m oun tai n un d oubte dly ,

o w e s th i s t a di ti o a l h on o ur to i ts s t i k i n g ph y s i ca
r n l p om i n e n c e r r .

N or do w e fin d i t a s th e Mt o f th e T a n sfi u a ti on e v e n i n t a d i
g . r r r

t i on be for e th e m d dl e i of th e 4 th c e n t.

My ow n im pul fi se rs t w as an d st il l i s to c onn e c t th i s fr agm en t

w ith th e T m pta
e ti on , w h i ch w ou l d ap pe a r to h a e ta
k en v place
s om ew h e r e be tw een th e J or da
n an d Na za
r e th for J e s u s w as r etur n ,

i n g ( Lu k e iv . he ha d c om e fr o m N a za r e th
( M a rk i and .

Naza
r e th i s th e fi rst to w n n a
m e d ( Ma tt i v 1 3 L uk e i v 16) a s . .
, .

v i site d by h i m a fte r h i s r e tu r n A n d th . i s su it s th e p ositio n of

Ta
b or , i
w h c h d oe s li e b e tw e e n th e J or da
n an d Na za r e th In th e .

n e x t pl a c e i t i s c u r i o u s th a t th e a rr i va l of Je s us at th e s c e n e Of th e
T e m p ta tion i s a s c r ib e d i n M a tth e w a n d L uk e t o th e p e r s on a l ac tion
of th e Holy S pi r it w h om th e for m e r r ep r e s e n ts a s le a di n g h i m u p
‘ ‘ ’
,

an d th e latte r as l e adin g or d ri v in g h i m
‘
O n e i s v e ry S tr on gly .

i n d uc e d to th in k th at w h er e our Matth e w s ay s Je s u s w as le d up
an o th er e a rl
y a c c o un t m a h a
y ve h a d i t t h a t h e w a s
‘
b or n e u p
’

in de e d th is m ay h av e be e n th e m e an in g of an A ram aic origin al ,

a m bigu ou s p o s s i bly a n d th e r e for m i s c o n c e i v e d or s o fte n e d i n to ,

l e d u p be c a e S pi r i t w a i i i
‘
us e b
y t h s u n d e r s t oo d th e S p r t r ece v e d
in to h im at th e Baptism an d actin g from w i th i n h i m , .

If c o n n e cte d w i th th e T e m p ta ti on th i s p a s s a e m i h t p o s s ibly
g g ,

ha v e for m e d p ar t of an ac c oun t of th e s p e e ch o f J e s u s i n th e syn a

gg o u e o f Na za r e th
( L u k e i v 1 6 s e qq ) o n h i s r e tu r n. O r i t m a
.
y .

ha v e b e l on ge d to h i s a n s w e r to S a ta n in M a tt i v 7 A d o p ti n g th e . . .

te x t o f M a tth ew ( A V ) th e r e qu e s t o f S a . ta
. n a nd a n s w e r of Je s u s

w ou l d r u n th u s An d s a i th u n to h i m If th o u be th e S o n o f Go d .

ca s t th s e l f d o w n : for i t i s w r i tte n He S h all giv e h i s a n el s c h a

‘
y g ,
r e
g
c on cer n in th a n d i n th e i r h a d h y h a l l b a h l a
“

g ee n s t e s e r t ee u p e s t t ,
7 6 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

took m e by on e o f my h air s an d b ore me

up on to th e gr e at m ou n tai n TT abor .

a
n
y i
t m e th ou d a s h th
y fo ot ag ai n s t a s to n e J e s us s ath u n to . i
h im “
It i s w r tten a g a n,
‘
T h i
ou sh at n o t te m t th e L or d th y i l p
Go d .
’
Jus t n ow m y m oth er th e Holy Sp i ri t took m e by on e o f my
hai rs an d bor e m e up on to th e great m oun ta in O r th e
o r de r o f th e l a
s t tw o s en te n c es i
m gh t be r e ver se d .

Th i s h y p oth e s i p s ro bably s ee m s to th e re a
d er u tte rl y fan tastic
a
nd im p ro ba
bl e .lo ok at i t m or e clos ely J e su s i s
But l e t us .

ask e d to th r ow h im s el f dow n i n r eli a n c e on th e p o m i s e o f God r ,

to p r o v e th a t h e i s S o n o f Go d He r e pli e s th at w e ar e forbi d de n .

to t y Go d i n th i s m a
r n n er and a d ds th a t he ha s a l e ady e x ,
r

r i e n ce d th e t uth o f Go d s p om i s e s in c e h e h a d j b n b orn e
’
p e r u s t ee r ,

up i
by as n gl e h ar o n to Mt T a bor i . .

T h e c r c um s tant ai
l e v den c e h o w i i e v er is n o t s tr o n
g e n o u gh to
w arr a
nt as s i gn in g to th i s fr a
ou r
g m e nt a n
y d e fi n i te pl a ce i n r el a ti on

ei th e r to th e te x t of Ma tth ew or th e life o f J e s us : I m e r ely s ugge s t

in a l l fe a r ful n e s s th i s c on n e x i on for i t .

i In He br e w ru a S pi r i t i s s o m e ti m e s m a s c ul in e th ough
’
oh ,

m o r e c o m m on ly fe m i n l n e b ut i n Ar a ma ic th e corre sp on din g w or d
r u c h a i s fe m i n i n e Ma tt i 18 a . n d Luk e i 3 5 a . s s i gn to th e Holy
. .

S pi ri t th e c h i e f a n d s e e m i n ly th e s ol e
, g a g e n cy i n th e c o n c epti on ,

o f Je s u s b M a ry S m m a k t h th l o y o f th is fr a g
y ee
y r
. e r s o n e eo g
m e n t i n Pa r t III i . .

Hilgen fe l d n ote s th e foll ow in g an a l o gou s p a ss a g e s : ( i ) Ez e k . .

v iii 3 ( A V ) An d h e pu t for th th e form of an h an d an d took

.
‘
. .
,

m e by al o ok o f m in e h e a d a n d th e s pi r i t lifte d m e u
p b e tw ee n th e

ea rth an d th e h eav e n a n d br ou h t m e i n th e v i s i on s of Go d to
g ,

J e r us a lem Be l a n d th e D r a o n
g 3 6 ( A V ) T h e n th e a n el
g ,
. .

o f th e L or d to o k h i m b
y t h e c r ow n a n d ba re h im b
y t h e ha i r of h i s ,

h ea d a n d th r o u h th e v e h e m e n cy of h i s S pi r i t s e t h i m i n Ba
, g byl o n

o v e r t h e de n ; ( ii i ) A c ts v iii 3 9 4 0 ( A V ) T h e S pi r it o f th e
’
. . . .
,

L or d c a u gh t a w a y Ph ilip th at th e e un u c h s aw h i m n o m ore : an d
,

h e w e n t on h i s w a r e j oi c in i i a nd a
B u t Ph l f u t A o tu s ’
y g p w s o . z .

Hi lgen fe l d r igh tly O bse r v e s th at th e an ti q uity of th i s fr agm e n t i s

exa lte d r a th e r th a
,
n
( a s s o m e t h ou g )h t d e t ra c te d f r o m b y th e m e n ,

ti on o f s u ch a n i n c i de n t Le t m e a d d to th e p a
. s s a e s c o m pa
g red b
y
h i m 1 K in gs x viii 1 2 ( A V ) A n d i t s h a . l l c om e to p a
. . ss as s oon ,

a s I a m gon e fr om th e e th a t th e S pi ri t o f th e L or d sh a
,
ll c ar ry th e e
w h ith e r I k n o w n o t an d 2 K i n gs ii 1 6 ( A V ) l es t p e rad v en tur e
‘
'
’
. . .
,

th e S pir i t o f th e L or d h a th ta k en h i m u p a n d ca s t h i m u p on s om e

m ou n ta i n or i n to s om e v alley
,
.
’

1 A b o u t s e v e n m i l es E o f N a z a r e th A m o u n d
.
-sh a p ed h eigh t .
7 8 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hb e r ew s .

III
.

T HE IN TER NAL E VID E N CE , A ND GE NERA L

C ON CL USI ON S .

LE T u s n ow e s ti m a te th e i n te r n a l e v i de n ce afforde d by th e
Fr a g m e n ts as to (i ) th e ch ar acte r of th i s Gos p e l ; (ii ) i ts
. .

re l a t i on to oth e r w ork s o u ts i d e or i n s i de o f th e c a n on .

i
( ). Th e G o s p e l a cco r d i n g to th e H e br e w s s h ow s n o a
p
p ro ach to th e ch ar ac ter of th e A p ocryph al Go s p e l s A m on g .

th ei r for e m o s t fe a tu e s ae
r r M ai ol a
r t y mi a
r r cl e m o n g e r i n g
-
, ,

i m ag i n ati ve e l ab or ation of i n ci den ts b ri e fly sk e tch e d i n th e

Ca n on i ca l Gos p el s an d afr e e i n v enti on of oth er i n c i den ts
,

o ut o f c a n on i c a l m ater i al s Of th e fi r s t tw o th e re i s n o
.

tr a c e i n th e Fr a g m en ts an d of th e th ir d an d four th on ly a
,

v er y sl i ght s u s p i c i on T h e m as on s S p ee ch th e s p ee ch of
.
’
,

J e s u s to th e r i c h m a n a n d th e a
,
pp e ar an ce o f J e s u s to Jam e s ,

m i gh t a t fi rs t s ee m to be m e r e e l a b or ati on s of c an on i cal
i n c i de n ts T h e m as on s s p e e ch h o w e v er i s v ery b r i ef an d
.
’
, , ,

th e pl a in form of addr e s s Je s u s h ardly th e m o s t l ike ly for

afor g e r to ad op t T h e story of th e r i ch m an s e e m s to be
a
.

l tog e th er i n de p en d en t of th e c an on i c al v er s i on s Th e ap .

e a ra n ce o f J e s u s to J a m es i s tol d i n l a n gua g e n ot l e s s b r i e f
p
th a n bea u ti ful an d th e Paul i n e Ep i s tl e s ar e n ot th e s ou r ce
,

from w h i ch aN az ar en e w oul d be m os t l ike ly to dr aw T h er e .

i s b etter c a u s e to re g ar d th e Pre face as am ere c om p il ati on

( a n d a v e ry b a l d o n e ) from c an o n i c al d ata : b u t w e ha v e to
r e m e m b e r th a t i t com e s to u s fr o m a n Eb i o n i te c o py a n d n ot

a Na za r e n e on e ,
an d th at w h i l e w e h av e g oo d re as on to
,

cha r g e th e Eb i on i te s w i th a lteri n g an d i n te rp ol ati n g n o ,

s i m il a r e v i de n c e e x i s ts a g ai n st th e N az ar e n e s .

An d h e r e w e co m e to th e q ue s ti on w h e th e r th e Go s p e l
acc or di n g to th e He b r ew s w as h e r e ti c a l o r b etr ay s ad e s i g n ,

to fa v our an y p e c ul i ar v i e w s .

T h i s m u st be fully a d m i tte d of Epi p h an i u s s Eb i on it e

’

C o py . T h e fi r s t tw o ch a p te rs of Matth e w w er e s tr uck o ut
 Ap ocryph al or Her eti cal 79

from i t b ecau s e th ey w e re n ot to be r e con cil e d w ith Eb i on ite

th eor i e s of th e n a tu r e of Je s u s N or c a n w e d oub t th a . t
th e d e n u n c i a ti on of s a cr i fi c e s p ut i n to th e m ou th of J e s u s

( F r . 3 3 ) i s a p u r e fo r g e r y i n s upp o r t o f th e i r a n ti -s ac ri fic i al
v ie w s Hi s p r ofe s se d di s i n cl i n ati on (opp o s e d to L uke xx ii 1 5 )
. .

to e a t th i s FL E S H th e p a
‘
s s ov er w i th h i s d i s c i pl e s l ook s
’

l ik e aw ilful p er v er s i on to s u it th e ir ow n s tr i ct v e g etar i an i s m ,

an d th e n on -m e n ti on of l o cu s ts as p art of th e Bap ti s t s food ’

b e co m e s i n th i s li ght v ery s u s p i c i ou s .

N oth i n g of th i s c a n be c h a rge d a g ai n s t Je r o m e s Naz a ’

r e n e c opy or i n de e d ag ain s t th e cop i e s qu ote d by oth er

, , ,

Fa th e r s I ha
. v e ar gu e d th at Jer om e s copy c on tai n e d M att ’
.

ii 5 1 5 2 3 T he re are h ow e v e r a fe w of th e N az are n e
.
, ,
.
, ,

frag m en ts w h i ch c all for s o m e r e mar k .

In Fr 6 J e s u s w h i l e a
. s s e r ti n g h i s s i n l e s s n e s s 1 s r ep r e
, ,

s e n te d a s qu a l ify i n g th i s as s er tion w i th th e w ord s e x ce p t

p e r ch an ce th i s v ery th i n g th at I h av e s ai d i s i g n oran c e .
’

T h e q u e s ti on w h eth er Je s u s a s ma n wa s a ble c on s c i ou s ly or
, , ,

u n c on s ci ou s ly to s i n i s I b el i e v e on e w h i ch h as r ar e ly b e e n
, , ,

di s cu s s e d a n d n e v e r b e e n p r on o u n c e d o n by th e C hu r c h
, .

T ha t h i s kn ow le dge a s ma n i n cre as e d w i th h i s y e ar s i s
, ,

sa i d i n Luk e ii 5 2 an d i n Mar k x iii 3 2 ace rtai n l i m i tati on

.
,
.

is a s s i g n e d to i t s u c h l i m i ta ti o n I m a
, y a dd b e i n g r e co g n i s e d
, ,

by s o orth odox ado ctr in al teac h er as C an on L i ddo n (Bamp ton

L ectur es 4 5 9 ,
w h o qu o te s on th e s a
,
m e s i de I r e n a eus ,

Cy r il A th a,
na s i us a n d Gr e g or y N a ,
zia n z en .

In Fr 3 1 J e s u s c a . ll s th e Holy S p i r i t h i s m oth e r an d ,

Hil ge n feld r e m ark s th at Fr 8 i n w h i ch th e Holy S p i r i t

'

.
,

ad dre s s e s h i m as m y S on i s an al o g ou s T h i s i s s uffi c i e n t ,
’
.

to p r o v e to M d e Pr e s s e u s e th a . t w e ha v e h er e th at e te rn al
fe m a l e e l e m en t w h i ch for m e d p art of th e p r im or di al d u al ity
o f th e Elk a sa i te s a n d w h i ch th e y l i k en e d to th e Holy
*
,

S p ir it
’

( Her es
y a n d C h r i s ti a n D oc tr i n e 1 8 7 3 e d ,
.

M r Ba
. r i n g Go ul d h a s S i m ila r O b s er v a ti on s a nd sa y s th at ,

th e w or d s m y m ot h e r ar e i t c an s c a r c e ly be d o ub te d a
, ,

Gn o s ti c i n te r p ol a ti on (L os t a n d Hos ti le Gos els 1 3 0

p , ,

Ma k in g th e Holy S pi r i t h o w e v e r , ,
n ot th e m o th e r of Je s u s ,
b ut h i s S i s te r : s e e Epi ph an ias Ha er l iii ai el l at r d
"

,
. . K /
A y co v 11 1/
'
£
p
d i srupt) abro f; a n d th at th e Holy S pi r i t as h i s i ’
; w s s te r .
80 Th e Gospe l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

Ver ily h e m u st h av e ak e en ey e fo r h ere s y w h o a

c n

d i s cov er i t h er e D oes n ot M att i 1 8 . . . say th at M ary w as

fo un d w ith ch il d of th e Holy S p ir it an d M att i 20 ’

, . . th at
‘
th a t w h i ch i s c on ce i v e d i n h e r i s of th e Holy S p i r i t ?
’

D oe s n ot Luk e i 3 5 s a y T h e Ho ly S p i r i t s h a
. ll co m e up on

th ee a n d th e p ow e r o f th e Hi gh e s t s h a
,
ll o v e r s h adow th e e :
th er e for a l s o th at h oly thi n g w h i c h s h all be b orn of th ee
s ha ll be c all e d th e S on of God ? Is n ot th e w or d S p ir it
'
’ ’

fe m i n i n e i n Ar a ma i c ? An d i s i t th en a s i gn of he re s y
*

th a t Je s u s w h o S p ok e of th e Fi rs t Pe r s on of th e T r in i ty a s

h i s Fa th e r s h oul d be r e p r e s e n te d a s spea k in g of th e Holy

S p ir it a s h i s M oth er ? We m u s t n ot th in k s ay s TJ er om e ,
’

( W r i t i n g w i th o u t a n
y r e fe r e n ce to th e Go s p e l a c c o r d i n g to

th e He b r e w s ) th a t th er e i s s e x i n th e Po w e r s of Go d s in ce
, ,

e v e n th e Holy S p ir it h i m s e lf i s s p ok en of a c c or di n g to th e

p e c ul i ar itie s of th e He b re w l an g uag e i n th e fe m i n in e g e n der

as Ruh a i n Gre e k i n th e n e ute r as 7 5 11 1 Etna i n Lati n i n ,
/

th e m a scul i n e as Sp i ri tus ; w h en ce w e m u s t u n de r s ta
, nd ,

w h e n th e r e i s d i s cu s s i on a b ou t th os e ab ove an d an y th i n g i s ,

u t i n th e m a s cul i n e or fe m i n i ne th a t i t i s n ot s o m u c h s e x
p ,

th a t i s s i gn i fied a s i t i s th e i d i om o f th e l a n gu a g e th at i s
b e in g u ttere d S i n ce God h i m s e l f i n vi s ibl e a
. n d i n c or ,

r up ti bl e i s s p ok e n of i n a
,
lm os t e v ery l angu ag e i n th e m as
c ul i n e g e n d e r alth ough s ex do e s n ot apply to h i m
, But .
’

s i n ce O ri ge n :t w h o h i m s e lf en cou n tere d a
,
n d d e n ou n c e d

Ru oh a . In He br e w R/ aaoh , w h i ch is s om et im es mas c ul i n e,

bu t ge n e ra
lly fe m n n e i i .

T pE ad D a m as um ,
. D e S er a
p h i n f
et Calcu lo ( Mar tia
na
y
’
s ed .

i ii . Nc c p uta n d um s e x um i n V i rtuti bus D e i , q uu m

e sse

etiam ip se ii
S p r tu s S an c tus s e c un d um r o r i e ta
p p te s l n ua
g e H e br ae ae i
f mi i
e n no
g en e r e p r ofe r atur R u h a; Gr ac e c n e u tr o T a Hi '
e ii u
l
a Latin e
m a li scu no Sp i r i tus Ex q u o i n te l li ge n du m e s t,
. quan do d e s up e ior i r

bu s di s p utatu r et m as cul n um a i
l i qu d s e u fe m i i i
n n um
p o n i tu r , n on

ta
m s e x um s i gn i fic a
ri qu am idiom a s n ae lin gu ae S i q ui de m ip s e
o r .

D eu s i n v i s ibi lis et i n c o u pti bi l is om n ibu s p e n e li n gu i s p o fe tu

rr r r r

g e n er e ma
s cu lin o , q u um in eu m n on adat s e x us
c By He br e w .
’

J er o m e m e an s Ar a
m ac , i ai s n oth e r plac e s (s e e p 1 n ote ) Cf to .
, . .

th e s a
me e ffe c t Com m i n Is ai . . x 1. 11 (li b . w h e re th i s fr a
g m e nt

is a
l so qu ote d .

i S e e th e ex tr act q uo te d by Eus e b iu s
(His t E col
. . vii 3 8 ) fr o m
O r ge n i ’
s los t Homily on PS .
 H ere ti cat ”
f . 8I

Elk e s aism , ad du ce s th i s fr ag m en t o f th e Go s p e l ac c or din g to

th e Heb r e w s tw i c e tak in g th e troubl e to j u s tify i t at s om e
,

l e n gth an d Jer om e al s o add uc e s i t tw i ce I n e e d n ot l i n g er

, ,

fu rth e r i n i ts d efe n s e .

Fr 1 9 i s de ci de dly
. ark abl e It l ay s dow n tw o pr o rem .

p os i ti on s r e sp ectin g th e p rophe ts (1 ) th at th ey w er e an oi n te d ,

by th e Holy S p i rit (2) th at n e v er th e l e s s u tteran ce o f S i n i s

,

fo u n d i n th e m .

T o th o s e w ho fin d i n ( 2) a p roof
h e re s y le t m e p u t of

thr e e qu e s ti on s Is th e e xp r e s s i on of S i n fu l fe el i n g s u tte r
.

an ce of s i n 9 If s o a ’
re fe el i n g s s in ful w h i c h ar e d i a
,

m etr i c a lly opp os e d to th e m or al te ach i n g o f Je s u s 9 If s o ,

ha s a n i n g e n u i ty of c o m m e n t a to rs e xpl a i n e d th e u r s in g
y c

p s al m s of th e p roph e t D av i d ( s e e p ar ti cul arly Ps c i x 6— 20) . .

i n to h arm on y w ith th e p r ece p ts of M att v 4 4 an d L uke . .

,

v i 2 7 —8 ?
.

T h e o th er p r op os iti on ( )
1 th a t th e p,
r o ph e ts w e r e

an oin te d by th e Holy Gh o s t i s i m p orta nt a s s h o w i n g th a

, t
th e N a za r en e Go s p e l w a s n ot ti n g e d w i th th a t s tr on g
av e rs i on to th e p ro ph ets (l a te r th a n J o s hu a ) w h i ch t h e

Eb i on i te s (Ep i ph a n i us Haer xxx 18) a ,

re s a . i d to h av e .

ha d .N or i s th i s th e on ly p a ss ag e i n w h i c h th e p r oph ets
ar e h on ou r a bly n oti ce d i n th e N az aren e Gos p e l In Fr 8 . .

th e Holy S p i r i t i s r e pr e s e n te d a s e xp r e s s i n g i n all th e
p r oph ets ay e arn in g for th e c o m i n g of Je s u s an d i n Fr 20 , .

th e p r oph e ts a r e j o i n e d w i th th e L a w a s s ta n da r d s o f d uty .

T h ese a re a ll th e p a ssa g e s i n th e N az ar e n e Go s p e l ag ai n s t
w hich a n
y b u t th e m o st fi n i k i n c r i ti c i s m c a n be d i r e c te d .

It w oul d be e a s y to s u gg e s t th a t e v e n th e s e w e r e i n te r

p o l ati o n s a s M,
N i c o l as (E
. tu d es s ur les Ev a n
g i le s A ocr
p yp h e s )
an d M r Ba .r i n g Go ul d h a v e al r e ady d on e But I c an n ot .

c o n s e n t to s e e a n i n te r p ol a ti on i n e v ery th i n g w h i c h on fi r s t

Hom . i n Ioh i ii th e gr ou n d th a
. . 63 ,
t e en m en w h o d o
on v
th e w ill of Go d a re c a e d b
y J es u s h i s m oth er allnd r e th r e n b .

T h e S ea k e r s C o m m e n ta
’
p r ,
’
O bs e r e , ra ct ca l y a bay I
n d on s v p i l
an y s u c h atte m pt Is a C h r i s ti a n s pi r i t
‘
it a to b e e x p e c te d
’
. sk s , ,

al w ay s i n th e p s a lm s ? Woul d th e w or d s of C h r i s t ( Matt v 4 3 . .
,

44 ,
ha v e be e n u tte r e d i f th e S pir i t w h i c h n im a
a te d th e J e w i s h
p e opl e an d w as e x h ibite d n ot un fr e qu e n tly i n th e ir an n als h ad
, , , ,

be e n a l w ay s th at w h ich He c am e to in c ulc ate ? ( v ol 4 , .

G
 82 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e He br e w s .

h ea r i n g s e e m s to ja r al i ttl e w i th th e e xp r e s s i on s or ton e of

th ought of th e C a n on i c a l Gos p el s .

Th e Fa th e r s of th e Chu r c h w h i l e th e Gos p e l a
,
cc or di n g

to th e He b r e w s w a s
y e t e x ta n t i n i ts e n ti r e ty r e fe rr e d to i t
,

a lw ay s w ith r e s p e ct ofte n w i th r e v er e n ce : s om e of th e m
,

un h e s i ta ti n gly a cce p te d i t a s bein g w h a t tr a d i ti on a ffi r m e d

—
i t to be th e w o k o M a r f tth ew — an d e v e n th o s e w h o h a ve
n ot p ut o n r e cor d th e i r e xp r e s s i on of th i s O p in i on h a v e n ot
u e t i e d i t I s s u ch a n a tt i tu d c n s i s te n t w i th th e s u
q s o n . e o
p
p os i ti on th at th e Gos p el ac cor din g to th e He b r ew s w as a
w or k of h e r e ti c a l ten den ci e s ? T h i s appl i e s w ith te n fold
for c e to Jerom e A fter c opy in g i t w o ul d h e i f h e h ad s e e n
.
, ,

h er e sy i n i t h av e tran sl ate d i t for publ i c di s s e m i n ati on i n to

,

b oth Gree k an d Lati n an d h ave c on ti n u e d to fav ou r th e

,

tr a di ti on of i ts M a tth a ea n a uth ors h i p

A n d J e r o m e be i t O b s e r v e d n ot on ly qu ote s a
, ,
ll th r e e of
th e s e p a ssa g e s w ith ou t d i s app r ob ati on ; h e actually qu ote s
tw o of th e m (Fr 6 a . n d Fr 8 .
) w i th a pp r ov a l B u .t a l th ,ou gh
Je r o m e h a s n e v er b e e n s u s p e cte d o f l e n i e n c e to h e r e s y s o m e ,

o f u s m u s t n ee ds out-J e r o m e J e r om e a n d d em a n d u n i for m i ty

w h e r e h e tol er a te d v a r i e ty .T h e tru th i s th a t in a ll th e s e
ce n tu r i e s th e fa m ili a r m o ul d s h a v e s un k s o de e p i n to our
ow n m i n d s th a t we a re m a b e a l i ttl e too r e a
y d y to r ej e c t

as S p u r iou s an y fr ag m e n t of e arly e x tr a-can on i cal l iter atur e

w h i c h doe s n o t b e a r th e s a m e e xa ct i m p re s s .

We sh all b etter be abl e to c or re ct thi s ten de n cy i f w e

i m ag i n e for th e m om e n t th at on ly th re e can on i c al Gos p el s
ha d c om e dow n to u s th a ,
t th e fou rth h a d o n ly b e e n p re
s erv e d a m on g th e N a za ren es a n d th a
, t on ly afe w fr a g m en ts
o f i t w e r e l e ft .

L e t u s s upp o s e th a t Ma tth e w h a d b e e n th i s l os t Gos p e l ,

a n d th a t a m on g th e fra g m e n ts left out of i t w er e ii 23 th at .

i t m i gh t be fulfille d w h i ch w a s s p ok e n by
[ th r o u gh
] t h e

p r oph e ts He s h all [th at h e S h oul d] be c all e d a N az ar en e

v 1 7 T h i n k n ot th at I am com e to de s troy th e l aw or th e
.
,

p roph ets : I am n ot c om e to d e s troy but to fulfil ; x 5 6 ,

’
.
, ,

GO n o t i n to th e w a y o f th e Gen ti l e s a n d i n to a
,
n
y c i ty o f
th e S a ma r i ta n s e n te r y e n ot But go r a
. th er to th e l o s t s h e e p
o f th e h o u s e o f I s r a el xv 2 4 I am n ot s e n t b ut un to th e
.

l os t s h e ep of th e h ou se of I s r ae l xvi .
‘
1 sa y a l
.
so
 H e r eti cat 83

u n to th ee th at th ou art Pe te r an d up on th i s r o ck I w ill ,

bu i ld m y chu rc h ; an d th e g ate s of h e ll s h all n ot p r e v ai l

ag ain s t i t A n d I w i ll g i ve u n to th ee th e k e y s of th e
.

k i n g dom of h e av e n : an d w h ats o e v er th o u s h al t b in d on
ea r th s h a ll be b oun d i n h e av e n : an d w h ats oe v er th ou s h al t
loos e on e a r th s h all be l oos e d i n h e aven .
’

T h er e i s n o n ee d to l ook furth e r th r ough M a tth e w for

p as s ag e s on w h i ch i f th e y c am e to u s as frag m e n ts from a
,

Na za r e n e Go s p e l w e s h o ul d n ot h e s i ta
,
te to fa s te n c h ar g e s of

h er eti cal ten de n cy In ii 2 3 w e s h oul d at l e as t s ee th e

. .

us e of a n a p o cryph al b oo k e v e n i f w e d i d n ot al s o p e r ce i v e
,

an i n te n ti on to m agn i fy th e n a m e of N a za ren e In v 1 7 . .
,

x 5 6 an d x v 24 w e s h oul d fin d th e e xtre m e s t Ju d ai z in g
.
, ,
.

v i ew s . An d i n xv i 1 8 1 9 w e S h oul d s e e a
.
,
n i m pu d e n t

for g ery of th e ultra-Petri n e s ch ool of Eb i on ite s d i r e c te d , ,

l ike oth er of th e ir for g e r i e s ag ain s t Paul an d Paul in e ,

Ch r i s ti a ns .

Or le t u s s upp os e Ma r k to h a v e b ee n th e N az are n e
Gos p e l .Fr om th e fa c t th a t i t b e ga n w i th th e Ba p ti s m w e ,

s h oul d for th w i th c on cl u de th a t it w a s d e s i g n e d to s upp or t

th e h er e s y th a t Je s u s w a s m er e m a n u n ti l th e d i v i n e C h r i s t

de s ce n de d i n to h i m i n th e S h a p e of ad ov e A n d for m m 3 2 . .
,
‘
O f th a t da y an d t h a t h o u r k n o w e th n o m a n n o n ot th e , ,

an g e l s w h i ch ar e i n h e ave n n e i th er th e S on but th e , ,

Fa th er w e s h ou l d h a v e foun d n o s uffic i e n t j u s ti fi cati on

’
, .

Si m il ar ly if n o a ,
c c ou n t o f th e c on c e p ti on o f J e s u s h a d
c o m e to u s e x ce p t a s a fr a g m e n t o f a N az ar e n e Go s p el ,

an d h ad s u ch fr ag m e n t s aid as M atth e w an d Luk e s ay th at

, ,

he wa s con c e i v e d o f th e Holy S p i r i t an d as L uke th at th i s

, , ,

w a s th e r e a s on w h y h e w a s ca lle d th e S on o f God S h oul d w e ,

n ot d e n o u n c e th i s a s th e w i l d e s t h e r e s y ? S h oul d w e n ot
ask w h e r e Je s u s r e fe rr e d to th e Holy S p i r it as h i s fath er o r
m oth e r w h e th e r h e di d n ot r a
,
th e r i m ply th a t th e Holy S p i r i t
p r oce e de d fr om h i m s e l f w h eth er h e w as n ot c all e d th e S on
,

o f Go d b e c a u s e h e w as th e S on of Go d th e Fath e r—w h e th e r
i n fin e w e w e r e n ot c on fr o n te d e i th e r by ra n k El k e s a i s m or
by ah er e sy w h i c h con foun d e d th e Holy S p i r it w ith God th e
Fa th e r P
I m i g h t i s ol a te m a n y m or e p a ssa g e s from th e C an on i cal
Go s p e l s to S h o w i n w h a t s or t of s p i r i t w e s h oul d be te mp te d
84 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

to g ard an y on e of th os e Gos p el s if i t c am e to us on ly i n
re

fr ag m e n ts fr om an out of th e w ay b ody of Ch r i sti an s n ot

e n te r i n g i n to r el at i on s w i th th e C hu r c h a t la rge an d
as s oc i a ted i n our m i n d s by l oc a l n ati on al an d to ag r e at , ,

e x te n t ce r e m o n i al a ffi n i ty w i th t h e an t i -Ca th ol i c s e ct o f th e
Eb i on i te s p r op e r .

S o l i ttl e h a s b e e n w r i tten a b ou t th e N az ar e n e s an d s o ,

fe w p e opl e I i m a g i n e hav e h ad occas i on to s tu dy th ei r

, ,

h i story or doctrin e s th at I s h all h e re qu ote w h at i s s ai d of

,

th e m by tw o e c c l e s i a s ti c a l h i s tor i an s o f s u ch e m i n e n ce an d n u
qu e sti on e d orth odoxy as N e an de r an d th e l ate D e an M an s e l .

Afte r th e de stru c ti on of J e r us a l e m w r ite s M an s el ’

,

G s ti c Her es i es
‘
h i -C hr i s ti a C hu r ch c on
( n o t s , J e w i s h n

ti n u e d to e x i s t i n Pe ll a a n d th e n e i ghb ou r i n g r e g i on b e y on d

th e J or da n to w h i c h i t h a d w i th dr a w n d ur in g th e S i e ge fia
‘
,
nd

w h e re i t a pp ear s to h av e r em ai n e d Un til th e r e i g n o f Hadr i an

w h en a fte r th e r e v ol t a
,
n d d e s tr u cti on o f Ba r -C och a ba nd h is

foll ow e r s th e Ro m a ,
n c i ty of Z Eli aC a p itol i n aw as fou n de d on
th e r u i n s of th e a n ci e n t J e ru s a l e m T In th a t c i ty n o Je w .

w a s p er m i tte d to d w e ll a n d th e p r oh i b i ti o n w o ul d n a
, tu ra lly
e x te n d to th o s e C h r i s ti a n s o f J e w i s h or i g i n w h o h a d n ot r e
n oun c e d th e c u s to m s of th e i r for e fa th e rs :t T h i s c i r cu m s ta n ce .

l e d to ad i v i s i o n i n th e C hu r c h th e Ge n ti l e m e m b e r s o f i t , ,

to g eth e r w i th th e l e s s r i g i d Je w i s h C hr i sti a n s e s ta bl i s h i n g ,

s ‘
Ens ch . H
. E . iii .

t
‘
Eu s eb . H
. E iv a pte r 5 Eus ebius gives a l is t of
. . 6 . In ch

fi fte en bish ops of J e rus al e m of J e w i sh r ac e dow n to th e tim e o f ,

th e r e v ol t i n Ha dr ia n s r ei n ; bu t th es e th o u h n om i n a l y i op s
’

g g l b s h ,

o f J er u s al e m c oul d h ar dly h av e r es i de d i n th at city w h i ch r e m ain e d

, ,

u n in h abite d e x c ept by aR o m a n
g a r r i s on i n i ts to w e r s
( J o s e ph u s ,

B J v ii
. . til l Ba
. r c o ch a b s e iz e d i t a nd a tte m p te d to r ebu il d th e
te m pl e N ea H st i p 4 75 ay s th a e C h ur ch i s s a
.n d er
( C h i ) s . t th . . i d
.

to h a v e r etur n ed to J er u s ale m but gi v e s n o auth or ity for th e s tate ,

m en t a n d s e e m s to d o ubt i ts tr u th (s e e p
,
It i s p os s ibl e .
,

h o w ev e r a s Mil m a,
n s upp o s e s Hi s t of J ew s 1 1
( p t h a t s om e .
,
. .

s or t of r u d e to w n m a h av e gr o w n u o n th e w r eck of th e c i ty ;
y p
an d i f s o i t i s p os s ibl e th a
, ,
t th e J u da iz in g Ch ri s tian s m ay h ave
o n e ba ck t o Pe l l aa fte r th e e di c t o f Ha d ri a n C f Ne a n de r l o
g
. . . .
,

p 4 7 6 ; Li gh tfoot Galati an s p
. , ,
.

J t i D i al o Tr h c 16 O f N ea n d e r Ch Hi s t i p 4 7 5
i u s n yp,
. . . . . .
,
. . . .

R i ts ch l , E n ts teh un g der A lth K i r c h e, . p .

86 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

w or s h i p of th e Ph ar i s e e s ; an d w h i l e th ey t h e m s e lv e s ,

o b s e r v e d th e ce r e m on i a l l aw th e y di d n ot for ce i t on th e ,

h e ath e n T h ey ack n o w le dg e d th e ap os tl e Paul as ate ach er

.

O f D i v i n e w i s d om w h o m God h a ,
d p e cul i a r ly c h o se n for h i s

i n s trum e n t for th e purp os e of bri n gin g th e ti d in g s of

,

sa lv ati on to th e h e a th e n n a ti on s T hey l a m e n te d th e un .

b e l i e f of th e ir ow n p eopl e an d l on ge d for th e ti m e w h e n ,

th e y a l s o s h oul d be c on ve rte d to th e Lor d w h om the y h ad

c r uc i fi e d a n d re n ou n c e a
, l l th e ir i d ol s T h e n n oth i n g w oul d .

b e d on e by th e p ow e r o f m a n b ut e v e r y th i n g w h i c h S a ,
ta n s et

up i n opp os iti on to th e k i n g dom O f God w oul d fall d ow n by

th e p ow e r of Go d a nd a ll w h o h a d h ith e rto pl e a s e d th e m
'

s e lv e s i n th e fa
,
n c y of th e i r ow n w i s do m w ou l d b e c on v e r te d ,

to th e L or d T h e y th ough t th a
. t th e y fou n d th i s p r om i s e i n
th e p r oph e c i es of I s a i ah (xxx i 7 T h e co n cl u s i on w h i c h
.
,

w e a r e e n titl e d to dr a w cl e a r ly f rom a ll th i s i s th a t fr om th e ,

v ery ti m e s of th e ap os tl e s v ar i ou s s orts of Jew i s h C hr i sti an s

s p re a d th e m s e lv e s a br oad w h i ch p e opl e h av e b e en le d i n to
,

c on fus i n g w i th e a c h oth e r by th e com m o n n a m es w h i c h w e re

g i v en to th em .
’

T hese a re th e p e opl e h e i rs of th e chu r ch of Pe ter an d

,

o f Ja m e s from w h om w e h a
,
v e th e m os t r el i c s of th e Gos p e l
ac c or din g to th e He bre w s a n d w h os e h i s tory a,
n d ch a ra cte r ,

I v e n tur e to th i n k fu rn i s h w a rr a
,
n t i n i ts fa vour r ather t h an
ag ai n st i t .

ii
( ) . W e h a v e n ow t o i n qu i r e i n to th e r e l a ti o n s i f a n y , ,

b etw e e n th e Go s p e l accordin g to th e Hebr e w s an d oth er

w ork s (a ) u n c an o n i c a l o r b
( ) c a n o n i
,
c al .

a u n ca n oni c a l b k w i th w h i c h i t h a
( ) T h e o o s m o st
(tw o

fr a n ts i n c om m on i s th a t h i ch i t a s ca l l d T s om e ti m e s
g m e ) w e

Hi e r on y m i c om m en t r a . i n Ie s a
iam , ed . Ma na
r ti a
y ,
t . iii p . . 7 9,

1 T h e i de n ti ty k s cite d un de r th e fi rs t tw o n am es i s
of th e
“
w or

in fer r e d f om th e fact th at Lactan ti u s (i v 21 ) s ays Th e Maste

r . r

r e v eal e d to th em all th o s e th in gs w h i ch Pe te an d Paul preach e d at r

R om e a ,
n d th a t p ea ch i n g w itten for r e m em b a
r ,
n ce h a
r s s u v iv e d r ,
r

M
( g a i s te a r
p e u i t i l li s orm n i aqu a e Pe t u s e t Pa u lu s R o m a e
p ae d i r r

ca v e un t e t e a ra e di c ati o i n m e m o ia m s c i p ta p e m a n sit ; a
) nd r r r
r , p
th a t th e a u th or of th e tr e a ti s e D e R eba p ti sm a te th e on ly p e s on
,
r
 R elated to any Un canon i cal B oobs ? 87

th e P r each i n
g o
f P eter, som e t i m es th e P r each i n
g o
f Pau l,

s o m et im es th e f T each i n
g h i c h p r ofe s s e d to
o P eter , a
nd w

g i v e an acco u nt of th e j oi n t p re ach i n g of th os e tw o ap os tl e s
at R om e It i s fir st q uote d by He r acl eon i n afrag m e n t of
.
,

h i s p r e s e r v e d by Or i g e n T h e da te o f He r a cle on h a
. s n ot

b e e n e x actly dete rm in e d but i t i s fair to p ut h i m at 1 7 0 A D , . .

— he ma y i n fa c t h av e b e e n a l i ttl e o l de r or y ou n g e r b u t ,

w a s a t a ra t c on te m p or a r y w i th He e s i u th fi t
n
y e g p p s e r s ,

w r i te r w h om w e ce r ta in ly kn ow to h ave qu ote d th e Gos p e l

accor din g to th e He b r ew s .

T h e s ub s ta n ce of Fr 6 a n d Fr 3 0 w a s a s w e ha
. v e s ee n .
, ,

c o n ta i n e d i n thi s w ork b ut i f e ith er b orrow e d fro m th e othe

,
r

th e a u th or o f th e Pr ea ch i n
g fo P e ter m u st ha v e b or r ow e d

from th e Gos p el accordin g to th e Heb r e w s Hi s b ook w as .

w ha t i ts n a m e i m pl i e s — a d i d a cti c w ork n ot a n eva n g el i c ,

r e cor d an d th e ov er w h e l m i n g p r e s u m p ti on i s th a
, t a n
y
e va n g el i c i n c i de n ts w h i c h i t s h a r e s w i th e arly Gos p el s w e r e

b orr ow e d fr om an d n ot by th e m .

i Th e Gosp el accor di n g to P e ter i s s ai d by T h e odo re t

(H a er F a.b ii 2 . t o h.a v e b e e n u s e d by th e N a za re n e s .

Eu se b i u s (Hi s t Ecol v i 1 2) p r e s e r ve s a
. . n a c cou n t o f i t fr o m
.

w ho c it es aPreach in g o f Pau l, s a
ys th at it re p r e s e n ts Pete r a
nd

Pa
ul as m e e tin g for th e fi r s t ti m e i n Rom e .

Th a t th e T e a c h in o f Pe te r w a s t h e sam e as th e P e a h i f
g r c n
g o

Pete r i s in fe rr e d fr om th e fa t n e ith e r O rige n ( w h o u s es both

c t th a

nam e s ) n or a n on e el s e h a s s ta te d th a t th e r e w e r e tw o di s ti n c t
y
w o rk s w ith th e s e pe ctiv e ti tle s
res .

If th e th r e e titl e s r e p e s en t th r re e w o r k s , or i f th e t w o Pr e ach

i gn s a
re on e w ork a
nd
g a n oth e r a
th e T e ach
n
y i
s u s pi c i on o f bor n ,

r ow i n t h at a tt a h d t th e Go s p e l a c c o r din to th e He br e w s w o ul d
g c e o g
be fu r th e r w e a k en e d For i n th e fi r s t pl a
. c e th er e w oul d n o l on e r
g
be th e a c cu m u l a tiv e e v i d e n c e o f tw o Fr a gm e n ts a r ee i n
g g w i th th e

sa m e book ; fo r i t w a s i n th e Pr e a c h in g o f P a u l th a t th e s ubs ta n ce

of Fr 6 a n d i n th e T e a c h in o f Pe te r th a t t h e s ub s ta n c e o f Fr 3 0
.
, g .

w a s to be fo u n d An d a s re a r d s Fr 6 if th e Pr e a c h in o f Pa u l
.
g , g .
,

be n ot th e s a mea s th a t of P e te r th e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e fo r i ts e x i s ten ce
,

be for e th e 4 th c en t : w h i le a s r e ga r d s Fr 3 0 th e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e
,
.
,

for th e e x i s te n c e o f aT e a ch in
g o f P e t e r i f i t be n o t th e s a m e a s h is ,

Pr e a ch i n b fO re a b u t 2 25 A D
g e , o . .

i H il ge n fe l d N T ecc
,tr a C a.n R e.c i v 3 9 —41 . . . .

ah ov p é i g)
'

T yi K
'
Ku r d IIé r po v Ebay y eh lp Ke n
xp p é r oc .
88 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

th e p en o f S e r ap on , Bp of An t och 1 9 1-2 1 3 i . i A D . . Wr i ti n g to
th e c hu r c h o f Rh os s us i n C l c a,
S e r a
p on ii i i s a
ys For w e,

b r e thr e n r e ce i v e b oth Pe ter an d th e oth e r Ap os tl es Tas w e

,

d o C hr i s t but th e w r i tin g s fa
,
l s ely in s cr i b e d w i th th e i r n am e
w e r e fu s e fr om e xp e r i e n c e k n ow i n g th a t s u ch h a v e n ot b e e n ,

de l i v e r e d to u s For I w h e n I w a s w i th y ou s upp o se d th a
. t
a ll w e r e in cl i n e d to a r i ght fa ith an d n ot h av i n g g on e , ,

th r ough th e Gos p e l p ro d uce d by th em i n Pe te r s n a

’
me I ,

sa i d If thi s i s all th at s ee m s to g i v e y ou di s courag e m e n t ,

l e t i t be r e a
”
d But n ow h a v i n g l e arn t th at th e ir in i n d
.
,

b e g an to lurk i n ac ertai n h er e s y i fro m w h at I h ad s ai d I

.

w i ll h a s te n to c om e a g ain to y ou ; s o th at b r e th ren l ook for , ,

m e s p e e dily T h e n f oll o w s a v e ry corr up t s e n te n ce w h i c h

’
.

ma y m e an 6
) A nd
y ou b r e th r e n a fte r u n der s tan di n g O f w h at , ,

'
H)ueTg y dp, d ds h qfio i Kai Il é r po r Kai r o be ti h h ov g A w o o r bl\ov g d w o ’ ’

,
'
dexby e fla tbc c o r br , r d 53 o v op ar t abr di r tte v dew ty pag n; b w a o c
ba ( I
’
'

y p
waa t r o ij u e fla e g 5m r d r o t a r a o i} w a eh dSo i e r
’
p j , y w é mrco r r ii p / E y ¢b y d
p .

p fi w to r e t w o a
' '
er o c w a r odg w d v r a e e o fla
’
t
’
15 w e w iov r fl
p b
‘
y e r o
p p g o
p gp c
,
' '
Ka i p i] dt eh fld w r d izw abr d r w pog bepop e r o v (i i bp an Hé r po v E ii ay y eh t o v
’
/

' '
ra waé a
’
ei w o r br t e i r o ii r o d r d do xo ii r
p p / x
m i
'
eo r t
n y
p x ew o xzv r,

d r ay w w o né o flw de p add y dr t alps o e i r w i 6 V 0 l abr a

’ ’
n E
’ '

w r ec ui h e v e r
p
'
. /

in ddo w é o flat l d e, ( li ar s , d deh

’
rd w h exfle r r w r
p ot
'
o w ov
’
w dh w y er w
pdg ti
fi
' '
doi d r é no i n r dxe t ara a o e r o r bw o i a dé , d deh cpo l ,
’
tm
g , p
w oo
c
h p . g K

57V aipe o e w g b M a a vr i fi ra roa fi

'
r o g Ka Ea a
’
i r d th it h e r
’
'

p m , g r r t obr o
y )
r
p fl
in » i1i ue r y d w a
’
Edv r i7 0m
’
0 8 0 66 i f « é y pdg bn p p d h h w v r ifn / d o nno d r
.

rw v a br b r o ii r o r d Ebay y é h to r , r o v r é o r i T lil V Bradbxw r r i m nar apE a/z é r w r

at r oii , o il s o nr dg Kah o bjue v — r d y dp (bpo myjuar a r d w h ei o r a e nei r w v
' ’

to r i r ii g di dao nah i ag— xpno dp e v o t w ap abr d w dteh flsi r Kai eijpei v r d Iu e r

’ ‘

w h e to r ar o b op tio i} Aby ov r o i Ew r fi
’

po g, r w d 33 w
po o dce o r ah p é ra,
it ea
r l i
il w er dfap e r tp i u Hilge n fel d m ak e s n o r em a
'

. r k on th e d f ficu t e s of i li
i
th s te x t .

1 T h ere i s a n e th i s bu t i n ap a
n o n eed toa p r t of w h i c h
a ch
”

g s s e
g ,

i s c er ta in ly c or rupt on e n atur ally s u spe cts a p e culi ar e x pr e s s ion

lik e di g X pm r o r a s w e do C h r i s t Is i t p o s s ibl e th a
‘
t w e s h ou l d
’ ’
’
.

r e ad e i th e r (be c o r o i)
‘
a C s s o
s h r i t r ( be xpn o r o l— d w odexop e fla(fi g
’ ’

x pno r
‘
o l w e r e c e i v e i n r i gh t-m i n d e d n e s s fo r m in
g a n an ti th e s i s to

di g i p w u po c w apatr o bp efla p e ie n c e i w e r e fu s e fr om ex r
’

1 D oe s h e m er ely m ea n th at th e c h e e ful n e s s of h i s p e m i s s i o n r r

l e d th e m to s e t g e ater s to e by ah e e ti c a l Gosp el or c an i t be th at
r r r ,

th ey fanc i ed th e w or d s r d Boro s u i n h i s an s w e r w er e i n te n d e d to
c on v e
y co ve rt ppr o bation
a of i ts Dok e ti c p i n c ip l e s
r

I j
c o n e ct ur e T p ei g fo r f g befor e
( i K ai , a
n d p r oba
bly 1) i
 90 T aG o os pel accor di ng to Me Heor ezos .

h i m s elf (Hi s t Ecol iii 3 ) m e n ti on s th e Gos p e l

Eu s e b i u s . . .

accor din g to Pete r a m on g se v e r a l w ork s attr ib ute d to Pe te r

i( n c ludi n g th e Pr e ach in g) w hi c h w e do n ot k n ow to h av e
b ee n e v er r e ck on e d by tr aditi on am on g cath ol i c w r i ti n g s ,

s i n c e n o e c cl e s i asti c a l w riter an c i e n t or m odern h as e m , ,

pl o y e d th e ir te sti m on y In th i s h ow e v e r h e i s w r on g for
.
’
, , ,

O ri g e n r efer s to i t (Horn i n Matt x 1 7 ) a s a s s e r ti n g th a

. t . .

th e b r e thr e n of J e s u s w e r e s on s of J os e ph by afor m er w i fe ,

av i e w of w h i ch h e p roce eds to de cl ar e h i m s elf as upp orter .

It i s u n lu cky th a t w e ha v e n o fu rth er in form ati on ab ou t

th i s Gos p e l a n d th a t n o s p e cim en h a s b e e n p re s e r v e d o f w h at
S er a n n —
p i o c on s i de re d i ts D ok eti c in terp ol ati o s e s p e c i ally as
w e k n ow from ch ar g e s of forg i n g c e rtain v ar i ou s r e adi n g s
,

b r ough t ag ai n s t M ar c i on (s e e Pr of We s tcott i n S m i th s .
’

Bi ble D i cti on a ii th a t u h us p i c i on s m i gh t go too

a
r
y s c ,
s .

fa r . But w h a te v e r i ts ch a
,
ra cte r n d w h e th er or n ot i t w a s ,

u s e d by th e Na za r en e s the re i s n ot th e r e m ote s t tr a,
ce o f

an y c on n e x ion b e tw e en i t an d th e Go s p el acc ord i n g to th e

Hebre w s .

( )
b We are fre e to e x am i n e th e r el ation (i f an y ) o f
n ow

th e Gos p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s to b ook s i n s i de th e

Ca n on of th e N e w T e s tam en t T h e on ly s a ti s fac tor y w a

y .

o f c on du cti n g th i s e x a ti on i s to a
m in a na ly s e th e in ter n al

w h ih c h e foun d in i
lation i n h i s dioce se
c r cu .
’
But i n v ol . 11 . 16 7 h e
w r it es Th e fa t Se a
c t th a pion i n th e th i r r d c e n tur y allow e d th e
Gosp e l of Pe ter to be us e d i n th e c h ur ch of Rh os s u s sh o w s at th e
s am e i
t m e th e c on s id
ation i n w h ich i t w a er s h el d a n d th e i n c om

p l e te n e s s o f th e c an on i c al p o s i ti o n o f t h e N e w T e s tam e n t w r i ti n
gs .
’

Note th a t w h en h e w i s h e s to e x a lt an u n can oni cal book i t i s S e r a

pion w h o be cam e bish op o f An ti och abou t A D
, bu t w h e n h i s . .

obj e ct i s to s h ow th e i n com pl e te n e s s of th e c a n on i c al p os i tion of

th e N e w T e s ta m e n t w ritin gs i t i s S er a pi on in th e th ir d c e n tury
o f c ou r s e i t i s li k e ly th a t th e Gosp e l a c c or din
g to Pe te r w a s br ou h t
g
to S e r a pi on at h i s fir s t v i s itati on of th e ch ur c h of Rh os s us an d als o ,

th a t th i s v i s ita ti on took pl a ce a t a n
y ra te d ur i n g th e fi r s t n in e y e a rs

of h i s bi s h opr i c .

'
adok m ai g tap e r r apadf dop é v d, or t p fi
'
O v d 6t
’
a
’

EV K re d
px i w v

i - r Gw x aG 7) d
’
r t g é mck nm aar ucog av y y pacpf dg r ai q £5 aizr di r o v r e
'
'
‘

p n e

xp i a
raro a rv ia
p p p tg .
 R elati on to C an on i cal Boot s .
or

e v i den ce afforde d by e ach fr ag m en t i n tu r n an d to tabul ate ,

an d s u m up o ur r e s ults after w h i ch but n ot b e for e w e s h all

, , ,

be e n ti tl e d to dr a w c on clu s i on s .

Fr 1 (Eb i on ite ) h as n o e v a
. n g el i c a l p ar all e l It l ook s as .
,

I ha v e al r e ady s ai d l ike am er e c om p i l ation (an d a v ery

b al d on e ) from can on i c al data T h e obj ect o f i t—to attach
,
’
.

to th e Go s p e l th e s ta m p o f d i re ct a p os tol i c au th ority—i s i n
a n
y c a s e s u s p i c i ou s I.t ag r ee s w i th t h e th re e S yn op ti cs

w h e n i t m e n ti on s th e c a ll of tw e lve ap os tl e s th e fact th at ,

S i m on h a d a h ou s e a t Ca p h a rn a h u m a nd i f ,L e v i an ,
d
Ma tth e w be on e (w h i c h I gr e a tly d ou b t) th e c a ll o f Matth ew
,

( o t h e r w i s e w i th M a tt h e w o n ly ) W i th .M a tt h e w a n d J oh n

a l on e i t c all s I s car i ot th e Is cari ot (un l e ss th e arti cl e be d ue

‘

to Epi p h a n i us
) W. i th M a rk a l on e i t s a y s th a t J e s u s e n te r e d

a h ou s e after ordai n i n g th e T w elv e an d w i th h i m al on e ,

p r ob a b l y r w i th h i m a d M a h i g i v h na f
( ) o n tt e w t e s t e m e o o ne

o f th e m a s T ha dd a eu s Wi th Luke al on e i t s tate s th e age

.

of J e su s ,
ca ll s th e s e a of Gal i lee a lak e an d S i m o n th e
‘ ’

Ca na na ea th e Z ea but i n Ar a ma i c on e w or d r epr e s e n ts
’
n lo t
s eaa n d la ke a n d Ca
' na na ea n m ea n s Z ea lot s o th a t th e Ar a ma ic
, ,

or i g i n a l of th e fr ag m e n t (i f i t h ad on e ) w oul d n ot s h ow
th e s e tw o p e cu l i a r i ti e s of Luk e s Gos p e l La s tly w i th Joh n
’
.
,

al on e i t attache s to th e se aof Gal il e e th e n a

‘

m e of th e tow n
Ti ber i a It i s cl e a th e r e for th a t th e a u th or of th i s
’
s
. r , ,

frag m en t h as n ot b orr ow e d s p e ci ally from an y on e of our

Go s p e l s but h e i s m u c h to be s u s p e c te d of h a v in g b orr ow e d
i m p arti ally from at l e ast tw o .

Fr 2 (N az a
. ren e
) i s q u o te d by J e r o m e as M a tt 11 5 . .
,

exa ctly a s i t s ta n d s i n th e C ur e ton i a n Syr i a c a n d o th e r

au th or iti e s : Bethl e h e m i s c alle d Bethl e h em of J u da e a in

’

Ma tth e w on ly a ,
n d i s n ot m e n ti on e d i n M a rk .

Fr 3 (Na za M a ii v b a i h
. r en e
) tt . 1 5 e r. t m ,: t e r e i s n o

pa ra ll e l i n th e othe r Gos p el s .

Fr 4 (Na
. za ren e
) M att 1 1 . 23 v e r.b ati m : th ere i s n o
,

p arall e l i n th e oth er Gos p el s .

Fr 5 (Eb i on ite) a
. g re e s g e n e r ally i n s ub s tan ce w ith th e
th re e Sy n op ti c s V (l ) i n th e s hor te s t v er s i on b e ar s as l i ght
. .

tr a ce o f c on n e x i on w i th M a tt iii 1 o r i ts a
. .r ch e typ e th e tw o ,

l on ge r v er s ion s am uch s tron g e r on e T h e l on g e s t v er s i on .

a l s o in trodu c e s m e n ti on p e c ul i ar to Luke of th e p ar en tag e

, ,
9 2 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

of Joh n th e Bapt st i and th e p i e sth ood of Caap h a Both r i s .

’

th e l on g e v e s i on s con ta
r in th e ph as e bap ti m f p n tan
r r s o re e ce,
’

fou n d i n Mak an d Luk e on ce an d tw i ce i n A cts an d o n e of

r , ,

th e m s p e a k s of th e i Jo d a n a s d o e s M ak i 5
r v er A ga in r ,
r . .

‘
b ga n ba ti i n g B a i a g i h '
’ ’
é
’
th e w o d s r
p e
( y ) z r e e w t sf s v sr o rrr w v

th e r e a d i n g i n M ak i 4 h i ch th ough p ob ably w on g i s
r . w ,
r r ,

th a t o f th e g e a t ma j o ity o f M SS an d v e s ion s V (2)

r r . r . .

Ma tt iii 5 a
. n d Ma
. rk i ,
5 : th e m en ti on o f P h ai ees . r s
’

Ma tt iii 7 Jo h n i 24 a
. .
,
nd all J u al m i s p e cul i a
.
, r to er s e

Ma tth e Maw rk h a
,
v in g all th e y of Je u s al e m V (8 ) r .
’
.

Ma tt iii 4 a
. n d M ak i 6 w i th th e o m i s s i o n
. r p o s s i bly d ue
.
, ,

to Eb i on ite v e g e tai a n i sm
‘
l o cu sts T h e p r oph e cy i n
’
of r ,
.

s e te d i n M a
r tt iii 3 M ak iii 8 Luk e iii 4 J ohn i 2 3 i s
. .
,
r .
,
.
'

,
.

o m i tte d a l so p os s ibly out of h os til ity to th e p oph e ts y e t

,
r :

th e e i s n o s u c h r e a
r s on w h y M a tt iii 2 s h oul d h a v e b een . .

l e ft out e x ce p t m ayb e to ag e e w i th th e fo m of M ark an

,
r r -

u n w i s e ai m i n ap ofe s se dly Mat th ae an Gos p el r .

It i s di fi i c ul t to m a k e m u ch out of all th i s T h e ou tli n . e

of th e p a ss a g e acc or din g to th e s h o te st c op e s ag e e s cl os ely r l r

w ith Ma rk v v x a ly p n di n g i n or de w i th
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 , 3 e c t . c o e s o rr r

M ak i 4 5 6 V ( 2 ) i s m u c h m or e l i ke M a
r .
, , . . tth e w f om ,
r

w h o m th e b e g i n n i n g of v
( )
1 a l s o s ee m s t o b e a b i d g. e d O f r .

Lu k e an d p ar ate tr ace i n th e s h or te s t
J oh n th e r e i s no se

C op i e s .In th e l on g e r v e r s i on v (1 ) c on ta in s tr ac e s of con .

n e x i on w i th M a tth e w (on e) M a r k (on e L uk a nd a

) e ( )
on e , , ,

phr as e fou n d i n M ar k an d Luk e s w r itin g s on ly ’

.

A lto g eth e r w e m u s t I th i n k ta k e th e fr ag m en t as all i ed

, ,

m or e n e a r ly to Ma tth e w th a n to o ur oth e r Go s p e l s a n d m ust ,

as s i g n i ts o m i s s i on s an d ad di ti on s to dogm ati c d i sh on e sty on

th e p a r t o f th e Eb i on i te s r e c o g n i s i n g th e ce r ta i n ty th at th e y
,

u s e d L uk e or a s i m i l ar Go s p e l an d th e full p o s s i b il i ty th at ,

th e y u s e d M a r k for th e i r p ur p os e ,
.

Fr 6 (N a za r en e h a n o eva n g el i c al p ara ll el I n v 1
.
) s ( ) . .

beh old i s a w or d s p e c i a lly ch ar acter i s ti c of M atth e w an d

Luk e ; th e titl e L or d u s e d i n S p e a
‘
k in g of Je s us i s al m os t
th ou gh n ot qu i te p e cul i a r to L u k e a
‘
n d J oh n ; r r em i s s i on
f o

appl i h b ap i s m by M a rk a n d Lu k e o n ly
’
o si n s J
f i s e d t o o n s t ,

th ough M a tth e w s a y s th at th o s e b ap ti z ed c on fe s s e d th e ir
s in s r em i ss i on of s i n s o c c ur s e i gh t ti m e s i n th e w r i ti n g s o f

Luk e a g ai n st s e v en tim es i n all th e oth er b ook s of th e N T . .

94 T h e G ospe l accor di ng to th e H ebrew s .

an Eb i on ite u rce an d w e h ave s ee n g o od r e as on to doub t

so ,

th e h on e s ty of th e Eb i on i te te x t ; i n Fr 5 m or e o v e r w e .
, ,

d e te cte d i n s om e o f th e Eb i on ite c op i es s i g n s th a t Lu k e or ,

at l e as t s o m e k i n dre d w ork to Luk e h ad b e e n l ai d u n der ,

c on tr i buti o n But o n th e oth e r h a

.
,
n d n on e o f th e s u s p e c te d ,

Eb io n ite c or ru pti o n s s e e m to h a v e b ee n m ade w ith out an

obj e ct w h er e a
,
s i t i s d i ffi c ul t to se e w h a t e n d th e r e v i s e r of
[

aM att ae a h n g r o u n d -te x t h a d to g a i n by ado pti n g Luk e iii 2 1 .

i n p r e fe re n c e to M a tt iii 1 3 by tr a . . n s p os in g M a
,
tt iii 1 4 1 5 . .
, ,

or by in tr od u ci n g th e q ue sti on of J oh n a n d th e l a s t v oi c e

from h e a v e n It w as i n dee d n e ce s s ary to tran s p o s e M att

. .

iii 1 4 1 5 i f John s q ue s ti on an d th e h e av en ly an s w er
.
,
’

w e r e i n s e r te d b ut w h y i n s e r t th e m P
‘
,

Fr 8 (N az a h a n o eva n gelic p a ra ll l b h e r e sti n g

. ren e
) s e u t t ,

o f th e S p i r i t ( w i th th e s up e r n a tur a l l i ght of Fr 7 ) m ay ju s t .

p os s ibly be all ude d to i n 1 Pe t i v 14 w h il e r es ted up on .

‘
.
,

h i m i s th e r e a di n g of th e C ure ton i a n Sy r i a c in Ma tt iii 1 6 . . .

A s i n gl e phr a
‘
th a ha s i ts a na
’
se t r ei gn es t for ev er
,
l ogy i n ,

Luk e .

Fr 9 ( N a
. za re n e ? ) Matt i v 5 an d Luk e i v 9 s p ea
. . k in g .
,

o f J e ru s a lem w i th th e l a tte r a n d n ot
‘
th e h oly c i ty w i th
th e fo rm e r A Na
. za r en e r e v i s e r of th e c a n on i c a l M atth ew
w oul d s u r e ly h a v e k e p t th e h oly c i ty ’
.

Fr 1 0 (N az a
. re n e
) s e e m s t o M a tt v 2 2 a n d n o o th. e r .
,

p as s age T h e m e ta
. ph or ic al u s e o f br oth er i s s p e c i ally
ch a ra cte r i s ti c o f Ma tth e w a s rega r d s th e Gos p e l s
, .

Fr 1 1 (Na
. za ren e
) d o e s n o t a
n y p as s ag e i n t h e G o s p e l s .

T h e w or d ri g/ aw n w h i ch w oul d r e p r e s e n t ca
, ri ta s i n Gre e k i s ,

S p e c ia l ly ch a ra c te r i s ti c o f J o h n s Go s p e l w h i c h a l so con tai n s
’
,

s ever a l i nj u n cti on s to th e d i s ci pl e s to l ov e each oth er but th e ,

ten or of th e fr a g m en t i s f ar m or e s ugg e s ti ve of M atth e w

p a t i c ul ar ly
) r Lu k e
( r o .

Fr 1 2 (N a
. za r en e
) M a tt v i 1 1 L uk e .x i .3 o n
,
ly .
,
.

Fr 1 3 (Eb i on i te )
. Ma tt x 25 on ly . .
, .

Fr 1 4 i s q u ote d by Eus e b i u s i n r efer en ce to M a

. tt x 3 4 . .
,

L uk e x ii 5 1 . It h a. s n o e va n gel i c p a ra ll e l Wh om m y .

Fath er i n th e h eav en s h ath gi v e n m e r e ca ll s Joh n x v ii 6 th e .

,

m e n w h i c h th ou g a v e s t m e o ut of th e w o rl d : th i n e th ey w e r e
an d th ou g av e s t th e m m e s p ok e n by J e s u s to th e Fath e r
,
’
,

an d i b 9 I p r ay n ot for th e w or l d bu t for th e m w h i ch
.
‘
, ,
 R elati on to C an on i cal Booh s .

th o u h as t g i v e n m e But Fath er i n th e h eav en s p oin ts v ery

.
’

s tr on gly to M a tth e w w h o i s a l s o m or e abu n d an t th an h i s

,

fe ll ow Ev a n g e l i s ts i n p r e ce p ts of g o o d w i ll to o th e r s .

Fr 1 5 (Na
. za ren e
) i s a n a d d i t i o na l d e ta i l t o a s to r y to l d
i n Ma tt x i i 9 s e qq
. . Ma r k iii 1 s e qq .
,
Lu k e v i 6 s e qq
. .
,
. .

Vi ctum s u s ten a n ce ma y an s w e r to B l ov a w or d u s e d n e v e r ,

by M atth e w or Joh n on c e by Mark but fo ur ti m e s by L uk e

, ,

bu t i t m a y a l s o c orre s p o n d to r m x iv
p / Th e s i m pl e a dd re s s .

J es u s i s o n ly fo u n d i n Luk e xx iii 4 2 (b e s t r e a d in g) J e s u s
.

is a d dr e s s e d by n a m e ( w i th a ddi ti o n a l e p ith e ts ) tw i ce m or e
i n Luke a ,
n d th r i c e i n M a rk bu t n o t a t a ll i n Joh n or
,

Ma tth e w (a c c or d i n g to th e b es t r e a d i n g of Ma tt i x . .

Sha m efu lly beg for food r e c a ll s L uk e xv i 3 to be g I am

’
.
,

as h am e d . Al to g e th er w e h a
’
v e r e as on to s u s p e ct r el ati o n s
w i th Lu k e .

Fr 1 6 (Eb i on i te )
. Matt x n 4 7 5 0 Ma — . rk iii . 32 5-
, .
,

L uk e v iii 20 2 1 . V (l ) agr ee s m os t n e arly w ith M atthe w

,
. .
,

L uk e n ot h a v i n g th e w ord b eh ol d an d M ar k i n tr odu ci n g
’
,

th e s i s te r s of J e s u s V (2) i s as h ade n e ar e r to Mark th an

. .

to M a tth e w ; L uk e o m i ts th e q u e s ti on V (3 ) doe s n o t . .

p oi n t to an y but i s a l ittl e n e ar er to M atth e w th an to th e

,

o th e r s . Al tog e th e r th e r e i s m os t tra c e of c on n e x i o n w i th

Ma tth e w .

Fr 1 7 . M att xv 2 4 (ve rb a . ti m ) o n ly
.
, .

Fr 1 8 (N a
. za ren e ?
) M a tt xv i 1 7 o n ly . . .

Fr 1 9 ( Na
. za re n e
) M a t t xv iii 2 1 2 2 L. uk e xv ii 3 4 .
, , .
,

a n d i s m u ch ne ar e r t h e fo r m e r In v ( 1 ) for g i v e n e s s i s
. .

ma d e d e p e n de n t o n th e c o n tr i ti on o f th e offe n d e r a s in ,

L uk e . In v ( 2 ) Pe ter i s i n tr od uce d a
. s q u e s ti o n i n g J e s u s on

th e s ubj e ct : L uk e om its a ll m e n ti o n o f h i m S uc h as tyl e .

as S i m on h i s di s cip le i s n ot foun d i n our Gos p e l s bu t th e

’
,

di s cip le i s m u c h m or e fr e q ue n t i n M a tth e w th a
’
w or d n in

Luk e ( m os t fr e q u e n t of a ll i n J ohn ) w h i l e on th e o th e r ,

h an d Pe te r i s s p ok e n of or to as pl ai n S i m on on ly on ce i n
M atth e w bu t s e v e n ti m e s i n M a
,
rk a n d e i g h t ti m e s i n L uk e

n A c ts (fo u r ti m e s th e s e c o n d n a
'

n ly i n J oh n ) I )
( o n c e o . m e

Pe te r i s a l w ay s add e d as i n 2 Pe t i 1 In v (3 ) th e n um b e r
,
. . . .

s ev en ty ti m es s ev en i s p e c ul i a r to M a tth e w ; th e l a tte r p a rt

o f th e v e r s e i s n o t c on ta i n e d i n e i th e r e v an g e l i s t but an oi n ted ,

by th e Ho ly Sp i r i t s a v o ur s o f Luke
’
.
 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H ebr ew s .

Fr . 20 (N az a
ren e
) w ith w i de d iffer e n c e s M att . xix .

—
1 6 24 Ma ,
—
r k x 1 7 2 5 Lu k e xv iii 18 2 5
.
— , V ( 1) s how s . . . th at
ac on v er s ati on w ith s om e oth er r i ch m an h ad g on e b e fore i t ,

an d su gg e s ts th at th e c a n on i c a l ac cou n ts m ay h av e bl e n de d
th e s e tw o con v er s a ti on s T h e tw o r i c h m e n a . s Hi l e n fe l d
g ,

sa y s r e c all Matth ew s tw o d e m on i acs (v iii 28 ) an d tw o bl in d

,
’
.

m e n (xx w h ere M a
. rk a n d Luk e o n ly m en ti o n on e ;

w h i l e on th e o th e r h a
,
n d h e spe a k s o f on ly on e an g e l at th e
,

s e p u l ch r e but L uk e a ,
n d J oh n of tw o Th e a b s e n c e of th e .

e p i th e t Goo d i n a ddr e s s i n g J e s u s a gr e e s w ith th e b e s t

r ea di n g of M a tt x i x 1 6 ‘
i n th e s e n s e of h a ‘
ve
’
Liv e. . .

e te r n a l li fe i s on ly fou n d i n L uk e x 28 am on g th e Syn op ti cs .

th e r e a r e m o r e i n s ta
‘
n c e s i n J oh n : bu t l i fe i n th e s en s e
eter n a l l i fe n e ve r o ccu r s i n L uk e but fou r ti m e s i n
‘
of ,

Ma tth e w tw i c e i n Ma ,
rk a n d of cour s e v e ry o fte n i n J oh n
, .

‘
M an i n v (2) i s afor m of addr e s s p e cul i a
. r to L u k e th e ,

c onj u n cti on of th e p r oph ets w i th th e l a w a s ac o de o f l i fe i s

e qu ally p e cul i a r to M a tth ew v (4 ) i s a l i ttl e n e a r er t o

. .

Luk e w h o h o w e v er om i ts Go th a n to th e oth er s V (5 )
’
.
, , .

r e ta i n s th e c om m an dm e n t T h ou s h alt lov e th y n ei gh bour as

th y s elf o m i tte d by M a rk a n d L uk e S on s of A br ah a
’
,
m .

s on of Ab r a h am L uk e x i x 9 an d d augh te r of A brah am .
,
’

x iii 1 6 w h i l e s ee d o f Ab r ah am o ccur s tw i c e i n J oh n
.
,
‘ ’

an d chi l dr en of Ab r ah a m on c e On S i m on h i s di s
’
.

s ee m y rem a rk s o n th e l a s t fr a
‘
ci le
p
’
v ,
. g m en t ; s i tti n
g
by h i m i s a d e ta i l r e c all i n g M atth e w A ltoge the r th at .

p art of th e fr ag m e n t w h i c h cor r e s p on d s w ith th e c an o n i c al

accou n ts agr e e s b e st w ith M atth e w ; s o do tw o p e c ul i a r i ti e s

of m a tter but th e p e c ul i a
,
r i ti e s o f s t le r e c a
y ll L u k e a n d J o h n .

Fr 2 1 (N az a
. r en e
) M a t t xx i 9 a n d Ma rk x i 1 0 v er
. . .

b atim ; subs tan ti al p ar all e l s are al so affor d ed by L uk e x i x 3 8 .

an d J oh n x ii 1 3 . .

Fr 2 2 (Na za r en e ? ) m a y n ot be v er ba ll e p t d by
.
y r r e s e n e

Jo nh v ii —
5 3 v iii 1 1
. But i f i t i s v (1 ) s tr i k i n gly a
. .
, gre e s , .

w i th Luk e x x i 3 7 (s ub s ta n ti a
. lly con fi r m e d by M atth e w ) ,

w h i l e v (2 ) offe r s a s till m or e r e m a rk a
'

. bl e p ar all e l to Luk e
xx i 3 8 ; th e w ord daw n bp dpov i s al s o p e cul i ar to L uk e ;
. ,
’ ’
,

bu t h a
‘
v in sa t d ow n i s m u ch m or e at r a i t of Ma t t h e I
g w n .

v ( 3 ) th e s cri bes an d th e P h ari s ees i s al s o rath er s ugge s ti ve

.

o f Ma tt h e w Teach er v i s a l i ttl e m ore co m m on i n

’
.
.
,
98 T h e Gospel accor d i ng to th e H ebr e w s .

p os s i bl e but i t i s e qu ally p os s i bl e th at th e v e rs e i n Luk e s

,
’

for m m ay h av e b e e n con tai n e d i n th e Gos p e l accor din g to

th e He b re w s be for e th e Ebi on i te s corr u pte d i t .

Fr 2 6 (Na
. za ren e ?
) M a t t xxv i 7 4 M a rk x i v .7 1 w i th .
,
.
,

l ittl e v ar i ation T h e i n c i den t of w h i ch i t i s ad etai l i s al s o

.

r ela te d by L uk e a n d J oh n .

Fr 2 7 (Na
. za r en e
) i s
p a r t o f a v e r s e c orr e s p on d i n g to

Matt x x v n 1 6 Ma
. . r k xv , 7 Luk e xx iii 1 8 Joh n x v iii 4 0
.
, .
,
. .

A s th e n a m e Ba ra bb as i s h e re di s tin c tly tr e ate d as as ur

’

na me t h e c i r c u m c i s i o n - na me ma a l s o ha v e b ee n g i ve n i n
, y ,

w h i ch c a s e th e re i s ap r ob a b il ity O f c on n e x i on w ith th at for m

of M a tth e w s te x t w h i c h a s s i g n e d to Ba ra bb as th e c i rcu m
’

c i s i on n a If th e w or d s w h o h a
- ‘ ‘
J es u s d b e e n c on
’
me .

d e m n e d on a cc ou n t o f s e di ti on a n d m u r d er a re pa
’
rt o f

J e r o m e s qu ota
’
ti on — w h i c h h ow e ve r I d o n ot b e l i e v e ,
— th e y ,

ar e c l os ely p a ra lle l to Luk e xx iii 1 9 . .

Fr 2 8 (Na za d i f
f r s fr om M a tt 5 1 M ar k xv
. ren e
) e x x v u . .
, .

3 8 L uk e xx iii 4 5 but i s p a
,
. rt of av e r s e a
,
n s w e r i n g to th e m .

Fr 2 9 (Na. za r e n e) h a s n o eva n g el ic p a ra ll e l but al m os t ,

u n doub te dly rep re se n ts th e story allu de d to by Paul i n

1 C or xv 7 . . V . all ude s to a fact m e n ti on e d by a
. ll fo ur
e va n g e l i s ts th a ,
t th e d e a d b o dy O f J e s u s w a s w ra pp e d i n
l i n e n : all of th e m m or e ov er S p e ak of th e s er van t O f th e
,
‘
,

h i gh -p r i e s t i n c on n e x i on w i th th e app r e h en s i on o f Je s u s .

Fr 3 0 (Naz a
. r en e
) L uk e xx i v 3 9 s ub s t a n ti a lly .
, .

Fr 3 1 (Na
. za r en e ) h a s n o e va n ge l i c p a ra ll e l T h e r e .

l ati on as s i gn ed to Je s u s an d th e Holy S p ir it r e m i n ds u s
s om e w h a t of M a tt i 1 8 a n d L uk e i 3 5
. . . .

Fr 3 2 h a
. s n o eva n g el i c p a ra ll e l T h e S p i r itu a l us e O f .

th e w or d r es t i s c on fi n e d to M a tth e w
’
.

Fr 3 3 (Eb i on ite ) h a
. s n o eva n g el i c p a ra ll el but s ugg e s ts ,

th a t th e Eb i on i te Gos p e l c on ta i n e d ap as s ag e corre s p on di n g
to L uk e x iii 1 -3 i n w h i c h th i s fr a
.
,
g m e n t oc c up i e d th e pl ace
o f L uk e x iii 3
. . Th e w r ath s ugg e s ts L uk e or Ma
. tth e w .

N ow le t u s ta bul ate our res ults

i O t f 3 3 Fra g m e n ts th e fo ll o w i n g 10 a en t r e i ly in
( ) .u O re

d e p e n de n t Of th e c a i
n on c al n a
rr ati v e s —n o s . 1 , 6, 8 , 1 1 , 1 4 ,
2 2 , 2 9 , 3 1 , 3 2, 3 3 . Of th e s e 5 co m e fr o m a N az are n e
to us

s ou rc e ( , ,
6 8 1 1 ,
2 9 ,
2 (b oth v e ry s uS i c i ou s
p ) fr o m an
 R elation to Can on i cal Booh s .
99

Eb i on i te so an d 3 fr om a s our c e u n d ete r m i n ed
u rce (1
a
,

( 14 22
,
3 2 )— o
,
n e o f w h i c h ( )
2 2 i s p r ob a bly N zar en e .

So la r g e ap r o p or ti o n of p e c ul i a r i ti e s i s r e ma rk a bl e i f w e
com p a r e th e Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s w i th M a tth e w
or M a r k but n o t i f w e c o m p a
,
r e i t w i th L uk e w h o h a s a b ou t ,

8 2 s e cti on s i n co m m on w i th th e m but 3 7 p e c ul i a ,
r to

h i m s e lf .

Th e fr ag m e n ts ab ov e s p e ci fi ed do n ot tak e n tog e th er , ,

g i v e con v i n c in g e v i de n ce of a c on n e x i on w i th an y of th e
ca n on i c a l Gos p el s But of th e 5 N az are n e Fr ag m e n ts 2
.

(6 ,
8 ) p r e s e n t v e rb a l an a l o g i e s to
gL u k e a n d 2
,
o th e r s (1 1 ,

3 1 ) so m e l ittl e s ub s ta n ti a l an al o g i e s to b oth M atth e w an d

Luk e . Of th e 2 Eb i o n ite Fr a g m e n ts 1 s ugg e s ts r el ati on
to Luk e but on e w or d a t th e l e a s t i s s pu r i ou s th e oth e r

( )
1 i s a l m o s t e qu a lly s u s p i c i o u s an d m ,
ay b e a c o m p o u nd

from our Go s p e l s Of th e 3 n e utr al frag m e n ts Fr 1 4 s ee m s

.
,
.

to h a v e b ee n c o nn e cte d w i th M atth e w an d Luk e an d i s ,

an a l o g ou s to p ass ag e s i n Matth ew an d J oh n ; Fr 2 2 (i f w e .

h av e th e r i ght te xt) m os t n e arly app r oac h e s L uk e an d n e x t ,

to h i m M a tth e w an d Fr 3 2 s ugg e s ts M atth e w

. .

Fi r s t D edu cti on T h e Gos p e l a

. c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s

con ta i n e d m atter e n tir ely i n de p e n d en t O f th e can on i c al

na rr a ti v e s T h e p ro p o rti o n o f th i s m a
. tte r w oul d be n e a r ly

i f i t w ere th e s am e through ou t th e Gos p e l as i n th e

Fr a gm e n ts .

S econ d D educti on T h e i n de p e n d e n t fr a
. g m e n ts S h o w
p ar all el s O f th ou ght an d e xp r e s s i on to th e c an on i cal n arr a
ti v e s m or e e s p e c i a
,
lly th os e of M atth e w an d Luk e .

ii O f h rem a i n i n g 23 Fr a g n ts 2 o n ly N a a
( ) . u t o t e m e ( z r e n e ,

21 a nd 2 7) a re p a ra ll e l to p as s ag e s con tai n e d i n all fou r O f

o u r Go s p e l s o r to p a , ssa g e s con tai n e d i n Joh n T h e form e r .

fra g m en t i s s o v e ry Sh or t th at w e c an n ot te ll to w h i c h
e va n g e li st i t c a m e n ea r e s t but th e r e i s r e a
, s on to s us p e ct

th a t it w a s a k i n to o n e for m of Matth e w s te xt an d if th e ’

—
,

w or d s i n clu de d by Hi l e n fe l d s h oul d be a d m i tt e d w hich i s

g
m os t d o ub tful — a d e c i d e d p a ra lle l to Luk e i s e s tabl i s h e d .

T h e oth e r fr a g m e n t agre e s v e rb ati m w i th M atth e w an d

Ma r k o n ly p a
,
r ti ally w i th L uk e an d J oh n .

S i x fra g m e n ts (5 1 5 1 6 2 0 28 ) a
, , , , re p ar all e l to
Ma tth e w M a ,
rk an d Luk e O f th e s e 5 7 1 6 are Eb i on ite
, .
, , ,

H 2
 IO O Th e Gospel accor di ng to th e H ebr ew s .

th e ot h er th re e Naz aren e Fr 5 in i ts sh orte st for m i s ap . .

p ar e n t l y a ll i e d t o M a t t h e w : i n i ts l on g e r for m s i t a l m o s t
p r ov e s th at th e Eb i on ites w er e c ap abl e of i n te rp ol ati n g fro m
L uke or d ocu m e n ts u s e d by or d e r i v e d fr o m h i m an d ,

s ugg e s ts th e u se of M a rk a l s o Fr 7 i s cl os e ly all i e d to b oth . .

Ma tth e w a n d Luk e a n d e sp e ci a ,
lly to s e con d c en tury te xts
o f th e s e Gos p e l s : i t a l s o con tai n s an e x traor din ary p ar alle l
to a n i n c i d e n t th r i c e to l d i n A c ts In Fr 1 6 th er e i s m os t . .

l ik en e s s to M atth e w In th e N az ar e n e Fr 1 5 w h i ch h as
. .
,

n o corr e s p on di n g v e r s e i n o ur Go s p e l s th e r e i s al i k e n e s s to ,

L uk e s ph r a s e ol o gy Fr 2 0 w h er e i t r un s p a ra ll e l to th e
’
. .
,

ca n on i c a l acc oun ts ag r e e s b e s t w ith Matth ew but i n S tyl e

, ,

i s n ea r e r to Lu k e a n d J oh n Fr 2 8 y i el d s n o e v i de n ce
. . .

Th i r d D edu cti on T h e r e i s n o e v i de n c e th a
. t th e Gos p e l
accor din g to th e He b r e w s con tain e d m atte r p e c ul i a r to or

de r i ve d fr o m J oh n .

Four th D edu cti on It con ta in e d m atter s ub stan ti ally

.

com m on to th e th re e Sy n o pt i s ts th e p a s sa g e s i n clu di n g th i s
b ou t a
,

ma tte r for m i n g a O f t h e F ra g m e n ts
; .

Fifth D edu cti on S u ch p a

. s sa g e s tak en al to g eth er S h ow
S p e ci a l l ik e n es s to Matth e w an d Luk e .

O n e fr a gm e n t (26 N az are n e ) i s p ar all e l to M atth e w an d

,

Ma r k on ly a ,
n d i s e qu a lly n e ar to e ach Half of an oth er .

fragm e n t (25 Eb i on i te ) i s al s o p arall e l to th e s e tw o al on e

, ,

an d i s n e a r e r to M a tth e w .

S i x th D edu cti on T h er e i s n o e v i de n c e th a
. t th e Gos p e l
accor di n g to th e He b re w s con tai n e d an y m atter p e cu l i ar to ,

or der i v e d fr om Ma rk ,
e x ce p t m a yb e i n th e i nterp ol ate d
, , ,

Eb i on ite Fr 5 . .

Fi v e fra g m e n ts (9 1 2 1 9 2 3 2 4) ar e p ar all el to Matth ew

, , , ,

a n d L u k e o n ly A.l l th e s e a r e N a z a r e n e e x c e p t t h e l as t— Of ,

w h i ch th e s our c e i s u n d e te r m i n e d Fr 9 i s n e a r e r to L u k e . .
,

but n o s tr e s s c a n be la i d O n th e on e w or d J eru s alem Fr

‘ ’
. . .

1 2 i s i de n t i c a l w ith b oth Fr 1 9 i s n e arer to M atth e w but

. .
,

w i th d i s ti n ct p o i n ts O f r e s e m bl a n c e to L u k e Fr 2 3 S h ow s . .

gr e ater affi n i ty to Matth e w an d i s fre e fr om th e m i s tak e of ,

th e Gr e e k . Fr 24 p oi n ts de c i de d ly to Luk e if Eu s e b i us h as
.

ke p t th e w or din g Of h i s or i g i n al .

S ev en th D edu cti on T h e Go s p e l a
. c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s

con ta i ne d m atter p e c ul i ar to Matth e w an d Luke th e p as s age s ,

10 2 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H ebr e w s .

th e a
l ter ati on of th a
t v er se an d Matt iii . 1 . In Fr 7 . we fai l
to see w hy Ma
tt . as di s c a
iii . 13 r d e d i n fa
w vou r o f L uk e iii .

w h y Joh n s qu e s ti o n a n d th e s e c on d h e a v en ly v o i ce are
’
21
b r ought i n ; w h y th e p os iti on of M att iii 1 4 1 5 i s alter e d . .
,
.

It w a s i n de e d n e e dfu l to S h i ft th e s e l a s t v e r s e s i f J oh n s
’
, ,

qu e sti on an d th e h e av en ly a n s w er w er e i n s er te d but to ,

w ha t e n d i s th i s i n s e rti o n ? A g a i n as r e g ar ds L uke th e, ,

l i ght on J ordan an d J oh n s qu e s ti on are s o s tr ik i n gly l ik e

’

th e l i ght a t Pa ul s c on v e rs i o n an d h i s q ue sti on th at the r e

’

s e e m s to be s om e th i n g m or e th a n m e r e c oi n ci de n ce b e tw e e n

th e a c cou nts . It a pp ear s h ow e v er i n fi n ite ly m or e p r ob

, ,

abl e th a t th e l a n gu a g e of Luk e s h oul d h ave b e en i n fl u en ce d

by h i s re colle cti on of a S i m i l ar p r ev i ous i n c i den t i n th e
l i fe o f Je s u s th an th at th e s upp os e d c om p i le r of th e Gos p e l
ac c o rd i ng to th e He b re w s s h oul d h av e c op i e d L uke s de ’

s cr i p ti o n o f a S i m i l a r s u bs e uen t i n c i de n t
g i n th e l i fe o f
Pa ul In Fr 9 w h y i s M atth e w s h oly c i ty (w h i ch i n a
. .
‘ ’’

J e w i s h Gos p e l w e Sh ou l d c e rta i n ly e xp ec t to be ke p t) alter ed

to J e r us a
‘
l e m ? If Fr 1 0 an s w er te xtu ally as i t doe s i n
’
.
,

s ub s ta n ce ,
to M a tt v 2 2 w h y th e c h a
. . n g e of for m ? i f on
, ,

th e oth er h a n d th e Gos p e l a
,
c cor di n g to th e He b r e w s c o n

ta in ed a n oth er p a ssa g e c orr e s p on di n g te x tu ally to M att v . .

22 w h y w a
,
s Fr 1 0 a m er e r e p e ti ti o n of i t i n s ub s ta
.
, n ce ,

i n s e rte d at all ? In Fr 16 w e m i ght c onj ecture th at th e.

o m i s s i o n o f th e w or d s
‘
d e s i r i n g to s p e a k w i th th e e w as
d u e to Ep i p h a n i u s s c om p r e s s e d r el a ti on o f th e i n c i de n t
’
,

but w h y th e d e p a r tur e from M a tth e w x ii 5 0 In Fr 1 9 . .

w hy d oe s th e c on v e r s a ti o n o n for g i v e n e s s b e g i n w i th a
r em a r k fr o m Je s u s i n s te a d of (a s i n Ma tth e w ) aqu e s ti on
from Pe te r ? An d, if Fr 3 0 be b orrow e d from Luk e ,
. w hy
Luk e te xt follo w e d ?
’
is n ot s

T o th e s equ e s tion s th e c om p i l atio n -th e ory c an n ot I th i n k , ,

g i v e an s w er s : I m i gh t h av e as k e d m or e but I h av e e x cl ud e d ,

all to w h i ch e v e n an y s ort of an s w er m i gh t be g i v en .

N or d oe s th e c om p i l a ti on -th e ory e xpl a i n w h y as w e fin d ,

fr om th e S ti c h o m e try o f N ik eph orus (s e e A dden da) th e ,

Gos p el a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s w a s S h o r te r th a n L uk e o r

M atth e w .We k n ow from th e Frag m e n ts th at our s upp o s e d

c om p i l e r s o m e ti m es r e cou n te d i n c i d e n ts a t gr e a te r l en g th
th a n e i th e r an d th a
,
t h e i n cor p or a te d a l a r ge a m oun t o f
 The —
C omp i lati on th eor y and i ts C oun ter .

i n de p e n d e n t matte r . We Sh oul d h av e xp e cted h i s c om

e

p il a ti o n t o b e l o n g e r t h a n e i th e r ; w h y i s i t S h o r te r ? H e

m u st ha v e om itte d con s i de rabl e p or ti on s of h i s g roun dw ork ;

e t w e s e e th a t h d i d n t bj e t t m i ra l r pa abl
y e o o c o c e s o r
, e s o r ,

o ht e r —
d i s cou r s es w h a t a r e w e to s upp os e th a t h e om i tte d ,

an d w h a t w e re h i s m oti v e s for o m i s s i on ?
T h e c om p i l a ti on th e ory m u s t th e re for I th i n k be d i s
-
, ,

m is s ed a ,
n d w e m u st s e e k s om e oth e r e xpl a na ti on of th e
agre e m e n t of th e Gos p e l ac cor di n g to th e He bre w s w i th
Ma tth e w a n d L uk e .

S om e on e m a p os s i bly th i n k th a t h e fi n d s th a t e p l a n a
y x

ti on i n th e cou n ter hyp oth e s i s th a t Ma tth e w a n d L uk e h a ve

b orr ow e d fr om th e Gos p e l acc or di n g to th e He b re w s But .
,

if s o,w h y h av e th ey o m itted m atte r for th e m os t p art en

ti r ely u n obj ecti on a bl e an d s om e of i t (e g Fr 8 Fr 1 1 an d
. . .
,
.
,

Fr 29 ) q u i te e qu a
. l i n b e au ty to an yth i n g w h i ch th e y r e
ta i n e d ? Wh y di d th ey l e a ve o ut th os e addi tion al de tai l s
w h i c h th e Gos p e l a cco r d i n g to th e He b re w s o fte n s uppl i e s to

th e i r n a rr ati v e s ? Wh y does on e e v an g e l i st s om e ti m e s
adop t i ts v er s i on w h il e th e oth er p as s es i t by for a l e s s
,

m i n u te a n d p i ctu r e s qu e a c c ou n t f ro m a n oth er s o u rce T hi s

th e ory l i k e th e fo rm e r m u s t th e r e for be a
, ,
b an don e d .

It i s tr u e th a t by s upp os i n g M a tth e w Luk e a

,
n d th e
,

Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b re w s (or a t l ea s t tw o o f th e m )

to h a v e un d er g on e al on g se r i e s of alte r ation s an d additi on s ,

w e m i gh t m a n i pul a te th e e x i sti n g fa c ts s o a s to s u i t e i th e r

o f th e a b ov e th eor i e s— or i n de e d an y th e ory w h ats oe v e r .

T h i s s ty l e of cr i ti c i s m h a s m or e ove r s o m e d i s ti n g u i s h e d
, ,

p re ce den ts i n i ts fav ou r But for m y ow n p art I p r e fe r to

.

w a it i f n e e d be for th e s olu ti on of adi ffi culty r ath e r th an to

, ,

e v olv e fr om m o w n c on sc i o u s n e s s a n u m b e r of v a r i ou s e d i ti on s
y
of w h i ch a b s olu te ly n o r e cord c an be foun d .

I n ow c om e to m y o w n hyp oth e s i s A n d S i n ce s o l ittl e i s

.
,

kn ow n s o m u ch de b ate d r e s p e ctin g th e s ou rce s an d com

, ,

p o s ition of th e c an on i c al Gosp el s let m e s ay b e for e h an d th at

—
,

i t e qu i r e s on ly o n e a
r s s u m p ti o n na
,
m e ly th a t w h e n e v er ,

w h e r ev e r a ,
n d by w h om s o e v e r th e c a n on i c a l Gosp e l ac cordi n g
to M a tth e w w a s w r i tte n h o w e v e r v a rie d m a h a v e b e t h
, y e n e

or a l o r do cu m e n tary s our c e s fr om w h i ch i t w as c om p os e d or
c om p i l e d ,
an d w h e th e r i t w as fi r s t w ri tten i n Gree k or
104 Th e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

Aram ac , i t i h ow s
s th ep e ci al h an d i w ork of on e p arti c ul ar
S

ma n . T h i s m uch ,
I th i n k n o o n e w i ll d i s pu te a
,
n d if I ,

agr e e not to as s um e th at h e w as an Ap os tl e o r th at h i s ,

na m e rea lly w as M atth e w p er h ap s I m ay be allow e d for c on

,

v e n i e n ce s s a k e to call h i m Matth ew
’ ’
.

M y hyp oth e s i s th e n i s th a t Ma tth e w w r ote a t difi

’

, ,
er en t

ti m es th e c a n o n ic a l Gos p e l an d th e Gos p e l acc or di n g to th e

‘

He b r ew s or at le as t th at l arg e p a
,
r t o f th e l a t ter w h i c h r u n s

p ar all e l to th e form er .

T h e hyp oth e s i s w i ll n ot a pp e ar ab s ur d to an y on e w h o
rea ds i t by th e l i ght of e v e ry d a y facts i n auth or sh i p Mode rn .

w r i te r s p ut for th n e w e di ti on s o f th e i r w or k s o fte n a dd i n g
,

m uch o m i tti n g m u ch v a
, ,
ry i n g m u ch : s om e ti m e s e v e n ab o ok

i s e n tir e ly r e w r i tte n . T h ere i s n o r e a s on w h

y w e S h o ul d

r e fu s e to b e l i e v e th a t a n ci en t a uth or s e x e r c i s e d th e s a me
l ib e r ty Bi s h op Li gh tfoot in de e d s u gg e sts (Rev i s i on 2 9 )
.
, , ,

th a t Lu k e w ro te tw o S l i ghtly di ffe re n t c op i e s o f h i s Go s p e l ;
an d w h eth er th i s be s o or n ot i t i s at l e ast ce rta
, ,
in th at th e
A s c e n s i on a s tol d i n A c ts i s ac o m pl e te r e w ri ti n g o f th e s a me
e v en t a s tol d i n h i s Gos p e l .

A n d i n th e c a s e of M a tth e w m a n y p e c ul i ar c on s i de r ati on s
r e n der s u ch a l te rati on s b oth p o s s ible an d p r ob abl e If h e .

ha d dr e a m t th a t 1 8 00 y e a rs la te r a v e ry p a r ti ally C hri s
ti a n i z e d w or l d a n d av e ry d i v i de d C h r i s ti a n i ty w ou l d h a ve n o
o th e r k n o w l e d g e of th e l i fe o f J e s u s th a n w ha t th ey h a d
g ath e r e d fr om h im s el f an d thr ee of h i s c on tem p or ar i e s h e ,

w ou l d h a v e w ri tte n s o m e th i n g m or e th an aS k e tch w h i ch (to

c om p a r e i t w i th am od e r n b i o g r a phy) fill s on ly ab ou t th ir ty
fiv e or di n a r y o c ta vo p ag e s M at th e w e xp e cte d th at i n h i s
.

o w n l i fe ti m e or a , t lea s t h i s o w n g e n e ra ti on a ll th e tr i b e s o f
,

th e e a r th s h o u l d s e e th e S on o f M a n co m i n g on th e c l o u d s

of h e a v e n w i th p ow e r an d g r e at gl ory th at an g el s w it h a ,

gr e at s o un d of atr u m p et Sh oul d g ath e r th e e l e ct fr om th e

four w in d s an d th at h e av e n an d e ar th S h oul d p as s aw ay
, .

Me an w h i le th e r e w er e m an y w i tn e s s e s of th e l i fe of J e s u s
s ti ll l i v i n g a n d c om m u n i c a ti n g th e h i s to ry o f h i s l i fe to th e
c o n v e r te d a n d th e u n c on v e rte d a l ike It w as an age too i n
.

w h i ch ma n y to ok i n h a to p ut th a t h i stor y i n w r iti n g ;
’
nd

n or w e r e t e i h r n a iv
r r at e s fa n tas t c a o c r —
i p yph a th ey w e r e
ac coun ts of th e thi n g s m os t s ure ly b el i e ve d a m on g C h r i s
’
10 6 T h e C ost e l accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

h av e got h i s ve r s i on of th e Last Supp er from h i s c om p a n i on

L uk e m en ti on s a
, n a pp e ar an ce of J e s u s to Jam e s after th e
R e s ur re cti on It i s h ow e v e r qu ite n ee dl e s s to s upp o s e th a
.
, ,
t
e i th e r Luk e or th e w r i te r of th e Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e

He br ew s h ad e v er s e en th e oth er s w o rk Eac h m a ’
.
y h a v e

d er i v e d th e corr e s p on di n g m a tter fr om or a l tr aditi on or fr om

oth e r o f th e ma ny w r i tten Go s p e l s i n c i r cul a ti o n C oi n ci
.

de n ce s o f v oc a bul ar y adm it th e s am e e asy e xpl an ati on o n

e i th e r hyp o th e s i s All w e c a
. n sa fe ly s ay i s th at m an y de
ta il s an d phr as e s i n th e Gos p e l accord in g to th e Heb re w s
w h i ch a r e n o t fo u n d i n th e Gr e e k Ma tth ew a re a t lea st in

th e i r u l ti m a te s ou r c e co e v a l w ith Luk e .

I ha v e n ot y et touch e d th e diffi cult q u e s ti on o f pr i or ity

b etw e e n th e can o n i cal Matth e w an d th e Go s p e l acc ordin g to
th e He b re w s . T h e fa c t th a t th e l a tte r tw i c e s p e a k s of th e
L o r d i s p e rh a p s aS i g n of i ts l ate r d ate : s e e n ote on Fr 6 . .

If h ow e v e r th e te rm Lord be u s e d i n i ts s tri ct ori g i n al

, ,
‘ ’

ma th a t w o ul d s u gge s t th a t th e Go s p e l w a
’
s e n se s te r ,
s

w ri tte n by ap e r s on a l follow er o f Je s u s A l ate r d ate i s al s o

.

p os s ibly i n d i cate d by th e fre s h i n c ide n ts an d addition al

d e ta il s w h i c h i t s uppl ie s It m ay i n de e d be urg e d th at
.
, ,

Ma tth e w s m e m ory w oul d be m o r e c om pl e te w h e n h e w rote

’ '

h i s fi r s t w or k : o n th e o th e r h a n d th e l o n g e r h e l i v e d th e
,

m ore h i s r e coll e c ti on w oul d be r e v i v e d or th e full er i n for m

,

ation h e w oul d g ai n by th e publ i c a ,

ti on of othe r m e n s
’

Gos p e l s o r th e c om m u n i c a
, t i on o f th e i r or a l tr adi ti on A g ain .

th e fa c t th a t th e Gr ee k Go s p e l doe s n o t c on ta in afew w or ds
an d c on s p i cuou s ph ras e s fo u n d i n th e Ar am ai c Gos p e l s ee m s
to a ffor d aS l i gh t a dd i tio n al ar gu m e n t for th e p r ior ity o f th e
form e r : y e t i f th e Go s p e l a
, c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s w e r e

r e c o v e r e d e n ti r e w e m i gh t fi
,
n d p e c ul i ar iti e s i n th e c a n on i ca l
Go s p e l to b a l an c e th e s e A pply i n g th e te s t of l e n gth w e
.
,

ar e in cl in ed to r e gar d th e Ar am ai c Gos p e l as th e e arl ie r i t ,

b e i n g th e S h orte r Ne v erth el es s w h er e ve r w e c an c om p ar e
.
,

i ts r e l a ti on o f ev en ts w i th th a t o f th e Gr ee k w e fin d i t full e r
an d ar e le d to s u s p e ct th a t it w a s Sh or te r on ly th r o u gh th e

o m i s s i on o f p a ra bl e s or l on g di s cours e s In th i s c as e i ts
.

p r e fe r e n ce for i n c i de n t w oul d te n d to Sh ow a l ater d ate

th e fur th e r m e n got fr om th e d a y s of Je s u s th e m ore th e y
de m a n de d th a t i n for m a ti on a b ou t th e facts of h i s l i fe w h i ch
 R elati on i n T i nze to our Gr eeh M atth ew . 10 7

w a s gr a du a —
lly p as s in g out of th ei r re ach I h av e l ittl e doub t
th a t if tw o l o s t bu t g e n u i n e Go s p el s w e r e a t th i s d a te r e
c ov e r e d th e on e h om i l e ti c th e oth er n a rr a
ti v e th e m os t ,
, ,

d e v oti on a l C hr i s ti an w oul d set gr e ater s tor e by th e l atte r .

Al tog e th e r th e n I th i n k th e r e i s a s l i gh t a
, ,
m ou n t o f
p r es u m p ti on i n fav ou r of th e p ri ority of th e c an on i cal Gos p el ,

but s om e of th e c ou n ter a r gu m e n ts g i ve n a b ov e to g e th e r ,

w i th th e l e s s s te r e otyp e d c h a ra c te r o f th e A r a ma i c Gos p el ,

d i s i n cl i n e m e fr o m e xpr e s s i n g ad e c i de d O p i n i on .

T h e qu e s ti on w h e th e r th e Gr e e k Gos p e l i s tr a n sl a
te d
fr om an A r am ai c ori g i n al r e m ain s as far as m y th e ory i s ,

con c e r n e d .But i f i t w a s fi r s t w r i tte n i n Ar a

,
ma i c th e n th e ,

fact th at M atth e w di d actu ally c om p os e i n th at l an guag e

ma k es h i s auth or s h i p of th e Gosp e l ac cor di n g to th e Heb r e w s
th e m or e p r ob a ble A n d i f th e Gr e e k Go s p e l be n ot a
.
,

t ra n sl a t i on ma n ot th e Gos p e l a r d i n g to th e He b r e w s
*
, y c c o

Pa
p ia ate m en t c a
s s
’
st n ha r dl
y b e a m e re
gu ess B u t I p u t .

th e c a s e th u s i n te rr o a ti v e ly be ca u s e a th ir d th e ory i s p os s ibl e
g
th a t th e Gr e ek M a tth e w h a d be e n tr a n sl ate d in to Ar a ma i c an d th at
Pa pias m i s took th i s tr an sl ation for an or igin al T o r e n de r th i s in .

th e l e a s t de gr e e pr oba bl e on e m u s t s u ppos e th a t n o o th e r e v a n e li s t
g
ha d a t th a t tim e be e n tr a n sl a te d i n t o A r a ma ic N ow i n th e C ur e .

ton i a n Syr i a c a v er s i on i n We s ter n Aram ai c pr obably as ol d as th e 2 md

,

c en t .
,
th e Gos p e l of S t Ma tth e w diffe r s i n m ode o f e x pr e s s ion a
. nd

various oth er p ar ti cul ar s fr om w h at w e fin d i n th e r e s t —ac cor din g

to T r e ge l le s ( S m ith s B i b D i c iii A ga in th e ti tle of th at
’
. . .
,

p artic ul ar Gos p el an d th at on ly c on tain s aw or d w h i ch T r e gelles

, ,

a n d o th er s ta k e to m e a ma d e cl e a an d w h i ch th e y s upp os e t o
’
n r ,
.

in dic ate ar en de rin g fr om ale s s popu lar dialect in to th e v er n acular .

If h o w e v e r i t s h o ul d d en o te ar e n der in g i n to We s te rn Ar a
, ,
ma i c n ot
fr o m Ea s te r n Ar a ma i c bu t fr om Gree k th e n i n th e u s e of th e w or d
,

a t th e h e a din g o f th i s on e Go s p el a n d i n th e i di osyn cr a
,
s i e s o f th e

tr a n sl a tion w e m a
, y s ee a n e v i d e n c e th a t M a tth e w w a s t ra n sl ated

at adiffe r e n t tim e fr o m th e o th er e van gelis ts an d s in c e h e i s th e ,

m os t Heb ra is tic h e w o uld n atu rally be tran sl ate d fi r s t .

Cur e ton a n d T r e e l le s i n s i s t th a t th e C ur e ton i a n S yr i a c i s v ir

g
tu a lly a tr a n sl ati on o f a n o ri i n a
g l M att h e w i n Ea s te r n A r a m ai c .

If th e y a r e ri h t m c n l u s i a e n t a ffe cte d o n e w h i t B ut
g y , o c o n s r o .

w h e th e r th e y a r e r i h t or w r o n t h e C u r e ton i a n Syri a c d oe s s h o w
g g ,

s e vera l appr ox im ation s to th e te x t of th e Gosp el accor din g to th e

Hebr e w s a ,
n d th e r eby l e n d s i t e vi de n c e if n ot of c or re c tn e s s a t
, ,
 Th e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

—
h av e b e en Pap i as s Ar am ai c or i g i n al ? i n w h i ch c as e w e
’

s h oul d h a ve th e e v i d en c e of a m an b orn i n th e Ap os tol i c

age for th e fact or at l e as t th e t aditi on o f i ts Ma
,
tth aea n r ,

au th o sh i p r .

We m us t n ot fo g et th at th e ab ov e con cl us i on s h av e b e en
r

ar i v e d a
r t s ol ely f o m i n te n a l e v i de n ce w e h av y et to
r r e

c o m p ae th e m w i th th e e x te r n a
r l e v i d en ce T h at h as b e e n .

s u m m e d up a l e ady at th e e n d of Pat I but I m ay w ith

r r

adv an tag e fo our p e s en t p u p os e ab stract i t al ittl e fu th e r

,
r r r ,
r

an d s a y t h at i t t e n d s to S h o w

(i ) th at M a
. tth ew w r ote aGo s p e l i n Ar a ma ic ;
ii
( ) th at. th e G r eek Ma t th e w i s a tra n s l a
t i on from th e
Ar a ma i c Matth e w ;
iii
( ) t h at M. a tth e w w r ot e th e G o s p e l a cco r d i n g to th e
He b re w s ;
i( v ) th at th e Gosp el ac cor din g to th e Hebr ew s w as
. th e
Ar a ma i c or i g in al of th e Gre ek Matth e w .

Th e c on c ha v e de du c ed from i n tern al e v i den ce

lu s i on s I
ag r e e w i th (i ) an d . th e y a r e e qu a lly c on s i s te n t w ith th e
c orr e ctn e s s or i n c or re c tn e s s o f ii
( ) th e y d i s ag r e e w i th (i v )
. .

o n ly . But h e r e r es ip s aloqui tur : th e Fr a g m e n ts S p e ak for

th e m s elv e s T h e Gr e e k M a
. tth e w a s i t s ta n ds an d as i t
, ,

s to o d i n th e s e con d c e n tu r y i s n ot a tr a n sl a
,
ti on of th e
Go s p el a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e ws a s i t s to o d e i th e r i n th e

da y s o f Ep i ph an ias an d Je r om e or s om e tw o c en tur i e s
ea rl i e r If th e o p in i on of Ep i ph a
. n ius a n d J e r o m e b e tr u e ,

e i th e r th e Gr e e k or th e Ar a ma i c w ork or b oth m u s t h av e
u n der g on e an y n u m b er of additi on s om i s s i on s an d al ter , ,

ati on s T o m ai n tain th e ir O p i n i on i t w as n e c e s s ary fo r th e m

.

to g i v e s om e e v i de n c e a s to w h
y w h e n o r by w h om th e s e
, ,

ch a n g e s w e r e e ffe c te d T h e i r S i l e n c e S h ow s p r e tty cl e a
. r ly

th a t th e y h a d n o s u c h e v i d e n c e to o ffe r a n d I th i n k w e m a y ,

as s um e w i th out h e s ita ti on th a t b e l i e v in g i n a n, Ar a ma ic
or i g i n a l of th e Gr e e k M atth e w an d fi n di n g an Ar am ai c
Gos p e l (a s c r i b e d to h i m by th e tr a d i ti on o f c e n tu r i e s ) b e a r

i n g m u c h s ub s ta n ti al an d e v en v erb al agr e em e n t w i th th e

le ast of c orr e s po n d e n c e w ith a

n e x tr e m e ly an ci ent for m of th e
n on i c a
a l Matth e w ’
c s te x t .
1 10 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

w h eth e r th e y m ay n ot h ave b een in trodu ce d fr om th e Gos p e l

ac c or d i n g to th e Heb r e w s an d i n th a t ca s e w h e th er th e
,
“
p e r s on s w h o i n tr odu c e d th e m m u s t n ot h av e r e g ar d ed th at
Go s p e l a s b oth a u th or ita ti v e a n d Ma tth a ea n .

T h e re a de r w h o h a s n ot s tu di e d th e h i s tory o f th e C a n on

w i ll n e v e r th e l es s a s s u m e th a t fa r m or e a n c i en t w itn e s s c a n

b e b r ough t for th e a u thor ity an d au th or s h i p o f th e c an on i cal

Gos p el s th a n for th e a u th or i ty a nd a u th or s h i p of th e Gos p e l
acc or d i n g to th e He b re w s He w i ll m a k e a gr e at m i s tak e
. .

It i s t r u e t h a t n o w r i te r b e fo r e I r e n a e u s (a b o u t 1 8 0— 1 9 0A D ) . .

Spea ks of our Ar am ai c Gos p el as th e w or k of Matth e w n or ,

d oe s a n w r i te r b e for e h i s o l de r co n te m p or a r y He e s i u s
y g pp ,

w h o p r ob a bly w rote a l i ttl e e arl i er m en tion i ts e x i s te n c e , .

Bu t n e i th er i s th e a uth or s h i p or th e e x i s te n c e of th e Gos p el s
accor din g to J oh n an d Luke m e n ti on e d by an y w r ite r "

c e r ta i n ly e arl i er th an th e s e T T h e s am e m i ght be s ai d of .

th e oth e r tw o c a n on i c a l Gos p el s but th at Pap i as (w h o c an

h ardly h av e w r itte n l ater th an 1 4 0 A D an d m ay h av e . .
,

w r i tte n ag oo d d e a l ea rl i e r
) a ffi r m s th a t M a t th e w an d M a r k
w r ote Go s p el s a nd a s h e sa ys th at Matth e w s Gos p e l w as ’
, ,

fi r st w r itte n by h i m i n Heb rew an d as w e k n ow h i m to ,

h av e tol d as tory w h i ch w as fou n d i n th e Gosp e l accor din g

to th e He b r e w s i t b e c om e s a que s ti on w h e th e r h e w a
, s n ot

al s o a n a u th or ity for our Ar am ai c Gos p el .

But s om e on e w ill s a
, y a r e th e r e n ot i n w r i te r s e a
, r l i er

th a n I r e n a e u s i a l a r g e n u m b e r o f s e e m i n g th o ugh an o n y _
,

Th e o th e r w r it
i n m y m nd a
e rs r e th e a i
u th or o f th e C a n on

M urator ia
nus an d Her acl e on But I r ega rd it a . s m or a lly ce r tan i
th a ta
t Ta n, i w ho w as ea n a
rl e r th a n
y i
o f th e s e , c om p le d h i s D i a i
te s s a
r on fr o m at l ea n o n ic a
s t th r e e o f o u r C a l Gosp el s w ith e ith er ,

th e n on i c a
Ca l Matth ew o r th e Gos p el acc or din g to th e He bre w s as
th e four th .

1 T h ere i s
“
no pr oof th at th e m en t i on o f Matth e w ’
s Go s p e l by
Ap oll i n aris is arl ie r
e . T h e Can on M u rator i an u s i s d e fe cti v e at th e
be g n n i i
g, n bu t as it
,
p eak s of Luk e s an d J oh n s Gosp els as th e
s
’ ’

i
th r d an d fou r th , i t i s mo a r in th at th e oth er tw o w h ich i t
lly c e ta r

c om p r e h en d e d w e re Matth e w a n d Ma rk .

1 I f an
y r ead e r s h ou l d h av e be e n m i s l e d by th e au th or o f S up er
natur al R eli gi on n to d e n y i i n
g or s , I be
d o ubt i n hg th i
g i m to r e a d
i
B sh op L gh tfo ot i ’
s r ti cl e s
a i n th e Con temp or ar
y R ev i e w , be
g nn n
g i i
 Pos i ti on i n S econ d C en tu ry .

m ou s , u ta t i on s fr om a n d r e fe r e n c e s to th e ca no n i ca l
q o

Gos p e l s ? Gr a n ti n g th e l i k e l i h oo d (a nd
y o u b a r e ly c l ai m as

m u c h ) th a t th e Gos p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He b r e w s i s qu ote d

or r e fe rr e d to by Pa p i as Ju s tin an d th e au th or of ap rob ably

, ,

g en ui n e Ig n ati an e p i stle y ou n ee d far m ore to con v i n ce us

,

th at y our Ar a ma i c Gos p e l c an h av e b e en g e n er ally l o oked

up on as an Ap os tol i c or e v en an auth or itati v e w r i tin g .

T o th i s I m i gh t r e ply by a d m i tti n g th a t th e r e a re n o

m or e qu ota ti o n s from or r e fe re n ce s to i t but p oi n ti n g o ut ,

in De c . 1 8 74 , a
nd Dr . Sa
n da
y
’
s Gosp e ls i n th e S econ d Cen tury .

T h os e on th e o th e r band w ho ha
ve n ot r e ad th e b o ok m ay lik e to
k n ow w hat i s th e auth or s w ay of de a
’
l in g w i th s uc h e a ly qu ota
r .

ti on s . Fir s t of a ll h e bra n ds th e w ork s co n ta in i n g th e m as S pu i ou s

r ,

w h en e ver h e ca n fi n d ago od or aba d p r e te x t for s o d oi n g : bu t i n

a n
y ca se h e a s s i n s to th e m th e l a
g te s t c on c ei v a bl e d a te . W i th
th e s e r e s e r v a tion s h e pr o c e e d s to dis c u s s th e s up p os e d q uo ta ti o n s .

If th ey a re a t a l l fr e e h e c a,
r e fully a bs ta in s fr om e n q ui ri n g w h e th e r
th e w ork s con ta in in g th e m Sh ow th e s am e l oo s en e s s i n qu otin g fro m
th e O ld T e s ta m en t ; h e e qu a l ly n e gl e c ts th e a na l ogie s pr e s e n te d by
O ld T e s ta m e n t q uota tion s i n th e N e w a nd b
y
, a ck n o w l e d e d l o o s e
g
qu otation s from th e Gosp els i n later w rite r s ; an d dis m is s i n g as
a bs ur d th e i de ao f qu o ta ti on fr om m e m o ry h e p r o n ou n c e s th e m
’

to h a v e been tak e n fr om s om e l os t Gos p el If on th e o th er h an d .

th e qu o ta tion s a re ex a ct o r v e r y cl o s e h e w il l try to p r o v e e i th er
,

th a t th ey a r e i n te rp ola ti on s or th a t th e c or r e s p on din g tex ts i n ou r

Go s p el s h a v e been in ter p olate d O r h e w ill s ay th at as th e tex t
.

o c c ur s i n m or e th a n on e o f ou r Go s p e ls i t w a s e vi d e n tly p a r t of th e

c om m on s tock of Gos p e l - w r ite r s a n d m a j us t a s l l h a v be en i n

, y w e e

los t Go sp els al s o O r h e w ill u r ge th at s o m e ap oc ryp h al bo ok

.

quote d e l s e w h er e by th e w ri te r w h o i s un d e r c on s i de r atio n m ay
ha ve fur n is h e d i t Havin g go t r i d of al l q uo tation s b e fore I re n aeus
.

( 1 8 04
1 90 A D.
) y
. b o n e o r m or e o f th e s e m e th o d s a n d h,a v i n
gp ro

n o u n c e d th a t th e Gos p el s q u o te d by e a rli e r w r i te r s a n d re a d (a s w e

k n ow fro m J u s tin ) i n th e w e ek ly a s s e m bli e s o f C h r i s ti a n s w er e u n

ca n on i c al h e d oe s n ot e x plain w h e n w h y or h o w th e s e ol d an d th en
, , ,

ca n on i c al S c r i p tur e s w er e d e gra de d a n d t h e p r e s e n t Gos p e l s

( b e fo r e

u n k n o w n ) s u bs ti tute d —s o s u dde n ly a n d w i th s u c h
g en era l ag ee
r

m e n t th a t fr o m I r en a e u s on w a rd w e fi n d th e m
( e x cept a m o n
g
h er eti c a l s e c ts ) i n al m os t abs ol ute p os s e s s ion of th e fi el d an d n o ,

o th e r Gos p el n a m e d in a n s ubs e q u e n t l i s t o f c a n on ic a l b o ok s Bu t
y .

th e w r i te r d oe s n o t p e r c e iv e th a t he ha s a c h i e v e d n o th i n
g b e y on d

ar educti o ad abs urdum o f h i s o w n argum e n t .

1 12 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

th at as w r itte n i n
it w Ar amai c, th at th e re i s n ot th e l e as t
p r oof th at i t h ad b ee n tr an sl ate d, th a
t m os t of th e w r i te rs

all ude d kn ow Ar am ai c an d th at i n an y c as e th e y
to did n ot ,

bly av o i d qu oti n g a Go s p e l w h i c h th os e w h om
w o u l d p r ob a

th e y w e re a d n ot re a
ddr e s s i n g h a d an d w e r e n ot a bl e to
re ad .

But th e r e i s a
n oth e r a
n sw e r . Had a
n
y on e of th e
c an on i c al Gos p el s b e e n l ost or pr e s er v ed on ly to th e e xten t
,

o f af e w f r a g m e n ts w e s h ou l d h av e b e e n u n abl e to de te c t all
,

th es e e a r ly r e fe r e n c e s to i t In s om e c a s e s w e S h o ul d h a
. ve
tr e a te d w h a t w e n ow r e co g n i s e to be ad i s ti n c t r e fe r e n c e to
th a t pa r ti cul a r Go s p e l a s al o o s e r e fe r e n c e fr o m m e m or y to a

p ar all e l p as s ag e i n on e of th e thr e e Gosp el s w h i ch al on e

w ou l d h a v e b e e n p re s e r ve d to us ; an d w h ere n o s u ch p ar all e l
e x i s te d w e S h ou l d h a v e fou n d our s e lve s at th e e n d of o ur
te th e r N ow w h a
. t m i gh t h a v e h app en e d to an y on e o f th e
ca n on i c a l Gos p e l s i s p r e ci s e ly w h at h as h app e n e d to th e
G os p e l a c cor d i n g to th e He b r e w s T here a re m a ny
y
. e t u m
tr a c e d q u ota ti on s a n d tr a di ti on s a l l of wh i ch m a a n d s om e
y , ,

of w h i ch p r ob a bly do b e l on g to i t O f c ou r s e e v ery o n e of .
,

th e s e m a b e ta k e n fro m s om e o th er of th e m a n y l ost
y
Go s p e l s : s ti ll n ot o n e o f th o s e Go s p e l s h e l d i n th e e s ti m a
,

ti o n o f th e Fa th er s a pl a ce a ppr o ach i n g th at of th e Go s p e l
ac c or din g to th e He b r e w s n or ar e th e k n o w n q uotati o n s
,

f rom an y on e of th e m to be -c om p ar e d i n n u m b e r w i th th e
k n ow n qu otati on s fr om o ur Ar am ai c Gos p e l A g ai n m an y .
,

o f th e a pp ar en t r e fe r e n c e s to our Go s p el s ar e d e c i de dly l o os e .

T hi s l oo s en e s s i s e x a ctly p a ra ll e l e d by th e l oos en e s s w ith

w h i c h th e Old T e s ta m e n t i s ofte n qu ote d by th e s a me
w r ite r s (a n d i n th e N e w T e s ta m e n t) a n d w i th w h i c h th e ,

New T e s ta m e n t i ts e l f i s o fte n q u ote d by l a te r S ti ll ( ,

i n s om e a t lea s t of th e s e c a s e s th e r efe r e n c e r e a lly m ay be to

i“
It m u s t be c el arly u n de r s to o d th a
p aallel s of
t w h e r e v e r th e r

th ou gh t a n d la n ua e ae fa
g g i ly n ea I ar d mri t p o b a b irl i ty t o be o n r

th e s i d e o f th e C a n on i c a l Gosp el s again s t all los t Gos pel s b ut i f ,

th e q uo ta tio n s i n qu e s ti on be n o t f o m th e C a n on i c a
r l Go spel s p o ,
r

ba bil i ty i s I th in k i n e a
,
ch c a s e i n fa
,
v ou of th e Gos e l a
p r
c c o rd i n
g
to th e H b e w s a eg i
a st a
r l l oth n l o s t Gos p e l s erI s h o u l d n ot h a v . e

v n tu e d th abo e s u gge s tion at al l i f w e d id n ot k n ow th at th e

e r e v

A a rma i c Gos pel h ad s t on g c an on ical affin ities

r .
114 Gospe l accor d i n
g to th e H ebr e w s .

Th e p as s ag e re fe rr i n g to th e Go s p e l ac cor di n g to th e
Heb r e w s r un s thu s : An d n ow ada y s le t th e Gosp e l accor di n g
to th e Hebr ew s a l s o be n u m be r e d am on g th e s e [ s pu ri ou s b ook s ] ,

w h i c h th e y o ut of th e He b r e w s w h o c a m e to C h r i s t l ov e d w i th
j oy ful n e s s b ey on d an y oth e r ( Hdn 5 £1 r o br o cs [cal 7 0 [ca ’ " ’
}
'
EBpaio v s Ev ay ys lu ov apt dus iadw w ualt t crr ao i £5
r
} E Bpatw v ,

'
Hi s t Fee l i i
X p w r gi n p oat ov r s s zsXatpov aaus v léo v r s s -
’ ’ ’

. . .

Th e re a
d er p ar e s th i s w ith m y fi r s t qu otati on
w ho c om

from Eu s e b iu s on p 5 w i ll be am us e d an d w ill agr e e th at.

,

th e O p i n i on o f N ik e p h or u s C a ll i stas (w h o l i ve d ab ou t 9 00
y e ar s afte r T h e odor e t th e l ast i n de p e n de n t w r iter w h o m e n
,

ti on s th i s Gos p el a nd a b out 5 00 y e ar s afte r th e copy i s t of

,

C ode x T i s ch e n dor fia n us III i n w h i c h i s fo u n d th e l a s t tra ce

.
,

o f i ts e x i s te n c e ) h as n ot e v e n afe a th e r s w e i gh t i n th e b a l an ce ’

o f e v i de n c e .

P 51 . n o te on Fr 2 1 . . Th e follo w i n g c on s i de r ati on s ma
ke
m e m or e d o ub tfu l : In th e l e tter to He dy bi a ,
4 , J e r om e
it e s An d th e Ev an g el i s t M a
‘ tth e w
w r : ,
w ho c om p os ed th e
Go s p e l i n th e Heb r ew s p e e ch ,
see m s to m e to h av e s ai d [ i n
x xv ii . 1] n ot so m u c h i n th e ev en i n
g as late an d ,
he w ho
tr an sl ate d— d e ce i v e d by th e am b i gu i ty of th e w or d — to h ave
tr an sl ate d n ot late b ut i n th e ev en i n g . A l th ough th e u s tom
c

of m en p e e c h h ol ds th at late s i g n i fi e s n ot
’
s s ,
e v e n i n g bu t

a er d e la M i v i d r Ev a n e li s ta M a h a i
’
f t y ( i h q u e e tu g m tt e u m q u ,

Eva n g e l i u m He b r a i co s er m on e c on s crip s i t n on tam v esp er e ,

d ix i s s e qu a m s ero e t e u m qu i i n te r p r e ta
,
tu s e s t v e r b i a m bi ,

u i ta te d e c e ptum n on s er o i n terp r e ta tu m e s se s e d v es er e
p
g , , .

Q u a m q u a m c on s u e t u d o h u m an i s e r m on i s te n e a t s er o n on ,

v e s p e ru m S i gn i fi ca r e s e d ta r de
) N o w i f th e G os p e l acco r d .
,

i n g to th e He b r ew s h a d la te w h y d i d n ot J e r om e qu ote i t ?
It s e em s to m e th e re for th a ,
t a s re ga r ds M a tt xxv ii 1 h e
, . .

c onj e ctu r e s th a t Ma tth ew w r ote i n A r a ma i c s om eth i n g w h i c h

w a s n o t i n th e N a za r e n e Go s p e l — p e r h ap s as s u m in g adoubl e
Ar a ma i c e diti on He m ay h ave d on e s o e qu ally as r e g ards
.

M att xx i 9 a n d ba rr a m am a b e m er e ly w h a t h e th u gh ta
. .
y o
—
,

sa fe g ue s s at th e or i g i n al i n tr oduc e d to S h o w off h i s l e arn

i n g to h i s p a tr on th e Po p e .

P 6 0, 4 th
. n ote . I h av e for g otte n to fulfil th e p rom i s e
 N i h ep h or us C allis tas : Fr . 2 1 M ar ci an us
‘
.
’
1 1 5

g i v en on p . 14 to qu ote th e w or d s in w h i ch Epi ph an iu s

ac cu se s th e Eb h av in g in ter p ol ate d i n a c er tai n

i on ite s of

v er s e n ot on ly th e w ord no) but th e tw o l e tte rs u an d n, ,

. .
’

A fter th e fi r s t p a ssa g e q uote d fr o m h i m o n p 60 h e g oe s .

on thu s : 11 695 1) 85 a v (tw a

p n d a er at 7 ab r él v
fi py
a dto v t a r fis 7 f
,

an oh ov dias npaéo v ans 0 7 6 7 0 a v [ca l70 fi r aea oa d s r a;

’ ’
rt n
p
But h o w S h a ll th e i r fr au d ul e n ce sc ap e dete cti on w h e n th e ,

c on te x t c r i e s o ut th a t th e u a n d th e 7 a r e ta,
ck e d o n ?
. 7

Pp .
—
88 9 .h oul d l ike for M apn tav bs real to r e ad Map
I s ,

x lw v ,
( by rea l T h e d i ffe r e n c e i n s oun d s e tti n g a
. s i de a
,
cc e n t ,

w o ul d be e xp r e s s e d by M a r hi a h n os s a n d Ma rh i a w n (h a
) w ss ,

w h i ch ati r e d c o py i s t fr o m d i c ta ti on m i gh t e a s i ly c on fou n d .

Ma r c i on w a s aD ok e ti s t ; h i s o rth od ox o pp o n e n ts i n s i s te d

th a t h i s O p i n i on s w e r e con tra di cte d by h i s o w n Gos p e l ; a nd

he w a s a cc u s e d o f i n te r p ol a ti n g Lu k e a s w e ll a s m u ti l a ti n g
h im . T h e ch a r g e of m u til a ti on w a s i n d e e d th e c h i e f i n d i ct
, ,

m e n t ; y e t s o l on g a s S era n s fl oc k r e a i g i al uk
’
p i o d t h e o r n L e

as w ell as Mar c i on s L uk e th at b i s h op m i ght th in k th e i n ter

’

o l ati on s a l on e d a n g er o u s
p .

But M a r c i on s Go s p el w h i c h h e c a ll e d on ly th e Gos p el
’ ’
, ,

w a s th o r oughly a n ti - Ju d a i s ti c an d h e al m os t s e e m s to h av e
,

r e pu d i a te d a ll A p o s tl e s but Pa ul An d th ou gh Eas tern .

,

M ar ci on i te s o f al a te r d a te m i gh t j u s t c o n c e i v a bly s upply th e
u n h appy w an t of an auth or s n am e to th i s Gos p e l by g i v i n g
’

i t th e n a m e o f Pe te r (a l th ou gh w e s h oul d h av e e xp e cte d th at
o f Pa ul w h om M a
,
r c i on d e c l a re d to h a v e u s e d i t) y et aGo s p e l ,

w h i ch ,
s o fa r a s w e k n ow w a s on ly am u ti l a
, te d Luk e c a n

h ar dly h av e in cl ude d th e s tate m e n t w h i ch Or i g e n s ee m s to

attr ib ute to th e Gos p e l ac cor di n g to Pe te r .

S till i t i s p os s i bl e th a t th e Go s p e l a cc or d i n g to Pe te r w a s

i n u se a m on g S y r i a c Ma r c i o n i te s
(o f w h o m w e h e a r a s l ate
as T h e odor et) a n d th a t i t b or e s om e a s c r i p ti o n w h i c h con

n e c te d i t o r i ts tr a n s cr i b e r w i th M a r c i on .

La r dn e r (H i s tor
y f o H er e ti cs bk 1 1 1 1 9 6) s upp os e s
, . .
,

Lu ca n us ,
Lu ci a n us or L e u c i n s — th e a
, s s e rte d for g e r of
A p ocr yph a to h a — v e w r i tte n th e Go s p e l ac c or di n g to Pe ter ,

h e b ein g aMa r c i o n i te an d L ar dn e r tak i n g M apn tav bs to

,

m ea
n Ma
r c i on . An d afte r r blv deadbxw v r mv na
‘
r a ga s v w v
p u
’ ’

av r o v L a
r dn e l w i r te s M apx cav o v i n b r ack e ts c on s tl u i n , I
, g
1 2
1 16 T h e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H ebr e w s .

s upp os e ,
‘
th e s u c ce s s i on ofb e gan Wi th h i m
te a
c h e rs w ho .
’

Bu t n ar dpxs adal r w o s s ee m s to m e a n o n ly to b e g i n n ot to
’
,

b e g i n w i th ; an d th ough I d o n ot l i k e m y o w n r en de r i n g o f
,

th e p a s sag e Li dde ll an d S co tt and S oph ocl e s offe r m e n o

,

alter n ati v e .

I ma y ad d th a t i f t h e G os p e l a
,
c co r d i n g to P e te r di d

con ta i n th e s tate m e n t s p oken of by O ri ge n th at s tate m e n t ,

s ee m s i n te n d e d to s upp or t th e th e or y o f M a ry s p er p e tu al ’

r n —
v i g i i y av e ry o dd i n te n ti on i n a D ok e ti s t b ook th ough
t ,

w e do he a r fr o m I r e n a e us (A dv Ha er i 30 1 2) th a
. t D ok e
. .
,

ti s t O ph ite s h el d J e s us to h a v e b ee n b or n of av irg i n .

P 1 02
. . A cc ord i n g to C r e dn e r (K an on , 1 2 0
) N ik e p h or us

(th e e arl i e r ) s tate s th at th e Go s p e l a ccor d i n g to th e He b r e w s

con ta in e d fig i e ’
ar t c A n d Volk m a
,
. . r (K a .n on 2 4 3
) ,

sa y s th at s o Cr e dn e r h as w r itte n i n th e M S of h i s w or k But . .

a l l th e M SS of th e L a . ti n tr a n s lati o n o f th e n i n th c e n tur y
ag r e e i n r e adi n g an d s o V olk m a r is a l m o s t c ertai n ly
r i gh t i n s a y i n g th at w e o ught to r e ad fis i e ’
,
. .

In e i th e r c a s e th e Gos p e l a c cor d i n g to th e He b r e w s w oul d

be s h orter th a n th os e acco r d i n g to M a tth e w a n d L uk e to th e ,

form e r of w h i ch N ik eph or us g i v e s 2 5 00 an d to th e l atter ,

ar lXO L
'
.
1 18 Th e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e H e br ew s .

w i th i t ; bu t th e r e i s n oth n i g to S h ow th at he attri bute d to i t a

n
y
p e culiar auth ori ty .
’

Q uite fai ly s tate d r .

Cle m e n t of Al e x a
n dr ia a d n i
Or gen bo th qu ote th e bo ok , bu t
both d s t i i n ct ly affi m r th at th e four C a l Gosp e ls s to od a
n on c a i
l on e
as ack n ow l e dge d r e c or ds of th e L or d
’
s i
l fe .
’

N0 n ot c e i i s tak en Ire n ae u s
of .

We ae r n ot to d l th at Cl e m e n t qu ote s it w ith th e w or d s
‘
it is
w r itt en .
’

P r of . We s tcott leav e s ou t o f s igh t th e fac t th at it wa s h e l d by

Ir en aeu s ( s ee m in gly ) Ep i ph an i u s Je om e an d , ,
r ,
T h e o d or e t ( s e e m
i n gly ) as w e ll a s b p op ul a opi n i on am on th os e w h o u s e d i t to
, y g r ,

be am e e A a ma ic e diti on o f aCan on ical Gospel If Clem e n t an d

r r .

i
O r ge n th ough t th e s a m e , th e y o f c our s e i n c lu d e d it w h e n th e y
s p ok e of th e fo ur C a
n on i c a
l Gos pels .

Ep i ph a i a n a
s r e g r de d th e “
He br e w Go s p el as ah e r e ti c a
lw or k

ba S t Ma
’
s ed on tth e w
. .

No i
n o t c e i s ta k en of Eus eb iu s, w h o tw 1 ce q uote s th e Gos pel
acc or din g He br e w s —on c e dir e c tly attributi n g th e q u o te d
to th e
w o r d s to J e s u s h im s elf—a n d w h o i m pli e s th a t it w a s a n ci e n tly h el d

ca n on i c al an d th at i ts can on icity w as on ly b egin n in g to be d en i e d .

Spe a k i n g o f th e E bi on i te Hebr e w Gos p el Ep i ph a n ius o n c e c a lls ’

,

i t th e Go s p e l a c c or di n to Ma t th e w an d o n c e s a s th a t i t w a s
g y ,

na m ed a c c o r di n M a a n d th a
‘
g t o tth ew t th e y d i d n o t u s e i t i n c om

e te e n ti r e t u t c or r u p te d a n d m u til a N s th e m e a
’
p l y b ,
te d o w i n .
,

i n g o f Epiph a nia s fa irly gi ve n in th e w or ds bas e d on S t .

M atth e w
Be for e s p e a k i n g of th e Ebi o n i te Gosp el Epiph a n ia s sa y s of th e
Na za ren es th a t th e y h a
‘
ve th e Go sp e l ac c or din g to Matth e w m os t
c o m pl e te i n He br e w For a s s u r e dly th i s i s . s till k e p t a m on g
th e m a cc o r din g a s it w a s a t o uts e t w r itten i n He br e w l e tte r s
’
.
, ,

‘
J er o m e h as ve al ti m e s an d h e t an slate d i t
r e fe r re d to i t se r ,
r

i n to La ti n bu t h e n o w h e e a
,
tt i bute s to i t a y p e c ulia a u th o i ty r r n r r ,

an d c a ll s S t Joh n e pre s sly th e fo ur th an d las t Ev a gelis t

. x n .
’

In afo o t-n ote Pr of We s tc o tt gi ve s e fe e n c e s to n i n e an d sp e a

. ks r r ,

of th e r e m ai in g pas s age s S till I th in k fo s everal h e m igh t

n .
’
r
’

ha
ve w r itt en th ir te e n .
’

J e r om e a
lso tr a
n slate d i t i n to Gr e e k .

J e r om e n o t on l
y r e c or d s tw i ce o ve r, w ith out d e m ur , th e c om m on

b e l i e f i n i ts Matth a ea n a u th o r s h i p bu t o n c e dis ti n c tly , st a

te s th a
t
it w a
s th e ori gin a
l of th e Gre ek Matth e w .
 Pr of Wes tcott on th e Ex ter nal E v idence . 1 19

Th i s be
g i n so , it c an n o t be of th e ligh te s t sign ifi can ce
s th a
t he
a
lls pr e ss ly th e an d las t Ev a n el is t
’
c S t J oh n
. ex fou r th g .

c t th a
Ye t th e fa pp e aled to th at boo k
t he a a s
g i v i n
g th e t e s ti

m on y o f a n ti q u ity fur n i s h e d oc c a s i on for a n a d v e r sa r y to c h a r e

g
h i m w ith m a k in g afi fth Gos pel an d at ala te r tim e i n de fe r e n c e ,

to J e ro m e s j u d gm e n t Be d e re c k on e d i t a ec c l e sia s ti c a
“ ”
’
m on g th e ,
l
ra th e r th a n th e Apo cry ph a l w r itin gs ”
.

N 0 n o ti c e i s ta k e n of T h e o dor e t .

Be de a fte r s p e a
,
k in g o f A po c ryph a l Gospel s s ays Here i t i s to ,

be n o ted th a t th e Gos p el a cc o r di n g to th e He br e w s a s i t i s ca ll e d , ,

i s n ot to be c ou n te d a m on g a po cryph al bu t am on g eccle sias ti cal

h i s tor ie s : fo r i t s e e m e d goo d e ve n to th e v e ry tra n sl a to r of Holy
S c rip tu re Je r om e to u s e m a
,
n y e v i d e n c e s fr o m i t a
,
n d to tra n s la te ,

i t i n to th e La ti n a n d Gr e e k lan guage I th i n k Pr of We s tc ott .

’
.

ma k e s Bed e s ee m m or e d oubtful th a n d o Be de s ow n w ords bu t I

’
,

do not pr e s s th i s .

No n ot c e i i s ta
k en of Ni k e ph o r u s .

If I w e re n ow to ask Pr o f . We s tc ott s ’
m os t patial f ien d r r
‘
Is
n ot th i s st ate m e n t of th e e x te r nal e vide n ce h op ele s s ly un fair ? ’
I
s h ou ld ex p e ct h i m to an s w e r ‘
We ll i f h e ,
d id n ot k no w of m or e
e v i de n c e for i t, h o w v i d e n c e ? Re m e m b er
w as h e to gi ve m or e e

th a t w h il e y ou h a v e p ofe s s e dly m ad e aSp e ci al stu dy of th is Gos pel

r
,

h e ha s n ot I m i gh t S im ply e ply th at if P of We s tc ott h ad o n ly

.
’
r ,
r .

l ook e d o ut h i s o w n foo t- e fe r e n c e s to I gn a tiu s a n d J e ro m e i t w a

r s

i m p oss ible fo h i m j u dgin g an d w itin g fai ly to r e p e s e n t th eir

r ,
r r , r

e v i de n c e as h e ha s d on e Bu t I fin d th a t th e e di ti on o f Prof We s t
. .

w h ic h I h av e quote d i s n ot on ly e vi s e d an d m i gh t
’ ‘ ’
c o tt s boo k r
,

th e e fo h a
r v e be e n e pec te d to de ive s o m e be n e fit f om Hilge n fe ld s
r x r r
’

e di tion of th e Go s p e l a cc o d in
g t o th e He b e w s p ubl i s h e d n o fe w e
r r r

th a n e i h t y e as be fo r e but i t i s r e v i s e d a
r s th e a u th a p a tl y
g ,o r s
y s , ,
r

by th e h e lp o f th e a dv e s e c i ti c i s m o f S up e n a tura l R e li gi on P of
r r r . r .

We s tc ott e xp e s s e s h i m s elf m uch in debted to th is c i ti ci s m h e

r r :

s e e m s to h a v e e ad th e book th ough h e giv es n e aly 4 0 pp o f

r r :
“

r .

n d of th i s n u m b e r h e
Pr e fa c e to i t a :
gi v e s n e aly tw o p a g e s to r

c i ti c i in g s om e s ta
r z te m e n ts r e s p e c tin g th e Gos pe l a c c o di n t o th e r
g
Heb e w s m ar n y o f w h i ch e e i n d e e d q ui te u n fo u n de d w N o w th e
r .
,

w iter of S up ern atu al R eli gion p uts for w ad th e c lai m s of an d h i s

r r r
,

o w n u n du e p e te n s i o n s fo th e Go s pe l a
r c c or di to th Hr,e br e w s n
g e

m or e full y i n v ol 1 pp
. . . 4 2 0 6 th a
— n an d as tate m e n t
els e w h ere ,
abou t i t on o n e of th o s e p a es P ro f
g . Wes tco tt qu ote s at len gth If .

Pr of We s tc o tt r e ad th o s e page s an d e ith e r to ok on t us t ( w h ic h h e
. r

w oul d h a
r dl
y d o ) th e s ta te m e n ts th e re m ad e as to th e e v i d e n ce o f
1 20 T /i e Gospe l accor di ng to fire Hea
r cza
r /
.

I r e n ae us C le m e n t J e om e Th e o dore t an d Ni k e ph o us or l ook e d
, ,
r , ,
r ,

at th e p as s age s e fe rre d to i n th e fo ot-n ote s i n s upp o t o f th o s e

r r

s ta te m ts i t w a
en s i m p o s s i bl e fo r h i m j u dgin g a
,
n d w ri ti n
g fai r ly , ,

to m i s e p e s e t s o m e o f th a
r r t e v i de n c e a
n n d le a ve o ut th e r e s t .

A s r e gads N i k e ph o u s I m a a d d th a t Pr o f We s tc o tt i n h i s
r
y r .

o w n book p i n ts N ik e p h o u s s c a n on a n d s ti c h om e t y i n full
’
r r r .

N ot e v e n y et h o w e ve a re w e i n a p os i ti on to p o n oun c e o n
,
r, r

Pr o f We s tcott s s ta te m e n t th e O pi n i on th a t o u gh t to b e p r on o u n c e d
‘
’
. .

I in vite th e e ade s c aeful atten tion to th e follow ing am ai ng

r r
’
r z

fac ts

Th e ed iti on s o f We s tc tt s
Pr of . o
’
w or k on th e C a r da
n on be a te
1 85 5 , 1 8 66 (
‘
th e y h as
w h ol e e s s a be e n c a
r e fully 18 70
c ar e fully r ev i se d th r o ugh ou t 18 75 re v is e d
Th e ed i ti on s of Pr o f . We s tc ott s ’
In troducti on to th e S tudy o
f th e
Gosp e ls be ar da te 1 8 60, 1 8 6 7 , 1 8 7 2 , 1 8 7 5 .

T eh l atte r w o r k c o n tan s a n A pp e n d x — Appe n d i i i x D On s om e

of th e A p oc y ph al Go s p el s
r .
’
Th e fi rs t tw o s e c t on si ar e gi v en to
‘
Th e Go s p el a c o di n g to c r th e He br e w s an d Th e Go s p e l of th e
Eb i iton
’
T h e s e s e c t on s
es . i fill r ath er m ore th a
n fiv e p ages ,

4 62 — 7 o f th e 1 8 7 5 e d t o n , atr a n s la ii
tion of an d c on s is t ch iefly of
pp .

Fr ag m e n ts , w th i n o te s i n th e n ote s th e origin a ls a re
gi v en .

Bey on d afe w w or d s s ta ti n g th a t Pa pias n e e ds n ot h ave u s e d th e

Go s p el a c c o rdin t o th e He bre w s a n d th at a c i
r ta n q u otat i n fr o m
g e o

He ge s i pp u s a n d c er tai n w or ds of J e ro m e are n ot to be r e fe rre d to

i t ( in al l o f Wh i c h v i e w s h e i s q u i te righ t) w ith 6 lin e s r e la tin g to ,

th e w i tn e s s o f Epi ph a n i u s Pr of We s tc ott s a ys n o th in g abou t th e ,

.

e x te r n l e vi de n c e
a .

I h av e p ar e d all th is w o d by w o d w ith th e e dition of

no t c om r r

1 8 60 a ,
n d s o th ou h I a
g t,
a g e e ra l g l a n c e s e e n o ch a n g e t h e r e m a
n
y ,

be s o m e I p le dge m y s e lf h o w e v e th at all th e s tate m e nts w h ich

.
,
r,

I am n o w goi n g to e t ac t from th e 1 8 7 5 e di ti on ae w or d for w o d

x r r r

i n th e e di ti o n of 1 8 60 T h e sm a ll c api tals ae m in e . r .

( 1 ) O n p 4 62 w e ae e
. fe r e d to p 4 5 7 fo a F r ag m e rn t I tri s . r r .

th e f a g m
r e n t fr om th e T h e
a p h a n i a o f E u s e b i u s an d t h e i m p o r ta n t ,

p ats ae th u s en de e d by Pr o f We s tcott
r r r r
[ C H R I ST ] H IM SE L F .

ta u gh t a s w e ha v e fou n d i n apl a c e i n th e Go s p e l e i s ti n a m o n
, g g x

t h e Je s i n th e He br e w l a n u a e i n w h ich i t i s s a i a ’
w
g g d I n n o te , .

th e e fe e n c e to Eu s e biu s i s gi v e n a
r r n d P o f We s tc o tt b s a in r
y y g , .
,

th i s q u o ta ti on s ee m s to h a v e bee n un n otic e d m us t h im s elf h av e ’

,

b e e n th e di s co v e e o f i t r r .

( )
2 O n p 4 6 3 P of W e s tc ott t a
. n sla t es t
r h u s f r om Je r om e
. r

T h e Gos p e l e ti tl e d a c or di n g to th e He br ew
n WHICH I LATELY T RANS
c s,

LAT ED INT O GRE EK a n d La ti n He giv es i n a n ote th e r e fe r e n c e ’

.

a n d th e o i i n a l r
g .
I2 2 T h e Gospel accor di ng to th e Heé r ew s .

O n th e o th e r hand w e .
s ee fr om ( )
5 th a
t Pr of We s tcott h ad
.

b e tw ee n 1 8 55 a n d 1 860 c om e to l o ok on th e Ebi on i te Go sp e l o f
Ep ip h a n iu s as d s t n c t fr o m th e Go s p e l i i acc or di n g to th e He br e w s .

Ye t i n th e e d i ti on s o f h is o th e r bo ok p ubl i sh e d i n 18 66 18 70 , ,

an d 1 8 7 5 he s ti ll ( as i n 1 855 ) appli e s to th e l a tte r GO Spe l th e

dama i
g g n st ate m en t made by Epi ph an i us w i th r efe r e n c e to th e
form er on l y .

An d n ow w hat d oe s Pr o f . Wes tcott s ’

m os t partial frien d s ay ?
B . PAPIAS AND MAT T HEW .

I h av e n ot d i s c u s s ed w h eth er th e Pap i as ts are r

g h t i n afi
f rm i i g n

or th e Erasm ia i ns n de n y i n
g an A ra m ac o ri
g nal o f th e C a n on i i i al
c

Gos p e l ac c or di g n to Matth e w ,
an d I h av e adm i tte d th at th e
Ara
m ac Gos p e l i s p ok en of by Papias m ay h av e be en th e Gos p el
ac c or g to tdi
h e n Hebr e w s .

But d o n o t I see h ow w e c n a r e fu s e to b e l ie v e th a
t Matth e w
w r o te s om e Ar a i
I n dep en den tly of th e m e e an tiq uity
m ac Gos pe l . r

o f Pa pi as Eu s ebiu s h as pr e s e v e d an oth e r p as s age f om h i s w o k

,
r r r

w h i ch ma k e s i t v e y diffi c ult to s uppo s e th a rt he w a s m i s ta k en

al toge th er on th i s p oin t .

In th e p o sp e c tu s o f th i s w o k w h ic h I s en t ou t I s ta
r te d th a t r

I h ad am e n d ed th e tr an slati on O f an i m por tan t f agm e n t of Papias r

be ain g o n th i s q ue s ti on m ea n in e pa s s a e w h ich I a
’
r
g t h g ,
m n ow

g o i n
g t o t an s late I h a
rv e s i n c e c o n v i n c e d.m y s e l f th at m y c o e c ti o n rr

of th e p i te d te t w a r n s n e e d l e s s ; b u t — xas a t th e pl a c e i n p oi n t

P o f We s tco tt h a
r . s n ot t a n sla te d ri gh tly ; a nd a s h e th e w r i te r of
r ,

S up e n a tu a
r l Re li gi on ar n d to m s u p is e B i s h op Li h tfo ot h a v e r r
y , g , , ,

all m i s se d th e m e an in g of on e in te e s ti n g e p re s sion —I s h a ll s till r x

tran s la te th e pa ss a e a
g n d sa w h a
y t I h a v e to s a y o n it

A n d I sh a ll n ot h es i tate to r an ge for th e e by th e s ide of m y

Gosp els App D , O n l ook n g h ere w e find H e ron a

. .
’
d v Pela g i t ‘
i . . . iii . 2 ga
a in
q t
uo ed , but n o Bed e I p r es um e , h ere for , h a th s add t on i s acur
. t t t i ii i ous ly di s

gu i s ed d i re c ti on to th e re ader to se e th e Appe n di i xqu ti n es on o n th e Gos pe l

accordi n g to th e Hebr e w s gen e r ally — av ery p e r fec t i ta f lit
ns n ce o er a
r
y su c i id e .

Pr of . We s t cott i n th e A pp en d i x i n q tiue s on no t lyon t

p aa se r es th e Na
zar en e

an d th e Eb i it
on e Gos p e ls , but sa
al pa s sages profe s s e dly ta
y s of k en fr om ‘
s e v er

th e l a tter by Epiph anius th at th ey pres en t so m any i ncon si s tenci es th at t h ey

‘

ca n n ot h a v e be l onge d o ri gi na lly to th e s a Le t m e de al w it h Prof We s t

’
m e book . .

co tt s w r iti n gs a p n i us a
s Ep i h a n d ti m e h a v e d ea l t w it h th e Go s p el a ccor d i n g t o
’

t h e Hebrew s a nd th e few fra

, gm e n t s t h a t I w ill l e av e s h all carry ov er w h elm i ng
c on v i cti o n to M a caula ea and er th a t e Hi s tor of th e Ca
’
s N ew Z l t h non of th e
y y
New Tes ta m en t a n d th e In troduc ti on to th e S tudy of th e Gosp els ca nn o t h a v e be

l on ge d to th e s a m e w r it er
a
.

O i m Ora no w 8 6 ( TO ! It al 36 an or e r apcz r e w V na a ou It a a
’ ’ ’ ’ ’
{ l
’
/ n e
p p Aéi s n d K A é rs
 p ias and M atth ew
Pa . I2 3

i pr e tati on s all m or e ov er th at f o m tim e to ti m e I c ae fully l earn t

n te r r r

fr o m th e e l d e r s a n d ca r e fully c o m m i tte d to m e m o y a n d to c on fi r m r ,

t u th t a s th e i p ox y For I di d n ot tak e pleasur e as th e v u lgar

r r
"
r .
,

d o i n th o s e w h o w e e fu ll o f ta
,
lk but i n th o s e w h o taugh t th e r ,

tr uth ; n or in th os e w h o r e p e a te d th e c om m a n d m e n ts of oth er s b u t ,

i n th o s e w h o r e pe a te d th e c om m a n d m e n ts w h i c h t h e L or d d e l i v e e d r

to fa ith an d of w h ic h th e s ou ce w as tr uth its el f An d i f p e

,
r . r

ch a n c e th e e ca me a n on e w h o h a d b e e n i n th e fol l o w i n g o f th e
y r

l
e de s I e n
r q ui r e d,
th e e l d e r s w or d s — w ha t An d r e w or w h a t Pe te r
’
,

ha d sa id ; or w h at Ph ilip or w h at T h om as or Jam es ; or w h at , ,

J oh n or MATTHEW or a
n
y o th e r on e of th e Lor d
’
s an d

-
al s é p/ my e tats, BtaB Ba tp a
aa fra !) am 65V E
t l k /196 10411
’

uunuduev i O f;
’ '
s r e to / os

a a a
.

Aé yo v a xa dAnGi} Otddax ov a
’
w é t of n oM o l d T oi s
y p r ofs 7 w ok k 6 '
o1 T w
t oy
p e
a a a a apa
, ,

3 6s roi s r s dAAor pta

01 f
s é w r oA s p un/ Loy e z ov a
'
w , m 7 0 73 T g i
n 7 08 Kv plov 7
27
a
.

'
Mo r e Be dop e uas, It al w abr iis n apayWOp e v as r iis dAnOe tas al 1 mm)
’ ’
El 8 6
‘ ’ '
n on te

a
.

'
fi
' ’
7 "
’
7 0 23 W GO BUT G O l S é Mlo c r obs 7 63 V n e
ov Onm s 7 13 Aé r e w V dy e n w ou
' '
o P p p p yov s
‘
, p
r t(Broa
' '
A V6pe a s 1) T i He r os el zre u 5) T i <1 fAn r1ros w ns t) Ma
’ ’
d T l d
’
9
p , i ) d s i) I'
1c os i )
'
r > "

Oa i os if7 19 gr epos 7 63V 7 0 6 R upt a u ua Onr é W d r e Apta r tw u fal l 6 n ea

'

p Btr epos d w ns
’ ’
' ’ ’
'

O b ya a
,

of r a il Kv plov uaGnr a f Aé y o v m v w T oa oif r du us dxpe Aefu

3 ’

( K r éi u B tB A f
7
p , .

(Eus e bi us Hi s t Ecol iii

'
/ ou ba
‘
t n eAdnBa x ov r ct fl a s ( d o ns ( a
p p wn s n a l n e / 0 150 77 3
t , . . .

‘
T zn ré p a ct
/7 66V Not t h a t it i s tr ue as Prof Wes tcott ( Canon
. or
‘
i ts ,
’
.
,

truth as th e auth or of Sup ern atural Religion ( i

,
’
or
‘
th ei r truth as Bi sh op .
,
’

i t t
L gh foo ( Con temp Rea, A ug . .

1 Prof We s co h e re r en d er s t tt
as w h at ( Canon He cl early h ad b efor e ’
.
,

h im a n ed iti on of Eu s e b i u s i n w h i c h a s i n th at b efore m e now it r e i s run i n to fir e ;

j
, ,

and n ot bei ng abl e to m a ke a n t h i n g of t h i s h e c on e ct ured t h a

y t a fo l l o w in
g rt f

w a s l os t or w a s at l eas t t o be u n ders t ood .

T h e w rit er of S up erna tura l Re ligi on a n d Bi s h o

p L i g h t fo ot w h i ch ev er r ea d i ng ,

th ey h ad con st r ue righ tly from «it r e and th i s i s Harnack s r eadi ng i n th e edi ti on

, ,
’

F r am e nt s o f Pa i as b e for e m e ; it w a s a h rea i R fi
( 1 8 7 8 ) of t h e g p l s o t e d n g of u nus

f r h e r e n d er s aeve) w h o t ra n s lat ed Eu s e bi us on l a b t i h t a a f t
( o gu y o u , e g y y e r s e r

Eus eb i us w r o e t .

My i
d fficul y w t ith th e t t ex as w th at I did n ot bel i ev e i n 8 be . i ng u s ed w h er e
Harn ack i ha
—
oul d look for i
’
on e w r v er . r e fer s t o 2 Cl e m . . 2, w h er e w e ve o zuc
- '
h a It al in t b al e is fur r dn oxf, al 3 0 afi
’
6 18 67 63 m i li eu e nA Gn/ ev fl z/ os re It n éu e w e v 1 17 0 0 1
73
X pt o r bs ‘
m es a ,
‘’
e y er
ce na
tty . Her e on e m ghi t con j e ct ure c l ay or e x pl a i n e is
tr 7 67 m }! as Ma dvi g ( Gk Sy n ta
7 611 x , Br ow n e a i tr
n d A r n ol d s
e s . .
’

t ran slati on 1 8 7 3 p 1 8 7 ) gi v es C aul d r onk fis (ppctga m onk /1pm3 0 7 13 e ar l teal Ot ’ ’

a
, ,
.
.

(pe l ye t ( T h uc i but t h er e on e m i gh t r e n de r a ud t h e r e a s on s for w h i ch

'
l ‘ ’

l s o gi v e s A I a
. .

he a s a ir las r d 1repl 7 91V dx ohu sq a fz/ e t n adfi ua r a Ae nr e ov

’ ’

( PL
i n 84 ds alr tas as r a
, ,

but t h ere o n e m i gh t ex pla s a ir tas BL 815

’ ’
Ti m But i n
wa
. .

S oph Aj 1 2 59 (a
. .y 63 cl (th a w
) $ 3 a l as and th e c a s e b e for e us s e e m s es s e n ,

ti a lly p a rall el —b e s i d e s w h i ch w e m a y r e n der n ot a nd w h a t but and th e th i ngs ’

, ,

w h i ch as I h av e p r efe rr ed to do A t th e s a m e ti m e I t h i nk n o one w i ll de n y
’
, .

t h at if th e m ean i n g of Papi as b e w h at it h as h ith er t o be en t ak en to be ital T l or

r ta
, ,

t or i) r t w oul d h a v e b e e n m or e n a tural .

My corr ecti on w as r e a di n g E
ir e t o put fr om th a t to Ruptau i n br ack et s—ren der
, ,

i ng or w h a t Joh n or Matth ew or any oth er on e of th e Lord s di s ci pl es (as Ari sti on ’

 12 4 Th e Gosp e l accor di ng to th e Hehr ew s .

th e th i n
g s th a
t A r i s ti on an d l
th e E d er J oh n , th e d i ipl
sc es of th e
L or d , s ay . For I d id n ot su pp os e th at w hat w as ou t of th e book s
was o f s o m u ch ben e t to m e fi as w ha
t c a
me fr om a li vin g a nd

bi din g v oi c e
a ’
.

May n ot th e
‘
book s
’
be Go sp el s by a
n on m o u s
y au th ors or

a
u th o r s w ho pan ion s of Je s us P
w e r e n ot Ap os tl e s or c om
“

Ea ch in te rp ete d th e m as h e w as abl e s e e m s to i m ply th at

r
’

w h e n Pa pi as w rote th e re w as as in gl e ac c epte d v e s ion r .

Y e t Pa pias m ay n e v er h av e s e e n th e Aram aic Gosp el th e

Gos p el a cc or din g to th e Heb e w s ) a n d Ma tth e w m a y h a v e w i tte n r r

an oth e r i n Gr ee k w h i ch Papi a s mi s to ok for atr a n s la

,
ti on of th e
for m e r .

C . T HE GOS PEL or CARPOCRAT ES AN D K ERINTHUS .

Hi lge n fe l d an d th e au th or of S up ern ati on al R e ligi on ( i 4 21 ) s ay .

th a t th e h e r e ti c s C a r o cr a
p t e s a n d K e r i n th u s u s e d th e Ebi o n i te

Gosp e l o n th e fa
, ith o f th e follow in g pas sage of Epi ph an i us
But s e e h ow th eir [ th e Ebi on ite s ] d o ctr in e h a s b ee n c orr upte d
’

at e v er y p oi n t h ow e v ery th i n g i s h a ,
ltin g an d c rook e d an d h as
n o r i h tn es s F o K r i n th u s a n d C ar ocr a s u s i n fo r s ooth th e
g r e .
p g ,

sa m e Go s p e l th a t th ey h a v e w i s h to Sh ow from th e begin n in g of ,

th e Gos pel a c c or d i n t o Ma tt h e w t h at th e C h r i s t i s of th e s e e d of
g
J os eph a n d Ma ry But th e s e a r e of a n o th e r s or t o f m i n d
. For .

ha vin g c ut aw ay th e ge n e al o gie s i n Matth e w th ey begin by w ay o f

c om m e n c e m e n t a s I ha v e p r ev i o u s ly s aid w ith th e s tatem e n t th at
, ,
“
It c a m e to p a ss

If th i s p as s a e pr o v e d th a
g t C a r ocr a
p t es a n d K e ri n th u s u s e d th e

Ebi on ite Go sp e l i t w ou ld be a m o s t i m p or ta n t w i tn es s for th e

and th e Elder J oh n , th e d i i pl e of th e L ord) a ’

Th e ob e c j ti to th i i s n ot

—f it m i gh t b
sc s on s
y .

so t h at A y a ay ugh t t b A y
m uch e
’
ov w , s d ,
’
o o e
’
e e t, says or e i flun e n ce

by th pl u a l di i pl a i ad t‘
f h i h Sh a ad u a
’
e r sc k p es , d
y y n n v er e n ce o w c s er e n o r ev er

talk y i ld m ay i ta — but t h at th di i pl f th L d
e n ns uld b a
n ces
‘
e sc es o e or
’
w o e n

a lt g h
o et u l er
p titi s e e s s re e on .

Th ti h ad it b
e corre c u d ul d h a
on , b m t i m p tat b a u e en s o n ,
w o ve een os or n , ec se

it uld th h a b i m pl i d ( by th u f th p
w o en ve t t ) t h at t ly
e en e e se o e r es e n en s e no on

A i ti
r s a d th Eld J h but J h th Ap t l a d Ma
on n e tth er ti ll al i o n o n e os e n ew w er e s ve

w h enPap i a a m ak i g h
s wi q ui i s n s en r es .

ap atrr oi s w apan en orna

” '
Ha e unv n a vr a
'

xdde u dt da mt a
’ ’
er xx x 14 O pen BEr ip} 1r

a
. . .

‘
May 7 rc3 s m i x/ 7 a xw k d, Aogd, it al o bBeutaV d dr nr a gxox/ r a 0 “EV y p Krmw dos ’ f

K a
.
,

a arp e z/ o z 7 ra a pxfi s ra il a
'
Ka l Ka rn
’ ’
d b d
’
’
w on ds , 7 4 3 tr r i tr r oi s
p p é Xp p u s r f

r du e it a
'
t w a ta
- - rre p a a
Ma al ou Etza e k i ov B h a ’
al M l a e ll/ a
’
rB m ' t r lw
' ' '
yy o A o
p p r os K p s

Xp a u
t '
r d 0 57 0 ; S t i
t AA a r w Oz a u oo ii u'
ra t Ha p a a
it é t / a
l ur es w sp r s n ap r t; Mar ealq:
i
a a
6 V€ r o—
. .

t efa
‘
a a
'
e r ea a fl ra é
’ ’

y A o
'
y f s d px o z t rl w d
px l w n e t cos 1r o e i7rou
f
, p ,
A '
y or '
r es fi r : E 7 th e
q tati
uo on i s g v en i a
bov e ,
1
p 5 . .
I2 6 T h e Gosp el accordi ng to th e Hehr ew s .

K e ri n th i a
n s, a m e Gos p e l
w ho i s i t n o t s tr a
u se inin g th e
th e s
’
,

m ea n in of w or d s to i n fe r th a t t h K r i n th i an Ma tth e w foll ow e d i n
g e e

all oth e r r e s pe c ts th e p e c ulia

r i ti e s o f th e Ebi on i te te x t ?

’
D . T ATIAN S D IATESSARON .

We h av e s e en th at th e GO Sp el He br e w s c a n n ot ac c or din g to th e
ha v e b e e n c om p o s e d b
y T a ti a n B u t t h e w r i te r of S u er n a
p t u ra
. l
R e l igion m a i n tain s th at T atian di d n ot ac tu al ly c om po s e an y
Ha r m on a t a ll bu t s i m pl m a d u f th e sa m G p l a h i
y y e , s e o e o s e s s

ma s te r J us ti n n a m e ly th e Go s p e l a c c or d i n g to th e He br e w s ( ii
’
, .

Le t u s e x a m in e th e s ta te m e n ts o f o th er e a rl
y w r i te r s be s i de s E i h a
p p
n iu s a n d w i th th e m th e th e o r y bu il t o n th e m i n S u er n a tu ra l R e li i on
, p g .

E us eb i us th en tells u s th a , t Ta ti a n ha
,
vin g put toge th er ac er tain
on a s o r t of] c o n n e x i o n a n d c o m bi n a i n de n s a i I
[ t o n
[ or c o t o n
] , ,

k n o w n ot h o w o f th e Gos p el s n a ,
m e d th i s th e D iate s s a r on ,
a nd

i t i s cur re n t a m on g s o m e u p to th e p r e s e n t da w r ite r o f
’
y T h e .

S up er n atur al R e li gi on s a y s I t i s cl e a r th a t th i s i n for m a t i on i s n o t

to b e re li e d on for n ot on ly i s i t ba , s e d u p on m e r e h e a rsa
y b u t i t i s ,

a l toge th e r i n d e fi n i te a s t o th e c h a ra cte r o f th e c on te n t s a n d th e ,

w r i te r a dm its h i s o w n i gn or a re a r din
’ '
a o lB 6a
’
n ce
( i m g g th e m

( ii .

N ow ) , ( i . a p a r ti c l
th e r e i s
e o f e v i de n ot
n ce th a t E u s e b i u s s
’

s ta te m e n t i s ba s e d up on m er e h e a rsa a
y n d th a t h e h a d n e ve r s e e n ,

th e D i a te s s a r on I n de e d p r obability r un s v e ry s tron gly i n th e

.
,

o th e r d i r e c ti on Eu se biu s w a s bi s h o p of C a
. es a re a a n d e v e n i f th e , ,

l ibr a ry o f Pa m p h i lu s a t th a t pl a ce c o n ta in e d n o c opy of th e
D ia te s s ar on T h e c a n ha r dly h a,
v e faile d to s e e e ls e w h e r e abook s o
p opul ar i n par ts at le as t of S y r i ath at ( as w e s h all p r e s e n tly le ar n )
m or e th a n ah u n dr e d y e a r s la te r T h e o dor e t fo u n d u p w a r d s of 2 00

c opi e s c u rr e n t a m o n g th e c h u r ch e s o f h i s o w n d i o c e s e ( ii ) Eu s e bi us . .

tel l s u s q ui te c l e a rly th a t Ta ti an d ov e ta ile d th e n arr ati v e s o f th e

Go s p e l s i n to e a c h o th e r fo r m i n
g o u t o f th e m o n e c o m bin e d h i s tor y ;
,

an d n ot e v en th e auth or of S up er n atural Re li gi on w ill de n y th at by

th e G o s p e l s Eu s e biu s m e a n s Ma tth e w (p o s s ibly in c l udin g th e
Gosp el a ccor din g to th e He br e w s ) Ma rk L uk e a n d J oh n His , , , .

in form ation i s th er e for an y th in g bu t altoge th er i n de fi n i te as to th e

ch a ra c te r o f i ts c on te n ts iii
( ) A s to th e a s s e r ti on th a
.
’
t E u se
. b i u s

adm i ts h i s O w n i gn or a n c e ( 0 1316 ol d Ow o c) r e ga r di n
'
‘
g t h em i t S h o u l d
’
,
’

b e o bs e r v e d th a t h e d oe s n ot s a y I d o not k n o w of w h a t k i nd

‘
d p du r w a It a l a vva 5511 EtIa
’
O Tar ta
"

yw y iqu O tIIt ol d 31 mg '' e l

’
'
yy A w v
' ’
/ os
x O v z/ c et 7

adpw u 7 0 17 7 0 n poaw uti/ I aaeV t) It al 1rapé

'
aux/ Gels Std r e a at
’
' ’
l ‘
T l O l V s o e r t V I1 ( G pp e e'
r

( Hi s t Ec ol i v
. . .

t Wh i ch fr om th e fac m en t ti on e d by T h eodoret se e m s v er y u nl ik ely .

 N ot T ati an s D i tess ar on
’
a . I2 7

r e f rr n e i g t o t h e ch a rac te r o f th e c on te n d o n ot k n o w ts — ‘
but I
h ow ,
’
r e fe rr n
g to th i
e w a in w h ch Ta
y t a
n
‘
p u t toge th e r
’
h i s i i
ma
te r il W as e d o n ot k n o w
. h ow er lex n
g T at a ’
n s m e th o d p p i i
o f m p il a
co ti ma
y h av on He m a y h a ve a d o p te d a
e bee n
s t h e ba s e
.

o f hi a ati
s n rr m ti m
v e so e e s th e a c c ou n t o f o n e e va n eli s t s o m e ti m es
g ,

th a t of a n o th e r w h e r e th e c h a ra c te r of th e a
,
cc ou n ts a ffo r d e d n o
e x pl a na tion of s u ch v a r in
y g p r e fe r e n c e : h i s w o rk m ay h a v e be e n

d e fi ci en t i n ch r on ol ogi c a l sy s tem : an d fi n ally h e m ay h av e o m i tte d

sa l i e n t p or ti o n s O f th e Gos p el s w h i ch h e pr ofe s s e d to c o bi e a m n —
ch a r e w h i ch i th w ha te v e r j u s ti c e w a s (a s w e sh a ll p r e s e n tly
g w , ,

see ) a c tu a l ly br ou gh t again s t h i m .

T h e o dor e t :f i s a fte r Ep i ph a n i o s th e n ex t w r i te r w h o m e n ti on s
.
, ,

th e D i a te s s a He a y s T h e o dore t pu t toge th e r th e s o -c alle d

‘
lSO sa
’
r on .
, ,

Gos p el th r ough Fou r afte r h a

”
v in g c ut aw ay th e gen ealogi es an d
,

e v e r th in e l s e th a t s h o w s th e L or d to h a v e b e en b o r n o f th e s e e d o f
y g
Da v id a c c or di n t o th e fl e s h A n d th i s w a s u s e d n o t on ly b th
g y . os e ,

o f h i s c om p a n y bu t a l s o by th o s e w h o foll o w e d th e d o c tr in e s O f th e
,

Ap os tl e s n ot p er c e i v i n g th e k n a
,
v ery of th e c om pilati on bu t i n th e ir ,

s im pl i c i ty h a vin g tak e n th e b o ok in to u s e bec au s e it w as c on cis e .

A n d I m y s elf a l s o fo un d m or e th an 2 00 s u ch bo ok s h el d i n h on our
i n th e c h u r ch e s a m on g u s a nd h a v in a t h e r e d th e m a l l t o e th e r
g g , g
I p ut th em aw ay an d in tr od uce d i n th eir s tead th e Gospels of th e
four E v a n e l i s ts
’
g .

U p on th is th e w r ite r o f S up er n a tur a l R e li gi on r e m a rk s
‘
T h eo
d or e t n ot o n l d o e s n o t s a th a t i t i s b a s e d u p u f u
y y o n o r o r

Gos pel s bu t on th e c on tr a r y p o i n ts ou t th a t Ta tia n s Gos p el d i d

’
, , ,

n ot c on ta in th e gen e al ogi e s an d pas s age s tracin g th e de s cen t of

J e s u s th r ough th e r a c e of D a v i d w h i ch our Syn opti cs p o s se s s , ,

a n d h e s o m u ch c o n d e m n e d th e m i s c h i e v ou s d e s i n o f th e w or k
g
th a t h e c on fi s c a te d th e C op i e s i n c i r c u l a ti on i n h i s di oc e s e a s h ere

ti c a l C an o n We s tc ott s as s er tio n th at T h e odor e t r e gar d e d i t as a

.
’

c om pil a tion o f o ur fou r Gos p e l s i s m o s t u n fo un d e d a nd a r bi tra ry .

O m i s s ion s a s h e h i m s e l f p oi n ts o ut a
,
re na tu r a l to aHar m on y an d , ,

c o n c i s e n e s s c er ta in ly w oul d b e th e l as t qu ali ty for w h i ch i t c ould

"

I Bi s h op of Ky rus or Ky r rh us , i n Sy r ia . T h e pass a
ge q t
uo e d w as wr itt en

be t w e en 45 1 and 45 8 A D

a aadp ay
. .

'
37 al T l) a u aAo'yfas
’

I0 St AO II s z/ O V o v ur e de ut e v
’
0 9 It r e wv It r g er e

at M adaa ad
.

an epuar os
'
h l as It a a y e 'ye unué r ou r bV Ktptov AaBlB It ar
’
r e
purc / l 7 z
’
e It ' ' ‘
o c
'
Calm/ v o w 8k r a fi o v uuo la It a
'
d l
i
. tn
g 0 13 m i l/ 0 11 o f r s é I
t e II/ ov
p s A Ad of r o is
‘ f

é n da a a fi a a a ’ ’
e um Oé
yu m r i p ! ri s
i v v e n ns It It o v
p
'
y t /
x i m e uw n dr e s
y d AA

a
, ,

dn k oto r epou é s aux/ T ria '

‘

g 4
e 7 5 BIB Al c
p xp n a d u E / OI
I E ilp o u t It a
l/ yd ) n Ae lov s 3) OIa It O O Ias .
'

a Is r er zuna s a
‘
BIBo s T O l a tlT a S év T a ev a a 1rd0 a v v a a cov
’
it r a a
’

n l
’

p u l l: é I
t It A n t s It
y y
' ‘ '

'
dw e deuny It al 7 6: 7 6311 r er r dpw v E bayy e M o r cé u dur e t m w a a y y eAIa(Ha er Fa
’ ’ ’
b
’

y o u E tz
' ‘ ‘
. .

i .
12 8 T h e Gospel accor di ng to th e H e hr e w s .

hav e be e n h gh ly
so i p ri
ve ry p art of th e four Gosp els h ad
ze d, i f e

be en i
r e tan e d Th e O m i s s i o n o f th e p ats
. e fe e d to w h i c h ae r r rr , r

e qu a lly o m itte d f om t h e c an on i c al fou th Gospel c oul d n ot h av e

r r ,

be en s u fli c i e n t to m e r i t th e c on de m n a ti on of th e w or k a s h e r e ti ca l ,

an d h ad T atian s Gos p e l n ot be e n d iffe e n t i n v a r i ou s e s p e c ts fr o m

’
r r

o u r fo u rGo s p e l s s uc h tr e a tm en t w ou l d h a
,
v e bee n totally un a w r

ra n ta T h e s ta te m e n t m or e o v e r th a t i n pl a of T a ti a
’
bl e .
,
ce n s ,

Go s pe l T h e o do e t i ntro duc e d th e Go s pel s o f th e fo u r Eva n e li s ts

”
r
g ,

s e e m s to i n di c a te c l e aly th a t th e di s pl a r c e d Go s p e l w a s n ot a

c o m pi la tion f o m th e m b ut diffe e n t ( ii
r
,
r .

Th e a b ov e a r u m e n t i s o n e m e e ti s s ue o f fa llacie s Th e odor e t
g r .

sa ys th at Tatian c ut aw ay th e ge n e alogi e s an d oth e r pas s age s

‘
, .

F om w h a
r t do es T h eo d o e t m e a n i f n o t fr o m o u
r Go sp el s ? Wh y
,
r ,

a u th o r h im s elf t w o p a e s fu th e r o n te ll s u s t h a a
‘
ou r
g , t r l th ou h
g ,

T h e o do e t w i tin g i n th e fi fth c e n tu y s a
r ,
r ys i n th e u s u al abit ay r ,
r r r

ma nn e r o f e aly C h i s ti a
r n w i te r s th a r t Ta ti an e ci s e d
r ,
fr o m h is x

Go s pe l th e ge n e a logi e s an d c e tai n pass age s fo un d i n th e Syn optic s

r ,

h e o ffe s n o p r oof of h i s a
r s s e ti on an d th e u tm o s t th at c an be
r ,

r e c e i v e d i s th a t Ta ti an s Go s p e l d i d n o t c on ta in th e m Her e th e
’ ’
.

au th or c l e aly adm i ts by i n a
r d v e r te n c e w h a t he ha d p e vi o us ly r

d en ie d . For i f T h e o dor e t c h age s T a

, tia n w ith e c s m r
g p a ssa es
g x i

f om o u r Gos p el s i t i s e v i d en t th a
r ,
t h e m ea n s h i s r ea de s to u n d e r r

s ta n d th a t th e y fo m e d th e ba s e of T a tia o th e r w i s e th e e
’
r n s ork w r

w ou l d be no
g r ou n d for th e ch a
r e
g .

S e c on dly ,as T h e odor e t o n ly brin gs th i s on e ac cu s atio n again s t

Ta ti a it is n a tu r a l to s uppo s e th at th i s w as th e s ol e o r at
’
n s w or k , ,

an y r a te th e c h i e f, r e a s on w h
y h e c on d e m n e d i t .

T h i r d ly C a n on We s tc ott d o e s n ot p oi n t ou t th a
,
t O m i s s i on s a re

na tu r a l to a Har m on y in th e abs tr ac t w ay i m plie d He does s ay .

th a t T h e o d or e t s p e a
‘
k s o f o m i s s i on s w h i c h w e r e a t le a st i n pa rt

na tu r al i n a Har m on y m e an in g I s upp os e th a ’
,
t Ta ti a n mi ht
g , ,

l eav e out th e ge n e al ogie s i f h e foun d h i m s elf un able to h arm o n i z e

th e v e r s i o n s o f Ma tth e w a n d Lu k e s a ti s fac to r ily .

Four th ly n o o n e I i m agin e h a
,
s e v e r s up o se d th a
, p t i n Ta
,
ti an s
’

w ork
‘
e v e ry p a r t O f th e fou r Go s p e l s w a i n e d if by th i s
s r e ta
’
,

ph r as e i s m e an t th e e n tire te x t of e ac h of th e four Go s pe l s Wh e r e .

an i n ci de n t w as d e s cr ibe d by s e ve ra l e van ge li s ts th e Go s p e l ,

th r o ugh Fou r w o ul d gi v e ate x t c om p o u n d e d fr o m e a

’
ch but n o t ,

th e full te x t o f e a ch s epa ra te ly S uc h a c o m bin e d n a r ra ti v e .

,

th ou gh i t w oul d be l onge r th a n a n
y t w o o f ou r Go s p e l s w ou l d be ,

m u ch m or e c on ci s e th a n a l l fo ur toge th e r .

Fifth ly th e r e i s n o t th e s ligh te s t a
,
na logy b e tw e e n o m i s s ion s i n
th e fou r th Gos p e l a n d Ta ti a Go s pel th r ough Fou r ’ ’
n s Th e .

w r i te r o f th e for m e r h a d ap e rfe c t r igh t to l i m i t th e r a n e of h i s

g
 1 30 T h e Gospe l accor di ng to th e Heh r e w s .

th rough Fo ur ’
or as cri be i t to T atan , bu t i c a
ll it "“
th e Go s p el
accor din g to th e He br e w s t th e Go s p e l e x is ti n g am on g th e J e w s ,
’

i n th e Hebr e w la n ua e
g g 1
‘h
t e G o s p e l w h i c h,
h a
’
s c o m e t o us i n

Hebr e w ch ar ac ter s th e Gosp e l a c c or di n g to Ma Hth e

‘ ‘ ’
tth e w
’
, ,

Hebre w Gosp el i th o Go s p e l w h i ch i s w ritte n i n He br e w let

‘
,
’

te r s fi ,
’
l th e G os p e l a c c o r d in
g to th e H e b r e w s a c co r di n
g t o th e

A p os tl e s or a s v e ry m a n y or m o s t] d e e m a c c or din
, , [ g t o , ,
‘
th e Go s p el w h i c h i s w r i tte n i n He br e w a n d r ea d by th e
th e Gos pe l w h i c h th e N a za r en es a n d Ebi on i te s
‘
th e Go s p e l
w h i ch th e Na za S tra n ge th a t i f th e Gos p e l a cc or di n g
’
ren es use .

to th e Hebr e w s w e r e by s om e a s c ri be d to T a ti an a n d ca lle d th e
Gos p e l th r o ugh Fo ur Eu s ebi us Epiph a n ia
,
s an d Je r o m e w h o s o
, , ,

o fte n r e fe r to i t s h ou l d e i th e r n o t k n ow th i s fa
,
c t o r o m i t to m e n

tion i t .S tr a n e th a
g t C h ri s ti a n s o f th e th ir d a n d th e fo u rt h c e n

ta ri e s s h o ul d i v e t h e G os p e l a c c or di n g to th e Hebr e w s ati tl e a nd
g
as c ri be to i t an ori gin tota lly di ffe r e n t from th e title giv e n an d th e
or i i n a i b d b t h i l i t a ry l e a d S tra n e th a t th y
a
s c e o n er s
g r
y e r w e r
g e .

s h ou l d c a st bo u t for ac a n on i ca l r elati on sh ip for i t w h e n i t w as ,

a lre ady as cr ibe d to Matth e w i n th e p r e v i ou s c en tur y an d in d oin g ,

s o s h oul d i n v e s t a n ote d h e r e ti c w i th i ts a uth o r s h i p w h il e th e y ,

g a v e t o a w o rk w h i c h w a s a pp a r e n tly on ly a v a
. r ia n t Ma tt h e w ,

w i th h e re a n d th er e a n a ffin i ty t o Luke a nd H Hw h i ch w as n ot ,

as l on g as e i th e r Of th e m ati tle i m ply in g th at i t w as an a , ma l

g a m a t i o n o f M a tt h e w M ar k L u k e a n d J o
,
h n 1 , ,

Th e a s s e r tion th a t th o s e w h o ca ll e d th e Gosp el us e d by
Ta tia n th e Go s p e l a c c or d in g to th e He br e w s m u s t h a ve r ead th e
i s o f c o ur s e p ur e ly a r bi tra ry T h e s ta te m e n t too th a
’
w ork , , t it .
, ,

w a s
‘
fo un d i n w i de c ir c ul a ti o n pr e ci s ely i n th e pl a c e s i n w h ic h ,

ea r li e r th e Go s p el a cc o r din t o th e Heb re w s w a s m or e p a r ti c ula rl

, g y
c u rre n t s e e m s to h a
,
’
v e n o m or e groun d th an i s affor de d by th e
fa c t th a t 1T fi l Je r om e w as a ll ow e d to c opy th e Gos p el ac c or din g to th e
He br e w s by th e Naz ar e n e s i n Be r oe a w h o w e re i n th e h abi t of ,

u s in N o w B er oe a A l e pp o w a or ty m ile s s ou th of T h eo dor e t s
’
g i t .
( ) s f

C l em e n t of Al e x an dr ia , i
Or gen, Eus eb us i (4 tim es )
, Ep ip h a
ni us , J e rom e

(5 ti m es
) .

"

I Eus eb iu s .
I Eus ebi us .

Ep ph a ni us i
( w ce ) J er om e t i . s a
y s , w h i ch is call ed by v ery ma
n
y [ a
r , m os t]
p eopl e th e or g n al of M a h e w
’
i i tt .

HEpiph ani us , J erom e .

fi
l J e rom e . J erom e .

H ”
J ero m e i t
. J erom e B y Ir e n ae us . .

I ] In th e Sti c h om et r y of Ni k eph orus ( s ee p 1 1 6) Luk e conta

II i ne d .

ar txm Ma
'
tth ew
, an d th e Gospel a ccor ding to th e Hebr ew s ,

a a M att a av e q uot ed a nd t ra n sl ated ’

llll C t l S c r i t Ecc lcs
p un der . h eus I h
. .

th e t t ex on p 18. .
 N ot T ati an s D i ates sar on
’
. I3 I

c ath e dr a
l tow n , a nd w as n ot i l
n c u de d in h is d i oce s e , hav i n
g a :

i
b s h op of i ts ow n . I do n ot m ea
n to s a
y th at th e N aza
r e n e Go s p el
i
m gh t n o t as o h ae b een u s e d by s o m e
l v
e o l e tw e n t m es p p y il or S O

fu r th e r n orth , w th n th e i i ’
m ts of T h e o dor e t s d o c e s e ; bu t li i i I do
v ery s tr o n
gly bj t t o ec o th e st a
te m e n t th a
t th e w or k m en t i on e d by
T h e o do r e t w a
s fo u n d plac es w h er e th e Gosp e l
‘
p re c se i ly i n th e
’

acc or din g to th e He bre w s h a d been m or e p a

‘
rti cul a rly c u r r e n t .
’

T h e fa c t O f J e r om e s h a vin g C opie d th at Go sp e l at Bor oe adoe s n ot

’

e v e n p ro v e th a m or e p ar ti cul aly c u r e n t th e r e ; B e o e a
‘
t it w a s r r r

ma h av e b e e n on ly th e fi s t to w n w h e r e h e h a d th e O pp o tun i ty
r
y r

o f c opy i n g i t For im m e dia .tely a fte r a r ivi n

g i n th e E a s t h e r

r e ti e d for fo ur y e as to th e d e s e r t o f C h a
r lc is on th e n or th s i de of
r ,

w h i ch Be r o e aw a s S i tu ate d a t adi s ta n c e of o n ly tw e l v e m il e s fr o m
,

Ch a l cis i ts elf .

T h e e xpl a na ti o n of th e fa ct th a t s om e p e opl e c a lle d T atian s ’

Gosp el th r ou gh Four th e Go sp e l a c c o di n
g to th e H e br e w s i s r

ob v i ou sly th a t gi v e n by Pr ofe s s o We s tc ott ( C a n on 3 1 9 n o te

) r , ,

Both bo ok s w er e c ur r e n t i n th e s a
me i
c o u n tr e s , an d di ffe r e d fr om
th e C a
n on i al G p
c os el s by th e o m s s o n of th e ge n e a i i
l o g e s Fe w i .

w rit e r s o u t of Pale s t i ne c ou l d c om par e th e bo ok s s o as to d e te r m n e i

th i a
l di fl e re n c e s add th at T a ti a ma i
e ven
’
T o th
’

e r re . n
y s le t m e
ha v e pr e fe rr e d to us e th e Aram ai c Matth e w th e Gosp e l ac c or d ,
’

i n g to th e He bre w s r a th er th a n th e Gr e e k on e for h i s c om pil a

, ti o n , ,

or Ii i: h e m a h av e us e d M S S n e a r er to i t th a n th o s e o n w h i ch w e
y .

n ow ba s e o ur te x t U p on e ith e r v i e w th e c on fus i on of h i s w ork w ith

.

th e Go sp e l a c c or di n to th e He b r e w s be c om e s s til l m or e e a y t
g s o

u n d er s ta nd a n d e x c us e .

Be for e c l o s in g th i s e x a m in ati on i t i s n e c e s s ar
y j u s t t o n o ti c e a
s ta te m e n t by V i c tor of C a p u a th at T a ti an c a l l e d h i s G o s p e l
th r ou gh Fi v e ( Di a p en te ) T h e pa s s a ge ru n s a s fo l l o w s —H om
|
.
H
‘
F r

h i s [ Eu s ebi u s s ] h i s tory to o I h a v e fou n d th at T atian a m o s t

’
, , ,

l earn e d m an an d or ator of th at tim e , c om pile d on e Gos pe l o ut of

adm it th i s of th e Ebi o nit e editi on

I onl y .

fi t E s p ec i ally i f h e com pi l ed h i s w ork a ft er h i s m i gra ti on fr om Rom e to S r i a

y .

E en s om e O f our e x ta n t MS S as w i ll b e s ee n i n th e n ot e s to th e Fra m e n t s
111 v g .
, ,

r ese nt on e or tw o s t r i k i ng r e s e m bl a n ce s to th e t ex t o f th e Gos e l a
p ccor d i ng to
p
th e Heb rew s Ta tian moreov er Was th e pupi l of Jus ti n w h os e coi nci dences w ith
.
, , ,

th at Gosp el w i ll al so be noti ced and w h o cert ai nly us ed our Gos p el s al th ough h e

, ,

ma h a v e u s ed th e Gos p el a ccord i ng to t h e Hebr ew s a s w e ll S e e App end i x E

y .
,

J us ti ’
n s m em o i r s of th e A p os l e s t .
”

Writi n g about 550 A D . .

Ex h i t i aqu qu i u
s or o e e s com er
p i qu od Tati an us , v i r erudi ti s s im us et or tor
a
i ll i ns t e m por i u um
s, quatu
n ex or com p agi n a ngel i um
v e rit Ev a , cui ti tul um D i ap t en e

i mp osu it (P aef
r . ad Anon . Harm . Ea
ti ng)

x 2
 I3 2 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H eh re w s .

four , to w h i ch h e p u t th e t tl e D i iap e n te .
’
Ne v e r h as so p u z lin g
z

an as s e r ti on bee n m or e r e ck l e s s ly c om m e n te d on .

Fir s t, P r ofe s s or We s tco tt ( Can on ,

3 21 , n o te
) s a
y s
‘
If th e r e
ate m e n t th a t Ta ti a n s Ha r m o ny w a s ca ll e d ’
be no e rr or i n h is st

Di a en te th e fi fth Go s p e l a ll u d e d to i n th e n a m e w a s p roba b ly t h a t
p ,

ac c or din g to th e Hebr e w s an d th e ti tl e w as giv e n in c on s e q ue n c e

,

o f th e c o n fu s i on a lr eady n otic e d We stc ott s eem s to h ave s ee n th e .

’

o r i gi n a l p as s age of V ictor of C apuai n Cre dn e r s Bei tr dge but h e ’

,

d oe s n ot q u o te i t a nd a r gu es a s if h e h a
,
d n ot s e e n i t For V i c tor .

d oe s n ot s a y t h at T a ti an s w or k
‘
w a s c all ed
’
D i a p en te
‘
t h r ou h
g ,

Fiv e bu t th a ,
’
t Ta ti an h i m s elf
g a v e i t th i s ti tl e w h i ch q u i te di s ,

p os e s of th e s ugge s tion th at th e ti tle w as giv e n by o th e rs i n

‘ ‘

c on s e qu e n c e of th e c on fu s i o n a lr eady n otic ed betw e e n h i s w ork ’

an d th e Go sp el ac cor din g to th e Hebre w s .

S e c on dly th e w riter o f S up er n a
,
tur a l R e li gi on ( 1 1 1 5 3 ) s a ys .

Ta ti a n s Gos p el h o w e ve r w a s n ot on ly c a ll e d D i a tes s a
’
r on b u t

p ua i t w as al s o calle d D iap en te ( a
, , , ,

ac c or din g to V i c tor of C a s m v r e)
’

“
by fiv e
”
a c om pl i c ati on w h ic h s h ow s th e in c or r e c tn e s s of th e
,

e c cl e s i a l th e ory of i ts c om p os ition ; an d again ( ii 1 61 ) We

s ti c a
‘ ’
.

ha ve s een th at i n th e s ix th c en tu ry i t w as d e s cribed by V i c tor of

s D ia i H
“ ” ”
Ca p u a a p e n te b y fi ve n s te ad, of
“
b y f o ur , e a l s o doe s .

n ot q u ote th e La tin m a k e s V i c tor s a y ,m e r e ly th a t i t w a s ca l led

D ia p en te an d i n th e s e con d r e fe r e n c e in sin uate s th at i t i s de ‘

ti o n of fiv e Go s p e l s by V i c tor —w h o O n th e
,

s c r i be d as a c om pil a ,

c on tr a ry s a ys th at i t w as ac om pilation o f four .

T h ir dly D r S a n da h a
y ,
s ta k .e n o n tr u s t th e s ta te m e n t i n S u
p er

na tur a l R e ligi on ( w h i ch h e gi ve s a s h is a u th or ity ) a n d b ol dly te l ls ,

u s ( Gosp e ls 2 40) th a t V i c to r o f Ca pu ai n th e s ix th c en tury sp eak s

‘
,

tia as a Diap e n te r ath er th a D ia

”
of T a
“
n a
“
te s s a
’ ”
n s w or k r on

(p 24 2 ) T h.e fi fth w o r k all u d e d to b

y V i c to r o f C a
,
p u a
ma p o s s ibly h a v e bee n th e Gos p e l a c c or di n t o th e He br e w s
y g .

Th i s i s th e c on s e q ue n c e l ook in g ou t r efe en ce s ; i t w o uld be

o f n ot r

i
d fficu lt to m il
s e ad th e r eader m or e c o m pl e te ly as to w h a t Vi c tor
does s ay .

I am s ur p is e d
r p er ce i v e d th at V ic to r s ti tle
th at no on e ha
s
’

D iap e n te th r ough Fi v e m us t be am e e s lip o f th e p en F om r . r

h is ow n e x pr e s s w or ds w e k n ow th at h e w as ac quain te d w ith th e
i
e x s te n c e an d ch a
rac ter of Tatan i ’
s w ork fr o m Eus eb iu s, an d see m

i n gly ( as h e gi v e s n o o th e r a u th or i ty
) h i m al o n e a n d f r om Eu ,

s e bi u s s a c c o un t h e d i s ti n c tly d e s c ri be s i t a s ac o m bi n a ti o n of four
’

Go spel s Eu s ebiu s s a
.
y s th a t T a ti an c al l e d h i s w o r k D i a -te s s ar on

th r ou gh Four a n d V i c tor c opy i n av i

‘ ’
, g h i m m u s t h , e n te n d e d to ,

sa y th e s am e N O d ou bt
"
w h e n h e took d o w n th e w or ds o f Eu
.

Or , w h i ch com e s t o th e s a
me th i ng, h is MS . of Eus eb iu s ma
y ha
ve h a
d th e
1 34 T h e Gosp el accordi ng to th e Hehr ew s .

n ot qu ite fall i n w ith pr e c o n cei ve d opin i o n s an d i s dis m is s e d as a ,

ma n ife s t i n te p ol a ti on aglo s s h a r vin g c r e pt in to th e tex t fr om th e

,

m agin r Wh e n a M S i s foun d th at d oe s n ot c on tain th e w or ds

.
’
.

‘ i
w h ch a r e c a ll e d G o s p e l s th e
g l o s s -
t h e or y w ill d e s e r v e r e s p e ct
’
,

til l th e n i t h a s n ot a a g o f r ea s on to h i d e i ts n ar k e dn es s .

T h e w r i te r o f S up e n a tur a l R e li gi on d o e s in d ee d agu e a
r s foll ow s r

( i . I f J u s tin r e a lly s ta t e d th a t th e M e m oi r s w e e c a l l ed r

Gos p el s i t s e e m s i n c om p eh e n s ibl e th a
,
t h e S h oul d n e v e r c a
r ll th e m
s o h i m s el f In n o o th e pla . c e i n h i s w r iti n gs d o es h e a r pply th e
plur al to th e m bu t on th e c on trary w e fin d T y ph o r e fe in g to
, , ,
r rr

w h i c h h e s ta te s th a t he ha s ca
”
th e s o- ca ll e d Gos p el ,
r e ful l
y r e a d ,

an d w h i ch of c our s e c a n on ly be J us ti n s
“
M e m oi s an d aga in i n ’
,
r
, ,

an o th e r p at of th e s am e dia r l ogue Jus ti n qu o te s pass age s w h ic h

ae w itte n i n th e Gos p e l ( S 93 bay y h ip y y pa a ) T h e ter m
“ '
r r r 7 s s s nr t .

Go s p e l i s n o w h e r e e l s e u se d by J u s ti n i n efe en c e to aw ri tte n
”
r r

r e c or d : ’

Th e ex plan ation is n o t, h ow e v e r , far to fin d for a n

y on e w h o w il l

s e ek it . Th e en t re i bod y of fac ts k n ow n an d r e c or de d c on cer n i n g

J e s us w as S p ok e n of as p el th e
th e Go s p ar ticular w r itin gs w h ich
c on t a in e d p ortion s of i t h a
to be ca
d o n ly l ate ly c om e
ll ed th e Gos
el a c cor din g to s u ch a n d s uc h aw r i te r Pa p i as for i n s ta n ce i n
p
.
, ,

Spea k in g o f w o r k s w h i c h h e s a y s M a r k a n d Ma tth e w w r ote d oe s ,

n ot e m pl oy th e w or d ; to M a rk s book h e
gi v e s n o pa r t i c u l ar n
’
a m e ,

bu t h e c a l ls Matth e w s book oracl es He h i m s el f w r ote ab ook

‘ ’
.
’

ca lle d Ex p o s i ti on o f D om in i c a ] Or a cl e s
( K v ia u
‘

A o tw v
y p m v

w h i ch w ith Bi s h op Li gh tfo o t ( Con t R eu for A ug

,
. . .

I b elie v e to m e an Ex p os i tion of s acre d book s about th e

‘

Lor d Wh en p e opl e S pok e of th e body of fac ts n ar rate d i n th e

.
’

cr e d r e cor ds th e y c a
‘
sa lle d i t th e Gosp el w h en of th e r e c or ds
, ,
’

th e m s elv e s th e y u s e d th e w or d Ora cl e s as Papias or Me m oir s ‘

,
.

as Ju s ti n or s om e o th e r But i n c our s e of tim e th ey got to c a

,
. ll
th e m by th e n a m e of Gos pe l s a n d J u s tin a lludes to th is gr o w in g ’
,

c u s tom : b ut fo r a ll th a t h e h im s e l f pr e fe rr e d to u s e h i s o w n o l d
fa s h i on e d te r m .

T h er e i s I m a y a dd n o r ea
,
s on to s upp o s e th a t, t h e a u th o r s h i p
of th e Gos p el a c c o r din g to th e He br e w s w a s a ttri bute d to th e
A p o s tl e s ge n er a lly i n th e 2n d or e v e n 3 r d c e n t Ir en ae u s c alls i t .

S i m ply th a t Gos p el w h i c h i s a c c or di n g to Ma a ’
tth e w n d h e w ro te ,

By th e Sup erna tura

w r it
l Religion Th e la
er of s ex re s s on
p w h im : t i a
e ba yy e AIa , as m
’
a rs h a
n y s ch ol a re d, i s am a
v e d e cla n fe s n er ol a on
p It i s , i n i ti t ti .

a ll p rob a i it
b l y agl os s o n th e m a rg n Of s om e O l d M S w h ch s om e co
, py s a f er i i .it t
w a rd s i t
n s er e d i n th e ex
’
t t
S ch olar is a n unfor un ae s ubs u e for cri ti c, a
. s t t tit t it
c on v e y th i
s d at h t
a
e th e e w ords a ul ty
r e fa fr o m th p i t f i
e f pu
o n h la
o v ew o re sc o r

sh ip .
’
 E oi aen ce
’
f or an a a
g ai n s t y on” ’
oi i .
53 —c i i i . II . I3 5

less ye ar s pe h ap s only 4 0 after Ju s tin A re w e to belie ve

th a
n 50 ,
r ,
.

th at h e w ou l d h av e s o de s cribed aw o k w h ic h i n h i s boyh ood t w as r

"

rea d on S un d a ys i n Ch ris tian as s e m blies as th e Me m oirs of th e

A p os tle s
Th e r e ar e n o p r oo fs th a t J us ti n u s e d th e Go s p el ac c o r di n
g to

th e He br e w s a t a l l : i n tw o c a ses h e a c cor d s w i th i t i n c erta in

p e culiarities but th es e sam e p ec uliaritie s ar e al so foun d i n M S S of
,
.

Ma tth e w a n d Lu k e w h i ch w e k n ow to r ep re s en t a2n d c e n t ty p e .

o f te x t In n e ith e r of th e s e c a
. s e s i s h i s a r e em e n t w ith th e Go s p e l
g
acc or din g to th e Hebr ew s e x ac t w h il e i n on e h e d oe s agr e e v e rba tim ,

w i th th e M S S i n q u e s ti on I am n o t di sp utin g th at h e m ay h ave
. .

e m pl o e d th i s Go s p e l a m on
g o th e rs b ut I d o s a th a
y t w i th n o
y , ,

e v i de n c e th at h e u sed it a t a ll i t i s c h il di s h to h o l d th a t h e us e d i t ,

to th e i r e x c u s on l i .

F , A NALYSIS or T HE EX TE R NAL AND INTERNAL EVIDENCE FOR AND

AGAINST T HE GENUINENES S or —
J OHN v ii 5 3 v i ii 1 1 . . .

) ( i .
( a
EX T ERNAL EVIDENCE
) T ex t o Ea
f t an t M S S . .

—
J oh n v ii 53 v iii 11 i s c on ta in e d w ith ou t trace of
.
‘
. s us pi cion
S cr i v e n e r ) i n 7 u n c i a D E GH K U F an d 3 1 8 c ur s i v e s i
( l s , , ,
to w h ch

ma
y be adde d th e fi rs t ha
n ds of 3 a
nd th e s e c on d ha
n ds of 9 ou r

Sl v e s .

It i s om itt d e ial NBA C T LX IA

by 8 un c s, ,
a
nd 57 c ur s iv es ,

w hil 4 th u e o er c rs iv ( i lu di g G d 2 3 7 m ti
d aga i bes l ) nc n o .
, en on e n e ow

o m it v iii 3 — 11 . .

b li d i m ak d a d ubtful i 3 u ial M SA a d
’
It i s o e ze ,
. e . r e s o ,
n nc s, ,
n

42 u i v c ( i l
rsu d i g G d
es 3 3 a d —
nc ) a d b t h d nh a d o n cv n e s e c on n s
y y .
,

o f 3 th ou iv ; h il p at f i t a
er c rs m ak d i 2 u i a
es l E w e r s o re so r e n nc s,

( v iii 2 —1 1 a d II
).
( iii 3 a d 2 n i ( v iii 4 I
v . n cur s v e s .
+ n on e

c u iv h i h
rs e tai th p a ag viii 1 2 i al
w c c on itt aft ns e ss e . s so w r en er

vii 52 . .

It i itt at th s w r d f th G p l i G d 1 a d 1 1 th
en e en o e os e n o . n o er

c u iv ( i lu di g G d 2 3 7 m ti d ab v ) a d p at f i t
rs es nc n o .
, en on e o e ,
n r o

v iii 3 —11 ) i a pp d d i 4 i v ( i l di i a
( . u s so u g h h h d
en e n c rs es nc n one w c

p v i u ly m itt d th
re o s ti pa ag )
o e e en re ss e .

It i i t d a ft s ii 3 6 i
n s er e u iv a d at th d f Luk er v . n on e c rs e, n e en o e

i by 4 u iv ( i l d i G d 1 3 a d G d
'

xx . u g c rs es nc n o . n o .

Th u s of 4 59 late auth orities ( cur s iv e )

r no le s s th a
n 1 29 om it ,

1
"
T ad r op y n o v e
n war a 7 6 V
’
A 7roo r d) \ w v 3) 7 aa y yp ip na a
v
''
c r T 6 V IIpocpnrcé u dua
'
’
'

‘
y w cé m cer at y expts
’ ’
e
y xw p T— Ap 0 l
e 67 . . i . .

1 X h ow ev er i s , , s ad b i
y D r Burgon to b e . am ere com m en tay r
(w ith a
ecom

n in
a t xt h Gos pel s as p ubli cly ad
p y g e ) on t e re .
I36 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e [ Yeti /
ew e .

tr an s fe r , o r obel z e i th e p as s age an d am on g ,
th es e ar e th e 5 e x ce ed

i n gly m p orta
nt i cur s iv es 1 , 1 3 , 3 3 , 69 a n d ev —y .

ar li e r M S S n c ia
l n o l e s s th a n 13 o m it o r obel i z e
O f th e 2 0 ( u ) e .

it . A m on g th e s e a r e th e 5 m os t a n c i e n t on e s NB of th e 4 th c e n t , .
,

an d A C T of th e 5 th ce n t D th e ol de s t M S w h ich c on tain s i t ( 5 th .
,
.

o r 6th is c el ebr a te d for c u r io us a ddi tio n s T h e n e x t ol d es t .

M S E ( 7 th o r 8 th obeli z e s p a r t o f th e p a s sa e a n d th e n e x t
.
, g , ,

L ( 8 th o m i ts a ll of i t T h e re s t a re a ll o f th e 9 th o r l 0th .

c en t .

( )
b T ex t o Ver s ion s
f .

Th e p as s age i s ain ed i n th e V ulgate th e

c on t ,
Jer u s a
lem Syr ia c,

th e A e th i O pi c , a te r M S S o f th e A r m e n i a
n d la n . . Th e MS S . of th e
O ld La
tn i a
re d i id
v e d, but th e e vi den ce fo r th e p as s age ov e rw e igh s .

It i s om itt d e by th e I tal an Re c en s on ( i
f and
g) C ur e to n s i i . e .
,
’

Sy ri a c fi th e
‘
i a i i iac th e T h e baic th e
Pes h tt , th e Ph lo x e n an Sy r , ,

Goth i c a n d ea
,
r li e r M S S o f th e A r m e n i a n T h e ea rli er ( a a
g . in st .

th e la te r ) Me m ph iti c M S S a re sa id to w an t i t an d Mr Mc Clellan .
,
.

7 a ll o w s th i s I a
( N ew T es t 20 ) , b ut d o n o t k n o w w h e r e t h e s t t e ,

m e n t i s e s ta bli sh e d a n d p r e fe r to r e a
g r d th e e v i de n c e of th e Me m

p h i ti c a s un c er ta i n .

T h e La tin v e r s i on s th er e for ta k en a par t fro m th e r e s t tell for

, , ,

th e p a ss a e t h e S yr i a c a ai n s t i t th e E yptia n a a in t i t a n d t h e
g g , g g s , ,

re s i du e a g a i n st i t T h e ba l an ce o f th e c om bi n e d e vi de n c e i s a a
.
g i n st .

( ) 0 E v i den ce f o Earl
y W i te r rs .

Am on g th e L atin Fa th e r s Am bros e Au gus tin e a nd , ,

J e r om e
su ppo rt it . Am br o s e q u otes or r e fer s to i t 4 tim e s c l e arly , w ith ou t

an y d oubt . Augus t n e d o e s i so i
6 t m es , on c e m en t on n g i i it as a
p e culiaity r of J oh n s Gos p e l ,
’
on c e ex p oun din g i t v er s e by v e r se i n
h i s Com m en ta
ry on Jo h n , an d on c e st atin g th a
t ‘
s om e of l i ttle

Th i s v ers on , i as p ubl s h e i
d by C u t a re on , w s awn ti ng be t w een J oh n v n 3 7 .

an d x iv . 10 . But i n th e a u tu m f 18 7 0 th
n m o ree ore fra gm en t s w ere foun d on e ,

of w h i ch m os t ha l
pp y i co mp i J h ii 3 7—iii
r se s o n v . v 1 9 : it l e a
. v e s out th e en ti re

p ass a
g e b e fore us Th e
. di y ha
sc ov e r pp d aft th en e er e p ubl i aic t on of T i s ch en dorf s
’

las t e d iti on a
nd , s r t ag ly ugh D S i
n e en o , r . cr v e n er w as unaw a
re of it w h en
i
i n 1 8 7 4 h e p ubl sh ed th e 2 n d e d of h i s In troducti on to th e Cri ti cis m of th e .

New Tes ta m en t Mr Ha m m ond a l s o , i n 1 8 7 6, d s n c ly s aes h a th e Cur e

. . i ti t tt t t
toni a n i s defe c v e h ere ti
L e t m e , h e r efor , s a y h a th e tw o o h er fra
.
gm en s t t t t t
found a
r e Luk e x v . 2 2— x v i 1 2 , . xv ii . th at i 1 8 7 2 P n ro f W W i gh t
. . r of Ca
m
i t
br dge pri n e d, p r v aely , 1 00 i t co pi es of th e Sy i a t t
r c ex , on e f ohi h i w c s i n th e
iti
Br sh Mus eum ; a nd ha a a a t t t
ti on i n to N T Gr eek w e o n n Pt ii r n sl . . i ll b f u d i . .

o f Mr Cr ow foot s Fr a en taEv a ngeli ca h e fa c t th at reton i a

’
.
g m T t h e C u n i s n ot .

d efe c ti v e h e r e but n ev er th el es s l ea
,
v e s out t h e p a ge i s th e m or e i m porta
s sa nt be ,

ca u s e i t i s o pp os ed to i ts a ll i es D a nd th e Ol d La ti n : w e sh ould h av e supposed
ap ri or i th a t th e Curetonian w ould con t ai n th e s t ory .
I3 8 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Heé r ew s .

of i
th e gen u n e n e s s of th e as sage Bu t th s e d p
e n c e i s m u ch ater . i vi l
th an th at to be d e r e d fr om M S S e r s on s an d faivth e r s an d th e . v i
i
s n gul r a appropria ten e s s o f th e s tory to th e h i s tor y of cer tain fe m a
le
s i n ts
a eas i ly ac coun ts for i ts i n tr o du c ti on i n to th e ser v i c es of th e
C h urch .

( 6) E v i den ce o
f S ch oli a .

A n ote i n th e m a
r
g n i of A ( 9 th or p erh ap s 8 th a
nd

a gr eat m an y c ur s iv e s r un s th us ,
d o ub t T h e ve r s es m a rk e d

ful a r e n o t c on ta in e d i n s om e Copie s n or i n Apolli n ari us but are ,

c on ta in e d en tire i n th e an c ien t on e s T w o o th e r s ch olias ts s ay th e .

’

v er s es ar e foun d i n an ci en t c opie s an d th at th ey ar e n ot c on
‘ ’

ta in e d i n th e m a j ority of c opie s bu t ar e fou n d i n th e m ore an ci e n t , .

’

O n e s c r i be ( o f th e 9 th c e n t ) s ays th e pas sage i s n ot c o n

‘
.

ta i n e d i n th e c opi es of th e pr es e n t da an o th e r th a i ‘ ’
t t i s fo un d
y ,

in pi e s
s om e C o .
’

T w o s ch oli a s ts p r on o un c e agai n s t i t o n e be c au s e i t
‘
i s n o t ,

foun d i n th e m o e a c cu a te of th e Copi e s th e oth e r be ca

’
r r us e i t i s ,
‘
n o t c o n tain e d i n th e m aj ority of c opie s n or m en tion e d by th e ,

d ivi n e fa th e r s th a t have w ritten c om m en taie s— I m ean Joh n Ch ry r

s os tom a n d C ri l of Al ex a
y n d ia — n or
y e t b y T h eodor e of M op s u e s ti a
r

a
nd th e r es t .
’

Th e e v i de n c e to be d er iv ed fr om s ch o liai s th e r efor d ivid e d, but

may be th o u gh t to te ll r ath e r i n favour of th e p ass age .

INT ERNAL EVIDENCE I feel boun d to adm it th at th e for ce .

l e vid en c e h as be en gre atly ov er rated Th e follow i n g

o f th e i n te r n a .

ae Alfor d s sp e cifi cation s

r
’

a
( ) T h at J oh n n ow h ere e ls e m en ti on s th e Mt . o
f Oli ves .

Mc C le lla
n
( Ne w Tes tam en t, 7 24 ) a
n sw e r s th a
t e a
ch of th e S y n o p
ti s ts m e n t i on s Genn e s a
r et on ly on c e . T h e re i s no p r o o f, h ow e e r , v
th a
t th e y h ad du e o c c as ion fo n am i n g i t m ore fre que n tly w h er eas r ,

w e S h o ul d in ly h ave e x p e cte d to fin d th e Mt o f Olive s

c e r ta .

na m ed i n Joh n x or x v iii as Ma tth e w a

11 . n d Mak ea ch m e n ti on
.
,
r

i t 3 tim e s a n d Luk e 4 tim e s S till i t m a y be th ou h t l e s s

g .

u n l ik ely th a t J oh n s h oul d n a n th a
m e i t h e r e onl y th a t h e s h ou ld
n ev er n a m e it a t all .

( )
6 T h at,
w an ew p lace i t is h i s h abi t to gi v e
h en Joh n i n tr odu ces ,

ex la na ti on s M c C le l lan an s w e r s th a
t i n x viii 1 th e br ook K e dr on
p . .

i s in tr o du ce d w i th out e x pl a na ti on a n d th a t in a n
y c as e th e Mt ,
.

o f O liv e s w a s to o w e ll k n o w n to n ee d i t Mc Clella n s i n s ta
’
n ce i s .

n ot l ive Sin c e th e w in ter -to e n t K ed on

c on c u s ,
‘
rr r is it s e lf m ere ly
m e n ti on e d to e pl ai n th e S itua
ti on of th e ga
x r de n to w h i ch Jes us
 E v i dence f or and a
g ai n s t y oh n vi z .
53 —v ii i . II . I3 9

with d an d th e s e aof Ga
rew : lil ee ou gh t n ot to h av e n ee de d th e
‘

addi ti w h i ch i s th e s e ao f T i be r i a
’
on ( v i 1 ) o f th e w or d s . s .

( )
c T h a t
‘
w o e bo a
p p z w i th g i g i s n ot
fou n d e ls ew h er e i n J oh n .
’

T h is i s n ot th e fa 3 5 on ly 1 8 v er s es
‘
c t : i t i s s o fou n d i n V i i .
,

b e for e .

a Bu t i t i s ly
’

( )
d T h t b d
p pov i s n ot f oun d e ls e w h er e i n Joh n . on

fou n d on c e i n Luk e s
’
Gos pel , on c e i n Ac ts , a
nd n ow h er e el s e i n th e
N T . .
,
a
nd is aw or d w h i c h on e w ou l d n ot exp ect to fin d m or e th a
n

on c e in so S h ort ab ook .

( ) e T h at n apay tv ouar w i th g ig is n ot f oun d e ls e w h er e i n Joh n .

Im agin e on e
g a s egi
v ii d v n
e n ce a g a i n s t t h e g e n u i n e n e s s of a n

En gli sh p a ra ra
g p h t h e f ac t t h a t i t c o n t a i n e d th e c on s tr u c ti on c a m e

in to w h e re as i n th e r e s t of th e auth or s b ook n o e x am ple o cc urr e d

,
’ ’

ca m e i n to bu t o n ly o f c a me a ca m e to 1 Cf Ma
’
of ,
nd tt w h o . .
,

ha s th i s c o n s tr uc ti on o n ly o n c e a n d Lu k e w h o h a s i t n ot o n c e i n
, ,

h i s Go s p el a nd
y e t 3 ti m e s i n A c t s .

a s es k a o g e ls ew h er e i n ad
ifi a
'

(f ) J
’
T h t o h n u ere n t s en s e n d w ou l d
v e use d a
,

ha x l m g h er e B u t a s J o h n .o n ly u s e s A a o
, g i n t w o o th e r

pl ac e s i t i s n ot j us t to attr ibute to h i m al o n e am on g th e e van gelists

,

an e x cl us i v ely n a r r ow s en s e o f th e w or d An d i n th e s e c on d pla ce .

6xk og i n J oh n n e v e r m e a n s m o r e th a
‘
w h e r ea s h er e h e
’
n c r ow d ,

ma b e d e s cr i bi n t h e u n it e d im p ul s e o f a ll th p pl ath d
y g e e o e g e r e

to ge th er a t th e fe a s t o f ta be r n a cl e s La s tly 3 un cia l s an d 2 0 .
,

c ur s i v e s a c tu a l ly r ead bxxo g an d n ot h ai r w h ile 7 c ur s ive s om it

’

th e i
e n t r e s e n te n c e .

( g) Th at an as afi ag Edi bao ns v abr ozi g i s

'
s uc h ex
p r e s s i on K lo n ot

f oun d e ls ew h er e i n Joh n .
‘
True . But it i s foun d ( w ith ou t av r o bg)
’

on ly on c e an d M c Cle lla
i n Lu k e , n rea s on a bly a sk s s upp o s i n g th a t ,

Je s u s d i d on o c c a s i on s s i t d o w n a n d te a ch w h e th e r i t i s a n m or e
y ,

in c on si s ten t w ith S Joh n s s ty l e th an w ith S Luk e s or w ith

.
’
.
’

a n
y o th e r w r ite r s on ce to s a s o
y
’
L e t m e a d d t h a t D a n d 7 .
’

c ur s iv e s om i t th e c la use .

( )
h T h at ‘
i t i s n ot i n J o h n s ma nn er to r ela te th a t Jes us ta
’
ugh t

th em w i th ou t re la ti n g w h a t He ta But th er e i s a m a
’
, ugh t rk e d .

in stan c e of h i s doin g s o in th e pr e v ious ch apter V ii 14 Je s us ‘

,
.
,

w e n t u p i n to th e T e m pl e a n d ta
’
u ht
g , .

( )
i Th a ‘
t Joh n does n ot usu a lly con n ect w i th B e Bu t Mc Cle lla n .

ha s s h ow n fr o m o th e r p a r ts of J oh n th e c om pl e te fa llacy of th i s
a r u m en t a nd h a s b s e v d th at B é o c c ur s 2 04 tim e s i n th e Go s p e l
g o , r e

as again s t 0 5V 2 06 tim es .

( j ) T h at J o h n n ev er m en ti on s o i
y p p /uar s l g e ls ew h er e bu t us u a
a lly
'

ca lls th e Op p on en ts of Jes us 0 2 Io v 8ai o z or o i bipxm T e g It c er ta

’
in ly is ‘
/ .

r em a rk a ble th a t th e n a m e S cr i bes o c c ur s n ow h er e els e i n th i s

Go s p el Mc Clella. n w h o pa ra ph r as es i t by D o ctors of th e Law
,
‘
,
’
 1 40 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

a B h e qu e s ti on w a a i s a n s w er s e e m s a
3
s
y s u t t s on e o
f th e L w T h t .

fi r st fairly s ati sfactory but becom e s l e ss s o w h en w e obs e rv e

,

( )
i . t h a t t h er e w a s n o d i s p u t e a b o u t th e L a w a t a ll : th e q u e s ti o n

w a s n ot w h a t th e La w bu t w h a t Je s u s p r e s c r ibe d ; (ii ) th a
,
t in .

ca s e s w h e r e th e l e a
g l i ty o f th e a c t s o f J e s u s i s q u e s t i o n e d ( v 1 0 — 16 .
,

i x 13 —
. 1 6) th e S cr ibes a r e n o t m e n ti o n e d b
y J oh n w h o s p e a k s o f ,

th e J e w s a th e Ph a It i s tr ue th a t th r e e c u r s i v e s
‘ ’‘ ’
nd r is e e s .
,

w i th C op ti c a n d Ar m en i a n MS S rea d th e C Hl EF- PRIEST S a

.
,
n d th e

Ph a r i s e es an d w e c a n n o t p r ov e th a t th is w h i c h a d m ir a bly s uits
’
, ,

J oh n s u sa e w a n ot th e o ri in a l rea a r i ty for
’
g s , g d i n
g B u t t h e u t h o .

i t i s s l en d er a n d th e fa c t of i ts bei n th or ou h ly J oh a n ni n e w i l l
, g g
e x pl a in i ts in tr o du ction : th at ch ie f-pri e sts w as on th e oth er
‘
,

ha n d c or r u p te d i n to s cribe s i s th e l e s s lik ely be ca use in pa ssa es

, g
o f J oh n w h e r e th e —
c h i e f pr i e s ts a r e m en ti on e d
‘
s cr ibe s i s n e ve r
fou n d a s av a r i ou s r e a di n g .

a M a e c cz Z m r s g a v rov sa
’
ov a
’ ’
vr ) E
( )
’
I T h h
"

s t y w
g m p v o u rs m u c m/
or e

o
f t h e s n o ti c Gos els th a
y p p n o
f J o h n C l e ar ly b e c a u s e th e y c o n
.
’
,

ta i n m or e i n c i d e n t s w h i c h a d m i t of s u c h a n e x p r e s si on Th e .

u s e o f th e w o r d n s t
d w i s n ot a li e n to J o h n w h o d es c r ibe s J e s us ,

as n etpcrZ w v try in g Ph ilip w ith aque s tion (V i

’

, ,
.

“
( )
l T h a t th e v e r
y f a c t o
f t h ei r
q u e s ti on i n
g t h u s M ose s ,

com m a n de d bu t w h a t sa es t T h ou ? b e lon s to th e l a st
, y g
da a a
’
y s o
f th e L or d s m i n i s tr
y n d c n n o t w ,
e l l b e i n t r o d u ce d c h r on o

logi cally w h er e i t h e re s ta J oh n h o w e v e r cl oth e s th e figu r e

’
n ds .
, ,

of Je su s a t J er us a le m at th i s s tage of h i s c ar e e r w ith as m u ch
pu bli c im p or tan c e as th e S y n opti s ts do i n th e w e ek pr e viou s to h i s
dea th A n d w o ul d n ot th e s a
. m e obj e c tion a pply e qu ally to iii 1 3 —1 7 .
,

th e a c c ou n t o f th e c l e a n s in of th e T e m pl e
g
‘
( )m T h a t J o h n n ow h er e i n tr o d u ce s th es e q u e s t i o n s b e tw e e n

th e la M oses a
’
n d J es us ; b h e s yn o ti c Gos e ls f d
w o
f u t t p p o ten o .

T h e sa m e m i gh t be s a id of th e mi racle at Can a(0 ii ) an d th at of . .

th e n o bl e m a n s s on
(
’
0 i v ) m i ra . c l e s w h i ch
. d o n ot s e r v e a s th e

o cc a s i on for di s c ou r s es a r e qu ite fo r e i n to th e en er a l s cop e of th e

g g
Gosp el .

( ) n Th at
‘
n h rw
’
is on ly f
oun d h ere i n J oh n , Gosp . and Epp .
’

T r u e , bu t i t i s als o fou n d on c e , an d on c e on ly, i n Mark . An d it i s

on l
y foun d o n c e i n th e Ap o c aly p s e —w h ch , i f th e Apocaly ps e w as i
w r itt en by th e w i
r te r o f th e Gos p el , i s l k e w s e ap r oof of i ts b e n g i i i
on e o f h i s w or d s .

( ) 0 That
‘
K ar aKpi J w / als o is n ot
f oun d els ew h er e i n J oh n , w ho
u s es Kpi r w i n i ts s tr i ct s en s e f or it .
’
Equ a
lly tru e , but h er e in
aga
w e have ap a
ralle l i n Lu k e , w ho a
ls o u s es K aT aKp i v w i n tw o c ou se

c u ti v e v er s e s (x i . 3 1 , 3 2 ) but n ow h er e e sel .
 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr e w s .

or igi al
n re adin g w ,
hy w as
‘ —
Je s u s in se r te d an a
’
m e th a t w o ul d
na tu r a lly be avoide d abo v e a ll oth er s ? T re gelle s th in k s th at in
Matt x x vii 1 7 YM IN
. . w as a c c i d en ta
lly w ri tte n YM ININ a n d th a t
a n o th e r c opyi s t m i s to ok
’
th e s e c on d IN for IN i e Ino oz7 v Jesus ,
. .
, .
’

N ow ( 1 ) th e a r um e n t m i h t b r e tor te d on h i m t h a t th e
g g e

o ri in a l r ead i n
g w a s Y M I N IN th e n Y M IN I N a n d th a t fi n a lly th
g , , e

s e c on d IN w a s tr e a te d a s a n a c c i d e n ta l r ep e titi o n a n d l e ft o u t
;
( 2 ) t h e r e ad i n
g
‘
J es u s Ba ra bb a s fi r s t o c cur s i n V 1 6 w h e r e n o .
,

s u c h m i s ta ke a s T r e ge l le s s upp o s e s w a s po s s i bl e ;
( )3 s u re l a
y
c opyi s t w h o h a d rea d v 1 6 w ith o ut th e w or d Je s u s w o ul d n o t‘ ’
.

ha ve ch an ge d IN to TN in v 1 7 an d th e n al te r e d v 16 to s uit i t
. .
, ,

but w ou l d h a v e s e en at on c e th at th e tw o sup e rfl uous le tter s w er e

a n a c c i d e n ta l ae p eti ti on a n d w o ul d h a v e s tr u ck th e m o ut a ltoge th e r .

T h e r e i s e v er y r e a s on o n th e o th e r h a
‘
nd w h i f J e s u s Ba ra b
, y , ,

ba s be th e tr ue r e a di n g J e s u s s h o ul d h a
, v e bee n om itte d T h e .

—
p ie ty of e ar ly Ch ri s tia s ign or an t for th e m os t p art h o w c om m on
n

th a t na m e fo r m e rly w a s a m n h
o g t e Je w s — s upp o s e d i t i m p o s s ibl e

for am ur d e r er ar e vol te r a
‘ n d a r obbe r to h a ve ha d th e s a
’
, , me
c i r c u m ci s i on m a me a s th e S a viour : c om p ar e th e above -q uote d w or ds
o f O ri en n th e s e c on d pl a a ra a i i s el f be m i s ta
‘
g . I ce B bb
,
s m gh t t k e n

for ac i r cu m c i s m n m a m e by a n
y o n e i g n o r a n t o f A ra m a i c a n d th e n ,

J e s us w oul d be s tr uck out a s a s u pp os e d a c c i d e n ta l in s e r tion

‘ ’
.

In th e th ir d pl a ce Je s u s m i gh t be om itte d bec a
, us e a bs e n t from
o th e r e v a n eli s ts
g .

It i s tr u e th a t for am om e n t Ma tt x x v u 2 0 ( But th e c h i e f
‘
. .

pr i e s ts an d th e e l der s p er s u ad e d th e c row d s th at th ey s h ould ask

Ba ra bb a s bu t de s tr oy J e s u s s e em s to m ili ta te a a i n s t th e th e or y
g
th a t Ba ra bba s a ls o bore th e n am e Je s us Th at v e r s e h ow e v e r
’
.
, ,

i s n ot aq u ota ti on o f w or d s u s e d but m e r ely th e e v a n e li s t s a

’
cc ou n t
, g
to h i s r e a de r s .

N o te to o fr om V V 1 7 22 th a
,
.
,
t Pila,
te s a y s J e s u s w h ic h i s
ca lled Ch r is t al m os t as i f th e re w er e an oth er J es us fr o m w h om i t
,
’

w a s n e e dfu l to d i s tin gui s h h i m .

La s tly i f Ba r-A bbaw a s n ot n a m e d J e s u s w h y do Ma

’
,
rk L uk e
, , ,

a n d J oh n e x h ibi t s o s in gul a r a n un a n i mi ty i n w i th h ol din h i rea l

g s

c ir c u m c i s i on - na me But if th a ,
t na me w a s i d e n ti c a l w i th th at of
th e ir Ma s te r w e c a
,
n w el l u n d e r s ta nd w h
y th e y w i th h e l d i t .

O f c our s e th e n a me
‘
Je s u s m a y h a v
’
e be e n br ou h t i n from
g
th e Gos p e l a c cor din g to th e He br e w s s upp o s i n
g , i t to h av e be e n

fou n d th er e : but tw o o ut o f th e th r e e a llies of th at Gosp el n am ely

ve n o trace of i t—th e th ir d
,

C o de x Be z a e a n d th e O l d La tin h a , ,

C u r e ton s Syr ia c i s d e fi c i e n t i n th i s p a An yh ow i f th e s am e
’
,
rt .
,

ma n w r o te Fr 2 7 a . n d Ma tt x x v u 1 6 1 7 h e w oul d pr oba
. .
, , bly w rite
J e s us Ba ra bba s i n both pla ce s i f a ta ll .
 Pr obable or Poss i ble Fr a
g m e n ts .

H . PROBABLE OR POSS IBLE FRAGMENT S OF T HE GO S PEL ACCO RDING

T o T HE HEBREWS .

I h ave h er e l
In c uvan gelic qu otation s in e arly
de d al l s uc h e

w rite s as s e em to m e
r re fe r abl e w it h
m or e o r l e s s p roba bility to o u r

los t Gos pe l T h e n u m ber o f p os si ble q uotation s m i gh t h av e be en

.

e n la r ed a l m o s t i n de fi ni te ly ( s ee p b ut I h a v e e cl u d e d a l l x
g .

th o s e for w h ich n o be tte p r es u m p tion c a n be u r e d th a

r
g n a S l i gh t
div e ge n c e fr om th e c a
r n on i c a
l tex t I m u s t h ow e v e r e plain w h y
.
, ,
x

I h av e in s er te d all th e e van gelic qu o tation s but on e i n th e s o

ca ll e d S e c o n d Epi s tl e of C le m e n t o f R om e — aw or k datin g about
—
13 0 60 A D . .

Th e q
o ne a ti on w h i c h I h a
u ot v e n ot a d m i tt e d i s av e ry p e c uli a r

on e w i th
,
n o ca n on i c al affi n itie s w h ate ve r an d Cle m en t of Al e x ,

a n dri a w h o q u ote s i t fo ur ti m e s s a
,
y s th at it i s fou n d i n th e Gosp e l
,

accor d i ng to th e Egyp ti an s O n th e s tre n gth o f th i s Hilge n fe l d h as

.

pitch fork e d in to h i s e dition of th e s upp ose d fragm e n ts o f th at

Go s p el a ll th e r e m a ini n g e van gelic quotation s in th e S e c on d Epis tle
o f C le m e n t o f R o m e e n ti re ly r e ga r d le s s of th e s e tw o fa
, c ts :
( 1 ) th at
ea ch o n e o f th os e qu ota ti on s h a s a ca n on i c a l p ar allel ( 2) th at th is ,

i s n o t th e c a s e w ith a fr a m e n t o f th e Gos p e l a d i
n
y g c c o r n
g o th e
t
Egy pti a ns .

Bu t i f a ll th e r e s t o f th e e va n e lic q u o ta t i i t h e S e c on d
, g on s n

C le m e n tin e Epi s tl e c or re sp on d to p a s s a e s i n th e c a
g n o n i c a l G os p e l s ,

w h h a v e I gi v e n th e m h e r e ? I h av e be e n l e d to d o s o b th
y y e

ph aen om en aw h i ch th e q uotation n u m bere d Fr 4 3 pr e s en ts It i s . .

m os t c er ta inly n ot tak e n from an y of o ur Gos pels at _th e s am e tim e

it pa r tly a n s w e r s to p a s s a e s i n Ma
g tt h ew a n d Luk e a n d h a s c e r t a i n ,

lik e n e s s e s to e a ch an d las tly th e c or r e s p on de n c e i s v e ry fa r n ea rer

to Ma tth e w th a n to Luk e be c a u s e th e tw o p a s s a e s w h i ch b o th
, g
e va n el i s ts h a v e i n c om m on w i th i t a re co i M a i
‘

g m b n ed b
y tt h e w n to

th e s a m e d i s cou r s e o f J e s u s w h i le Lu k e s ep a ra te s th e m i n to diffe r e n t
d i s c ou r s e s In oth er w or ds w e fin d i n th i s q u ota
.
, tio n th e th r e e
s tr ik in g fe a tu re s o f t h e Gos p e l a c c or di n t t h H b l
g o e e r e w s
( ) os e
1 c ,

affin ity w ith Matth e w ( 2 ) l e s s cl os e but s till m a

, rk e d a ffi n i ty w i th
Luk e ( 3 ) d e ci d e d i n d e p en de n c e of both
,
.

T w o oth e r O f th e s e q u o ta ti o n s e x h ibit u n qu e s ti on a bl e i n d e
p e n d e n ce of o ur c a n on i c a l G o s el s
p
— F r 41 a n d Fr 5 7 th e l a
. tte r o f .
,

w h i ch i s a l s o foun d i n Ir en ae us w h o r e gar de d th e Gosp el ac c or din g

,

to th e Hebr e w s a s Ma tth e w s bu t di d n ot a c c ep t a n d c on s e q u e n tly

’
, ,

w oul d n o t qu ote a n o th e r Gosp e l ou ts i d e o f o u r fo ur — th ou h h e

y ,
g
ma y h a v e q u o te d fr o m tr a di ti o n I h a v e th. e r e fo r f e l t f u lly j u s tifi ed

i n pl a ci n t h e r e s t o f th e qu o ta ti n s o f th i s a u th or a m ong th e p os
g o

s i ble Fra m e n ts but th e y m a q u a lly ll b m l l

g , y e w e e o r e o r e s s oo s e
 1 44 T h e Gosp el a ccor di n
g to th e H ebr ew s .

q uotation s fr om m em ory of o ur p res en t Gosp el s . It i s c u r ou s i th at

e v er
y a p a rall e l i n Ma
on e hat
sth e w ( al th o u gh s o m e t i m e s th e l i ke
n es s to Luk e i s r ea a n d th a a a e ti m e h e s p e a
g te r
) t t th e s m k s O f th e
na tion s a ‘
h ea r in r o m y o ur m o u th th e O ra l '
s
g f c e s ( r d A o y t a of
)
Go d w h i ch n a m e th e O ra cl e s r tc A dy ta i s th a i v ap i a
’
, ( ) t g e n by P s

to th e Ar a ma i c Gos p el of Matth e w an d th at h e gives an e van gel ic ,

qu otati on as a s am ple o f th e m I do n ot pr es s th is but th in k i t .

,

w o r th i i g m en t on n .

I m u t m i d th ad th at th au th s re n e re er e or of th e E pis tl e quote s
d a
w or i g t p at f F 16 i af m
s n s w er n o r o r . n or a
n e r er to th e m th an is

p t d by a y th
re s en e au th ity n o er or .

I h av e re ad s om e p at r of Mr C otte ri ll s P er egri n us P r oteus i n

.
’

w h i ch h e tr i
a c on s i de r abl e n um be r of Gre ek w r i t
es to sh ow th at
i n gs s e cu l ar an d s ac r e d th e latter in clu din g th e tw o Epi s tle s
, ,

be a r in th e nam e o f C le m e n t w e r e th e w ork o f am e di a v a
l fo r ge r
g e , ,

or tw o or m ore for ge r s i n c o n c e r t, w ho w ent on th e plan of u s n i g

w o r ds a
nd ph as e s pi ck e d
r out of ge nu ne w ri iti n
g but us n
s
g th e m i
in quite i
d ffe re n t s u r r ou n d n gs i —a plan w hi ch , be cau s e He n r i
Es t i
pr ofe s se dly en gage d in i t as an am u s em e n t i s s uppos e d to
en n e ,

ha v e been e m ploye d ( p obably by h i m ) to for ge th e w i tin gs in r r

qu es tion sim ply for h i s ow n am u s e m en t an d fo th e s ak e of fe elin g , r

h i s ow n lite a ry p o w er a n d fr o m h i s l ov e of th a
r t k i n d of o fte n i n
,

n o c en t d e c e i t w h i ch 85 0 & c Th a t am a n s h ou l d n ot only for e

’
.
g .

w ha obj e c t) u t for th e s a o f i n d u l in
( f om
r t e ve b k re
g g aw h im , ,

w h i c h h e m i gh t a s ea s il
y i d u l ge w i th o u t fo i
g g n s h o u l d w i l full n r
y ,

g i v e on e ve y pa g e a n d in a l m os t e v e
r
y p a ag p a h c l u e s w h i ch r r r

w o ul d l e ad to h i s o w n e p os ur e a n d to h i s e v e l a s ti n i n fa m xy r
g Is ,

ha r d to beli e v e Th a t ha vi n g for ge d th r e e M S S of alos t w ite r

.
,
. r

T a3 9 m q i p 1 u dnoboy r a b e 7 017 ar buar os 7 aA67 !“7 7

01 (9 6 0 17, a s k uA d It al
a
.
,

a / r a7 a 1 31 1 o z m { a
'
a a rre ur a Ka a b g 3
’ ’

uye d A O v d
u g et é r n fl x
'
p y 7 1 6
1 51,
n y 3 5m 7 6
6 1! S ud
[m
'

r w u 33V A y n
é '
o e v ,
é
’
x/ Oe v e i s B Aa aq m u faV r
p é n ou r a t,
A é '
y o w r e s Gi t/ a t ” 693V r w a Ka i
w h i z 77V
/
’ '
O r ax 7 m
/ 5
. dx
t
o bo w aw n ap n
’
u d e 3 7 1 A é ye t 6 (d ebs O b Xdpts Qui z! 6 3 dy a
' ‘
m ir e
’

‘
b dy am bur as fi nds , dAN z xdpts Q ui z! 2 dy arrdr e i é x dpoi/ s al b uto o zi v r a
’ ’
‘
ro s 6 r o ls K ro s s

fi
nds
’
—afi a3 7 r 7 m!
’
c mo taev aw ,
Oav ud o v a
g w 7 91V bn epBoAhV r iis 31 7 11 937 117 0 3 BE
YBw aw 31 1 o b pa
'
i av m a fiu r as ai m d yarréi
l/ne /
z dAA 3 ‘
b
T O IJS
7 : o 8
‘
t r o bs d'
ym réi
o v ra
'
s, K ara
f ' ’

ea ti i
”
y d o w inu éBV x al BAaap
c nnei r a z r b O v ona For th e n a on s h e a r ng fro m our ,

t
m ou h th e Or a
cl e s at th em for th ei r b e
of a
Godn d gr a n d e ur ; t h e n
, w on der ut y
a ,

ha v i ng l ea
r n t our w ork s t h at th ey ar e not w or th y of th e w ord s w h ich w e s ay
, ,

th ey tur n th em s el v es from t h i s to r ev i l i ng s ay i ng th at it i s s om e m y t h and ,

w i ll o f th e w i sp For w h en t h ey h e a
r fr om us t h a t God s aith It i s n o th ank
“
.

to y ou i f y e l ov e t h em th at lov e y ou but it i s th ank to y ou i f y e lov e en em i es an d

th em th at h at e y ou —w h en t h ey h ear th es e th i ngs t h ey w on der at th e ov er
,

abound i ng goodne ss : but w h e n t h ey s ee th a t not on ly do w e not l ov e th e m t h at

ha te us but n ot ev en th em th at lov e us th ey laugh us dow n and th e Nam e i s
, ,

r ev il ed .
’
—x iii .
 1 46 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

35 . Matt . v . 17 . I am n ot c om e t o ta
ke aw ay from th e law of
M os es ,
n or to add to th e la
w o f Mo s e s a
m I c om e .

th at th ey s h oul d appor ti on un o t me of th e p roper y of our fa t

m ly He i .
’
[ th e

Pclos f a] f’
ai d to th em
s App or tio n it i h er
(to He [ Ra bban Ga
’
m l el ,
br ot h er ] s a i d to h i m : We h av e it w r itt en (v ar lec t in th e Law ) Where th ere i s . .
,

as on adaugh ter does n ot i n h er i t He ans w ered h i m Fr om th e da y th a t y e w er e

’
.

r e m ov e d fr om y o ur l a n d th e L a w of Mos es w a s ta k en a wa y a nd a n o t h er L a w

gi v en a n d i n it it i s w r itt e n Th e s on a n d th e d a ugh ter s h a ll i nh er i t a N ex t

’
, ,
li k e .

da y h e [ R a b b a n G am l i e l ] i n h i s t u r
’
n b r ou ,gh t h i m a L y bi a n a ss , He [ th e .

Pi loséfa ] sa i d t o t h em : I h a v e l ook e d fur t h er on i n th e book a n d it i s w ritt e n i n

it I am not com e to tak e aw ay f rom th e Law of Moses n or to add to th e Law of

, ,

M oses a m I com e ; a n d i n it e La w of M os e s ] i t i s w r itt en w h er e th ere i s ason

[ t h , ,

adaugh ter s h a l l n o t i n h er i t Sh e [ Im m aSh a l om ] s a

.
’
i d to h im [poi n tedly ] Let
th y l i gh t s h i ne l i k e th e l a Ra bba n Ga m l i el s a i d to h er : T h e ass h as com e ’
mp
and tr odden out t h e l a mp [ i e th e s econd br i be count er act e d th e effect O f th e rs t]
. . fi .

For i l fa p h i l os oph er Mr Low e w oul d h ow ev e r re a

P o s e d afor m of e pi s copos
.
’
,

bi s h op w h i ch th e r e a d i ng o f th e M un i ch M S s ugge s t s to h i m a ‘
an ot h e r
’
,
n d for .
,

La h e r ea d s w ith th e Ox fo rd M S th e l a w of th e Ev a n gel i um
’
w ,
. .

T h e Ra bba n Ga m h el of th e a bov e s t ory w a s th e gra n ds on of th e Ga m h el a

’
t
w h os e fe e t Pa ul s a t a nd b e ca m e Pr e s i de n t of th e S a nh e dri n Hi s s i s t e r s h us ’
.
,

ba n d Ra bb i Eli ez er w a s on e of th e m os t fa m ous R a bbi s of th e da y but i n th e ,

Ta l m ud h e i s s a i d to h av e b ee n ch arged befor e th e Rom an gov ern or w ith Ch ri s ti an

l ea n i ngs a nd i s a l s o sa i d to h av e uote d w ith ap prov al aCh r i s ti an i nt erpre tati on q
j
,

of D eut x x iii 1 8 A n d s o Mr L ow e pl a us i bl y s ugges t s t h a t h i s w i fe s ob e ct i n ’

. . . .

br i bi n g t h e Ch ri s ti a n of th e s t ory w a s to coun t era c t h er h us ba n d s fr i e n dl i n e s s to

’

C h r i s ti a ns He a l s o p oi n t s out th a t Paul i n 1 Cor Vi di rect s Cor i nth i an Ch r i s

j
.
.
, .
,

ti an s to s ettl e l egal di s put es befor e udges ch os en from th ei r o w n body Int ernal .

e v i de n c e th e re for i s i n fa v our of th e t r ut h of th e s t o ry An d it i s i m pos s i bl e

‘ ’
.
, , ,

sa s M r L t h a t th e w h ol e Sh oul d b e p ur e i n v e n ti on — a n d th e c ita ti ons gi v en

y o. w e ,

from s uch a n i m p e rfe ct k n ow l e dge of th e Gos p el s a n d Ep i s t l e s a s m a be s u

y p ,

e d to h a b n p oss e s s ed by th e com p i l ers of th e T a l m u d B a b l i i n th e i v th a nd

p os v e e e

v th cen t ur i e s — for R a b w h o (a s w e h op e to pr ov e on s om e oth er o cca

, s i on ) w a s th e

v eh i cl e of s uch t ra diti on s m us t h a v e br ough t th e s t ory ba ck w ith h i m fr om Pa le s

ti n e to Baby l oni a And th ere it m us t h av e been em bodi ed i n th e Babl i (a
,

.
p rop os
o f th e us e of th e w o d i a n d th e t r e a t m en t of book s w h i ch i n th e e s ti m a ti
r
w n , on

Of s om e J ew s w er e s e m i - sa cre d ) w it h th e s a m e good fa ith w ith w h i ch h undreds of

o t h e r s t or i es br ough t by h i m w er e i ns erted
,
T h us i t i s but rea
, s ona bl e to con.

s i der th i s a s at r a di ti o n con ce rni ng Ra bba n Ga m l i el pa rti al ly corrupt ed p er h a

’

ps ,

th r ough proce s s of tran s m i ssi on but s ti ll auth enti c i n i ts m ai n poi n t s ’

fi
, .

It s e e m s to m e uite p os s i bl e th a q t th e rs t of th e tw o uotati on s m ay be only q

adi s tor te d appl i cati on of Ga l iii 2 8 T h e r e i s n ot m a
. l e or fe m a
. l e : for a
, ll y e a re

o ne [ m a n
] i n Ch ri s t J e s us F o r Ga m l i e l s ow n uota
.
’
ti on from th e Old T e s ta
’ ’
q
m ent i s n o t rue uot a q
ti on but only an i nference from Num x x v i i 8 If am an
, . .
,

di e a nd h a v e n o s on t h en sh a ll y e p a s s ov er h i s i nh er ita n ce to h i s da ugh t er
’
, , Or .

w e ma y c al l t o m i n d th a t p a s s a g e i n th e S e con d Cl em e n ti n e E i s t l e x i i 2
p ( ) F or th e .

Lor d h i m s el f h a v i ng b e en a
,
sk ed by s o m e o n e w h e n h i s k i n dom s h ould com e
g ,

sa i d Wh en th e tw o sh all be on e an d th e outs i de as th e i n s ide and th e m ale

“
, ,

w it h th e fe m a le n e it h er m a l e n o r f e m a l e — ap a ssa ge w h i ch C l em e n t of Al ex
andri a ( S tr om iii 9 9 3 ) as s erts to h av e be en i n th e Gosp el accor di ng to th e
. .
,

Egyp ti a ns But th e r efe rence to Ga

.
la ti ans is m or e nat ur al and w e h av e no ,
 P r obable or Poss i ble Fr a
g m en ts .

ev id en c e of th e it
ex s e nc e O f th e Gos p el accordi ng to th e Egy pti an s b efor e th e ti m e

w h e n th e S e cond C lem e n ti
Ep s l e ne it w as w itt
r e n —p e rh a
p s 6 0 p erh ap s , 9 0 y ears

laer h a
nt t w haw t e sh a i i t d at f th i i i d t
ll p re s e n ly s e e i s th e l k el t es e or s nc en

tat m t th at u fi t qu ta
.

If h ,
m i gh t ta
ow ev e r , w e k a l it a l ly t u th e s er r e e s e en o r rs o

ti on w af u d i s th l a f th
o n n E a g l i um e w o a th la it e ld v n e or ev e n no er w w ou

b im p
e ibl t l k f i t u i Gal iii 2 8 N Ch i ti a a u dly
os s e o oo or s so rce n . . . o r s n, ss re no

J ew si h Ch i ti a uld b l ik ly t p ak f a pi tl f Paul a up di g
r s n, w o e e o s e o n e s e o s s er s e n

th l a e fMw o A d th os e s . tat m t th at th n e d qu ta s ti a fu th
e en e s e con o on w s
‘
r er o n

i th b k i a
n e l
oo a g a i t tsh so p d f
ns t h f m it h G
e cor re sa l iii 2 8 on e n ce o e or er w . . .

A t th s o d qu ta ti
e s e con it i q it l o ugh t Matt
on , 17 Th ks t u e c os e e n o o . V . i n no

th at I am m t d t y th la th p ph t I am t m t d t y
co e o e s ro e w or e rO e s : no co e o e s ro

but t ful fil W k ai p t a yi g
’
o . h e ly th n ow G p l ow v fJ u
r ous hy e os e s re or s n s o es s : w

s h ul do th i k th at th al t aditi f -Ch i tia J

w e n e or ld p
r a on o n on r s n ew s w ou r es e r v e

C h i ti a a
r s i
y g m
n s a tlny t h a t h a l
or e e x t a d iti c f C h ti a J np d e or r on o ri s n ew s r es er v e

th e a y is g f J n u s m o p es i al l y s h -i t h
or e f m a es t h iect a l w en n e or er c se e n erv

b f e or e co mmi i t iti g a a fa a k
s s on o wr n mu h l g w s, s r s w e n ow , c on er .

L tu e i d th ti m ad pla t h i h th i i d t h ul d b
s n ow con s er e e n ce o w c e nc en s o e re

f er r ed It m u t h a h a
.
pp s d a ft t h
ve d t u ti e ne f J u a l m i 70er e es r c on o er s e n A D . .
, or

at l at aft V pai a di t f by a l l th l a d of th J
’
e s er es 72 s h
n s e c o A D . . , w er e e n s e ew s w er e

p ut u p f a l Aor d its m u e.t h a h a n

p p d b f 1 2
s 3 h Ra bb ave en e e or e A D . .
, w en n

Ga m h l di d 82 t h i d a th Gam l i l a P i d t f th S a ’
But f m
’
e e . ro A D . . o s e e w s r es en o e n

h d i
e ad i t
r n, mn y u l i k
s ee ly t h at h
s v er u l d m pr m i
n th edi g ity f t h a t e w o co o se e n O

p os t b y a t i g a t h c t n y p s t W
e s or m u t th f
re l k f a d
res e n s a t b t . e s er e or oo or e e w e en

A D . 70 ad 82
. N n th fa th f Im m aad Gam l i l di d i
. ow e er O 7 O a d it i n
’
e e n A D . .
,
n s

re a a bl t
s on up p e th at th pati ula p t t ith h i h th y
o s os e e t t th r c r re ex w w c e w en o e

Ch i ti a a gg t d by th i fa th d ath S th at a h adly b
’
r s n w s su es e e r g er s e . O w e c n r e w ron

i n da ti g th i id t ab utn e nc 7 1— 3en Th o a a l m t u d ubt dly

A D . . . e s cen e w s os n o e

Ja m ia n h it h th w Sa h d i er ha d g e b f n th e i g f J u al m a d
r n on e e or e e s e e o er s e n

j u t aft h i fath d ath

, ,

h ith Ga m li l a t ha g
’
i k
’
w er l e so s n ow n o ve on e s er s er s e .

A d n l tu n ow i d h th th Ch i ti a i l i k ly t h a b aJ
e s con s er w e er e r s n s e o ve e en ew

or aG til en Th e a i d d aG ti l
. ere w ttl m t at J am i a but Im m aa d
s n ee en e se e en n ,
n

Ga m l i l a fa m l i k ly t h a h aJ i h th a aG ti l Ch i ti a f
’
e re r ore e o ve c os e n ew s n en e r s n or

a n p ex i m t
er f t h i keni d Ao d it i t s b t
n d t h.a t th Ch i ti
n a m t s o e no e e r s n s ee s o

h a h l d th a
ve t th J W b u d by th i la l g a it a p h y i ally
e e ew s er e o n e r w so on s w s s c

p os si b l f t he m t or a y u t e i t p t
o c rr
p i fu l l — o hi h a atly th Juda s re ce s n w c w s ex c e eo

Ch i ti a a ttitud Latly i f h a i d d a bi h p it i fa m l ik ly th at ’
r s n e . s , e w s n ee s o , s r or e e

aJ ew uld b w o h a bi h p a e c m g ap pul a
os en s ti hi hs a aft all m ai ly
o on o on w c w s er n

J ew ih s .

If Ga mh l
s o, uld a tu ally qu t t h im th Rabbi i al i f
’
e w o n r f m Num o e o e n c n er e nc e ro .

xx v ii 8 i . A a ,
ma i ad h
n r ul d a c, atu a nl ly q u t i ea w oaA a ma i s n r o e n ns w e r n r c

G p l if th
os e a t hi p u p
er e w s one Of u o d s t k t h at th G p l
r ose . co rs e w e o no now e os e

a di g t th H b
ccor n o a th e e itt but f i th m ai th
re w s w s k f a
en wr en , i n e n e w or o n

Ap tl it p ba
os e b ly a ; ad i f Luk al b it
ro w s iti g p h ap a m a y a t
n , e, e w r n er s s n s en

y a
e l a t
rs k m
er , a y G n ew
p l t h i n a h
osy m f t
e s, h G p l er e s no r e s on w so e o os e os e s

a d am g th m th G p l a di g t th H b
n on e e os e h ul d t ha b
ccor i n o e e r ew s s o no ve ee n n

i ulati at Jam iab f r

c rc on 70 n e o e A D . . .

If apl a i th Ma
ce tth aa t t b f Matt 1 7 had t b f u d f th
n e e n ex e ore v o e o n or e

fi t qu tati
. .

rs o m i gh t on , w e t it ith Ma tt 3 1 0 th i i th k i gd m
conn e c w . v . or , e rs s e n o

f th h a b tt i th Matt 5 th y h all i h it th ath ’

o e e v en s or e er w . v .
,
e s n er e e r .

Th i gi al f th t qu t ati
e or n s o a ll m p un; 311 3 1 NW
e wo o
: 7 : a d on s re ’ p n

ur ns nv m a s 51: s mut s n ur ns a
‘ wm s u n " - u in nns m p R5
‘ n

L 2
 1 48 Th e Gosp el accor di ng to th e H ebr ew s .

*
36 . tt
Ma . v . ne r a It i s bl e s s e d r ath er to g iv e th an to r e ce iv e.
th e e nd .

1 7
3 . tt
Ma . v . 46 .
[ T h e re i s
]
to y o u if y e o e th em n ot th a
nk l v
Luk e V 3 2, 3 5 th a
t o e y o u ; but [ th e r e i s ] th a
l v n to y ou i f y e k
lo e en em e s a
v n d th e m th a t ha te y ou i .

13 8 . Matt . vi . 24 .
No s er van t can s er ve tw o ma
s te r s s er ve
Luk e X “ 13 °

both God a
nd ma
m on .

§ 39 ,
tt
Ma . v i 33, ,
g a t th i n s a
As kg n d l i ttl e th i n s s h a
g re ll b e

adde d to y ou a nd a sk h ea ve n ly th i ngs an d e arthl y ,

ll be adde d to y ou
th in gs sh a .

Ac t 3 5_ u ebe w re 7 63V Aby w u fi Kv pfov Ir) a oii, 3 7

’
azrrbs
’
l
a
s, xx u
‘ y n ov ro ; e rre v

a
.

‘Mami p té u ea
-
rw n k ao u 8 16mm: t) Aa x/ ew
,
’
w ord s of th e
‘
and to r e m em b er th e

t t i t
Lord J e s us , h a h e s ad It i s bl e s s e d r ah er to g v e h ai t i
n to r e c e v e
”
Th e .

gr oun ds for ht i i t tt i
nk ng h a h s m a y w ell h a v e be e n foun d i n our Go sp el a re ( 1 ) h a t t
it occur s i n aw ork w r en by Luk e ( 2 ) h a
itt t
t Pa ul w as a t ti
l m os cer anl y fa m l a rii
w i th at a diti o ( r F 2 9 ) f u d i th i G p ln s ee r . o n n s os e .

C m pa a Cl m t f R m ii 1 m gl adly gi i g th a i i g ‘ ’
o l re so e en o o e, .
, or e v n n rece v n

c7i v em i i) A a
u Ba )
t/ r e s T h da t f C l m t p i t l i p b abl y 9 3
i
7 / ow
x es . e e o e en
’
s e s e s ro - A D . .

S d E i t l f C l m t iii 4 — A a 6 O b b d { i 2 d a i
’ ’ ’

1 O m
'
econ 7 s x p w
e o y e en x e e s ts ll 6 re
p , .

b dy a as du ds a
t ot'ya al r obs maoiix/ r a
’
t d n dr e b é xdpoizs
'

ro s rc J/ r x pts ro s It s

duds
’
God s aith & c ’

fi t
.
,

i
B sh op L gh foo a i t tt
k e s th e r s p a r a s al oos e uo a on from Luk e v i 3 2 , t '
q t ti .

If y e l ov e h em h a t t
t l ov e y ou , w h a m a nn e r of h a nk i s h er e to y o u ? ( El dy a
’
t t t
robs dy a
n dr e “ m bur as du ds , r o ta dul y x dpts é O T tV ;) a
’

n d th e l a er
pa r as al oos e ’

tt t
q tati
uo on from Luk e Vi . 3 5, But l ov e y our enem e s i and y our r e w a
rd

a dy a al { o r al 6 mo dbs bua
’
r obs e xe obs
’ ’

sh ll be m uch ( 11 7011: m ir e p It bu
w on s t
) He m gh i t ala re m i n i s ce nce of Luk e V i 2 8
so have L o v sugge s ed
e y our t
t h ate y ou (r oi s mac a
.
.
,

e n e m i es do goo em t h a d t th
’
, o w buds ) .

But com p a re a l s o Ma tt V 4 6 For i f y e sh ould l ov e th em th at lov e y ou w h at

‘
. .
, , ,

r ew a rd h a a nfi r e r oil s a ryar éi ur as fi r lua uta

’
ve ye ( d q ui p d y o n !
n ds flb u gx er e
‘

l ov e y our e nem i es ( tw e en r obs é xepobs th a

,

and 4 4 n) to w h i ch
‘
s om e 2 nd ,

c ent auth or iti es t h ough doubtl ess from Luk e a dd do good to t h e m t h a t ha

‘
.
, te ,

v ol s ma oii a
’
( w fluids
)
'
y ou
—
.

1 S e co n d E p i s t l e O f C l e m e n t V i 1 A é y e: fit 6 Kb p w s O bB els o in er ns Obi a rm ,
’
.
'
’
/

Ov a Ec w i wei s Gé k wuev it a nw v é , da
‘
l x v ptm s fiov k e be w l (9 6 43 Oov Ae be w it al ua
’ ’ ’

bmpopov
’

-
tow lv , A n d th e L ord s a h “
t
N o s erv an ca t
n s erv e tw o m a s e rs
”
If w e w s h it i
it i u p fi tabl t u
.

b th G d a d m a
’
to s erv e m o o n on , s n ro e o s .

E p t f th
x ce d b t h t h q u ta
orti ag V batim ith Luk e w or o e o on s re e er w e xv i . 13 .

Matt i 2 4 N m a i u d bt dly th i gh t a di g
’
In v o n s n ou e e r re n

2 — El t y a a
. . .

O ig D 0 a p 6 I ) aii i na dn a ab ii
’ ’

t r en , i e r .
,
i e r o s r os r s ro 7

ar e dfi
aer a
‘
d a Kal d T t, x al alr e i r e r d a a ty e ta
’
i
{ l
’ ’

ne y
'
ok z
p px IM V u
p o r '
e rrov
pdm n r ct en

u oa
p r e efi
ae ra
'
t tui u,
’
F or J es us s ad to h i s d s c ple s & c
’
i i i .

Els ew h er e ( Agai ns t Celsus , v ii ) h e h us al lude s to th e for m er p a r o f th e s a y . t t

i ng He [ i e th e Ch r s a n
] s en ds up h i s
. .
p ra
y e r to God n ot a bou com m on i ti t
t i
h ngs for h e h a s l ear n fr om J e sus to s e ek for n o h n
g l l e ( h a i s , s en t
s u ous ) t i itt t t ,

but onl y r ea h ings a nd tt

r uly di v i n e
’
oi) r e l
p { 6
3 V fi v
x bm t
wv 7 9 7V
'
I 50 T / ze Gosp el accor di ng to t/ze H eor e zos .

*
42 Matt i x 1 3
. . . .
I c a
me n ot
[ or, a
m n ot c om e
] to c ll j us t bu t
a
Mark 11 1 7 . . .

i
s n n ers .

Luk e v . 32 .

14 3 .
( )
l j
: Y e
‘
sh a
ll be m bk i n s
as § l a i n m ds t i of
Luk e x ii
'

x. 3, . 4 .

w o lv e s .
’

( )
2 A an s w er e d h i m
n d Pe te r an d sa ith If
th e n th e w ol v es r e n d th e l a m bk in s as u n de r

( )
3 J e s u s s ai d to P e te r L e t n ot th e l a ni bk i n s

after th e y a r e de a d fe ar th e w olv e s HAn d d o y e

’
.

and th i s is w h a i s m ean t t
by J oh n x iii .23 , th e p rop er r e n der n g of w h ch i s i i
‘
T h ere w as ly i ng i n th e bos om of J esus o n e o f h i s d s c p l es , w h om J esus l ov ed
’
i i
j t
.

V i i t
d i n th e l gh of Luk e s v er s on on e w ould c on ec ur e h a th e w or ds If
ew e
’
i t t ‘

y e ha v e b e en gah er ed w h m e i n m y b osom m a y t
m ea n If y e h a v e e a e n and it t
dr un k i n fron of m e
’
t
It i s us w or h r e m a rk n g h a th e w or d w h ch I h a
. ve j t t i t t i
r e nd er e d g ah e r e d
’
i s o n e a l s o ap pl t
e d to d r aw ng c l os e at ad n n e r - a b l e , for an i i i t
i tans n ce o f w h i ch th e re a
d er ma
y tu rn to Fr 5 2 . .

fl Foun d 3 ti m es i n Luk e, t i w ce i n J oh n , n ev er in Ma
rk or Matth ew . See
r ti cul a
a 2 2— h er e L a
za ha
ru s i s i n A br a
’
r ly Luk e xvi 3 w m s b os om
p
.
.
,

i tl f Cl m t ii 4 —Ka
'
l é r pade 7 pa
’ ’
3 571 9 <pi7
’
S e cond Ep s A y
e o O e en 'e
e ez 7 1 tIIc 0 1}

a i m a
.
,

If a
'
Ae aaI Sm aiov s , pa p k n A d a t h S i p t u a l a ith t h at & '
rw o s,
’ ‘
n no er cr re so s c .
’

Th a g m
e t i r ee ba ti m i t h M
en a k b ut i M att
s v erh F i a d d d a d L u kw r , n ew or
’
s e , n e
'
( h w p t o t fi k e b
r e s en s n o u t é m yk e a ) a d d t p t a ou v s o re en n ce
’

a
.

‘ i t t — é u a
’ '
1 S d E l f C l m Z A 6 K ( 1 ) d i '
“
e con y y s e o e en V et
p p p , . tos oos

é p e y Au
v ( )
on 2 A p tl l a
xw v s 6 H é p
’
a pA y E
’
3 Baa a
7r0 I
c
pd g a I e sf '
r os
’
zr r c
‘ ’
e et
’ ‘
cw 0 V t
‘’
n w w o

adp faf ( 3 ) El 6 I ) a ii 63 Il p p Mb p B f B a a p ia i
.

' ‘ ’ ' ’
Mm
' ' ' '
or 7 v n ev 7 o s 7 e fr c ( o e O wO V 7 ct V f o ls

Mm
'
p a a 6 d
ov s fl a i a r ai K7 a l {4 2 p B
no i a e a b a ue y
’

a d d
’
ir ra l 16 s
‘
( o e
‘
e T s n ox '
'
r e w ow r s u s Ic

a a
.

a a AA& p B -
a a
’ ’ ' ‘
d é { l S é i ( 4 ) A J O 6 6 d i d d ‘
L uo v s u ue u u
n n u u / J y uv .
p n te . ( o e o e 7 V e 7 no s

ov aiau i l/ v xfi
s Ica ap ar os Ba Fe ew a
fi
é xozflr a é fi For th e Lord
l
’ ’ ’ ‘
7 08 AeTV ds ,
’ ‘ '
o e Is u
v
aith & c
’
s .

1 F oun d i n J oh n xx i . 15 an d 29 ti m es i n th e Ap oca
ly p s e (alw a
ys r e n der ed

lamb but n ow h er e el s e i n th e N T .

Matt ‘
t as i t ’
x 1 6, Beh ol d I s en d y ou for h s h ee
p i n m ds of w ol v e s
( 160 i;
a
. .

dWO O T GAAw { w s di s r d a
‘
’
r ae V y e o cp Ar /raw
)
’ ’ ‘ i
. Luk e x . 3 th e s a
me ex cep t th at for
s h eep w e h a
‘
lam b s ( rpm )
’
ve .

Matt . x . a t t h em t h a
28, (3 ) t k ill th e body but can not k i ll th e
A n d fea
r n ot

s oul ( )
4 B u t f ear ra t h e r h i m w h o ca n d es t roy both s oul a n d body i n G eh e nn a

Oe a
.

w l) 7 63V dn ox r e v v du r w u 7 b a
'
Ka l p) ; (poBeTa ' éBua T hV Be 41 :1t p ); Sv ua
'

ue uo v s
’

, f

dw o nr ei x/at ¢7 96 a “ 0 m w dp e uou Ka Ica a I a dr ok e d a

’
s ! 7 61 l
( ) oBeT 5 d t
’

4 I . m <>
410 l U f / t 1

‘
é u l e é w p) .

Luk e x 11 4 ( 3 ) An d I s a y to y ou m y fr i en d s fe a r n ot a t th e m t h a t k i ll th e
‘
.
, ,

b ody a nd a ft er th a t h av e n ot an y th i ng left to do (4 ) But I w i ll s h ow y ou w h om y e .

ma y f ea r - fe a r h im w h o a f t er h a v i ng k i ll e d h at h a ut h or ity to c a s t i n i n t o th e Ge

h enn a A
’
e
y w d é (p i k m s y
’
o u p) ; (p Ofi ' e da
r b 7 65V o mox r e w é w w v 7 a o cé ua a ’
‘
’

l p ar a
,

il r a u 77 e x é v r w z/ n epzo o dr epé u T l 1rozfi

‘
0a
‘
T a
( 4 ) T w o deffi Se 6p ?V v iv a
’
Ka
' ' '
' t f
w

“7 a7 6
,
.
_
. .

¢a r e — ¢ oB
'
6fi dn ox r ei v a x ou r a é fi
o ma nBa
’ ’ ’ ’
v7 0nT e 7 6 1! 6 t f
s
o '
u v
’
e Aefzx e s i T il ”
‘
I ee w ay ) .

‘
An d c n a do n ough t un to y ou,
’ ‘
aft er ye a
re de a
d,
’ ‘
h ah t auth ority ,
’
a
nd
 P r ooao/ e or P os s i o/ e Fr a
g nzen cs . 1 5 1

n ot f ea
r th e m th a
t k ill y ou a
nd c a
n do n ou
gh t
u n to y ou .

4
( ) But fe a
r h i m after y e ar e de a d ha th w ho
auth or i ty ov e r s oul a
n d body to c as t in to fll Geh e n n a

of fire .

Ma
tt . x . 32 . Hi m t con fe s s e th m e i n fa
th a ce of m en , I w ill
c o n fe s s h im i n fa
ce of my Fath er .

114 5 Matt . . xi . 29 .
ll fin d
Ye s h a re s t .

Matt . x 11 . am e da
Th e y h av i n
g b esh ol d e n am a n w orki n
g
o n th e S a bba th h e s a id to h i m HMan i f th ou ,

kn ow e s t w h at th ou dost bl e s s e d ar t th o u : bu t , ,

if th ou k n ow e s t n o t th o u a rt fl lfll a
c c ur se d a
nd ,

” ii atr a n s r es s or o f th e la w
’
g .

fi 17
4 , Matt . x iii . 11 ,
K e ep th e m y s ter i es for m e an d for th e s on s o f

m y h ou s e .

at
c s i t
n o
’
a
re n e rer a to Luk e :
‘
But fe a
r h im w h o,
’ ‘
ov er soul a
nd body , to
’

Matth ew .

1] M a tth ew us es th e Geh ennaof th e fire tw i ce and Mark once He us es , . th e

Geh en n a o n ce M a rk t w i c e He al s o us es Geh enn a w ith out
’ ‘ ’
Luk e once , , . th e
arti cle 3 ti m e s — th e ot h ers n ot at a
ll .

i tl t iii 2 —A e7 a St Kal A u7 bs
’
Se con d Ep
’
s e of Cl em en T bV ye
aBP
.
,

é v ofi 63V
I
6y 0 A0 y fi ai17 bu 81/ 0 7
’ 6
7 0 8 l Ia
p6s
‘
An d Hi m s el f
'

m ov 7 V QJI e
‘
,
' '
ow e 7 y ou,
too s ith & c
a M atth ew h a ‘
Ev ery on e th er efor w h o s h a
’
s . ll con fes s i n m e b efor e
m en I a, l s o w i ll con fes s h im b efore m y Fa th er w h i ch i s i n [th e] h eav e ns ( Hits 0 311
'
3 6 7 13 6y 0 A0 7 710 a e u ey o l é y lrpo c ee v 7 63V dr epé n w u 6y 0 7\0 7 77 0 w d 'ych a y n poa
’ ’ ’ ’ ' ’ ’
r n bu e ee p
' '
,

7 IIa pds y ou upav ofs )

'

7 01 7 7 0 6 o .

11 S eco n d Ep i tls e of Cl e m e n t ’
v i 7 For doi ng th e w i ll of Ch r it
s w e sh a
ll
( Hozoiiw es y a
.
,

find res t p 7 b Oé Any a7 7

01 X p10 7 0 i3 e upvyaoy e u dy dn a
’
ud w
) .

D ha s th i s aft er Luk e V i 4 T h e Gr e ek i s T fiat1 7 y pa

fifi Oa ma
’ i
i
’
oy e m s 7
‘
. . o e e

3p7 ag6y e v ou 7 43 a aBBdfl p eln eu ar w é) i y ew oi das 7 f w o rd s y a Ica tos s i

’ ’
i
62
’ ’ ’
'
c
p ,

fit y l) ol das, é m x a7 dpa7 0 s
'
Ical 7r apaBo 7 i ‘
ns 7 0 6 v dy ov
’
It m a y ea s .l y b e , o r m ay cor i
r es
p on d w h , afr agm en it t of th e Gosp el accordi n g to th e Hebr ew s . Its s ource ,

th e Codex Beza e, a
n d i ts at ex t of Luk e fav our th e s uppos iti on an d occurre nce in ,

w e k n ow fr om Fr 1 5 t h a t our Gosp el did actually cont ai n an arrati v e an sw eri ng

.

to (a n d i n s om e r es e ct s full er t h a M att i i — h a al l l a sa
p n ) x 1 0 13 t e p r e p s ge to . . ,

Luk e vi . 6—1 0 .

I
I “Th i saddres s i s foun d i n Fr 2 0 a
form ofn d th r i ce i n Luk e . .

fl] rti cul a
Th e p a r Gre e k w or d i s foun d o nl y t w i c e i n th e N T
— i n t w o q uo . .

ta
ti on s by Pa ul i n on e of w h i ch it i s borr ow e d from th e Sep tua
, gi n t : but th e v ery
s im i la é r r o
i
a
p r os i s foun d
'
.
on ce i n J oh n .

a n s re s s or of l a
g A tw r i s fo un d i n R om
’
. 11 . 25, 27 an d J am e s 11 . 11 .

Hi
‘
C l em e
'
n ti n e Ho m i l i e s x i x 2 0 M ey v fi a7
y efi 08 K upzov
’
fi
y é w Ka
’

l Bdaak dk t ov c s h
ay
, .
,

fi ‘
fi a al al ia d£a
’
3V7 GAAciy e x/ os el tre y ‘
y fu T v0 7
'
p t
’
ey It 7 0 73 v l} 7 08 ol Icou buk
y ou g 7 e,

We rem em ber our Lord and t each er th at h e s a

i d to us s acom m a
a nd K e ep 8 m .
”
 accor azng H ebre w s
'
‘
T h e Gospel
’
I to ch e .

*
48 Ma .
tt x v . . 8 . Th i p pl
s eo e h on our e th m e w ith th e lip s ,
bu t
Mar k v ii 6 . .
i ts h e a
r t i s fa
r o ff . fr o m m e .

14 9 .Ma tt x v i 2 6 . . . For w hat [ i s ] th e pr ofit if on e

gam th e en t r e i
Mark v iii 3 6 .
w or ld an d l os e h is s ou l
Luk e i x 2 5 . .

15 0 . tt
Ma . xv iii .
7 . Th e g o od m us t c om e , bu t bl es s e d [ s]
i he
Luk e XV ii 1 th r ou gh w h om i t com e th : in like w is e n eed
[ ]
i s

th at th e e vil c om e , bu t w o e [ to h im
] th r ou gh
w h om i t c o m e th .

al so Cl em en t of Al ex a
So n dr i a S trum v 10 He [i e th e a ut h or of th e , , .
,
. .

Ep i s tle of Ba rn a ba s ] m ea
ns For it w a s n ot from gru dgi ngn es s t h at th e Lord com
ma n d e d i n s om e [ or ac ert a i n] Gospel My my stery [i s ] for m e and for th e sons of
zI y a(ti b i 631
,

n afi
'
(Ma e tk e u 6 Kuzos e 7 1m Eba
”
my h ouse ( O p i p y y
’

p u y y e k ic
p M v / 1
, ,
' '

' '
e ol It al ? 7
v io i s 7 0 1 ofIt ov y o i)
’
b
’
'
07 17pt ov
y u y 7 0
e s

i i
T h e Eb on t e T h e odoti on r en der e d i n Is x x v 1 6 My m y s ery [ i s ] for m e ,
‘
. i . t
t
m y m y s ery [ i s ] for m e a
’
o -
uo 7 77 t6u y ou ey ol It a
’ ’
l H i
n d m ne ( T y p 7 0 ?s i s

v ers on w a i
s ma de i n th e 2 n d ce n a nd i s of cour se p os s bl e h a th e n erpr e a t . it i t t i t t
ti on m a y h av e b ee n m uch ol der .

I ha
ve c om p r ed a th i s fra
gm en t ith w th e v er s e in Matth ew w h i ch s a
ys
‘
Be
as
c u e it i gi u t
s v en n o y ou to k n ow th e m y s t i er es of th e k i n gdom of h ea
v en , but to

th em it i t gis no v en
’

a
.

d Ep i tl t iii 4 — EV t a
’ ’ ’
‘ i
’
S econ s e of Cl em en , . 7 bV 6y 0 A0 7 0 8y ev ; EV 7 c;
zz7

al y i; n apaIt oue w azI7 oz7 7 63V e V7 0 A63V Kal y 'l; y ti z/ ou x e iAe o w a

’ ’
arel y 6 zz7 bv
’ ’
r . Ae y e t It

a
' '
7 ty 5 w, dAA e £ 3Ans K a a s It al i s Ba uo ai e It al e u 7 3 H0 a a
’ ’
di ’
g f S i "
h
’
k A 6 O A ‘
q t s e e t
p e
y s

Z, i) a
.

s It apdiaa i1 7 0 i3 n é A n d w h er e i n
' ’ ’ ’

ppw Zi n e 0 7 w (i m ey oii
’
0 57 0 s 7 0 i s x e ik e o i y e 7 ty 6
'
,

do w e con fes s h im ? In d o i ng w ha he t s aith and n ot tu i rn ng our e a

rs from h i s
com m a n d m en t s an d i n h on ouri ng h i m n ot w ith our ,
s onl
y but out of e n ti re l ip
h ea rt a n d out of e n ti r e m i n d A nd h e s a ith als o in Is ai ah T h i s p eopl e h onoureth .

m e w ith th e l i p s but i ts h ea r t i s fa T h e w or d a
’
r o ff fr om l s o s eem s to
j
,

s h ow t ha ot u r a u th or fo u n d a n i n u n c ti on a g a i n s t m er e l i -
p h on our s om ew h er e e l s e ,

an d I ca n on l y a s sum e t h a t h e alluded to th e use by Jes us (Matt x v 8 Mark . .

,

v i i 6) o f th e p roph e cy i n Is a
. i ah .

It i s m or e ov er uit e c ert a q
i n th at h e uot ed th at proph ecy from a Gos pel q
v e rs i on a n d n ot from t h e S ep t ua g i n t F r om th e l a tter it diffe rs w i dely but from
nd a for a
.
,

Matt x v 8 on ly i n a r w o fifor a z w cbv a r ea

x e t th e l it er a l r enderi ng
’ ’ ’ ’

. .
r e ,

of t h a t v ers e being Th i s p eopl e h on oureth m e w ith th e li ps but th ei r h ear t i s far ,

o ff from m e Ma rk v ii 6 a g
. r
’
e e s w it h M a tt h e w ex ce t t h a
p . t it h as 0 57 0 s 6 Aabs for
th e m or e un us ua l 6 Aabs 0 57 0 s
Ti ya
.

T S e con d E p i s t l e o f C l e m e n t v i 2 -
p 7 b bc e
p s e du 7 i s 7 6V do M a y or
’ ’ ’

fi
.
,

“ PM” a t 4”;t {ny zw efi Matth ew h a s For w h a t sh all am an be pro t ed

i n th e w orl d e n ti r e and l os e h i s ow n s oul (T i y a
,

i f h e ga ea fi a ‘ ’
p d o n e e m i ti
pw w os
ea u 7 6V tt é a 8 0 V Ke a fi S e x u i w ( ny tw fi
tx fi ) Ma rk i s n ot uit e s o l i k e q
’
A
‘
u d g ’

y o p ,
.
,

a n d L uk e m u ch l e s s s o I m u s t n o t for a m o m en t be unders tood as s uggesti ng

.

th at s uch sl i gh t v ari ati on s i ndicat e anoth er s ource t h an our canon i cal Matth ew
s a Ta a ea
.

C l em en ti n e Ho m i l i e s x i i 2 9 7 fi AnGe fa s vf oc fi
p fl ys sq a ew e?»
1 p »; y
aa ad d y
.
,

Sei '
y aI
t o pzos
i
a bm f
s g ,
r v, SI
’
5 epx e7 at 6y 0 tw s
0
’ ‘ ’
It al 7 it It u '
it n é AOeTV, ozJal
’
a
sS i
’

0
’
5 epxem t,
’
T h e p r op h e t of ru h s ad & ct t i
’
.

tth
Ma ew ha s For n eed i s h a th e t t tum bli s n
g
-
bl ock s com e , on l
y w oe to th e m a
n
 1 54 T h e Gosp el accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

an d n ot fr om gr e a te r to be com e l e s s .

( )
2 An d, w h e n y e a r e h i dd e n to th e h ou s e of a
su
pp er fi n ot
p l a
to li e
c e s l e s t th e eu pon th e ch e f i , r

c om e a fte r w ar d am or e h on ou r a
bl e th a n th o u a nd

vin g co m e up s ay to th ee
th e l or d o f th e s upp e r h a

room s ti ll b l e ow
’
,
as h a
a
ndm ed th( )
3 B
ouu tbe
,
i f t h ou l i e upon th e l es s er
.
p l ac e

an d th ere com e a ft erw a rds al e s s er th a n t h ou th e s u

pp erbid der w i ll s a y to t h ee ,

Dra w i n h i gh er and t h i s sh a ll be of s er v i c e to th e e
’
, .

T h e O ld La ti n MSS gi v e s ubst antially th e s am e v ers i on as D w ith ah os t of

.
,

m i nor v a ri ati on s of Lati nity am ong th em s elv es w h i ch s eem to s h ow th at th e pas

sa ge w a s in m a n
y ca se s t r a n sl ated i ndependently by th e copy i s t s and w as not
f ound i n th e La ti n MSS befor e th em But th er e i s n o k now n MS of th e true
. . .

Old La ti n (as d i s ti ngui sh ed from th e Itali an r ecen s i on) w h i ch does not contai n th e
s sa ria ti on of th e sli gh t es t i m portanc e : th e C odex
pa ge .T h er e i s only on e v a
Pa la ti nus (e 5 th ce nt ) ends alm os t ex actly as th e Curetonian Sy ri ac and th en
, .
,

sha ll th e re be to t h e e gl ory b efor e th e gu es t s — et tun e er i t ti bi

g lori a
m oor am di s
c um ben tzbus ( s e em i n l
'

gy a l te r e d f rom a for m er et tune h a bebi s — ‘

and t h e n sh a lt
t h ou h av e Al l th e MSS r en de r §n7 e27 e by gua er i ti s
.
y e s eek n ot g u aer i te
’
s eek y e .

Th e p assa ge i s p ar ah r a
p s ed by Juv e n cus ( 4 th ce n ) i n h is m e r cal v ers on t . ti i of

th e Gosp el s , h e a ‘
l so r e n d er ng y e s e ek
’
A n d fr om m a i
rg n al n o es i n MSS . i t . it
s e em s to h a
v e b ee n k Hi lary i n th e s a
now n to m e ce n tury .

Th e ma r gi n of tw o Sy r i a c M SS o n e of th e Pes h i tt a
.
, v er s i on a nd on e of th e

Ph i lox e n i a n co n t a i ns th e pas sage i n Sy ri ac an sw eri ng as clos ely as m ay be to th e

,

t ex t of D w ith th e n ot e th at it i s found i n Gre ek MSS i n th i s place and h as

,
‘
.
,

th er efor be e n added by us h ere al so .

’

Th e p a ssa g e i s v er l i k e L u k e x i v 8 — 1 1 : but th e d i ffe ren ce be t w ee n ( 1 ) a nd

y .

Luk e x i v 1 1 i s fa . r to o gr ea t to adm it of our s uppos i ng th at th e one i s acorrupt

m em ori a l v e rs i on o f th e oth er Th e gr ounds for s upp os i n g t h a
. t it m ay be afrag
m en t or m a
, y a n s w e r to afr a m en t of th e Gos e l a
g p , c co r d i n
g to th e He br ew s a re

( 1 ) th a t it i s foun d in s om e t ex t s of Matth e w (2 ) th at it is found i n th e preci s e

g r o u p o f t ex t s — th e C u re t o n i an S y r i a c D a n d t h e O l d, L a ti n ,
— w h i ch el s ew h er e

s h ow a n a ffi n ity w ith th e Go s pe l a c cor di ng to th e Hebre w s ( 3 ) th a t it h as aLucan

c oun t er a rt
p .

T h e t ex t fr om w h i ch I t r a n sla t e i s am i x ed on e of m y ow n com p i lati on It .

d oes n ot p re te nd to a n y t h i ng l i k e ce rt a i nty ; i nde ed unle s s I w e re a Syr i ac ,

s c h ol a r a nd w e l l a c ua q
i nt ed w ith th e pe culi ar itie s of th e Curetonian it w ould be ,

i m pos si bl e for m e t o gi v e an au th or itativ e opi nion as to th e com parati v e m erit

o f s om e o f i ts r e a d i ngs a n d th os e of D .

All a ut h or iti es e x ce p t th e C ur e to n i a n om it T h e Gre ek {nr ef r e w i ll

‘ ’
not .
f

th e n m ean eith er do y e s eek or y e se ek and all th e Lati n t ran slators t ak e it

‘ ’ ’
,

i n th e l a tte r s en s e But I c ann ot do ubt t h at th e Cureton ian i s righ t th e s ens e

.
,

b ei n g i n co m p a ra bly be tt er .

i T h e G re e k w o rd s h ere a n d i n
( )
3 a re t h o s e w h i ch a r e p ar ap h ra s ed i nto

s i t dow n by th e tr a n sl a t ors of th e Auth oriz ed V er si on w h erev er t h ey occur Th e .

com p a ny l a o n l on a ara ra s i t do w n b es i des obl it e r a ti ’

y g c o u ch e s n d t h e p ,p h se n g ,

from th e N ew T e s t a m en t th e tra ce of aJ e w i s h cus t o m a n d s ubs tit u ti n

g a n En li s h
g
pl a ce e n ti re l l s th e m ea n i ng of J oh n x iii 23 a n d i n t rod uces a
o n e i n i ts
,y con ce a .

ph y s i ca l i m p os s ibil i tv i nt o Luk e v i i 3 8 . .
 Pr obable or Poss i ble Fr a
g m e n ts . I55

Ma
ke r oom low er an d th ou be ash a
m ed i n th e
e ye s of th e gu e s ts .

( )
3 le s s e r place an d
Bu t, i f th ou li e u p on th e
th e e c om e a
r fter w ad al e s s e r th a
n th ou th e l or d r ,

of th e s upp er w ill s a
y t o th e e D ra w i n h igh er

an d th ou s h alt h ave m or e glory i n th e eye s of th e

gu e s ts .

15 3 .Ma tt m m . . 37 .
O ut of e n t r e i h ea
rt a
nd out of e n t r e i m i n d.

Mar k x ii 3 0 . .

Luk e x . 27 .

§ 5 4 Matt -x x i v . Fa
l s e C h r i s ts ,
fa
lse pr oph ets ,
fals e a
p os tle s ,

[ s ch s m si h er e s i es, l ovin gs of r u e l .

1 S e con d E
p s l e of Cl em en , 4 , u o e d un der Fr 4 8 it
T h e s e w or d s m us t iii ’
. q t . . t
no t be a k en as ad r e c t
al lus on to th e S e p ua g n o f D i t
en t v i 5 , w h ch h a s n ot i t i t . . i
th e w ords out of e n re h e a r , but a
’
s ar eferen c e to th e tiuo a on of h a v e r s e t q t ti t t
as r e corded i n xx 3 7 Ma Matt ii
rk x i i 3 0 Luk e x
. . 2 7 i n conn ex i on w . w ch , . ith h i ,

it m ay be added th e w ord com m andm en t used by our auth or i s al s o found

,
’
.

Ma tt h ew h as i n th y entire h ear t and i n th y en ti r e s oul and i n th y en tire

‘

m i nd ( a37 m7 g ? It a p a i ov It a l a M 3 xfi a a M 3 a ia )
’
d G 3 ) 7 ? ip v o u It l e u 6 ; 7 ? B I I o (m u / .

Ma rk h a s out o f th y e n ti re h e a rt a n d out of th y e n ti r e s oul a n d out o f th y e nti r e

m ind a nd out of th y e n ti r e s t re ngt h s 7 i3s It a dt a a a i ns 7 fi

’
i h
’

( 6 5 f l m p s o u It l e
g t s

s a Luk e h a
'
il/ v x ris 0 0 u It a l e gth i ns 7 i) s Sta v o ia ou It a
’ ’
’ l e § 6Ans 7 7is i o xbos 0 0 v ) out
' ' ' ’ '
s .

of th y en ti r e h e a rt a nd i n th
y e n ti re s oul a n d i n th y e n ti r e s t re n gt h a n d i n th y

e n ti r e un d e r s t a n di n
g ( 3 5 3 a m 7 fi s It a 8 t a
p s O O U Ka l eu 6
M 1 p xfi
; 7 ? i u a o u m l 6
’
1 3A )
!
’
’
'
!

7 7 20 b
7
’
0 0 u It a l eu '
7 3 di a
3 l Ol
a 0 0v
) /
'
.

T h e pr ep ositi on out of w oul d s eem to p oi nt to Ma

‘
r k o r Luk e r a th er th a
’
n

Ma tth ew ; but out of th e h ear t i s afav ourit e ex pres s i on w ith our aut h or and
‘
,

th e s h or t form of h i s r e fere n ce i s n e a re s t to M a tth ew

l 7 m y aa
.

C l em en ti n e Hom i l i e s x v i 2 1 Ba
”
a p b s
, 6 K ti t os ei Ire V
p .
,dae uda m i cfl oii m/
,
‘
, ,

fi ea For t h e r e s h a i d fal s e
'
i ll e udei s n poc p 7 a t a fp e ts (pmax ia
p t, , ll b e a s th e Lo r d s a , , ,

a p os t l e s fa l s e p r oph e t s h er e s i e s l ov i n s of r ul e
g
’

a
, , , .

Cf Jus ti n D i a I a a
'
E0 0 V7 a 7 aIt a a e a s For h e
x ya
‘
b 35 i l " ’ ’
. e 7 re
, y p , ,
i fp e t
‘
,

sa i d T h ere sh all be s ch i sm s and Cf D i a l 5 1 An d i n th e be t w e en

'

.
, ,

ti m e of h i s c om i n g a s I sa i d before h e declared beforeh and t h at th ere sh oul d be

l a7 45 y e7 a
, ,

h er es i e s a n d fa l s e p r oph et s i n h i s n a m e ( Ka a as azI7 0 i3
’ ’

§ t 7 6 s 1r
p 0 v 0 i '

xpo xcf i (iIS 1rp0 ec

/ , y e ufi
’

a
ae adat afpe o e ts It al ipe u60 1rpo¢ fi
,
7 a s e 1rl 7 4 3 t wby a
’
‘
fl ai I7 0 i}
’ ’ ’

n o ey i wuo e
)
’

p .

T h e w r it er of S up ern a tur a l Religi on a ft er Cr edn er ( s eem i ngly ) sugge s ts t h a , t ,

th i s p r oph e cy i s r eferr e d to by Pa ul i n 1 C or x i l 8 1 9 _ ‘
I h ea r th a t s ch i s m s . .
,

a
( x y i a a m ) e x i s t am o n g y o u a n d i n s o m e p ar t I b e l i e,
v e i t — for t h ere m us t be
h er es i e s a l afpe ae ts ) a m o ng y ou th a t th e p rov ed one s m ay becom e m ani fes t
'
l s o ( It a ,

a T h i s i s i ngen i ous
’
m ong y ou . .

Heges i ppus w h om w e k n ow to h a , v e u s ed th e Gosp el a ccordi ng to th e He

bre w s s p ea k s of fa l s e Ch ri s t s fa l s e p r oph et s fa ls e a p os tl es (i pe v cbxpto m r t e l eo

’ '
, , , ,

7r oc
p p fi 7 a t i e uSa
l Irba rv
,
z
) b ut n o t i n
'
s u c hf
a w ay a s t o i m pyl t h a t h e w a s q u o ti n g .

T h e Ap os tol i c Cons tituti on s v i 1 3 s a y For th es e a r e fa . ls e Ch ri st s a

. n d fa
. l se
 T be Gospel accor di ng Hebr ew s
'

I 56 l o Z be .

*
55 Matt -xx i v ne r a For i n s u ch as I fin d ou in su ch w ill I al
y so
. .

th e e n d.
j udg e
y ou ,

h
p p e s
ro t and fa
lse a
p os tl es, d ece i v ers a
nd corrup ers t ’
( 0 57 m y elp e lm upev bbxpza'
rol

al ipe v 80 7rpocprrr ai Kal xpe v Bai rba 1e iv 0 I Ica

‘
’
K ' oA I
r O l ,

For th e lov i ngs of rul e cf Cl em en t of Rom e i ‘

t
‘ ’
.
, xl v . 1, . An d our Apos l es
k n ew th r ou
gh our Lo rd J es us Ch r i t th at th
s ul d b t if er e w o e s r e ov er th e na
m e of
th e b i s h opr c i ( Kal of ma é y aa 6a 8 K pl i méh
y
’
uw v 7 0 v ov l 1770 0 8 X pto rofi r

7 by by aros T fi
s é m mcor fi
’
31 1 {pm fo m r
: e 1r l 7 01
'
s
)
'

t ti fi
.

Ia
m t n ot i gl p a a
in th e l e a
g a th a b
s s a s ed th a a n
y s uch s n e ss e s e ov e oc

u d i ay
c rr e ag l i iti g th ph a l gy f th Cl m ti H m i li i
n n ev n e c wr n : e r s eo o o e e en ne o es s

quit i t t i th th th y th at ly th
e con s s en f ai u p ph i
w fJ u e eor on e s en se o v r o s ro ec es o es s

i b i g gi
s but th a
e n t th d h i ai
v en , m G p l th put i t e w or er es e s w s n so e os e or o er n o

th m uth f J u i p ba
e bl f m th d ubl
o o i id esf Ju ti
s s ro e ro e o e c o nc en ce o s n.

Ju ti Di a Inai} X p la 7 SW { wa
’
i mé p
’
l 47 Kbp s n, b ,
E '
re os l os o s urr '
s s w V 0 3 s

a aAdB é al p é i Ch i t a id & ' ’ ’

Ic '
r i Ou l w d J
, u 7 0 v'
ro s K Ic w , r or esu s r s s c .

Cl m t f Al a d i a( Q ui d ie 4 0) h a l i gh t ly di ff
en o tG k
ex d n r s nes s s e ren re e w or s
’
Eq>
’
o s f y p aa i p u
’
s f w nds cpna
fi iv ' ’
e vr
-
l T ov a0 1s
’

Ic al Icpw w
A

For i n s uch as I find y ou

j
, , , ,

he s ith
a ,
in s uch w i ll I a
l so udge y ou .
’
But h e attri but es th em t o God th e
Fath er .

In th e ai
e rl er ha
lf of th e 5 th c en t Ni l u s wr it es
“
For such a s I fi n d th e e such

j O la y a
.

w i ll I a ith th e Lord
udge th ee
v w s p bp e
’
ae T ow ii rbu o e Icpw éi ¢ nalv 6
'
,
' ’ ‘

Kbpzos) —An s s s Qua atai u

es t 3 p 3 4 ,
.
, . .

J oh a n n es Cl im a k os i n th e l a t ter h alf of th e 6th cent attri butes to Ez ek i el

j
, .
,

th e w or ds In w h a t I find th e e i n it w i ll I al so udge th ee s ai d God Eu i ”

,
’ ’

eb w a e év a zr r éi Ica e lr e u 6 ! ebs —S ca a a ra a
’
l
’ ’

p
'
Ic w c
p ,
?) d e
) l P d i s i G r d v i i p 1 5 9 , . . . .

A t th e e d o
n f th e 8 th c e n t i a etropo it an of Cr et e w r it es For it h ath
E l s m l ‘
.
, ,

b een s a id by God t h rough s om e on e of th e proph e ts In w h at I find th ee in s uch

a j
,

s oot h ly Wi ll I a l s o udge th e e
”
( p
E l m at
y p furl) 7 0 6 (9 6 0 i) B i o T i l O S 7 63V u oc nr div
p p
'
l
/

E V é) e izpw o e é V 7 0 1 7 9) 89) Ica l Icpw éi ae ) — I eun cl a v i us J u co- Rom a

’
? ’ 5
s e
’
n um
‘ '
.
, , ,

337 .

M r Dodd refers to th e fra .

gm e nt on Ha d es on ce fa ttr ibuted to J os eph us
l s ely a
and t ra nsl a t ed by Wh i s t on am ong Jos eph us s w ork s Wh i ston al s o publi sh ed i n ’
.

1 7 3 7 a l ittl e t rea ti s e on th e fragm ent an d from th i s treati s e I find th at th e t ex t ,

h e tra n s lat ed i s tak en from p 3 06 of D av i d Hum ph r ey s s transl ati on of A th ena ’

.

ora s 1 7 1 4 ; a nd t h a t H u m ph rey s s a s h i s t ex t i s c o i ed from aM S l eft b

y p
g , y .

Gr a be I m en ti on th e s e t h i ngs b e cause I l os t h our s i n try i n g to fin d th e Gr eek

— a ad
.

Wh i
' - ap EIf ao r a Boa
'
iao w
’ ’ ’
73 h r e 1rl T o n
9 ’
ch is 84 i pw { w pm ?)
"

0 e z s R 1r '
T e Aos n r

rwy In s uch a
s Ifind
y ou , in s uch w i ll I j udg y u i y th i g aith th E d e o n ev e r n
”
s e n

of all )—for ’
I foun d no m oder n diti
e t ai i g th t at Had at all
on s con n n e r c on es ,

an d no ol d on es w h i ch di d n ot s o t p h t f th ti
s tai i g th i qu ta
or o e s ec on con n n s o

ti on .

Gra b e s pea
k s of as quoti ng th ese w ords w ith out na o th
m i ng th ei r s our c e
ers

— ti o n s only Auctor T es tam e nti X L Mar tyrum S ebas tenorum i n

of w h om h e m en

La m be ci us s Com m en t do B i bl Vi ndob l i b iv p 9 9 w h o s a y s EV {5 y a p e zIpw a

’ ’ ‘
’ ’
. e . . . . .
, ,

q m a lv
‘
é v 7 0 15n Ka l KPH C B (L am b e ci us mph/ w ) a e
‘
F or i n w h at I find t h ee h e
/
’ ’

j
, , ,

sa it h i n such w i ll I [I am becius do I al s o udge th ee

,
.
’

J oh an nes C l im a k os e v i den tly l ook ed on t h es e w or ds a s aquot a ti on from Ez ek .

xx i v 1 4 ( S ep t ua i t i i ccordi ng to th y
g n v ers o n ) A cc or d n g to th y w ays a nd a

j
.
,

th ough ts w i ll I udge th ee s aith th e Lord .

’
 i s8 T be Gosp e l accor di ng to i be Hebrew s .

ti m ( 5 1 iii 5 0 iii
es 11 . ah ti m a
, tt i buti g it t J u ( g u t ah
xv e c e r n o es s e o r e c er

i d — 5 8 5daaA man w ii 5 1 ) ad th G ti Ap ll ( 3 d quat f

.
.
, . .

s a ’
I x os y e , . n e nos c e es r r er o

2 d n t ce nh a di g t Epi ph aiu ( Ha
. w o li
cc or att i but d it t J u
n o n s er . x v . r e o es s

ad th G p l
n e h a i d i th G p l ( é pn £ 43
os e e s n e os e
’ ’
c 11 7

O ig f r t u f a
en re e rsgm t f th a 1 1 ti m (Ham i ii i L mu
o o r r en no e w er n es . n ev . ,

( a
s o on ft m i dd l ) a d
er ai m ( a d ) i I i i ei E k C
n mm i M a tt i 1 ne r en n er .
,
n z eo .
, o . n . xv .
,

xv ii 3 1 iii 3 7 i 5 (th l at t
.
,
xx . ta t i aLa xx v ti t a l ati. ly ) Ha m i e s w o ex n n n r ns on on , .

i L n Ham mm i I k a u ( iii 4 6) a d mmi t ( iii

uc .
,
. n o I th l at but
n . v . n c
o x . n e s on e

h all it th sm m a d f J u ( lI g e co
- 701 n o es s
’ ’
V in 0 1:
e c T

J m (A d M i
er o i um t A l a d u m M ati a a
e n er v
y d iti i 2 2 0) a l l th e ex n r ,
r n
’
s e on v . c s es e

Sa i u a a ba ) ; h qu t 1 T h
"
w or d th s d f th e (
w or S l t i s o e 21 v o r v or s v er e o es es s . v .

i m m di at ly bef a th at ay i g f th Ap t l ( ill ud A p t li ) H al
e e or e s
‘
s n o e os e
’
os o . e so

f
re e rs t th m t i o i h i C m m i Ep h
e w iii ( Eph i d a d
ce n s o . n es . . on . v . en , n v. on ce

i h i C mm
n s Ph i l m o 5 ad . in i h i Ap l gi aa d R fi um i 4
e on , , n on ce n s o o v . u n , . .

J ha Ca a ( iti g ab t 4 2 0 ) al l th m pt f
i ‘
o u
nn e s ss n s th p w r n ou A D . . c s e o n ce e r e ce o

L d (p a ptum D m i i C l la t i 2 0) a d th a t m pai
’
th e or r e ce o
[ n , o . . n on ce co r s on or ,

p a a bl
r ] i th G e p l ( i ll a
n m a g l ie a m p a a b os l am C ella t
’
ii ev n e c r o , o . .

S at ( l t h
ocr a l f f 5 th
es t ) it b th Ch i t a d h i Ap tl gi u
s
‘
o c en . w r es o r s n s os e ve s

w or d t b m p o d bak
e co at p e all t h i g h l di g fat th g d
rov e n ers , s o s o r ov e n s, o n s e oo

i mi u 3 X pw ‘
r bs Ic al 5 v o br o v
f

wi / 6 0 6m
t 7
pa §
1re t7 at[ s
60 m y o ¢ [ s
. {
6
07 6 7 am i / 7
x aSom y dfe w , 7 b IcaAl w Ic
'
'
ar exow r as Hi s t Ecol , . . ii 1 .

T h e Caesa
r i us o f u nk now n dae ( but a l m os cer t t tai ly n n ot Caes a
r i us of Na
z ia
n z us ) w ho w ro e t th e Qua
es ti ones uo e s th e s a
y ng q t i as ‘
i n Gos p el s
’
( é y Ebay
'

y e Mow —s io) a d Q a
s ee a Resp
es t 1 4 0 . . .

T h e Ap os t ol i c C ons tituti on s ( 3 r d A th a na s i us ( w r iti ng a bout

Gr egory of Na z ia nz us ( w h o di e d a bout A m br os e ( w h o d i e d i n Pa l la di us
w h o d i e d b efore 4 3 1 P a ul i nu s of Nol a ( w h o di ed i n P r oco i us o f Ga za
( p
h fl our i s h e d a b out Gregory th e Gr e a t ( W r iti n g 5 8 4 J h a n nes Da m a
( w o o s

s cen us ( w h o d i e d a ft er Epi p h a n i us D i a conus (w r iti ng i n Ni k eph or us

w h o di e d i n a n d Pe t r us S icul us (w h oev er h e m a b ) r e fe r to th e s a i n
( y e
y g
it t i
h ou m pl y g i a n t h i n it h re g a r d t o i ts s o u r c e — e x ce t th a
p t P a l la d i us c a ll s
w n y g w

it Scrip ture —<tuo lu i; w acpn th e Scri ptur e s aith ; Procopius (th e w ords are ,
’

e x ta n t i n a La ti n tran slati on o nly ) aft er uoti ng as Paul s 1 T h ess v 2 1 adds , q ’

. .
,

For th e s a i nt s are prov ed bank ers and Nik eph or us (w h os e w ords are al so ex tant ’
,

o nl y in aLa ti n tran s lati on) sp eak s of it as a d i v i ne oracle (div inum oracul um ) ’

.

S e e Apos t C ons t ii 3 6 ; A t h a.
na s i u s Ep a
. . d S o li ta r i os ; Na z ia n z en u s Ca rm i n e , .
,

Z a m b i o a p 1 8 2 1 8 , ( C o t é
.
l i er s re f e r e n ce w h i ch I h a v e n o t
’

y e t s u c c ee d e d i n ,

traci ng) ; Am bros e Exp lan i n Lao p r oof ; Palladi us D e Vi taCbry s os tom i 4 ;
,
.
, , ,

Pa ul i n us Ep i s t ,
4 ; Procop i us i n L ev p
.
33 1 Gregory M ora ,
li a x x x iii 3 5 . .
, ,
.

M
( g );i n e D a m a s c en us Exp os Fi d Or th od i v ,
1 8 ; Ep i p h a nia
. s Dia con us Pa . n egy r . .
, .

ad y S n o d ; N ik e
p h o r u s H i s t x 3 6 ; P e t r us Si cul us Hi s t a
,
t .b eg i n n
. i n g , . .

Th a t l i cen ti ous tran sl ator Rufinus i n h i s v ers i on of Eus ebius coolly s ubs titut ed
for t h e s e w o r d s 1 T h es s v 2 1 i n th e u ot a ti on fr om D i ony s i us A l ex a
. . n dr i nus q .

Did h e t h i n k t h e m a m e r e f a u l t y r e m i n i s c e n c e o f P au l s w o r ds ? but s o d e v ot e d a
’

t
s u d e n t o f O r i g e n a n d o n e fo r s o m ,
a n
y y e a r s th e fr i e n d a n d n ei h bour of J er om e
g ,

m us t s u r e l y h a v e c o m e a c r os s t h e m m o re t h a n on ce b efor e A n d i f s o h e m us t .

ha ve m a d e t h e s u b s tit u ti o n n o t b e c a u s e h e k n e w n o s uch w or ds b u t b e ca u se h e ,

k n ew th ey w er e n ot a Ap os t o li c utt era
’
n n ce .

Th a t th e l os t w o r k i n w h i c h t h e y o cc u r r e d w a s t h e G o s p el a cco r d i n g t o t h e

Hebr e w s i s prob a bl e ( 1) from our r s t m e eti n g w it h t h em i n a fi

n Ebi oni t e w riti ng ,

a n d ( 2 ) fr o m th e i r uot a q
ti on by Ori gen I do not adduce J erom e be caus e h e m ay . ,
 P r obable or Poss i ble Fr a
g m en ts . 1 59

tt
Ma If y e h a i k ep t th e littl e , w h o S h a
ve n ot ll i v
”“
*
57 . . xxv .
g e

be t w ee n W 30
y o u th e gr e a t ? F or I s a u n to
y y o u th at h e w ho
an d 31
i s fa ith ful i n le as t i s faith ful al s o i n m u ch .

§ 58 .Ma tt x x v u . aggin g th e ir h eads a

w n d s a in
y g
3 9—43 w a ge d th e i r h e ad s and sa i d
g
°

Mark x v 2 9
L e t h 1 m th at rai sed u d ad m e n d e li v e r h i m s el f
.

p e
Luk e xx iii . 35 .

ha
ve t ak en th em fr om O r ge n , i w h om h e h a
d t i
s ud e d s o m uch Cl em en t of Al ex
j
.

an dr i a w h o uot ,
q accor di ng to th e He brew s as S cri p tur e y e t oi n s
e s th e Gos p el ,

our fr a g m e n t to t h e v e rs e i n T h e s s a l on i a ns m a y b e t h o ugh t to a ff o r d a re s um
p p ,

ti on t h at i t w as n ot i n th e Gos pel acco rdi ng to th e He brew s : but th e unt rus t

w o rt h i n e s s of h i s m e m ory i s e v i d e n ce d by th e v e ry fa c t of h i s a ttr i buti ng it to
Pa ul a nd t h i s gra
,
nt e d w e m i gh t ev en con s i de r th a
,
t h is k n ow l e dge o f th e say i ng
,

s t re ngt h e ns th e p roba b i l ity o f i ts h a v i ng be e n con t a i n e d i n our l os t Gos pel .

1 R e n d er e d w ro n gyl e x ch a n g e r s a s i f I c oAA b B I c ra
'
l b y P r o f W es t co tt
,
’
and , .

m on ey -ch a n ge r s by Mr D odd ex ch a nge r s is a l s o th e ren deri ng o f our v ers i on

.

in Ma tt x x v 2 7 w h ere th e Gr e ek w ord i s th e sam e

S e co nd Epi s t le o f Clem e n t v iii 5 —A é y e z y a
. . .
,

u a e Mcp
’ ’

p 5 R p l os 611 7 ? )
g E zz y
'
y El '

a
.
,

a iIIc e r n fi a a T b ué y a r is ba 3 7 ; 5 m ar bs é V
i
l n d e r ; Aé yw y
’
7 b [ u Ic
p
’
.
p re f
l} S ' f
, p Q u i ll f ' '

’
-
e Aa Io q c Ica
’ '
l é a 711 6 7 63 e o fl v
‘
F r th e L or d s a
‘
it h i h G
’
l &c
’
w oAAc f t
‘
o n e os e
X p y
p , .

S o Ir e na eu s A dv Ha er ,
3 (th e 2 nd ce nt u ry La
. ti n trans lati on th e
.
,

Gr e ek bei n l o s t ) A n d t h er efor d id th e Lord s a

g
, y to th os e t h a t w ere un th ank ful
t ow ard h i m If y e h av e not be en faith ful i n a[or th e] l ittl e w h o w i ll gi v e y ou th e
“
, ,

grea t ? (et i deo D om i nus di cebat i ngr atis i n c um ex i sten ti bus Si i n m odi co
”

fidel es non fui s ti s uod m a g num e s t u i s ,

d a h qit v o b i s q
Cf Luk e x v i 1 0—1 2 He w h o i s fa ith f ul in l eas t i s faith ful in m uch and h e
j j
. .
, ,

w h o i s un us t i n l e a s t i s un us t a ls o i n m uch If t h erefor y e h a v e n ot b e e n fa it h
j
.

ful i n th e un us t r i ch es w h o s h a l l e nt rus t to y ou th e tr ue ? A n d i f y e h a
, v e n ot -

b e e n fa ith ful i n an oth er m an s w h o s h all gi v e y ou y our ow n ? ( 0 m o v bs é u ’

,
’

ék a ia cp Ica l e u n oM c? m a
-6 6
’
l 0 5V e u 7 3 dblm a / c m or a l or m
’

}
’
E 4 p n u ?
'
x f n 3 0 e m
é y é vea Oe 7 b dAnOIz/ bv T lS ba
‘

,
i l 111 0 7 6 150 6 1 ; Ka l 6 2ex! 7 43 dAAo rplq) m o r a
‘
! l o f”: dy er/ 6 0196 ,
'
,

-
7 b bush 6 m T lS E d ui n )
p s el
Q,

Th e p a s sa ge i n Luk e i s th e a ppl i ca ti on of th e parable of th e U n us t S t ew ard j .

It i s th e op i n i on of m a ny N e w T e s t a m e n t cr iti c s th a t Luk e w r ot e anoth er copy of

h i s w or k w it h occa s i on a l va ria ti ons It i s p oss ibl e th at th e auth or of t h e Second .

Ep i s tl e of C l em e n t took h i s uo t a ti on from a copy of Luk e an d t h at Irenae us

’
q ,

e ith e r di d th e s a m e or bo rrow ed it fr om our a uth or .

A t th e s a m e ti m e th e uot a ti on al so r e m inds us alittl e of Matt x x v 2 l ~2 3q . .

, ,

‘
Th ou w e r t fa ith ful ov er few t h i ngs I w i ll s e t th ee ov er m any ( E1rl (h iy a53 ’ ’
,

w o r ds é 7rl r a ,
k k eby 0 s
’

Th a t pas sage i s i n th e par abl e of th e T alen t s

'
,

w h i ch w e k n ow w a s fou n d i n av a ri a n t for m i n t h e Gos pe l a c cordi ng t o th e He

bre w s — s e e Fr 24 T h e pa ss a i t e m e nt
’
.
g e i n th e S. e co n d E p s l e o f C l w o ul d s erv e

w el l e n ough a s am o ra l from th i s o t h er v ers i on of th e p a ra bl e .

1
"

T h e Gre ek i s foun d 1 7
v er b m es i n J oh n , 3 m es ( i e i n ti ti . . th i s s e ns e
) in
Matth e w , on c e in Ma
rk , n e v er i n Luk e , but 1 0 m es i n Ac s ( 7 t m es ti t i of k e ep i ng in
pr i s on ) .

Th e p ass a
g e i n M a h e w ( t o w h om h s i s n ea rer h an to M a rk or Luk e
) is tt t i t
as follow s A nd h ey h a t pa —
s s e d by r e w l ed h i m , w a n
gg g h t
e r h eads and s a n
y g t i t i i
t t
T h ou h a p ul l es t dow n th e T e m pl e a
nd in th ree da
ys bui ld t it es , s a
ve th y s elf, if
 1 60 T h e Gospel accor di ng to th e H ebrew s .

He calle d h im s el f S on o f God : l e t h im
c om e d ow n a
nd w a lk about l e t God s av e h i m , .
’

*
59 Ma
. tt . x x vu . Sa
y i n
g
‘
Woe u n to u s Wh at h ath be en d o n e
aft er v . 54 .

th ou a
rt S on of God, a
nd c om e dow n from th e cros s .
’
In l k e i w i se a
l so th e ch e f i
p i t
r es s m ock i ng, w it h th e s cr ib es and e l de r s , s id
a ‘
t
O h er s h e s a
v ed , i
h m s elf h e
a
c nn o t s a
ve . He is [ s o edi tors n ow re d ] Ki ng
a of Is rael ! L e t h i m com e d ow n

n ow fr om th e cr os s , a
nd w e w ill b l i
He h ath trus t e d on God : l et
e ev e on h im .

Hi m del i v er h im n o w if He d es r e or h e s a i th h im —f
id th at I am Son of Go d
My s uppos e d fra g m e n t i s t a k en fr o m t w o p a s s ag e s i n w h ic h J u s ti n r e fe r s to th e

fi
ful l m en t o f Ps x x ii 7 8 i n th e e v e n t s a
. . t th e C r uci x i on
, , Th e rs t
pa ss age fi . fi
is A nd a g ai n w h e n He s a it h T h e
y p s a k e w i th lip s t h e
y wa g g ed h ea d sa
y , ,

i ny Let h i m d eli ver h i m self Th a t all of w h i ch th i ngs w ere done by th e J ew s

’

fi
.

t o C h r i s t y e ca n l ea rn For w h en h e h a . d be en cr uci e d t h ey t ur n ed o ut t h e i r
l i ps a nd w a t i a a i e t h i m th a t ra i s e d up d e a e n d e l i v er h i m
“
gg e d h e r h e d s s y ng L d m
ou 7 a ciI/ o v v r a
,

em
‘
e éa a e x obs dy e e f a
”
e iM ) Ka d
’
l é
’
s el f ( g O '
x eI g Icecp h s A y ou r e s V p y p s
'
r
p ,

p va d c e w éa v r dv — A p ol i 3 8 T h e s econd .
p assa.
g e is — .
‘
A nd a
‘

s to w h a t
fol low s —All th ey w h o beh eld m e th ey th rus t out n os tri ls a t me a nd s a
p k e w i th lip s ,

th ey w a gg ed h ea d H e h o ed on th e Lord
p let Hi m d e li v er h i m s i n ce He des i r eth ,

h im — h e for e t ol d th e h a ppe ni ng of th e s a m e th i ngs i n l i k e m a nn er to h i m For

fi
.

t h os e w h o beh eld h i m cruci e d both w agged h eads each of th em and t urn ed ap ar t

th ei r l i ps and w ith th e ir nos tri ls sn e eri ng [ sl ep a I/ T GS s i c : I w o ul d re a d Bl a ,

a ng t h em s el v es s a i d i n i rony t h es e t h i ngs w h i ch a re a s o w r itt e n

p w o iiz/ T e s
] m o l ,

i n th e m e m oi rs of h i s Ap os tl es He ca ll ed h i m s el f Son o f God l e t h i m com e d ow n

ra a
,

bout l et Go d s a
”
and w a lk a e oV e i w y e v b e um r a Ica
’
l
’

,
v e h im ( g A y p u ii e V r ol s f

‘
b/w a airrofiy e y panr ai 6 éa a'r a
’ ’ ’
d r op v nnov e m 7 53V ,
l r 6 60 vrb eAe y e z/
' '
Ir

Bds w e
pm ar e tr w , ow o
‘
d rw' -
aim bu 5 —D ial . 1 01 .

Ju s ti ’
n s l oose n es s of q tati
uo on from th e O ld T e s tam t en is v e ry c on s p cuous , i
and h ere w e h av e a n ex a m pl e of it Th e S e n v e s o n of th e Ps a l m s w h i ch.
p tua
gi t r i ,

he wa s q uoti ng h a s Al l th ey th a
,
t beh eld m e p ut out n os tri l a t m e sp a k e w i th lip s , ,

wa gg ed h e a d : H e h op ed on th e Lor d let Hi m d el i v er h i m let Hi m s a ve h i m s in ce , , ,

He desireth h i m In n eit h er p a ss age does J us ti n cit e t h i s corr e ct ly i n th e form er

’

j
,
,

a sa e th e m i s q uot ati on i s v er b ad i n d ee d A n d it i s t o m y m i nd u s t a s pro

p s g y .

ba bl e a s n ot th a t th e w ords w h i ch I h av e strung t ogeth er as a fr agm ent ar e a

l i k e m i s quota ti on from th e canon i cal Gospel s .

S up pos i ng t h em to be t a k e n fr om s ome l os t Gos p el I sh ould n ot r ega

.

r d th e ,

additi ona l w or ds e x pres s i ng t h e cont e m p t uous fa ce p ul li ng of t h e by s t a n de r s a

‘

any p a r t of th e quot a ti on J usti n h as aw ay of s uppl e m en ti ng th e can on i cal

fi
.

na rr a ti v e w ith detai ls illus trati ng th e ful l m en t of proph ecy He n ev er appeal s .

to a ny a uth ority for th ese d e t a il s and I l ook on th e m as only pl aus i bl e gu ess es of ,

h i s ow n w h i ch it Woul d n ot be d i fficul t to p a
,
ra l lel out of R en a n or Fa rra r a nd ,

w h i ch h e d i d n o t i n t en d to p a l m off on th e rea der a s s ta t em en ts of S cr ip t ur e any

m or e t h a n th e
y o d .

After a v er s e corr es pon di ng to M a tt x x v u 5 4 Luk e x x iii 4 8 pr oce eds . .

, .

An d a l l th e p eopl e t h a t c am e toge th er to th at s igh t w h e n th ey h ad beh eld ,

wha t h ad be en don e s m o t e th eir br eas ts and r eturn e d

, .
’

T h e C uretoni a n Sy r i a c r ea ds w ere s m iti ng up on t h e ir br ea st a nd sa i n

y g
“
Woe unto us ! Wh at i s t h i s ! Woe unt o us from our s i ns !
? ”
1 62 T h e Gospel accor di ng to th e Hebr ew s .

Th e e v il on e i s th e te m pte r .

G iv e n ot apr e tex t to th e e vil on e .

d i —et qua
cen e t ero s i v e q ui s p ers ona
m figur a
r i t S a
l v ator i s s i v e i n m em ori am ad ,

c v er um s it h oc quod di ctum e st
dux eri t a — a ut e m i p s e S a lv a Q ui iux ta
“
it a tor
me es t i ux ta gua
m i es t ; qui l onge am e l onge aregno
es t

i
D dy m us i
(d ed 3 9 6 A D . .
) i n Ps 8 8 , 8 . Wh er efor s ait h th e Sa
v i our
“
He th at
and h e t h at i s far fr om m e i s far from th e k i ngdom
”
is a m e i s n ea
ne r r th e fi re

a
,

ea
‘
( bib
¢ n alu 5 2 00
t
‘
0 6 77 1 3 y o u 67 b 7 0 6 v bs 5 t a
u p
k
5‘
w
c dr r oii p ak pc w dab ,
’ ’

7 53 B am h e las
T h e fa ct of t h i s s a i
y gn b ei n fo un d i n O i n i i n f a
v o ur of i ts con n ex i on w ith
g r ge s

th e Gos p el a ccordi n g to th e Hebr e w s but th e t erm s i n w h i ch h e refe rs to it a

‘

re
,

a ga i ns t th i s suppos iti on unles s h e h ad forgott en w h er e h e r ead it D idy m us m ay .

ha
v e borr ow ed it f romOr ge n i
a
.

ti Hom l es , ii iii 5 5 —T ols

'
Cl em e n ne .
’
t 5 (De bs n e tpdfe t,
i
o o/ue um s ai 57 1

y pac al
p Aey ov o w é cpn
’ ’ c
O w ov n
pbs a'r w ’
s 5 w e zpd§w u
’
—5 Ka a
l -
im bu w e tpda as , And,
t
to h os e w ho h t i nk th at G d o t em pt s as , th e S cr p ures i t s a
y h e sai d “
Th e ev il on e

i s th e t - t em p er h im w h t m pt d
o e e e v en .
’

Th a uth f S up
e a tu a l R ligi
or o d f m th am G ern k Th il r e on r en ers ro e s e ree e ev

i th t m pt h a t m pt d h i m lf a th ay i g f J u Th i i ’
on e s el e er , w o so e e se s e s n o es s . s s

on e m i t a f h i t i u ly bad h l a hi p ab bu t a bu ul d b
ore ns n ce o s n o or o s sc o rs : r no
’
irr wo e

requi d t m ak h i d i g p i bl A th Cl m ti H m i li
re o e s r en u er n os s e. s e e en ne o es w e re n

d ubt dly
o itt ith ut b ath i g h i l m t m ak th
e wr en w o ay h ag re n s, e s w e co e o e e nece s s r c n e,

but I d ub t h th th d
o i l a a ably b ai d t h a t mpt d h i m lf :
w e er e ev c n r e s on e s o ve e e se

th ph a t t mpt
’
e r se lf d ot u i eth N T on e s e o e s n o occ r n e .

1 C m ti
l “
H m i lie i 2
en— é p) ne
‘
Mi; 85 pbpa
o a hes , x x .
'
c 1 7 6 1r < w e

sai d & P aul (Eph i 2 7 ) h a a at paal l l A d d t gi ag u d t

c .
’
. v . s n ex c r e ,
‘
n o no ve ro n o

th d i l a ly t b b l i d th at th auth f th H m i l i hi h a
’
e I iev . t s s c rce o e e ev e e or o e o es, w c re

wr itt agai t Paul h ul d h a i ad t tly qu t d h i

en ns ,
d a th
s of ve n v er e n o e s w or s s ose o

J esus .

L O N D O N : P R IN T E D BY

S PO T T IS ‘
VO O D E AN D N EW-ST R EE T S Q UA R E
A ND PA R L IAM E NT STR EE T
 B Y THE S AM E WRITE R .

Will be publish ed i n Ja
n ua
ry 1 8 8 0,

A C O M M E N T ARY
ON T HE

G O S P E L A C C O R D IN G T O M A T T H E W .

tay h i h
T h i s Com m en r , w c has tak m y a i p pen a ti
a i t
soh fi t ( ief i t e rs n re r on , s e rs

fi d fa u ) f a i
n f C
vo r o s er e s o o m m t ai th
en G p l ad A t
r e s on hi h a m a t e os e s n c s, w c re e n

t b m
o em pl t i m att
ore co e e n ers o f t t ual iti i m t a l ati a d i l lu t ati th a
ex cr c s ,
r ns on , n s r on n

ay y t publi h d i E gl i h ad t b f f m th i m pl i ati f ay d gm ati c

o a ti —
n e s e n n s , n o e so ree ro e c on o n o

r d gm a
n ti v i ato c ew s s o b qually a ptabl t ad f th m t pp it
e e cce e o re ers o e os o os e

religi u b li fso s e e .

La
tely publish ed ,
c ro w n 8v o . l
c oth 3 s 6d . .

T HE R IGH T S OF AN A NI M A L .

A NEW ES SAY IN ET HI C S .

With Ex tracts fr o m th e W itings of JOHN

r LAWRE NC E

Ha
s th e adv ant a tti t ith ut ti on th at m a t
ggera
a ’
ge of s e d u y to h i s
ng for h , w o ex ,
n s

i
n e gh bour e x e nds to th e low er a t
n ma l s , ev en o os e w h ch p os s e s s onl y th e s l gh es t i t th i i t
ca p a
c y fo it
r feel ng pl ea s ur e or
p an i If h e co ul d n d uc e c l e rgy m en a nd o h er i . i t
tea ch ers of m ora l y to s h ow gn ora n it
p eopl e h ow n eedful i t i s to s udy th e w a i nts of t t
a
ll th e l iv ng i be i ngs th y h a e ve in th i e r ch a
rge he w ould ha
v e don e m uch for th e

ld —
,

ha
’
ppi ness of th e w or .A A C D EM Y.

Mr Ni ch ol son k eeps h is a
. d v oca ni m a
cy of a ls
’
r igh t s w ell w ith i n cer t ai n li m its of
com m on s en s e T h e ex t ra
ct s from L aw re nce are i t ti
n er e s ng add iti on s to a
th i —e
.

q ai t ad i m pl
u n n s e es s y on th i s
a bra
nc h of e cs .
’
1s n Q UAR T ER LY REV IEW .

‘
A w e igh ty l ittl e b ook , to w h i ch w e de s i t da
re o r w
p ar ti cul a
r att e n ti on We .

cl ergy t h a t th ey m ay w ork i ts
urge th e a p urch a
n d p er us a
l of th e
se book on th e ,

t eri al i nto s erm ons and lectures and

ma , s o s p re a
d i ts te ach i ng w i dely th rough out th e
coun ry t .
—CEUE CH
’
T IM ES .

As l ogi ca
l an d s en s bl e i n pros e as h e i s gra
cefull y or gina i
l a
nd fa nc full
y ender i i t
i n poe ry tIf Mr N ch ol s on s ow n re am en of th e
.
’
. i
ues on w er e not s o w el l t t t q ti
w or th y h eedful atten ti on a s it i s w e sh oul d com m en d th e b ook to p ubl i c ccept a
a n ce

th es e not es and ex t racts —

,

for th e s a
ke of DAILY T ELE GR APH .
’
.

‘
A v y aluabl
er v e h it s or
y and s t at m t e en of aq ues ti on th at w e do not prop erly
unders t ad —E N
n .
’
1) 1 BU R GH DAIL Y Em Ew .

‘
In s upport of h is v i ew s he ha
s cer tai ly
n b rough t forw a
rd argum ent s w h i c h

id ati and i th row n aw ay upon

'

des erv e con s er on , w h ch i t i s to be h op ed, w i l l not be

—
,

th os e to w h om h is es s a
y is e sp e c i al ly (s ic ) a
ddre s sed
’
F1 EL D . .
 ‘
In fac t ,
t
bo h th e Es sa
y a
nd th e Append a i
i m as a k i nd ofx a
re such a
s to cl ,

ri gh t th at th y h
,
e s oul d be s t udi ed ca r efully Th e y t oge th er form on e of th e a
.
bl es t
additi to k
on s w or s on th e cl a i m s of ani m al s to be k i ndly treat ed w e h av e seen si nce '

th lae t Si A t h u
e r r r Help s s ’
w ork .
- LAND AN D
’
WATER .

s rea
Ha son ed out th i s j
sub ect w ith som e c reful n ess , a a
nd , we th i nk , s ucc es s.
’

LIT ER A RY WORLD .

Ch a
rac er t i t t
by grea h ough ful nes s , often by s r k ng or g na
s ed l y, and by a t ti i i i it
th orough i n dep en den ce of m n d i
T h e gr ea p o n i n regard to such s ub ec s a
. s t i t j t
th e one befor e us i s to get p eopl e i
s er ous ly to th i nk of th em . Th i s Mr Ni ch ol s on
.

w i ll d o w h er ev er h i s book m a y b e re ad . He h as th erefore don e a s erv i ce both to

, ,

n y, a
h um a nd to th e li v n g naure
it i t th at i s not h um anity Th e ex tracts i n th e
—
.

App end x a dm ira

re a i
bl e
’
NONOO NPORM IST . .

Mu h a bi lit y ad l gi ca
c l f Th i at
n o f h a lt h y mm
orce . ere s on e o e co on s en s e

ad a a
n b n f fa l ti m t ab ut th
s e nce o ay se h i h ma
s en k it a a enlly a luabl o e e ss w c e re v e

t i buti t th l it atu f th ubj t -SCO M

,
’
con r on o e er re o e s ec . TS AN .

O i gi a h aat itt i a ig al m a ad ith a igi al tyl i

‘
l i
r n n c r c er, w r en n n or n nner , n w n or n s e

o f it s V y ay
ow n . y p i q ua t a d ery t ll
r i gc i t
,
h l i
v er f a gu m t n ,
n v er e n s e ne o r en

t ak ; it i by fa th b t b k f p
en s
“
r ti f u l ty t ai m al
e es oo k ;or rev e n on o cr e o n s
”
we n ow

f a m u h h i gh t h a th S i ty m at t at pl ai g th
ll -
’
o f uco rs e o d c er or er n e oc e s we e n r c s, c n e

s ubj t ab ad fi m
ec on i d bai i l lu t ati g it i afa m
ro er , r er , w ff ti
er, ad s s, s r n n r or e e ec ve n

re al a w
y a d v y d
,
i t l y l
n i m iti g it
er by t h i gh t
s cre e -U M n o er r s .
’
N IVE R SIT Y AGAZ INE .

C r ow n 8 v o . c oth l ,
4 3 6d . .

T HE C H R I S T C HIL D , -

AND O T HER P OEMS .

V e ry ba a
d v ers erti fi cial a nd a ffect ed i n la
nguage crude a n d obs cur e i n i dea , .

Per son s th us ch ri s t ene d m a y be pred es t i n ed to m a k e t h em s elv es r i di cul ous .

re rubbi sh pur e a
v er se s a n d s i m pl e from begi nn i ng to e n d
,
-WORL D , .
’
.

‘
No p i e ce w h i ch doe s not p os s e s s s om e gr ce or a t endern ess , or touch of fa
nc
y or

of h um our Pr ov e s th e pr es ence m ongs t

a us of am an of tu r e p oe ti l feeli ng
a
c
—
.

an d cul ure t .
’
ACAD EMY .

‘
Am ong th e wr it ers of v ers e he w oul d have a
n unusua l pros p ect of di s ti ncti on .

Wh at ev er styl e Mr . i
N ch ol son ch ooses to em p l oy h e us es w ith gra ce and s k i ll .
’

SPECT AT O R .

‘
Far m or e or i gi n l ity
Mr Ni ch ol son s Th e Ch ri s t-Ch i ld
a is s h ow n i n Hi s .
' “

p r eface i s a m od el o f g oo d s ens e W e t h i nk h e h a
s fai rl y e s ti m t
a ed h i s ow n
pow er s
j
.

q
.

He s eem s to be uit e a w a re w h a t th e m aority of poe t s are n ot aw are of th at to t ak e

, , ,

a ny ra nk a s ap oe t i n th e s e da l i fe m us t be d edi ca ted to th e Mus es

’
s
y , .

WES T MIN STER REV IEW .

O K EGAN
. PAU L OO .
,
1 Pa
te rn os ter S qu
a re, Lon don
 N IN ET EENT H C ENT U RY .

A M oatk éy R ev iew .

EDIT ED BY JA M ES K N O WL ES .

Pn c e 25 . 6d .

V O LS . I . II . PRIC E 1 45 . EAC H, V O L III

. . 1 7A , C O NT AIN C O NT RIB UT IO NS
BY T HE FO LL O WIN G WRIT ERS

RABBI HERMAN N AD LER . R EV M A LC O L M MAC C O LL

. .

T HE D UK E OF A RG YL L. R EV A H M A C K O N O C HIE
. . . .

A RT H UR A R N O LD . .
C A RD IN AL MAN N IN G .

M AT T HEW A R NO LD . R EV D R MA RT IN EA U
. . .

R EV D R GEO RGE PERC BAD GER , D C L

. . Y . . . HIS HIGHNESS M ID HAT PA S HA .

R EV C AN O N BA RR
. Y . PRO FESSO R HEN RY MO RL EY .

DR . H . C HA R LT ON BAST IAN . RIGHT HO N . L YO N PL AYFA IR , M . P

.

S IR T . BAZ L EY , M P . . M R GEO RGE PO T T ER

. .

M R ED GA R BOWRIN G
. . W . R . S . RALST O N .

M R T HO M AS BRASSEY , M
. . P . U
V IS C O N T S T RA T FO R D DE R ED C LIFFE .

R EV .
J . BAL D WIN BR O WN . PR O FE SSO R C R O O M R O BERT S O N .

PR O FES SO R GEO RGE V O N B N S EN U . R EV J G IN N ES S RO GER S

. . U .

DR . W . B . C A R PEN T ER . PR O FES S O R R US KIN .

PR O FESSO R C LIFFO R D .

PR O FESSO R C O LV IN .

R EV . R . W . D AL E . L O R D S E LBO R N E .

M r ED WA RD D IC EY
. . PRO FES SO R GO L D WIN S M IT H .

M E G R AN T D U FF, M P
. . . .
JA M ES S PED D IN G .

A R C HIBAL D FO R BES . R IG HT HO N JA M ES .
S T A N S FELD , MP
Y U
. .

JA M E S A N T HO N FR O D E .
S IR JA M ES FIT Z JA M ES S T EPHEN
HO N W
.

T HE R IGHT . . E . GL AD ST O N E, A L FR ED T EN N Y SO N .

M P . . PRO FES S O R T N D A L L Y .

T HE BIS HO P OF GLO UC E ST E R A N D S IR JU L IUS V O GEL .

BRIST O L . S IR T HO M A S WAT SO N , M D
M r W R GR EG
.

WA RD
.

. . . . DR . .

M R FR ED ERIC HA R RIS O N
. . M R FR ED E R IC K
.
WED M O R E .

M R GEO RGE J HO LYO A K E

. . . T HE V E R Y R EV . T HE D EA N OF WEST ‘
«

M r R H HU T T O N
. . . . M IN ST E R .

PR O FES S O R HUX L EY . M AJO R -GEN . S IR GA R NET WO L SELEY

HEN RY
.

IR V IN G . T HE R IG HT HO N . C HAS . WO RD SWO RT H
S IR JO HN L U BBO CK .
 L on don .

A LI ST OF

”
KEGAN PA U L
’
C . CO S .

PU BL IC A T IO N S .

A BD UL L A (Ha éa y )
zf — A U T O BIO GRA PHY O F A M A LA Y M UN SHI
'

T ra
ns .

te d by J T T HO MSO N F K G S With Ph oto lith ograph Page of Abdullas

la .
l.
’
, . . .

MS Po s t 8 V O p ri ce
. .

A D AM S (A . L .
) M A . .
, M E , ER S . .
, EGS . .
—
FIEL O AN D FO REST
R AM BL ES O F A N A T R ALIST U IN N EW BR N SWIC K U . With No t es a
nd
O b s erv a on s on th e N aura ti
l H t it s o ry o f Ea na
s ern C a da t . Illus t at d
r e . 8v o .

p i
r ce

A D A M S (F O ) E R O S .
— T HE HIST O RY O F J APA N
.
’

. rlie s t
From th e Ea
P i d t th Pr
er o t T i m N Ed itio i d 2 e e se n e . ew on , re v s e . v olum e s . With M aps
a d Pla
n D my S p i ah
n s. e YO . r ce 2 1 5 . e c .

A K H
. . 13 — A S C O T C H C O MM U N IO N SUND A Y to
. .
, w are adde d
h i ch
C ta i Di u
er n f m a U i ity C ity By th
sco rse s ro n v ers . e A uth f Th or o e
R ti
a e cref aC t y Pa S
on s od Ed iti C o un r rso n .
’
ec on on . row nS p i s VO . r ce r .

FRO M A Q U IET PLAC E A N ew V olum e of Serm ons . . .

C row n 8 v o cl oth . .

A LB E R T (M ary)
— HO LLA N D .
'

AN D HER HERO ES TO T HE YEA R 1 8

5 5 .

A n Ada p a on fro m t ti ‘
M otl ey ’
s R i se Of th e D u t ch R ep ubl i c .
’
Sm a
ll c ro w n
8 v o pr ce 45 6d
. i . .

A L LE N (R ev . R .
) M A —A BRAHA M ; HIS L IFE T IM ES A N D T RAV ELS
.
, , ,

y e rs a a
g o . With M ap S d Ed iti P t 8 Q p i
. e co n on . os V . r ce

A L LE N ( Grant) D A . . PHY S IO L O GIC A L fEST HET IC S La

- rge p o s t 8 v o
9 9 . . .

A N D E R S ON (R ev . MA — NEW R EADIN GS O F O LD PA R A BLES

. .

i
D em y 8 v o p r . ce

C HU R C H T HO U GHT A N D C HU RC H WO RK Edite d by Se c o n d Edition . . .

D my 8 e p i 7 61 vo . r ce s . 6 .

T HE C U R AT E O F SHYR E Se c ond Edi tio n 8 v o pri c e 6d . . . .

A N D E R S ON ( R O JC E — T A BL ES FO R FAC IL IT AT IN G T HE C A L C U LA
. . .

T IO N O F E RY D A IL IN C O N NEC T O N WIT H EA RT HEN A N

VE M S O N RY ET I D A

D AM S R ya l 8 p i £2 2 o vo r ce 3

a
. . . .

A R CHE R ( T/ zom a s
)— A B O U T M Y F A T HERS BU S INES S W ork m i d st
’
.
-

th S i k th S a
e d a d th S
c ,
i g C n SY p i 5
e , n e orrow n . row O . r ce s.

A RN OLD (A r i / l ur ) —SOC IAL PO LIT IC S D em y 8 v o cl oth . . .

4 A L is t o f
B A GE H O T Wa er —T HE EN GL IS H C O N ST IT U T IO N A N e w Ed t ii
( Z t ) ~
. on ,
R i d ad C
e v se t d ith a I t du t y D i tati n
n orre c e , w n n ro c or s se r o on Re c e n t Ch a
n es
g
ad E t
n C 8 p i
v en s 7 6d . row n vo . r ce s . .

L O M BA R D ST R EET . A D escr pt i i on of th e M o n ey M a
rke t . Se ve n th
Ed iti on . C row n 8 v o p r . i ce 7s 6a.
’
.

S O M E A RT IC LES ON T HE D EPR EC IAT IO N OF S ILV ER, AND T O PIC S

C O NN ECT ED WIT H IT . D em y 8 v c p r . i ce 5s .

a i us e s a
Ca i
'

BA G O T (A l iz
) -A C C ID EN T S IN M IN ES The r nd Prev e nt on .

C row 8 v o p r ce 6s
n i
—
. .

BA K E R (S zr S fiers torz, B a HA LLEC K S NT ERN AT IO NAL LAW I

'
’
rt ) . o r,
R ul es Regula t ng th e In e rcourse o f S aes i n Pe a i
ce an d Wa r A N ew Ed t tt . iti on ,
i
re v s ed , w it t
h N o es a nd C a se s 2 v ols D e m y 8 v o p r c e 3 8s i . . . .

B AL D W I N a
( p j
C t H ) E Z S B e n g a l S t
.af C or p s —. T HE L A R G E
. A N D . .

S MALL GAM E O F BEN GA L A N T HE N O R H- W ST RN PRO IN C S O F D T E E V E

IN D IA 4t With um u Illu t ati
. o. S d Ed iti P i n
2 I e ro s s r on s . e con on . r ce s .

BAR NE S —AN O UT LIN E O F ENGLISH S PEEC HCR A FT C row n .

8 i
v o.
p 4 r ce s

—
.

BA R TL E Y ( G C T ) D O M ES.T IC E C O N O M. Y T h r i ft i
. n E v e ry
-D a y L i fe .

Ta ugh t i D ia l gu uit a bl f
n h i ld f a ll a g
o Sm a ll Ces s8 p i e or c ren o es. r. v o. r ce 2 s .

B A UR (Fe r di n a n d ) D r Pi t P r f
o e sso r i n M a u l br o rzfl — A PHILO LO GIC A L
.
, .

IN RO D UC T IO N T O GREEK A N
T L AT IN FO R S T U NT T a la t d ad D DE S . r ns e n
a da
p t d f m e t h G m a roB y C K EG A N P A U L M A e O a d th
er n . .
, . . x on . , n e

R E D S O N E M A la
ev . . t F ll . f K i g C ll g
T Ca m b i dg
, ad . .
, e e ow o n
’
s o e e, r e, n
A i ta t M at
ss s a
n t Et C 8 p i
s er 6 on . ro w n v o. r ce s.

BA YN E S (R ev C a rt o n R —
[ O AT T HE C O M M U N IO N T IM E
. A Ma nua
. l I .

f H ly C m m u i
or o With ap fa by th Righ t R
o n on th L d Bi h p f
. re ce e ev . e or s o o
D y a d Ra
e rr ph nC l th p i I 6d oe . o r ce s.

—
.
,

B E CK E R ( B ern ard 17 ) T H E S C IEN T IFIC S O C IET IES OF LO N D O N .

C ro w n 8 v o p r i ce 5 s.

—S
.

B E L LIN GHA M em y ) B ar r i ster -

a La
(If t- w O C IA L A S PECT S O F GA T HO
L ICIS M PR O T EST A N T IS M IN T HE IR C IV IL BEA R IN G
AND PO N N A T IO N S U .

T ran sl ae d and ada t

p ed from th e Fre n ch o f M l e Ba ron d e Ha ul le v i lle t h . . Wit
ap reface by His Em n en ce C ard na l Ma nn n g C ro w n 8 v o p r ce 6s i i i . i .

B EN N JE (Rea j N ) M . . A .
—T HE ET ER N A L L IFE . S erm on s preach ed
d ur i ng th e la
s tt w e lv e y ea
rs . C ro w n 8 v o p r . i ce 6s .

BE RN AR D (B ay le) — S A M U EL L O V E R H IS , L IFE AN D U N PU BLIS HED

WO RK S In 2 v ols With aS te e l Po rtrait Pos SYO p r t i ce z l s

—
. . . . .

B IS C OE (A . C .
) T H EA RLS O F M ID D L ET O N , Lo rds o f C l erm on t
E .
a
nd
of Fe tt e rc a
irn , and th e M iddle to n Fa
m i ly C ro w n 8 v o p ri c e 1 0 s 6d . . . .

B IS S E T ( A .
) -HIS T O R Y OF T HE ST R U GGLE FO R PA R LIA M ENT A R Y
GO V E R N M EN T IN EN G LA N D . 2 v o ls . D em y 8v o pr . i c e 2 45 .

B LA N C H
( )—MC HO L ERA How T O A V O ID A N D T R EA T IT
D . : .

P p la ad P ati a
o u l N t
r C 8 n p i 4 6d r c c o es . ro w n vo . r ce s . .

B OA WI CK
T
ER GS — PY RA M ID FA CT S A ND FA N C IES C row n 8 v o . . . . .

p i 5
r ce s.

EGY PT IAN BELIEF AN D MOD ERN T HO UGHT Large Pos t 8 v o cl oth . .

,
p i 6
r ce 1 0 s . d .
 6 . A l L i s t of "
.

~
BR O N EW ( R ev M E — U N T IL T HE D AY D AWN. . . Four A dv en
L e c ture s C ro w n 8 v o p ri ce 2 s 6d
A
. . . .

B UR CK HA RD T ( [ a cot — E C IV ILIZ T IO N O F T HE PERIO D

) T H O F T HE
REN AISSA NC E IN IT A L Y . A u h or t i s ed t ti on
a a
r n sl , by S . G C . . M iddle m ore .

2 v ols . D em y 8 v o p r . i c e 2 4s .

‘
—
B URTO N (M rs R i c/ a ) T HE I N N ER L IFE O F S Y R IA PA L EST IN E A N D
. l rd , ,
H H Y L N
T E With M ap Ph t g aph a d C l u d Plat
OL A D . l s, o o r s, n o o re es . 2 v o s.
S d Ed iti
e co n D my 8 p i 4 on . e v o. r ce 2 5 .

'

BU R T O N ( C a
p t R i ck ar d F )— T H E G O LD. M IN E S O F M ID IA N A N D T H E
RU N M I A ED C A F t igh t T
ID I N IT E i N th W t A abia IT IES . or n
’
s . our n or e s e rn r .

With m u i ll t ati on S e d Ed iti

nu e ro D my 8 s p i 8 us r s. con on . e v o. r ce 1 s.

. CA R L IS L E (A D ) B A —R O U N D T HE WO R L D IN 8 7
. . A V olum e of . . 1 0 .

T a l ith M ap N ad C h ap Editi
r v e s, w D my 8 p i 6 s ew n e er on . e vo . r ce s.

CA R N E ( Mi s s E T —
.

. T HE R EA LM O F T R U T H C ro w n 8 v o pric e 5s 6d
. . . .

CA R PE N TE R W ) B LL D M D -T HE PR IN C IPLES . . .
,
F M N
O L PHY E Y With th i A p pli a
TA ti t th T a m i g ad
S IO LO G . e r c on s o e r n n
D i i pl isc f th M i d a d th S t dy f i t M bi d C
ne o d itie Ill t a td n ,
n e u o s or on on s . us r e .

F th Ed iti
o ur 8 p i on . vo . r ce 1 z s .

C HILD R EN S T O YS a n d s om e El e m e n ta ry L e s so n s in Ge n era l K n ow le dge

’ ‘

h i h th y T ah
w c With Ill t ati
e C 8 e
p i 5 c . us r on s . row n vo . r ce s.

CHR IS T OPHE R S ON fie La Henry ) M

( T te R ev ; A .

S ER M O N S . With an I ntroduc tion by J oh n Ra

e , LL D . .
, FS A. . .

S e cond S e r i C n 8 esp i 6. row v o. r ce s.

CL OD D (E dw a rd
) E R A S T E C H ILD HO O D O F T HE — H WO RLD : a
S i m ple A c coun t of M a
n i n Earl i T h i rd E d iti C ro w n 8v o
”

y T m es on . . .

p ri ce g3 s .

A S p ec ial Editi on fo r S ch ools Pr i ce Is

HC H
. .

T E R EL IGION S
ILD HO O D O F I n clud ing aSim pl e A c c oun t of th e
a
.

Bi rth a
n d Grow th o f M y th s id T h ous a
“
n d L e e nd s Th nd C row n 8 vo
g . r . .

pr i ce 5s .

A S p ec i al Editi on for S ch ool s . Pr i ce Is . 6d .

C OL ER ID GE ara—PHA N T A S M IO N A Fairy T a
le With an Intro
( S ) . .

d uctory Pr e face by th e R gh Hon L ord C ol er dge , i t . i o f O tt y S t M ay A

er . r .

iti t t i
, ,

N e w Ed on Illus rae d C row n 8 v o p r c e 7s 6d

. . . . .

M EM OIR L ETT ER S SA RA C O LER ID GE i

Ed te d by h e r D a
ug
'

AN D OF h ter .

With In d e x 2 v ols W h T w o Por ra s

t it T h i d Editi R i d a d
. . it . r on , ev s e n
t
C o rre c ed
‘
C row n 8 v o p r ce 2 4s
. . i '

iti
C h ea p E d it o n W t it
h 0 e Poir ra Pr ce 7 s . . .

C OLLIN S (R ev R ) M A — M IS S IO N A RY ENT ERPR IS E IN T HE EA ST

. . . .

With p i al f S y i a C h i ti a f Mala b a a d th R ult

‘

e tb th
‘

s ec re e ren c e r n r s ns o r, n e es s
f M d o Mi i o With F u Illu t ati
e rn C 8 p i 6
s s on s . o r s r on s . ro w n vo . r ce s.

C O OK E ( P rof f P ) of tlze Ha rv a.r d Uni v er s iy

t.
— SC IEN T IFIC C U LT U R E
. . .

C 8 p i
ro w n I vo . r ce s.

C O OPE R (T . T ) E R G S E T HE — M ISHM EE HILLS : a

n
'

A c c ount of a
J m
ourney ad e i n an A
'
tt em p t to Pe n e t at r e i t f m A am
T h be ro ss , to op e n N ew
t
Rou e s for C o m m erce . S econd Ed iti on. With F u Illu t ati o r s r ons nd Ma
a p .

t
Pos 8 v o p r ce Ids 6d . i . .
 C K ega
n Pa
’
ul (3 Co
°
. . s 7

Y (L zeaA-Col A r fl mr )
’

.
—3-T HE EA ST ERN M ENACE 5 oR,
’

S HADOWS OF
C O M IN G EV ENT S . C row n 8v o p r i 5 . ce s.

C OX (R ev S i r George . W) M A rt —
Ba A HIST O R Y O F GR EEC E FR O M T HE
EA R L IEST PER IO D T o T HE EN D O F T HE PE R S IA N WA R . 2 v ols . D em y 8v o .

p r ce 3i6s .

T HE M YT HO LO GY O F T HE A RYA N NAT IO N S . 2 vols . D em y 8 v o .

pr i ce 2 8s .

A GEN ERA L HIST O RY O F GR EEC E

FR O M T HE EAR L IEST PER IO D T O T HE
X
D EA T H O F A L E A N D ER T HE GR EAT , w h ask e ch o f th e s ubs e uen H s ory it t q t it
to th e p re se n me C ro w n 8 v o p r ce 7 s 6d t ti . . i . .

T AL ES OF AN C IENT GR EEC E . Th id r Ed t on: ii Sm a

ll crow n 8v o .

pr i ce 6s .

S C HO O L HIST O R Y OF GR EECE . With Map s . Fcp 8 vo p riCe 3 s 6d

,
. . .

T HE G REAT PER S IA N WA R FR O M HIST ORY O F HERO D O T US

'

T HE .

N e w Ed iti on Fcp 8 v o p ri ce 3 s 6a
'
. . . . .

A M A N UA L M Y T HO LO GY FO R M O F Q UEST IO N A N SWER
‘

OF IN T HE AN D .

Th i
rd Ed iti on . Fcp 8v o p ri ce. .

C OX (R ev S am u eZ )
. S A L V AT O R M U N D I o r,
Is C h r s t th e —
S a
v i i ou r of a
ll
a M en ? Fi fth Editi on C row n 8 v o p r i ce 5s . . .

CR OM P T ON (Hen ry
) I N D U ST RIAL C O N C ILIAT IO N . . Fca
p . 8v o .

p i
r ce 2 s .
,
‘
6d .

C UR WEN (Lfem y ) -SO RROW A N D SO N G ; Studie s Of Literary Struggl e

i
H y M i g —N a li —A l a d —H é d Bal a -Edga A lla
.

e nr P tOfi Ir er ov s ex n er e on or e z c? r n
P —A d e C h e i
oe 2 l n 8 n
p i I 5 r n er . vo s . crow v o. r ce s.

D A N CE (R ev C D )—R EC O LL EC T IO N S O F FO U R YEA R S IN V EN EZ UELA

. . . .

With T h Illu t ati a d aMap C 8 re ep i 7 6d s r o ns n . row n v o. r ce s. .

D A VID S ON (R ev . Sam uel ) D D . .

,
LL D . . T HE N EW T EST AM EN T ,
T RA N SLAT E D FR O M T HE L AT ES T GR EE K T E T X OF T ISC HEN D O RF . A N ew
a
nd th orough ly r ev se d i Ed iti on . Pos 8 v o p r cet . i 10 s . 6d .

C AN O N OF T HE BIBLE Its Fo rm a t on , i n d Fluc tua

History , a tion s .

S econ d Ed iti on . ll crow n 8 v o p ri ce 5s

Sm a . .

D A VJE S a (—G M O.U N T A IN M E AD O W

C/ zn sf p/ zer )
A N D M E R E : a S e ri es , ,
f O td
O Sk t h u f Sp t S oo r y A d t a d N
e ca t al Hi t yes o or ,
c e n er ,
v e n ure s , n ur s or

With S i t Ill t ati by B x ee n th W Ha u t C 8

us r p i 6 on s o s w or . rco r . ro w n vo . r ce s.

(R e a f L ) M A —T H E O L O G
.Y A N D M. O R A L IT Y . E ss a
y s o n .
-
.
'

Qu ti f B li f a d P ati
es on s o C 8 p i 7 e6 d e n r c ce . row n v o. r ce s. .

D A WS ON ( G a) M A —PR A Y ER S WIT H A D ISC O U R S E O N PR AYER

e ,
.
,
.

tEd it d by h i Wi f Fi fth Ed iti

e C 8 és e . on . row n v o. s.

SER M O N S O N D IS PU T ED PO IN T S A N D S PEC IA L O C CA S IO N S Edite d by .

h i Wi f s S d Ed iti e. C 8 p i 6 ec on on . row n v o. r ce s.

S ERM O N S O N D A IL Y L IFE A N D D U T Y Edi te d by h i s Wife S e c on d . .

Editi C 8 p i on.6 row n v o. r ce s.

D E LE S S E P S — T HE SU EZ C A N AE 7 L e tters D e sc rip tiv e o f

‘
“
‘

i t Ri ad P g
s i 8 54- 8 56
se T a la
n t d b y N R D A N VE R D m y
ro re ss n 1 1 .
v r ns e . .
’
S . e

8 p i vo 6d . r ce 1 0 s . .
4
8 A L is t o f
D E R E D CLIFFE ( Vi s count S traf )
t o rd P C , K G , G C B . . . . .
—
WH Y AM I
A C HR IST IA N ? Fi fth Ed iti on C row n 8 v o pri ce 3s . . .

D E S PR E Z ) —
(P/Dzzlzfi S
j
'
. BD . . AN IEL A ND J O HN . D em y 8 v o . l
c oth .

DE T O C Q UE VIL LE (A )—C . O RR ES PO N D EN C E AN D C O N V ER SAT IO N S

O F, W IT H N A SSA U WILLIAM S EN IO R , fro m 1 83 4 to 1 8 59 Ed ite d by .

M C M S IM PSO N
. . . . 2 v ols .
p os t8v o pr ce 2 1 s . i .

( Edw ard) L L D . .
—SH K A S PER E : aC ritica
l Study of h is Min d
and A rt Th id
iti r Ed on P t 8 p i
os v o. r ce I 2 s .

—
. .

S T U D IES IN L IT ER AT U RE ,
1 8
7 9 877 1 . La
r e Po st 8 v o
g . pric e 1 zs .

D RE W R
( ev . G S ) M . . A —SC R IPT UR E L AN D S IN C O N N EC T IO N WIT H
T HEIR HIST O R Y . S e con d Ed ion it . 8v o p r . i ce 1 os . 6d .

NAZ A R ET H IT S LIFE AND LESSO NS . T h rd Ed t on i ii . C row n 8 v o .

pr i ce 5s .

T HE D IV IN E K INGD O M ON EA RT H AS IT IS IN HEAVEN . 8v o .

pr i ce 1 0 s . 6d .

T HE S O N OF MAN Hi s L fe i a
n d Mini s try . C row n 8 v o . pric e 7 s 6d . .

D R E WR Y ( G . O)M . D .
—
TH E C O MM O N-SEN S E M A NAGEM EN T O F T HE
S T O M AC H . Fourth Ed iti on . Fcp 8 v o p ri ce
. . 2s . 6d .

D R E WR Y ( G M D , and B A R TLE T T (H C ) P fiD
. . . . .
, E s a .

C UP A N D PLAT T ER : or, N ote s on Food a

n d i ts Effe c ts . Sm a
ll 8 v o .

p r ci
e 2 s . 6d .

E D EN (Fredm bé )—T HE N ILE WIT HO U T A D RAGOMAN . Se c ond Ed t on ii .

C row n 8 v o p r ce 7 s 6d . i . .

E L S D ALE
i
(Henry
H T UD IES IN T EN N Y SO N
’
S I D Y LLS . C row n 8 v o .

p r ce 5 s.

ESSAYS O N T HE EN D OWM EN T Writers OF RES EA RC H By V a

r ou s i
—Mak Patti B D —Jam S C tt B A -C h al
. .

'
L t f C t ié ut
D C L — —
zs o on r ors . r so n , . . es . o on , . . r es

E A p pl t A h i ba ld H S a M A H C l i ft S by
M A —H y
e on , rc e nr

F R S —T h m a K C h yn M A —W T T h i lt n D y
.
y y . . . . ce, . . on or ,

o s . e e, se o e r, en r
S qua
. . . . . . . . .

N ttl h ip M A
e es n 8 p i
, 10 6d . . re crow v o. r ce s . .

E VA N S (M a rk
) —
T H E ST O R Y O F O U R FA T HER S L O V E told to C h ildre n
r
’
, .

b i g aN w a
e n nd C h a p Ed iti o n W it
e h F u Illu t ti
a F p 8 p i e er . o r s r on s . c . vo . r ce
'
Is . 6a .

A BO O K OF C O MM O N PR A Y ER AND WO R S HIP FO R HO U SEHO LD U SE

co m p il e d ex cl us v e ly i from th e Ho ly S c i ptu Fp 8
r p i 2 6d re s . c . vo . r ce s. .

T HE GO S PEL OF HO M E L IFE . C row n 8 v o c loth pri c e 4 s 6d .

, . .

E X -CJ VILIAN —L IFE IN T HE M O FU SS IL : or C ivilian Life i n Low e

Benga
l . 2 v ol s . Lag pos 8 v o pr
r e t i 14 . ce s.

FA VR E (M ons j ) . .
—
TH E GO VERN MENT O F T HE NAT IO N AL D EFEN C E .

From th e 3 oth J un e to th e 3 Ist O ctobe r, 1 8 70 . T ra ted by H C LARK

nsla . .

D emy 8 v o p r ce . i 10s . 6d .
IO A L is i o f
G) , , . R N . . CB . C M .G -; M EM O IR O F . .
,
w ith Ex t ra ct s fro m h i s L e tt e rs a nd Jo urn a ls Ed it e d by h i s Wi dow With
q
. .

S te e l Engrav ed Po rtra it S uare 8 v o cloth 5s . .

, .

Also aL i bra r
y Editi on w ith M a p s Wo o d cut s a nd S te e l Engra
v e d Po rt rait .

q
, ,

S ua re
p os t 8 v o p ri ce 1 4s . .

G O OD M A N ( W) C U BA , T HE PEA RL O F T HE A N T ILLES . C row n 8 v o .

p ce
r i 7s 641 . .

G O OL D (R ev S B a ri ng M A
) T H.E V IC A R .
— OF M O RWEN ST OW: aM em oir
of th e R e v R S Ha w k er With Po rtrait . . . . . Th i d Ed
r iti on , re v s ed i . S q a
u re
t
p os 8 v o
10 6d . s. .

GR A N VILLE (A B ) M D —
F R S E a A U T O BIO GRA PHY o r A B
. .
, . .
,
v
. .

GRA N V LL E &I Ed it d With a B i f A

,
u t f th C lud i g c . e ,
r e c co n o e on c n

Y a f h i L i f by h i y u g t D a
e rs O ugh t
s Paul i a B G a i ll
e, 2 l s o n es e r, n . r nv e . v o s.

With aP t ait S d Ed iti

or r D my 8 p i 3 2. econ on . e vo. r ce s .

GR E Y (f ofin) of D i ls fon M EM O IR S By J O S EPHIN E E BU T LER . . . .

N a d R i d Editi
ew n C 8 p i 3
e v se 6 d on . ro w n vo . r ce s . .

GR IFFITH (R ev T ) A M —ST U D IES O F T HE D IV IN E M A ST ER

. D em y . . .

8 p i
v o. z r ce 1 s.

GR IFFITHS ( Ca p t A r t/ zar ) —M EM O R IAL S O F M IL L BA N K A N D C HAP T E R S ,

IN P IS O N H ST O R Y
R With Illu t ati by R G ff a d th A uth
I 2 l . s r on s . o n e or. v o s.

p t 8 os
p i zl v o. r ce s.

GR IM L E Y (R ev H IV) M A P rof ess or of M atfiem a

. ti es i n Me Un i oers i zy . .
,
‘

'
C ollege of Wales and s om eti m e C/ za
p l ai n f
o T r em ad oc Cfinr e/ z
,
.

Y O N T HE SPIR IT UAL BO DY T HE U N S EEN

T R EMA D O C S ER M O N S , C HIEFL .

,
WO RLD A N H D IV IN HUM AN IT Y S,
d Ed iti C D T8 p i 6 E E . ec on on . ro w n v o. r ce s.

IN E R (M L )—ST U D IES O F BLAST FU R NA CE PHEN O M ENA T ra

GR L . ns .

lat d by L D B GO RDO N F
e F G S D my 8
.
p i 7 6d . .
, . . . e vo . r ce s. .

G UR N E Y (R ea A r efier —WO R D S FA IT H M i s s i on
) . OF A ND C HEER . A
of In s t u ti r c on a
nd S ugge s ti on . . C row n 8 v o p r . i ce 6s .

HA E CK E L (P r of HIST O R Y T ran sla i

'
. E r ns t) -
T HE OF C R EAT IO N t on .

i
by Pro fes sor E R AY L A N K EST ER , M A ,
re v s e d . . . F R S With C oloure d Pla
. .tes .

an d Ge n e a l T ree s o f th e v a
l ogi ca r o us group s o f bo h p l a
n i t t s a nim a
nd a ls .

2 V ols S e con d Ed on
. t Pos 8 v o cl o h , p r ce 3 2 s iti . . t i .

T HE HIST O R Y O F T HE EVO LU T IO N OF MA N . With n um e ro s u Illustra

ti 2
on s .l P t 8 v o s. os v o.

Egm orl i )—PA R IS O R IGIN AL S ,

‘

HA R E (A . w ith T w en ty Etc h ing s, by

LEO N R IC H ET O N . La
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HAL L E C K S I N T ERN AT IO N A L LAW 5 or Rules R egulating th e I nter

’
,
u co f Sta t i P a a d Wa A N Editi
rs e o i d ith N t a d
es n e ce n r . ew o n , re v s e , w o es n
Ca by S i S H R ST O N BA K
s es , Bat l D my 8
r p i 38 E ER , r . 2 vo s . e vo . r ce s.

HA R C O UR T ( Ca p t A F P ) — T HE S HA K ES P EAR E A R GO S Y C
.o ntai n in g . . .

m u h f th c a lth f S h a
O k p a Wi d m a d Wi t alph ab ti ally a ag d
e w e o es e re s
’
s o n , e c rr n e
a d la i fi d C
n c 8 ss p i 6 e . ro w n vo . r ce s.
 C . K egan Pa
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II

HA WE IS (R ev H R) M A . . .
—
C U R R EN T C O IN . Mae r a
t i li s m —The
D il evC im D u k n r e r n en e ss Pap i m u er s Em o ti on R e crea on ti The
Sa
bba th T h i d Editi C . r on . ro w n 8 p i v o. r ce 6s .

S PEEC H IN S EA SO N . Fourth Edition . C row n 8 v o . p ric e 9 s .

T HO U GHT S FO R T HE T IM ES . Eleve nth Ed t on ii . C row n 8 v o prIc e 7 s 6d . . .

U N S ECT A R IAN FA M IL Y PRA Y ER S for M orni ng a n d Ev e n n g fo r a i

We ek w ith sh o r t sel ec ed t p a
s s a
ges from th e B ble i . S e cond Ed iti on .
q
,

S a u re crow n 8v o p r . i ce 3 s 6d . .

A R R OWS IN T HE A IR . C on fere n c e s n d Pl e a
a s . C row n 8 v o . l
c oth .

HA YM A N ( H ) late Head M as i er of R ugby S e/ zool .

—R U GBY
SCHO O L S ER M O N S W h an In roduc . it t t ory Es s a
y on th e In d w e lli g f th
n o e
Holy S p r i it
C row n 8 v o p r c e 7 s 6d. . i . .

HE LL WA LD (B aron F Von ) .
—THE R U S S IA N S IN C EN T R AL A S IA .

A Cr iti c a
l Ex a
m i ati d
n o n, ow n to th e Pres e n t T im e , of th e Ge ogra ph y and
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r T ran slae d by . t L i ut -
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LL B . . With M ap . Lag p os 8 v o p r ce
r e t . i 1zs .

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Y
ES SA S O N T HE L AW O F H M AN L IFE, A N D O N T HE R EL AT IO N S BET WEEN U
O R GAN IC A N D IN O RGAN IC WO R LD S S e co nd Ed on C row n 8 c . iti . .

p r cie 3 s 6d . .

PHYS IO LO GY FO R PR AC T IC A L U SE . By Va
r ous i Writers . With
5o Illus t ati
r o ns . 2 v ols . S e c on d Ed iti on . C ro w n 8 v o p r . i ce 1 2 s . 6a ’
.

A N AT LA S OF D IS EAS ES O F T HE M EM BRANA T Y M PAN I . With D escrip

ti ve T ex t . Pos 8 v o p r t . i £6 6 ce . s.

T HE Q U EST IO N S OF A U RAL S U R GER Y . With Illus tration s . 2 v ols .

t
Pos 8 v o pri ce .
£6 . 6s .

L IFE AND LET T ER S . i

E d te d by EL L IC E HO PK IN S Wl th an ,
Intro
duc ti on by S i r W W G L L , Ba r . . U t . and Po r t ait
r en gr v e d on a S t ee l by C . H .

JEEN S . C row n 8 v o p r ce 8s 6d . i . .

C HAPT ER S O N T HE A RT OF T HIN K IN G, and o th e r Es sa

ys C row n 8 v o
—
. .

H f C T HE AR T O F FU R N IS HIN G A Po p ula r T re a t se . i on th e
i i
Pr n c pl e s O f Furn i s h i n g, b a
se d o n th e L aw s o f C o m m on S e n s e , R e qi u re m e n t
an d P c ures it q ue Effe c t . Sm a
ll cr o w n 8v o p r . i ce 3 s 6d
. .
,

H OL R O YD M
( jaor W R . M )—T A S -HIL
. UL K ALA M ; o r, Hin dusta
ni
ma
d e Ea
sy . C ro w n 8 v o p r . i ce 5s .

H O OPE R (M ano—L IT T L E D IN N ER S How S ER V E WIT H

’

: To T HEM
EL EGA N C E AND EC O N O M Y . Th it r e en th Ed iti on . C ro w n 8v o p r . i ce
5 s.

C O O K ER Y FO R I N VA L ID S ,
PER SO N S OF D EL IC AT E D IGES T IO N, AND
C HIL D R EN . C row n 8 v o p r . i ce 3 s. 6d .

EV ER Y -D AY M EAL S . Be in g E c on o m c i al an d Wh l o e som e R ec ip es for

k fa
Brea s , L un ch eon , a t
n d S upp e r . S e con d Ed iti on . C ro w n 8v o . cl o th , p r cei 5 s.

H OPK IN S (E llzee)— L IFE A N D LET T ER S O F J A M ES HIN T O N ith an

’
‘ ‘

, w
Int ro ducti o n by S ir W W GU LL Ba
rt a
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or r e ngr v e d a on S t eel by
H JEEN S C row n 8 v o p ri ce 8 s 6d
C . . .
'
. . .

H OPK IN S (M —T HE PO RT O F R EFU GE , o r, C oun se l a

nd A id to Sh ip
mas te rs i n D i fficulty D oubt, o r D i s tres s , . S e con d and R ev i s ed Ed iti on .

C ro w n 8 v o p r . i ce 6s .
12 A L is t o f
H OR N E M A .
—REA SO N AN D R EV ELAT IO N : an Exa
m ination
i t
n o th e N aure t and t t
C o n en s o f S CIi pture R e v ela on , ti as com pa
re d w ith th o er
Fo rm s of T ruth . D e m y 8 v o p r ce 1 z s . i .

H OR N E R ( T fie Mi ss es ) . W K
- A L S IN FLO R EN C E A N ew nd th oro gh y . a u l
R ev i se d Ed iti on . 2 v ols C row n 8 v o C lo h l m p W h Illus ra o ns t i it t ti
—
. . . .

VOL I C h urch e s, S re e s, a n d Pa lace s Pr ce 1 0 s 6dt t i

—
. . . . .

i
V O L 11 . . Publ c Ga ller e s an d M us e um s Pr c e 5s i . i .

H UL L (E dm und C P ) — T HE IN I N D IA
. . With aM e dical EU R O PEA N .

G id f u A gl -
e I di aor By R S M IR M D
n o n nsTh i d. . . A ,
. .
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Ed iti R i d ad C
on , t d P t8 pi 6
ev s e n o rre c e . os v o. r ce s.

H U O (j
T T N a m es
) —M IS S IO NA R Y LIFE IN T HE SO U T HERN SEAS W i th .

Illu t a ti s r C 8ons .
p i 7 6d ro w n vo . r ce s . .

[ A C K S O N ( T G )— M O D E R N G O T H IC A
. R C H IT E C T U R E C r o w n 8 v o . .

p i 5 r ce s.

j A C O B M
( j a -Gen S i r G L e G ra n d ) . C B — W E S T E R N
. I N D IA . .

B FO E A N D D U IN G T HE M U
RE N IES Pi tu d a
R f m Lif S d TI . c res r wn ro e . e con
Ed iti C 8
on .
p i 7 6dro w n vo. r ce s . .

j E N R I N
'
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. O N D (j ) E s os — A L E GAL H A N D B O O K FO R . .

A C H T C S BU LD ERS A N D BUIL IN G O WN ER S d Ed iti R i d

'
R I E T , S
I , D . econ on , e v se .

C 8
row n
p i 6 vo . r ce s .

j E N K I N S (R eo R C ) M A — . T H E P R IV I
.L E GE O F P.ET E R an d t h e C la i m s .

f th R m a C h u h
o e o f t d ith th S i p tu
n th
rc C u i l ad th
con ron e w e cr res , e o nc s, n e
T ti m es y f th P p on th m l o Fa p 8 pei 3 6od es e s e v es . c . v o. r ce s . .

j E N N I N G S ( M r s Va n g/ za n )— R A H E L :
. H ER L IF E A N D L E T T E R S W i th .

aP t ait f m th Pai ti g by D a
or r ro fii g S q ua p t 8 e p i 7 n 6d n n er . re os vo . r ce s. .

n e —
j ON S (L - y ) PU D D IN GS A ND SWEET S ; being T h ree Hun dre d a
E nd
S i ty fi Rx ipt app d by p i
ve ece C 8s
p i 2 6d rov e ex e r en c e . row n v o. r ce s. .

R A UFM A N N (R ev M ) B A —S O C IALISM : Its N a ture i ts D a n gers a

'
. . nd .
, ,
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s e id d C e 8
e s cons
p i 7 6d e re . ro w n v o. r ce s . .

KE RN E R (D r A ) P ro fes s or of .B otany i n tlze U.n i v er s i t

y f
o Inns bruck .

FL O WE R S A N D T HE IR U N BID D EN GUE ST S T ran sl ation edited by W O GL E,

q
. .

M A , M E With Illust ra
. . .tions S uare 8v o cloth
. . . .

K ID D (j os e p/ z) M D —T HE LAWS . OF T HERA PEU T IC S or, th e Sc enc e i

a
nd A rt Of M e di ci ne C ro w n 8 v o pr i ce 6s
—T H
. . .

K IN A HA N ( of H M Geologi ca
’
G If en ry )
. s l S urv ey E
G EO LO G Y IR E LA N D , w h
OF it n um e ro us Illus t ati
r ons n d aGeo logi ca
a l Ma
p of
Ireland . S ua q
re 8 v o c lo h . t .

K IN G (A l iee) —A C L U S T ER O F L IV ES C ro w n 8 v o pri c e 7 s 6d . . . .

K IN GS L E Y ( C/ al s ) M A — L ET T ER S A N D M EM O R IES O F HIS L IFE

z r e . .

Ed it d b y h i W F eWith T St l E g a d P t ait a d Ill t ati

s I E . w o ee n r ve or r s, n us r on s
W d a d a Fa im i l f h i Ha d iti g T h i t th Editi
on oo ,
n l cs e o s n wr n . r ee n on . 2 vo s .

D my 8 p i
e 36 vo . r ce s .

A LL SA IN T S
’
D AY, a
nd o th e r S e rm on s . i
Ed te d by th e R e v . W .

HA R R ISO N iti . S ec on d Ed on . C row n 8 v o p r c e 7 s 6d . i . .

T R U E WO R D S FO R BRA VE M EN A Bo ok for Sold ie s and Sa

ilors
’ ’
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L i b ai p i
~

C n 8
r r es . row v o. r ce 2 s . 6d .
 I4 .
I x A L i s t of

M A CN A UGH T (R eo j obn)—C CENA D O M IN I . An Es sa

y on t h e L ord
’
s
S upp er, i ts Pr m v e Ins i iti tituti o n, A p os t oli c U s es , a
nd S ubse q uen t Hi st ory .

D em y 8 v o p r ce 1 4s i
—T H
. .

M A IR (R . S .
) M D FO R A N GL O FR C S E . E M ED ICA L GU ID E ~

IN D IAN S Be ng aC om p e n d um o f A dv ce to Europ ea
. i
n s i n Ind a , rela ng i i i ti
to th e Pre s erv a on a n d R egul a on o f He a l h W h aS up ple m en on th e
ti ti t . it t
Ma na g e m e n o f C h ld re n In In d a S etcon d E d on C ro w i
n 8 v o l m p cl o h , i . iti . . i t
i
p r ce 3 s 6d . .

M AN N IN G (Hi s E m i nente Cardi nal) ESSA Y S ON R ELIGIO N AND

U i 1 0 6d ari ous Writ ers i i D em y 8 v o pr
'
L IT E RA T RE . By v . Th rd S er e s . . ce s. .

T HE I ND EPEN D EN C E O F T HE HO LY S EE With an App endix c onta in .

i g th Pa
n p a
l A ll uti aed a t a la ti C n 8 p i 5 oc on n r ns on . row vo . r ce s.

T HE T R U E ST O R Y O F T HE V AT ICAN C O U N C IL C row n 8 v o pri c e 5s . . .

M R R IO T T (M a
A j - Ge n W F ) C S I —A G R A MM A R O F P O L IT
. IC A L . . . .

EC O N O M Y C 8 p i 6 . row n vo . r ce s .

M A UGHA N ( W C —T HE A LPS O F A R A BIA ; o r T ra vels th rough Egypt

.
, ,
Si a i A abia a d th H ly Lad With Map S d Editi
n ,
r , D my n e o n . . e con on . e

8 v o p ri c e 5s
. .

M A UR ICE ( C E ) —
L IV ES OF EN GL IS H PO PU LA R LEAD ER S NO I
—T Y LER
. . . . .

S T EPHEN L A N GT O N C row n 8 v o p r ce 7 s 6d . . i . . No . 2 .
, BAL L , an d
O LD C AST LE C row n 8 v o p r c e 7 s 6d . . i . .

M A Z Z IN I (f p )/ -3 A M e m o ir By E A V T w o Ph otogra
ph i
'

ose z . . . . c
Por t ait
r s . S e cond Ed iti on. C ro w n 8 v o p r . i ce 5s .

M ED LE Y ( L i eut -Col . .
f G .
) R E . .
-
AN A U T UMN T O UR IN T HE U N IT ED
S T AT ES AN D C A NA D A . C row n 8 v o p r . i ce 5s .

M I CK L E TH WA ITE T ) BS A M O D ERN PA R IS H C HU RC HES —

The i r Pla
n , D e s gn , i n d Furn iture
a C row n 8 v o p ri ce 7 s 6d . . . .

M ILL E R (E dw ard ) -T HE HIS T O RY AND D O C T R IN ES OF I RV IN GISM ;

o r, th e so -c a
l le d C ah o l t i c and A po s t lio c C h urch . 2 v ols . Lag p t 8 r e os vo .

p r c e i
2 5 s .

—
M IL N E ( j a ) T A BLES O F EX C HAN GE for th e C onv ersion of Sterling
m es
M y i t I di a a d C yl
o ne n oCu y a t R
n a t f m 8d t n
3d p n e on rre n c , es ro 1s . . o 2s . . er
R p u ee S d Ed iti . D my 8 C l th p i
e c on £ on . e vo . o ,
r ce 2 . 2s .

M I VA R T (S t G o ge) F R S — . C O N T EM PO R A R Y EVO LUT IO N A n Es sa

e r y on
. . . .

m
so t S i al C h ag
e re ce n P t 8 p i 7 oc6d n es . os c . r ce s . .

M O CK L E R (E —A GRA M M A R O F T HE BA LO O C HEE LA NGU A GE a s it is

'

.
,

p s k io M a
k a en( A i t Gnd i a) i th P i aA a
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r n ad R m a n c en e ro s , n e e rs r c n o n
h aat
c Fa
r
p 8 p i
c e rs .
5 c vo . r ce s.

M OFFA I (R S ) — EC O N O M Y O F C O N S U M PT IO N : aStudy in Politic a

. . l
E my
con o D my 8 p i 8 . e v o. r ce 1 s .

T HE PR IN C IPLES O F A T IM E PO LIC Y b eing an E p osition of a : x

M th d f S ttli g D i p t
e o b t
o Em p l y
e a d Em p l y d i
n
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T i m a d Wa eg by a im p l P
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e s, ith t S e ro c es s o e rc n e r e r, w ou re co urs e
t St i k
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’

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ce nm R i f th at en x c on n n s erv on s o n s o e e v ew s O
b k a d aR
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,
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Va lu a d C t f P du ti
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os
3 6d o ro c on . e v o. r ce s. .
 C K ega
n Pa P ué li ea
’
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°
Co . s tions .
5

M O L TR E (F zel d M
- ars lzal Von )
'

L ET T ER S FR O M R U S SIA — . n sla
T ra te d by
R O BIN A N APIER -C row n 8 v o p r ce 6s . .. i .

M O ORE (R eo . D .
) M A .
—C H R IST AN D HIS C HU R C H . By th e Auth or
i
,

of T h e A ge a
nd th e Gospel , & c
’
. C row n 8 v o p r . ce 3 s 6d
. .

M OR E sp er )—
a U BA L K AN S N ote s io f a V s t to th e ii
(R .
f N D ER ~ T HE .

D iti ts r c of Ph l pp op ol s i n ii i 1 8 7 6 With aMa p ,

an.d Illus t ti
ra on s fro m Ph o t o

gr aph s . C row n 8 v o p r ce 6s . i .

M ORE L L .
—
R ) EU C LID S IM PL IFIED IN M ET HO D A N D LAN GU A GE .

Be ing a M a n ual o f Ge om etry C om p i le d from th e m o s t i m p o rta n t Fre n ch . .

Wor , pp
k s a rov e d b y th e U n i v e rs ity o f Pa
-
ri s an d th e M i n i s t er o f Publ i c

In structi on Fca p 8 v o p ri ce 2 s 6d
. . . . .

M OR S E (E . S .
) P/ l D . .
—
F IR ST BO O K OF Z OO L O G Y . With mi m erons
Illus t ati
r on s . C row n 8 v o p r . i ce 5s .

M US GR A VE (A ntfiony ) —
S U T D IES IN PO LIT IC A L EC O N O M Y . C row n 8 v o .

pr i ce 6s .

N E WM A N (j H ) . D D .
—
. C HA RA C T ER IST IC S FRO M T HE WR IT IN GS O F .

Be i S el e c on s fro
ng ti m hi ai W k s A ag d ith th A th
v r ous or s . rr n e w e u or s
’

p e rs on a
l A pp rov al . T h i d Ed iti r With P t ait C 8 p i 6 on . or r . ro w n v o. r ce s .

A Por t ait
r of th e R ev . D J H N ma m u t d f
r
. . fami g a b h a . d ew n, o n e or r n , c n e
i
p r ce 2 s . 6d .

N I CH O LA S ( T )—T HE PED IGREE O F T HE EN GLIS H PEO PL E . Fifth

Ed iti on . D em y 8 v o p r . i ce 1 6s .

N OB L E (f A .
)—T HE PELIC A N PAPER S . Rem i ni s c e n ces a
nd R em an s i
of aD w eller i n Wi ld ern e ss C row n 8 v o
th e . .
pr i ce 6s .

E) a n d th e ir Ex i s ti n g D e s c e n da
n ts in th e Br t sh ii
NO R MA N PEO PLE (T H ,

D om i n i on s a
nd th e it d St at f A m i a D m y 8
Un e es o er c . e v o.
'

p ri c e zls .

N O I R E GE ( jolzn ) A M —T HE SPIR IT U A L FU N C T IO N OF A PR ES BY T ER
IN T HE CH URC H O F ENG LA N D . C row n 8v o . re d e d
ges , p r i ce 3 s 6d
. .

O M E ARA (
’
K atfi leen )— FR E D E R IC O Z A N A M ,
P ro f e ss o r o f th e S
. o rb onn e
His L i fe an d Wo rk S econd Ed iti on C ro w n 8 v o cl oth . . . .

O R IEN T AL SPO R T IN G M A GA Z IN E
(T HE
) . A R ep r in t of th e fi rs t 5 V ol um e s,
in 2 V olum es . D em y 8 v o p r . i ce 2 8s .

PA R KE R jos ep ll ) D D — T HE PA R A C L ET E An Essa y o n th e .Pe rso n a l i ty

.

a d M i i t y f th H ly Gh t
n n s r ith m f o t u t di u i
e o os , w so e re e re n c e o c rre n sc ss o n s .

S d Ed iti
e c on D my 8 p i 1 on . e vo . r ce zs .

PA R S L OE ( 7 os cp / z) O UR R A ILWA Y S S k e tch e s Hi stori ca l an d .

,
D i pti
e sc r With P ati al I f m ati a t Fa ad Rat
v e. & ad a r c c n or on s o re s n e s, c. , n
Ch a p t R ai l a
y R f
er o n m C 8 p i 6 w e or . ro w n vo . r ce s.

P A R R (Ha rri ) e t — EC HO ES O F A FA M O U S YEA R C row n 8 v o p rIce 8s 6d . . . .

PA U L ( C K e a
g )
n .
—W IL LIA M G O D W IN : HIS FR IEN D S A N D C O N TEM
PO R A R ES With P t ait a d Fa i m i l
I f th Ha d iti g f G d i or r s n cs es o e n wr n o o w n
S qua p t 8
.

a d h i Wi f
n l s p i 2
e 8 . 2 vo s . re os vo . r ce s .

T HE GEN IU S O F C HR IST IA N IT Y U NV EIL ED Being Es sa y s b y W illi a m .

G d Wi p ubl i h d Ed it d ith aP fa by C K ga Paul

'

o b f n n ev e r e ore s e . e ,
w re c e, . e n .

C wn 8 ro p i 7 6d vo . r ce s. .
I6 A L ist o f
PA YN E (P rof .
j . E )—LECT U R ES ON ED UC AT IO N . Pr c e 6d i . e cha .

II . FrObel a n d th e K i n d erga
rt en Sy st em S e cond Ed iti on . .

A V IS IT T o GERM AN SC HOO L S : ELEMENT A R Y SC HO O L S IN GER MA N Y .

N o t es o f aProfes s i on a
l T o ur to i nsp e ct som e o f th e K i n d e rga
rt en s , Pri m ary

S ch ools, Publ c G rl s S ch ool s, a i

n d S c h ool s for T e ch n ca i
l Ins ruc o n i n ’
i t ti
Ha m burgh , Be rl n , D re s d e n , We m ar, Go h a , i
ch , i n th e a
E s en a u um n o f i t i t
1 8 74 W h C r cal D s cuss on s o f th e Gen e ral Pr n c ple s and Prac ce o f
. it iti i i i i ti
i
K n de rga r ens a t
n d o h e r S ch e m es O f El e m en a r
y Educa on C row n 8 v o t t ti . .

p i
r ce 4s 6d . .

a
PE N R I CE (M j j ) B A — A D IC T IO N A R Y A N D GLO SSA R Y O F T HE
. . .

KO- R AN With C o p i ous Gram m ati cal Reference s an d Explan ati on s of th e

.

T ex t .
4 to p r . i ce z l s .

P E R CE VA L —T A MIL PRO V ERBS WIT H T HEIR ENGLIS H

(R eo . P ) .
,
T N RA A N C ta
SL i i g p ad f S i T h ad P
T IO . b Th i d on n n u w r s o x ous n rov er s . r

Ed iti D my 8
on . d p i 9 e v o . s ew e , r ce s .

PE S CH E L ( D r O sear
) —T H E R AC ES O F M A N A N D T HEIR GEO GRA PHICAL
.

D BU
IST R I N L ag 8 p i
T IO 9 . r e cro w n vo . r ce s.

P IG G O T (j ) P IS A F GS
R — PE R S IA —
A N C IENT A N D M O D ER N , . . . .

P t 8 os p i 6d
v o. r ce 1 0 s . .

PLA YEA IR (L i eut Her Britannic M a

jesty
’
s Consul Gener a
l in
A lgiers .

T RAV ELS IN T HE FO O T ST EPS OF BR U C E IN A LGER IA AN D T U N IS .

t at d by fa im il f B u
Illus r e igi al D a i g Ph t g aph Map &
cs es o r ce s or
’
n r w n s, o o r s, s, c .

R ya l 4t
o l th b ll d b ad gilt l a
o .
p i
c o 753 3 , ev e e o r s, e v e s, r ce . s.

P O OR (H V ) — M O N EY A N D IT S L AWS
. e m bracing aHi s tory O f M on e ta r
y
Th i & D my 8 p i z l
eor e s c . e vo . r ce s.

P O US H K IN (A S )— R U SS IAN R O M A N C E .T ra
n s l a
t e d fr
.o m th e T a l es .

f B lk i By M a M a ’
o & e J Bu h
n, T lf ( c u .i ff ) C 8 rs . . c n e er n ee o r v e . row n v o.

p i 7 6
r ce d s. .

P O WE R (H ) O U R I N VA L ID S : How S HALL WE EMPLO Y A N D A M U S E

-
T HEM P F p 8 p i 6d c . vo . r ce 2 s . .

PR ES B Y E
T R —U N FO LD IN G S OF C HR IST IA N HO PE A n Es sa y s h e w n g . i
th at D o c r n e c on an e d
th e ti ti i n th e D am natory C lause s o f th e C re ed com
m ouly ca
lled A h a nas an i s Un sc r p t i i tu al r . Sm a
ll c ro w n 8v o p r . i ce 4s 6d
. .

P R I CE
.
( f
P ro . B onamy ) C UR REN C Y AND BA N K IN G . C row n 8v o .

p rIc e 6s .

C HA PT ER S ON PRA C T IC A L PO L IT IC AL EC O N O MY . Be ing th e Substa

nce
of L ec tu re s d el i v e re d b e fo re th e Un i v e rs ity of O xfo rd . Lag p os
r e t 8v o .

pr i ce 1 z s .

PR O C T OR (R i ck ard A ) . B A . .
—
OU R PLAC E A M O NG I N FIN IT IES A .

i
S er e s o f Es s a ys c on t ras ti n g o ur l ittl
b od e i n s p a
a e ce a d ti m
n ith th e w e
Infi ni ti e s aro un d us To w h . ih c are add e d Ess ay s on
‘A s t l gy a d T h
ro o
‘
,
’
n e

Jew sh S a i bb ah ’
T h rd Ed t . i iti on . C row n 8v o pr . i ce 6s .

T HE EX PAN S E OF HEAV EN . A S er ie s Of Es sa
y s on th e Won ders of
th e Fi rm a
m e nt . With aFronti spi e ce . Th i rd Ed iti on . C row n 8v p i ce 6o. r s.
 7 . L i st o f 7 "

S EN I OR W —AL EX IS :D E T O CQ U EV ILL E : Gorres ponde nce

(IV . . .
‘

C a ti
o nv e rs ith N a au W S i f m 8 3 3 t 1 859 Edit d by M C M
on s w ss . e n o r, ro 1 o . . e . . .

S im p 2 ls on L ag p t 8 .
p i z l vo s . r e os v o. r ce s.

J O U RN AL S K EPT IN FR AN C E AN D IT ALY From 1 8 4 8 to 1 8 5 2 With .

a S k t h f th R e c luti f 1 84 8 oEd it d b y h i D a ugh t e M C M ev o on O . e s e r, . . .

S mp I 2 lson . P t 8 p i 24 vo s . os vo . I ce s.

S E Y (
D E r n es t) F S S — T H E FALL IN T HE PR IC E O F S ILV ER Its Ca u s es
qu s a d th i P ibl A ida W
. .
,

it C s o ns e e n ceith S p i al R f ,
t n e r oss e vo n ce , ec e e re n ce o

I dia D m y 8
n . d p i e v o . s ew e , r ce 2 s .

S HA K SPE A R E ( C/ i a r )
l es -SA IN T PA U L A T A T H E N S S p i ri tu a l . . .
”

C h i ti a ity i
r s la tio t m e ap t Of M dé T h ugh t Fi S m
n n re n o so s ec s o rn o . ve er ons

p a h
re d at Sct S t p h
e C h u h W t b u Pa k W t h. a P fa b y th e en s
’
rc , es o rn e r . i
'
re ce e

Re v . Can o n FA R R A R .

S HE L L E Y (L a dy ) — S HE LLEY M EM O R IAL S FR O M AU T HEN T IC S O U R C ES

fi
.

With (n ow rst p ri n te d ) an Ess ay on C h risti an ity by Percy Byssh e S h elley '

.

With Po r t ait
8 v o p r c e 5s
r . T h i I d Ed
”
iti on . C ro w n . i .

H
S IL L IT 0 R ev s e plz — O (
M A N HO O D : i ts D u t e s.
, T e mfiptat o s ,
an d ) W i ’ '

in
Pr v lege s A Bo o k fo r Yo ung Wo m en T h rd Ed o n C ro w n 8 v o p r c e 3 s 6d
i i i iti i
by ) M A —C HU
. . . . . .

S HIPL E Y (R eo Or ST U D IES
. . R C H T R A C I S : O R,
’
IN M O D ERN
PR O BL EMS By v ari ous Writ e rs 2 v ol s C row n 8 c ri ce 5s e ach
.
p . . .

H
.

PR IN C IPLES O FT E FA IT H IN R ELAT IO NT Q SIN T op c s i

i
i n T m es o f R e re a Ele v e n A ddres Se s d e l v e re d t t . i duli ng aR etreat of T h ree
Da y s to Pe rs on s l v n
g In th e Wo rld D em y 8v o i i .

—A
.

S H UT E (R i o/ zard
) M A . D ISC O UR S E O N T R UTHf La
rge p o st 8v o .

p r cei 9s .

S MED LE Y (M B .
—BO A RD IN G-O U T ‘
.
AND PA UPER SC H
'
O O LS FO R GIR L S .

C ro w n 8v o p r . i ce 3 s 6d . .

S M ITH (E dw am ) M ’
D LL B FR S -HEA LT H AN D DISEA SE as ,

l
.

In fl ue n ce d b y th e D aly , S e aso n a, an d o h e r C cl
y i t i c a
l Ch ange s i n th e Hum an
S y s em t A N e w Ed o n. Po s 8 v o p r c e iti . t . i
PR A C T ICA L D IET A R Y FO R FA M IL IES , SC HO O L S , AN D T HE L A BO U R IN G
C LA S S ES . A N e w Ed iti on . Po s t8 vo .
pr i ce 3 s 6d . .

T U BER C U LA R C O N SU M PT IO N IN IT S EA R L Y AND R EM ED IA BL E ST AGES .

S d Ed iti
e c on C 8 on . ro w n vo .
p ce
r i 6s
H
.

S M I T H ( u é er t) -
-T EN T L IFE W IT H EN GL IS H GIPSIES IN N O RWA Y .

With Fi v e full p age Engrav i ngs and T h i rty -0 ne s m alle r Illus t ati
r on s by
Wh y m p er and oth ers and Map o f th e C oun try Sh ow i ng , R ou t e s. T h rd i
Ed iti on . Re v i sed a
nd C o rre c t ed . Po s t8 vo .
p ri c e z ls .

S O M E T IM E IN I R ELA N D . A R ec o lle c tion . C row n 8 v O

’

. p ri c e ’

7 s . 6d .

(A re/ zzé ald j )

o/ zn — T HE FO,L K E S T O N ELL D
R IT U AL . .

C A SE T h e S ub s a
. nce O t f th A gum t d li d b f th Judi i al C m
e r en e v e re e ore e c o
m i tte e o f th e Pr v y C o i un i l b ha
lf f th
c R p d t
on D my 8 e o e es on en s e vo
t i
a
. .

c l o h , p r ce 6s .

S TE PE N S ON (R e W . . F) —HY M N S FOR THE CH

U RC H A ND HO ME .

S el e c t ed b y th e R e v W Fle m ng S te V en sOn
and Ed it ed i ’ ’

. . .

T h e m os c om p l e e Hy m n Book p ubl sh e d t t i
t —
.

T h e Hy m n Book c o n s s s o f T h ree Pa r s I Fo r Publ c orsh p

.
it i W i
II FO I Fa n d Pr v ae Wo rsh
.

i t i i
.

m i ly, a .

p
- II For
I C h ld re n . . .

Publ sh e d In v a i
r o us fo rm s and
p r c es , th e la e r ra n
g ng fro m St! to 6s i i tt i .

L s s a n d full
pa it
r cula rs w ll b e furn sh ed On app li ca on to th e ti i i ti
Publ sh ers i ' -I x .
I
.
 K egan Paul ( Si C o
’
C . . s 19

S TE VE N S ON (R obert :L ouzs )
'
—AN I N ”

LA N D - V O YAGE . With Frontis

pWalte r C rane C ro w n 8 vo p ri ce 7s 6d
i e ce by
’

m es ) M A —SEN SAT IO N A N D I N T U IT IO N
. . . .

S ULL Y (j a . . D em y 8v o .

pr i ce 1 0 s . 6d .
‘

PES S IM IS M : aHis tory a

n d aC ri ti ci sm . D em y 8 v o . pric e 1 4s .

SU PER N A T U RA L IN NAT U R E ( T HE
) . A V er ifi ati c on by Fre e U s e of
Sc i ence . D e m y 8v o p r .
’

i c e 1 4s .

S YME ( D av zrZ )
'
—O UT LIN ES OF AN I N D UST R IAL SC IEN C E . Sec ond
Ed iti on . C 8 p i
Io w n v o. r ce 6s .

TE L FE R (j . B ur/Ian
) F R GS . . .
, Com m an der R N .
-T HE C R IMEA AND
T R A N S C A C ASIA W h num e rous Illus ra on s
U . it t ti nd M a
a ps . S e con d Ed iti on .
2 v ols R oy al 8 v o m ed um 8 v o p r c e 3 6s
. . i i . .

T H OM P S ON (R ev A S . . .
—HO M E WO RD S FO R WA N D ERERS ‘
. A V olum e
of S erm on s C ro w n 8 v o p ri ce 6s
—SO
. . .

T H OM S ON (j . T ur nbul I) C IAL PR O BL EM S ; O R, A N N Q U IR I Y IN T O
T HE LAWS OF INFL UENC E With D iag am . r s . D e m y 8 v o cl o h . t .

TR A HER N E ( Mrs
. . A .
-T HE R O MA N T IC A N NA LS OF A NA VAL
FA M ILY A New a
rid C h ea
p e r Ed iti on . C row n 8v o pr i ce 5s
ad C
. . .

Y (P rof A . .
)— BO K HA RA Its His tory n on quest . S e c on d
Ed iti on . D em y 8 v o p r . i ce 1 8s .

VILL A R I .
—N IC CO LO MAC HIAVELLI A N D HIS T IM ES T rans .

la t d by Li daV i llai
e l Lag p t 8
n r . 2 vo s . r e os vo .

VYN E R (L a a
y M a —
y ) EV ER Y D AY A PO RT IO N
’
r A da pte d f om th e . r
Bi bl a d th P a i t ti t i i W i
,

e y B k n f th P
~
a eD r f h l g
er i d oo or e r v e ev o on s o os e v n n ow

Sq a
,

h d oo C ll t d ad Ed it d by L a
. o dy May V yec e n 8 e r ner. u re c row n vo .

t ap i 5
ex r r ce s.

WA LD S TE IN ( C/ zal ) F/ z D —
,

T HE BALA N C E O F EM OT IO N A N D r es . .

IN E T aIt d t yE a
LL EC T y t th S tu d y f
n P h i l h
n ro
p y C 8 uc or ss o e o os o . ro w n v o.

a
l th
c o

WA L LE R (R e C B —
.

T HEA PO C A LY PS E re vi ew e d un de r th e Ligh t o f
. . .
,
th D t i
e f th e Unf ld i g Ag
oc r n e o a d th R la ti f A ll T h i g D m y o n es, n e e on o n s . e

8 p i
vo r ce 1 z s .

WE S ( C p jo C ) N S
L L a t fi n R — P I.T Z B E R G E N — T HE GAT EWA Y T O T HE .

P YN OL ; aV y a g t
IA S p it b g o r, \V ith u m u Ill t ti
a o b y e o z er en . n e ro s us r on s

Wh ym p ad th a d Map N a d C h a
er n p o E d iti D
ers , m y 8 p i 6 n . ew n e er on . e vo . r ce s.

WE TM O R E ( W S ) —C O MM ER C IAL T E L EGRA PHIC C ODE . S e c on d .

Ed iti P t 4t b ad p

W
on 4 os o o r s, ri ce 2s

HITE (A D LL D —WA RFA RE O F SC IEN C E With Prefa

. . .

. . . tory N o te .

by P f T y da ll
ro essor C 8 p i 3 6d n Io w n vo r ce s.

‘—
. . .

WHI TN E Y (P r of W llza
_

fi S
''
E E ISH GRAMM A R
ml g ) l S S E N T IA L O F N
z GL ,

f th Uor fS h l e C 8 se o p i 3 6 a c oo s . row n vo . r ce s.
’
.

WHITTL E (j: L ) A M —C AT HO LIC ISM A N D T HE V AT IC AN With a . . .

Na a ti f th O ld C ath li C g at-Mu i h S d Editi

rr ve o e
'
C o c on res s n c . e con on . row n

WILBE R FOR CE (H W .
-
T HE C HU R C H AN D T HE EM PIR ES . His
t i al P i d
or cP d er o s. rec e ed by a M e m o i r of th e A u h or b yt J oh n Henry
N ew m a
n, D D . . o f th e O raory t . With Por t ait
r . t
Po s 8v o pri ce . 10s . 6d .

B 2
 20 A L is t o f
WIL K IN S ON ( T
'
. L .
)—S HO R T LEC T U R ES ON T HE L AN D L AWS De
li th W i M en C ollege m C row n 8 v o lim p cl oth
’
d b f v e re e o re e ork ng s .
v , p rIc e 2 s .

IVIL L IA M S
‘
-
(A L aky )
zz .
—
FA M IN ES INI N D IA th e r C aus e s a i
nd Po ss ibl e
Prev e n ti on . T h e Essay fo r th e L e Ba P i s r z e, 1875 D em y 8 v o pr c e 5s
. . i .

W IL LIA M S
'

( Cfias
) —T HE . A R M EN IA N C A M PA IGN . A D iay O f th
r e Ca
m
pa
ign of 1 8 7 i aad K di ta Lag p t 8 p i
7 i n A rm e n 6d n oor s n . r e os vo . i ce 1 0 s . .

WIL L IA M S (R ow a ) l n d D D — L IFE AN D L ET T ER S O F ; w i th Ex tra c ts

. .

f m hi N t -
ro B k s Ed it d by M o e R la d Wi lli a
oo m s With a Ph t
. e
’

rs , ow n s . o o

g pa h i
r P t a cit 2 l l a g p
or r t 8 p i . 2 4 v o s. r e os vo . r ce s .

PSA L M S L IT A N IES C O U N S E LS A N D C O L L EC T S FO R D EV O U T PER S O N S

, , ,
.

Ed it d by h i Wi d
e N a d P pula Editi
s C
ow 8 .
p i 3 6 d ew n o r on . ro w n vo . r ce s . .

S T RA Y T HO UGHT S C O LLEC T ED FR O M T HE WR ITI N GS O F T HE L A T E

R O W LAN WILL IA M S D D D Ed it d by h i Wi d , . . e s ow .

WIL L IS (R ) M D SERVET U S A ND C ALV IN aS tudy of an I m p ortant

'
.
- .

Ep h i th Ealy Hi t y f th R f m a
oc n e ti r 8 p i 6 s or o e e or on . vo . r ce 1 s.

WILL IAM HA R VEY A His tory of th e D isc overy o f th e C irc ulatio n .

f th Bl d
o e ith aP trai t f Ha y aft Faith
oo w D my 8 or l th o rv e er o rn e . e vo . c o .

WI S O (H S
L N Cfi Z t l z
) — S T U D IES A N D R O M A N C ES C row n 8 v o p ri c e 7 s 6d . . . .

WI S O (
L
'
N L i eu t - C o l C T ) — J A M
. ES T HE S E C .O N D A N D T HE D UK E O F
.

B WIC K
ER D my 8 .
p i 1z 6d e vo . r ce s . .

WIN TE R B O T HA M (R a R ) M A B Sa—SERMO N S AN D EX PO S IT IO N S f. I
. . .

C 8
row n p i 7 6d v o. r ce s. .

WOL L S T OIVE CR A FT (M ary )—LETT ERS T O I M LAY N ew Edition .

ith P fat y M m i by C K GAN PAU L auth f Will am G d i Hi

w re or e o r . E , or o I o w n s
F i d ad C t m p ai
r en s n & C on e 8 o r r es,
’
c. ro w n v o.

IVO O D ( C F ) .
— A Y A C HT IN G C R U IS E IN T HE S O U T H S EA S
. W i th s ix .

Ph t g a p h i Illu t a
o o r ti D my 8 c p i 7 6d
s r o ns . e v o. r ce s. .

WR IGH T (R ea D av i d ) M A — WA IT IN G FO R T HE L IGHT A N D O T HER

. .
,
S ER M O N S C 8 .
p i 6 ro w n vo . r ce s.

WYL D (R S ) . .
—T HE PHYS IC S AND T HE PHIL O SOPHY O F T HE
S N S ES ;
E th M tal a d th Ph y i al i th i Mutual R lati
o r, e en Illu t a ntd e s c n e r e on . s r e
b y a l Pla
se v e r t D my 8 p i 6 e s. e vo . r ce 1 s.

YON GE ( C D )— HIST O R Y O F T HE EN GLIS H R EV O LU T ION O F 1 688

. .
.

C 8
ro w n
p i 6 vo . r ce s .

YO UM A N S (E li z aA — AN ES SA Y O N T HE C U LT U RE O F T HE O BSERV IN G
P W O OF C H
ER S R N p ia lly i ti
IL D ith th S tudy of B tay
E , es ec n c o nn e c on w e o n .
~

Ed it d eith N t a d aS up pl m t by J ph Pay
, w o es n A uth f e en , os e ne , or o
L tu ec th S i
re s o n a d A t f Ed u ati e & C
c en c e 8 i 6 d n r o c on ,
’
c ro w n v o. r ce 2 s
p . . .

FIR ST BO O K O F BO T A N Y D e sign ed to C ultiva te th e O b se rvi ng .

P f C h i ld
o w e rs o With 3 0 0 E g ai g N w a d E lag d Editi
re n. n r v n s. e n n r e on
i
.

C 8
ro w n
p 5 vo . r ce s.

YO OM A N S (E dw a rd L
) M D -A C LA S S BO O K O F C HEM IST R Y o n th e
. .
,
Bai f th N
s s o Sy t m eWith 0 Illu t ati
ew Cr s e8 p i 5 . 2 0 s r on s: ow n v o. I ce s.
22

X X I T HE FIV E S EN SES O F M AN By . Prof . ARA M SA , L L D , F R S

. C . Y . . . .

t t i
.

Pro fes s or Be rn s e n , o f th e U n v e rs y ti i it Ea r h S c ulp ure H ll s , V alle y s , .

Of
‘
Ha lle W h 9 1 Illustra on s . it ti . ti
M oun ans , Plan s , R v e rs , L a k es ; i i
S e con d Ed o n C ro w n 8v o p r c e 5s iti . . i . h ow t
h e y w e re Pro d uce d , a n d h ow

XX II T HE T HEO R Y O F S O UN N IT S D I
th ey h av e b e e n D e s ro e d
y t .

H HUX LEY Th e C ra
. '

R EL AT IO N To M U SIC By P f ro e s s or Prof . T . . . fi
y sh
t ti t
.

Pi t Blas e rn ,
e ro a f th R y a
o l U i e o n v er an In ro d uc on to th e S udy o f
S i ty O f R o m e . With um u Illu n e ro s s Z o o logy .

tra ti on s S e con d Ed iti C 8 on . ro w n v o.

T h e R e v A S EC C HI, D lae D t i t
.

J re c o r
i
.
,
. . .

p r ce 5s .
o f th e O bse atOry at R om e . The
XX III S T UD IES IN S EC T RU M A N ALY
. P S a rs t .

By J N m a L k y FR S n er Pro f R f h U i it f
S IS or oc .

J O S EN T HA L o t e n v ers y o
. . . .
.

With t i t ati
. .
,

p h g a
p h Ill Si xf o o r c us r on s o
Erlange n Ge n e ra l P h ys ology i of
S p t a a d um a i g
.
'
u
ec r g ,
n n e ro s en r v n s on
Mus cles a n d N e rv e s ;
W d C 8
oo S d Ed iti ro w n vo. ec o n on .
QU
2

M em bre de
.

Pro f A DE
P i
A T R E FA G ES ,
6 6d
. .

r ce s
Hum an R a
.
.
’
l In s titut . The ce .

Pr of IT HURS T O N T h e S ea m Eng n e ;
’

t i
W C LIFFO R D , M A
. .

Prof . . K IN G D O N _ . .
W h num e rous Engrav i ngs l f
it
T h e Fi Is t Pr n c pl e s o f th e Ex a
c i i t t
i
S c e n ce s e x plan ed to th e N On m a i FRAN C IS GALT O N , F R S . . . Ps ych om e ry .

th em a ca l ti .
J . w J D D ,. F R S U . . . The Law s of

W . B C A R PEN T ER , LL D , F R S
. . . . . . Th e V ol can c A c on i ti .

l Ge ogra
Ph y s ca h
p y o f th e i
S e a .
Pro f F N BA L FO R
. T h e Em b ry o n
. . U . i c

S ir J O HN L BBO C K , Ba
r U t .
,
FR S. . . On Ph a
s e s of A n m a
l L fe i i .

An t s a
n d Be e s .
J . L UY Ph y s c
S, Ho sp i ce d e la i ia n to th e

Prof W T T HIS ELT O N D

'
Y ER , B A Sa
lp é tri ere
-T h e Bra in an d its .

Fun cti on s Wi th Illus tration s

,

. . . . .
,

B Sc . . Form a n d Ha b i n Fl o w it i
e r ng
.
~

‘
.

Plan s t . Dr . C A R L S EM PER A ni m als a n d th e i r .

-

Prof M IC HAEL FO ST E R M D
. Pro , . .
C on d iti o ns o f Ex it
s e n ce .

to plasm a W U RT Z t and i
'

n d th e C e l l T h e o ry Prof A om s th e Atom
“
.
. . c

H . C HA R LT O N BA ST IA N M D F R S , . .
, . . .
t
T h eo ry .

T h e Bra in as an O rgan o f M in d .

. . GEO R GE J . RO M A N ES , ELS . . . An m a
'
l i
P BERT (Pro fe s sor o f Ph y i l s o o gy , Pa r s) i In t llig
e en c e .

AL FRED W BEN N ET T
. .

Form s o f L fe a nd
‘ "
i th o er C o s m ca l i - A . . Ha
ndbdo k oi
C ond on s iti . C ryp oga
m c Bo an
y t i t .

M IL IT A R Y W ORK S .

AN D E R S ON ( Col R P . . .
—
) VIC T O R IE S BL UM E M
( ja LV —
) T HE . .
”

O PE RAT IO N S
A N D D EFEA T S : a n A em p to e x tt t O F T HE GER M A N A R M IES IN FR A N C E,
'

l an th e C auise s w h ch h av e l e d to i fro m S eda n to th e e n d o f _th e Wa r of

p
th é m An O fi
’
i ce r s a
nua
l D em y M 1 8 7 0 -7 1 W h M ap From th e it
q t
. . . . .
‘

rn a H a - ua r e rs S ta fi
'

8 v o prIce 1 4s . .
J o u l s o f th e e d .

T ra n slae d b y th e l ae E M t , J
on e s , t .

A RM Y O F T HE N O R T H GER MAN C O N Ma j 2 o th . F oo ,
P ro f O f M il Hs t . . it .

FED E RAT IO N : a Bri e f D e s cri pti on

’
Sa n d h urs D e m y 8 v o p r c e 9s t .
'

.
i .
‘

Of _i ts O rga ni sati on o f th e D i fl e re n t
' ‘ '
B O GUS L A WS K I ( Ca
pt A w n )
’
—
T AC
Bra
.
, .

nd th e i r r fi
nch es o f th e S erv i é e a le T IC A L D ED UCT I ONS FR O M T HE WA R
i n Wa r o f i ts M od e o f Fi gh ti n g & c OF T ran s la
1 8 70 -1
e d by ; C o l on e l t
'

, , . .

T ra n sl ated from th e C orrecte d Ed iti on ,

. S ir L um l e y Gra ham , Ba r lae 1 8 th t . t
by p e rm s s on o f th e A u h or, b y i i t ( R oy al Ir s h ) R eg m en T h ird Ed i i i t .

rd N ew d gae I D e m y
C o l o n el E d w a i t . tion , R ev s e d a n d C orrec ed D em y i t .

8 v o pr c e 5s .
‘
i . v 8 v o pr . i ce 7 s.
 C R ega m! <5
n Pa .
" .
2 3

BR A CK E N B UR K (L i -Col c LA YM A N N ( Ca T HE FRO N T AL
. eut . .
) .
pt )
M ILIT A R Y HA N D ’
A T T A C K O F IN FA N T R T ra n s lae d Y . t
BO O KS T O R R EGIM ENT A L O FFIC ERS rd N e d i a
b y C ol on el Ed w a
' '

r C row n
’
. .

w g te .

I M l a
. r
y S ki it
e ch ng an d R e c on t i
nas s a i
n c e , by“ L e u - C ol F J Hut i t . . .
’

.
’

N OT E
S C AV A L R T A
ON C T IC S , O RGAN I Y
i
c h s on , a nd
‘

G Ma c Grego r . .
S AT IO N , & c By a C a va lry O ffi
W h I5 Plae s S m all 8 v o clo h ,
it t .
'

. t W h D agram s D em y 8 v o clo h ,
it i
ce r .

t
.

Th e Ele m e n s o f t i
p ce 1 z s .
. .

W
r
by Ma jor lk nso n i i —
m e rous Pl ae s t PA GE ( Ca p t S F ) DISC IPL INE A N D
a
. . .

iti
.

BRIA L M ON T ( Col —
) H Y IN . A . AST
D R IL L C h e p er Ed on
8 v o p r ce Is
.

i
C row n .

t d by ;Li ut
T a la
. .

T REN C HM EN T S "
r ns e e
Ch a rl es A Em p
.

R A With s on ,
.

PUBLIC S CHO O LBO Y th V lu t th : e o n e er, e

Mi liti a
m a a d th R gula S ld i
. . .

N i n e _Plae s D my 8 - i 6
n, n e e r o e r.
t .
.
_ p e vo
.
r ce ' s.
C 8
ro w n l th p i s vo . c o ,
r ce r.

CLE R Y ( C C ézp f -M IN O R T AC T ICS

R US S E I L ( M a F a -RU SSIAN
. . .

k S
W h 2 6 Map s an d P lan s T h rd an d
it . i WA
j
W I H T U RK EY PA S
or r n .

re v sed iEd i o n D em y 8 v o c lo h , ti . . t P NT
RS
With M ap S
AN
d
T ,
, T D

i
p r ce 1 63 Editi
RESE . s . e co n

p i 6 f
.

C 8
on ro w n v o. r ce r.
D U VE R N OJS ( Col v a
n V er a
y)
’
—
S CHE L L (M a j
.

T HE O PER AT IO N S
U
S T D IES IN L EA D IN G T R O O PS An
O F T HE FIR ST A R M GE N
.

YU
t i
au h or s ed and ac curae T ran sl atIo n b y t GO EREN
N D ER
'

T r nsl ae d by C 0 1 a t
.

Wi t
VON
i t t
L eu e na n H J T Hi ld ya rd , 7 Is t . . .
'

C H v Ori r gh FOur Ma
. .

Fo o t tPa r s I a
. nd II D em y 8 v o . . .
.

d e m y 8 v O p r ce
.
ps
i
.

p i
.

r ce 7 s.

GOE TZ E a A O — T HE O PER AT IO N S O F T HE FIRST A R M Y

C
( p t 710 n ) PER AT IO N S . .
UN D ER G EN VON S T E IN M ET Z .

O F T HE GE R M A N EN G IN EER S D U R
.

IN G T HE WA R O F 1 8 7 0 1 Publ sh e d i T ran slae d b

y Ca t
p an E O Hollis t ti . . .

b y A u h o r y , n d in at c co rd an ce wit a
h
.

it D e m y 8 v o p r ce 1 0 3 6d . i . .

O ffic a i
l D ocum en s T ra n slae d fro m t t S CHE L L E N D O RF (M a j or -Gm B v a n) . .

U
.

th e Germ a n by C o l on e l G Gra ha m, T HE D T IES O F T HE G ENERA L

t
.

V C , C B, W h 6 ' la r e
‘
it S T A FF T ra n s lae d fro m th e Ge rm an
g
.

by L eu ena i t t
. .

n Ha
. .

i V ol I
’

D em y
'
Ma p s D e m y 8 v o p r ce d ”: re . . .

t
. .

8 v o cl o h , 1 0 s 6d . .

HA RRIS ON (L ze ut ”Col R ) T HE
S CHER FF (M / 7/ 0 7 ) —S T II a W i
. .

O FFICER
’
s M EM ORAN D U M BO O K FO R D IE S IN . .

PEA C E AN D WA R S ec o n d Ed iti on
T HE N EW IN FAN T R T AC T IC S Y .

O blong 3 2 m o roa
’
n ; e las
.

ti c band an d
.

Pa r s I a t
n d II T ra nsl ae d fro m th e
. . t
G e rm an by C o l one l L um ley Gra ha
.

m
p e i
n c l, p r ce 3 s 6d i . .

D e m y 8 v o p r ce 7 s 6d . i . .
.

S HA D WE LL (M a j -Gen ) C B — M O U N . .

Y
.

A RM C O R PS T A IN WA R FA R E te d by th e
OF
Illus tra
.
\
, .

Ca
m agn i f 7 99 i S it la d
B i g a T al a
o 1 n n
p w z er .

e n ti O Of th S i r ns n e w ss

Na a ti e m piled Tr m th W k f
rr v co
‘
o e or s o
T ACT ICA L .
I Th e A
.
th A h duk
e rc ad e n
Ba tta li On, 1 p ri ce V ol H T h e . .
o th Al
e rs f N t by G al so o o es en e r
Re g m e n a i t
n d Br g de, p r ce 1 9 5 6d i a i m pa
.

. .
H D uf u th Ca ig f th
o r on e n o e
t
. .

T ra n sl ae d fro m th e Ge rm a n by C 0 1 .
Va lt lli e i 63 5 With A p p d i
e n n 1 en x,

Wt
.

S ir Lumley Gra h em i h n early .

Map and I t du t y R m ak
s, n ro c or e r s.

3 0 0 D agr a m s g D e miy 8 yo . c lgth . .

D my 8 e p i 1 6 vo . r ce s .

H OFFBA UER T HE G ERMA N

- IRS OF
A R T IL L E R Y IN T HE BA TT L ES N EA R C om
i n th e
A m er ca n C v l Wa
i By Hi m s el f ii
'
r: .

2 v ols W h M ap ” D e m y 8 v o p ri c e
. it . .

Copy r zg/ zt E ngl zrfz E a’ ‘

2 4s . ztzogz .
’
‘ o i x l s )
 ”

A L is t f
‘

24 o

. S T U BB S (Li eut -Col F IV ) T HE . . . .

— WA R T E N S L E BE N (Coun t f f . v a
n ) .

R EGIM EN T O F BEN GAL A RT ILL ER Y T HE O PERA T IO N S O F T HE S O T H U

qi
.

it
T h e H s o ry o f i ts O rgan s a on , E u
p i ti A RM Y
IN JA N A R AN D FEBR A R , U Y U Y
m en , a n d Wa t r S erv c es C om p le d i i 1871 C o m p le d fro m th e O fii cia l i
q
. .

from Publ sh e d Work s , O ffic a l Re i i War D ocum e n s of th e Head - uar t

c o rd s , and v a r o us Pr v ae S o urc e s i i t . t e rs o f th e S ou h e rn A rm
y T ra ns t .

W h num erous M apsand Illus ra ons

it t ti . l aed by C o lon el C H v o n Wr gh
t . . i t .

2 v ols d em y 8 v o p r ce 3 2 s
. . i . W h M aps D e m y 8 v o p r ce 65
it . . i .

T HE O PE RAT IO N S O F T HE FIRST A R M Y
U
N D ER GE N VON M A N T E U FFEL . .

U
R S S IA S A DV A NCE EA ST WA R D
’ ~
. T ran slaed b
y C o l on el C t
H v on . .

Ba se d o n th e O ffic al R ep or s o f i t . Wr gh i t
U n fo rm w h th e a bo v e
. i it .

T ran s lae d b C a
y t
p C E H V IN C E N T , t . . . . D em y 8 v o p r ce gy . i .

W h M ap C ro w n 8 v o pr ce 63
it i
.

. . .

WICK HA M ( Ca
p t
'
E R A —
) IN
E [ I Q—EL EM EN
. . . .

VIN CE N T ( Ca
pt C . . . FL U EN C E O F FIREA R M S U PO N T AC
T AR Y
M ILIT A R GEO G RA PH , R E Y Y T IC S Hi s tori cal an d C riti c a
l In v es ti
C O N N O IT R IN G, AND S K ETC HIN G .
ga ti o n s By a n O FFIC E R O F S U PE
.

i
C om p le d for N on -com m ss on e d O ffi i i R IO R R A N K (in th e Ge Im a n A rm )
y
q
.

c ers a n d S ol d e rs o f a
ll A rm s S ua re i . T ra n sl a ted by C aptain E H Wi ck . .

c row n 8 v o p r c e 2 s . i . ha m R A , D em y 8 v o p ri c e 7 5 6d
. . . . .

WHITE C
( pa t F B F —
) T HE S U B . . . . WOIN O VIT S ( Cap t . I .
) - A U S T R IA N
S T A N T IV E S EN IO R IT A RM L IST Y Y C AV A L R Y EX E R C IS E . T ra
n slae d b y t
MAJO RS A N D C APT AIN S 8 v o s e w ed, . . Ca
p tai W n . S . C o ok e . C row n 8 v o .

p i
r ce 2 3 6d . .
pr i ce 7x .

P O ET R Y .

A BBE Y (Hetzry ) —BALLAD S OF GO O D B A RIN G ( T C ) M A , M R PIN D A R . . .

—
D EE D S , an d o h e r V e rs es t . Fcp 8 v o . . IN EN G L IS H R H M E Be ng an At Y . i
t
cl o h g l , p r c e 5 9 it i . em pt t
to r end er th e Ep n k a n O d es i i i
A D A M S ( PV D L R IC S O F L O V E, —Y w it
h th e p r n c p a l re m an ng Fra g i i i i
from S h a k esp e a
r e to T e nn son Se
. .
m en s o f P n d a t
r n o En gl sh Rh m ed
y i i t i
l e c ted a nd a rra nge d by
y
Fc p 8 v o .
.

. .
V e rs e Sm a ll 4 to p r ce 7 3
. . i .

cl o h e x ra t
, g l t
e d ges , p r c e 3 s 6d it i . .

A lso , a C h e ap er Ed iti on. Fcp

HO M E S O N G S FO R IET HO RS QU U .

8 v o clo h , 2 r 6d t
.

t
Fo ur h Ed on Fcp 8 v o p r ce 2 5 6d iti . . . i . .
. . .

Th s ma y a i d ha
ls o b e h a nd s om ely
AD AMS (y o/i n ) M A ST
. M ALO S .
’
boun d i n m orocco w h g l e dge s it it .

QUEST and o th er Po em s Fcp 8 v o

—
W
, . . .

pr i ce 53 .
BE N N E T T (D r . . C .
) N A RRAT IV E
PO E M S A N D BALL A D S Fcp 8 v o
A D ON - T HR
'

U
. . .

O G H S T O R M AN D S UN s e w e d , i n C oloure d Wra er i
p p , p r ce 1 s
S HIN E Illus raed by M E Ed w a
. rd s, t t . .

S O N G S FO R S A IL O RS D ed caed by i t
.

A T H Pae rs on, a
. n d th e A u h or
. . t t .
‘

Spec a i
l R e ues to H R H th e D uk e
.

q t
.

C row n 8 v o p r ce 7s 6a’
. i . .
o f Ed nbur h
g W h S e el Por ra
i . it
. .

t
.

t it
A . R .
—T O LD IN T WIL IGHT ; St i o r es
an d Illus ra ons C row n 8 v o p r ce t ti . . i
in V e rs e , S on gs , & c Fc p 8v o 3 s 6d . .

A n Ed on i n Illus rae d Pa iti t t

. . .

p ri cc 3 s Off p er
i
. .

C o v e rs , p r c e If
—C AM
.

A UB E R TIN O EN S L S IAD S
’
U . S O N G S O F A S O N G WR IT ER C row n
t t ith T ti
.

Po r ugues e T e x , w ra n sla on by . 8 v o p r c e 63 . i .

Ma p a n d P o r r t ait s. 2 v ols D em y
B OS WE L L
.

8 v o p r ce 3 0 5 . i . ( F . B ) . M A . Ox on .

M ET R IC A L T RA N SLAT IO N S FR O M T HE
A URO RA aV olum e of V erse . Fcp 8v o . . G R EEK AN D L AT IN PO ET S, and o th er
l th
c o , p r ce i 5: Poem s .
Crow n 8 v o p ri ce 55 . ,
 ' '

2 6 f:
'
A L z5 1f o f fl f “

HE WL E T T (Hem j/ G .
) —
A SH EAF O F NEW WR IT E R (A ) —S O NGS Tw o
O F-
V ER SE . Fcp 8 v o p ri c e 3 5 6d
. . . . WO R LD S . i d Editi
Th r on . C o m p le t e
'
i n O ne V o l um With P e o tra it Fcp
HOL ME S (E r
"

-PO EMS Fcp 8 v o

. .

G
.

i
. . . . .

8 v o p r ce 55
. i . I

pr ce 55 .

T HE EPIC O F HAD ES By th e Au h o r t
HO WA R D -
.

(R G B ) A N O ‘ S ongs of T w o Wo rld s t
L D
ev . . .
of
’
Four h
Fcp 8 v o U
.

O F S T PA L S
’
L EGEN D . . .
and fina lly rev s ed Ed on} Fcp 8 v o i iti
i .
.

pr ce 45 6d .
i
r c e 7 5 6d
p
.
. .

H O WE L L (yam s ) -A T A LE OF T HE
N ICH OLS ON L i br arzan of ard B
(E dw
t and o h er t —
.

S EA, S onn e s, Poe m s .

fl u: L ozza
’
on In 5 tztutzm z T HE C HR IST
'

Fcp 8 v o p r. . i
ce 55 C HILD , a n d o h e r Poe m s C row n t .

H UGHE S (Allz5 on ) PEN ELO PE, an d 8 v o clo h , pr ce 45 6d

. t ’

i . .

o th er Po e m s Fc p 8 v o p r c e 45 . . . i . 6d .

IN CHB OL D -
(7 A W h
'
A
t
N
. N U S M
Fcp 8 v o p r c e 4 5 6d
O R 1 S
i U
BIV O A C ; o r, M a r a l Ly r s ti it . it
S onne s . . . . .
an A_ p pe i
n d x : A d v c e to th e S ol d e r i i .

K IN G (M m Ha m zlton ) —T HE D IS C IPLES
. Fc p 8 v o pr ce 55 : 6d
. . i .

a N e w Poe m
s om e N o es
T h rd Edi tl o n , w h
C row n 8 v o p r c e 7 5 6d t
. i
i
it N O RR IS ( R ea A tf )
r ea T HE IN N ER .
’
—
.

t
. . .

U
A N D O T ER L IFE PO EM S Fcp 8v o
A SPR O MO N T E, a
. . .

n d o h e r Po e m s S e con d .
c lo h ,t r ce 65 i
Ed on iti
Fcp 8 v o p r ce 45 6d
. . . i . .
‘
p .

K N I GH T (A F C ) —PO EM S Fcp 8 v o PA UL ( C R Fgan) -GO ET HE S FA

.
’ '
U ST . A
i ce
. . . . . .

N ew T ra n s l a on ti in Rh yme . C row n
pr 8 v o p r c e 65 i
Y
. .

LAD L IPA R I (T HE) : a Po e m i n

—
m SNG LF
OF
T h re e C a
n os Fcp : 8 v o :p r ce 55 t i . PA YN E ( y o/ r O S O F I E AND
i
. .

— Y
L O CK E R (F ) L O N D O N L R IC S A
D EAT H C ro w . n 8v o . clo
_ th , pr ce 55 .

a i
,

. .

iti it
N e w nd Re v s e d Ed on , w h A dd i PE A C O C R E ( Gem '
g zan ay R A Y s F RO M
'
é

ti
o ns a t it t
n d a Po r ra of th e A u h o r . T HE S O THERN U
C R O SS : Poe m s .

t t i
C row n 8 v o clo h e lega C row n 8 v o w h S x ee n Full -p a it it
, . ‘

n , p r ce 65 . .
ge .

Al a Editi f th
s o, P Opl n on or e e e. Il lus ra o ns by th e R ev P Wa
t ti ls h . . .

Fp 8 p i
c . vo . r ce C row n 8 v o cl o h ele gan , pr c e 1 0 5 6d
. t t i . .

L U CA S (A lzce
‘

) —T R A N S LA T ION S FRO M PE N N E L L ( H C/ zolm on a elcy ) -PEGAS S .

’
U
T HE WO RK S Q F G E R M A N PO ET S O F R ESA D D L ED By th e A uth or o f Puck
- ‘
.

T HE I ST H AND 1 9T H C EN TOR IE S . o n Pega s us, & c W h T e n Full . it

Fcp 8 v o p ri ce 55
. . . a
p g e I l lus ra ons b y G e o rget ti
D u .

Ma i
S econd Ed on Fcp 4 to iti
MA G N U S S O N (Ezri /ét ) M A , a
at
ur e r
' '

nd
. . . .
.

P A L M E R (E H ) M A —JO HA N . . .
.

t
c lo h e l eg n , 1 2 5 6d
,
.

U ’
L DV IG R N EBER G S L RIC A L S O N G S, U Y PFE IFFE R (E m zly ) —GLAN A L A RC H
Y
ID L LS , A ND EPIG RA M S Fcp 8 v o
’ ‘

. . .
His S len ce nd i a S ong z
.

a
Poe m
t
c lo h , p r ce 55 i .
C rOw n S v o p r ce
’
i .
"
.

E A R DS M O N U M EN T a
nd Oth e P m
’
R
S q a
u re 1 6m o th p i 3 6d . c lo , r ce 5.
S d Ed iti
e con C nS l th on . row VO .
r oe
c o
s.

—
,

) T H R O MAN C
F "
f '
I I {
M IL LE R
fl / t;n 5
;

( R é
.
c
t o er E E OF
LO V E . F p l th p i e c . c o ,
r c

M OR I CE ! FD ) MA .
: . .
POI
/
VLE T Z (Li eut IV ) R A‘ EA S
‘
T ER N —
PY H
. . .

O LY M PIA N . N A O D T IA N D ES o
L EG ENDS AN D S T O R IES IN ENGLIS H
P1 N DAR . A N ew T a lati r ns o n In Eng
V E RS E C row n 8v d p r ce 55 i
i
l s h V e rs e . C 8 o p i 7 ro w n v . r ce 5 6d . .
. . .

—T
LU S .
HE a
T
A GA
r ns

V)"ith a
'

rs e. n

11 4
fC rO
wn
i
8v o
at
.
 C K egcm P ew! 6553 C
“
. 27

T HE LD EED , a
nd o th er Po e m s: Fcp .

S HILLIN G ED IT IO N O F T HE PO ET IC AL
8v o pr i ce 55 WO R K S In 1 2 v ol s t i
p ock e S z e ,
.
. .

S O NGS O F T w o WO RLD S By th e A u h or . t 15 : ea
ch , s e w e d .

Of
‘T h e E c o f Ha
p de s
’
Four h i . t T HE C R OW N E D IT IO N C o mp le e i n t
Ed o n iti C o m p le e i n o ne V olum e ,
. t 1 v o l s ron gly bo un d i n c l o h ,t
.
”

t i
w it
h Por ra t it
Fcp 8 v o clo th , p ri ce . . .
'

clo h , e x
.

a
r g l le av es ,
p r ce

t
p r ce
'

t it i
7 5 6 i R o x bur h
g , h al f-m oro cco ,
U i
. .

S O N G S FO R M S IC By Four Fr e nds i
p r ce 7 5 6d
. .

ti i i
. .

C on an ng S o n gs by R e g na
ld A Ca n a l s o be h a d i n av a
r e o f o h er it t
y
.

tt t
Ga y , S e ph e n H Ga y , Gre v lle J . tt i .
b n d ngs i i
t
C h e s e r, and Jul a n aEw ng S ua re i i . q .

c ro w n 8 y o p r ce 55 . i . i i
O r g na
l Ed iti ons

—
O T HO S D EAT H WA G E R
’
PO E M S Sm a
l l 8y o prIce
aD ark Pa Of H s o ry Illus rae d it t t
. .
’

ge
M AU D th
.

In i
F v e Ac s t Fc p 8 v o c lo h , p r c e t i , and o er Po e m s . Sma
ll 8 v o .

i
. . .

p r ce
35 6d
55. . .

S TA P L E T ON (ya li T HE T HA M ES m— T HE PR IN C ES S Sm a
ll 8 v o p r i ce
aPo em
. .

C ro w n 8 v o p ri ce 65
Y LLS O F Sm a
. . .

ID K IN G ll 8 v o
S T ON E HE WE B (Agn e5 ) M O N AC E IJL A ~ — i
T HE . .

p 5r ce 5.
aL ege n d of N orth Wa les A Po e m . .

Fcp 8 v o clo h , p r ce 3 5 6d
. i . t . .
‘
ID Y L OF LS T HE K IN G . C om pl e t e.

S WEET S ILV ER Y S A YIN G S OF S HA K E

Sm a
l l 8v o p r . i ce 65 .

S PEA RE . C row n 8 y o . cl o th gi lt , p r ce i T HE Ho LY C R A IL, a nd o th e r Poem s .

Sm a
ll 8v o p r ce 45 6d i
'
. . .

TA YL OR (Rev 7 W A . . .
)M A .
—PO EM S .
GA RET H A ND L Y N ET T E Sm a
ll 8 y o
i
. .

Fcp 8 v o pr ce 55 i
,
‘

pr ce 35
. . .

—
.

Worl< s Co mple te
'
T A VI OR (S zr II EN O C H A RD EN, & c
In

Fi v e V o lum es
.

. C row n 8 y o . c lo th ,
. Sma
ll 8 y o .
p ce
r i
i
p r ce 3 0 5 .

IN M EMO RIA M Sm all 8 v o p ric e 45

. . .

p le te
HA R O LD a D ra ma N ew Ed on . iti .

T HE IM PER IAL L IBRAR ED IT IO N ‘

Y .
C ro w n 8 v o pr ce i
t
C om pl e e i n 7 v ols , d em y 8 v o p r c e . i QU EE N MA RY : ma j N ew
a D ra .
~
Ed i
IO 5 6d e a. .
’

ch ; i n R o x burgh b n d ng, i i ti on . C row n 8v o p r . i ce 65 .

S EL EC T IO N S FR O M T HE A BO V E WO R K S
A UTHO ED IT ION In S i x V o lum e s
R S
’
. .

S up e r roy al 1 6m o p r ce 3 5 6d cl o h i t
.

P t 8 v o C lo h g l ; o r h a
lf-m oro cco t it . . .

os

R ox burgh s yle
.

t
.

it t
g l e x ra , p
r c e 45 i
(S ee p :
“ .

S O N G S FR O M T HE A BO V E WO R K S
.

C ABIN ET ED IT IO N 1 2 V o lum es Each

.

w it
h Fron sp e ce Fcp 8 v o ti i
.

. .
.

.
pr i ce
1 6m o cl o h , p r c e 2 5 6d
. clo h e x ra
,
t i . . t t
2 5 6d e a
. ch (S ee p. . .

C A BIN ET ED IT IO N 1 2 v ol s C ofn ple te . .

T EN N YS O N ID Y S O F T H K N G ad
’

S LL E I n
in h an ds om e O rn a
m en a l Ca se (S ee t .
oth P em er Illu t at d by Julia o s . s r e
,

B' M aga t C a
r m 2 l f li
re e ron . vo s . o o .

PO C K ET V O L M E ED IT IO N , U . I3 v ol s . hal f-
b u d m l th id op i n o ro c co , c o s e s, r ce

i n ne a c a t
s e , p r c e 3 65 i .
£6
J . 65 . e ach .

itt
D o, d o itt
Ex racl o h g l . t t it ,
in a
c s e,
Y
T EN N SO N FO R T HE YO UN AND FO R
p i
r ce 4 2 5
( S ee
p . .

R EC IT AT IO N S pec
‘
i ally
G
arra
nge d
T HE G IN EA U
ED IT IO N OF T HE
Fcp 8 v o 1 5 6d
. .

PO ET IC AL A N D D RAMA T IC WOR K S ,
' . . . .

R
.

t
c om p l e e i n 1 2 v ol s n e aly b oun d and . . t T HE T E N N SO N BIRT HD A BOO Y Ed ed Y . it
e n cl o s ed i n b o x . by Em ly i
3 2 m o Cl o h . t
Fren ch m orocco, pr ce 3 1 5 6d i . . i
l m p, 2 5 ; clo h e x ra, 3 5
. . . t t .
'
' ’
“
28 A L i sz qf

T H OM PS ON (A l ice C ) —PR EL D ES : 3 . U . T UR N E R (Rev C T m ny s ozz) S O NN ET S , . .

—
V o lum e O f Poe m s Illus raed b y . t t Y
L R IC S , A N D T R A N S LAT IO N S C row n .

El z a i t
b e h T h om pso n ( Pan e r O f T h e i t 8 v o c lo h , p r ce 45 6d
. t i . .

Ro ll 8 v o p r ce 7 5 6d . i . .

T HO UG HT S IN V ERSE . S ma
ll crow n 8v o .
WA TE RRIE LD ( W ) . HY M N S FO R

p i 1
r ce 5 . 6d HO LY DA YS AND S EA SON S .
3 2mo .

th i
.

THR IN G (Rev Godfl ey ) , B A s H M N S

. .
— Y c lo , pr ce 1 5 . 6d .

A ND S A C R ED L R IC S Fcp 8 v o Y . . .

WA Y (A ) M A —T HE O D ES OF HO R AC E
pr i ce 5 5 .

L IT ERA L L
.

Y
.

T R A N S LAT ED IN M ET R E
—A RV AN
.

T OD D (Her ber t) M A . o r, th e Fcp 8v o p ri ce 25

t
. . .

S ory o f th e S w ord . A Po em . C row n

8 v o p r c e 7 5 6d
. i . .

WIL L O UGIIB Y ( Tbe Hon Mr5 ) — O N ’

— T HE N O RT HWIN D —T H IST L E D O W N
. . . .

T OD HUN T E R (D r .
7
j ) L AU
. R ELLA ,

an d o h e r Po em s t . C row n 8 v o pr . i ce aV olum e o f Poe m s Elegantly b ound .

,

65 6d . . ll c row n 8 v o p ri ce 75 6d
s ma . . .

L IB R A R Y NO V ELS .

BL UE R O S ES or, Helen M a lin ofsk as ’

PA UL (M a rga ret A n e5 )
g GEN T LE A N D —
Ma rri a By th e A uth or o f V era S IM PLE : aS ory 2 v o ls C ro w n 8 v o t
’
ge . . . . .

Fi fth Ed iti on ; 2 v ol s . c lo th gilt t

, op s, itt
g l ops , p r c e 1 2 5 i .

125
S HA W (Fl or a L ) —C A ST L E BL AIR : a
.

C O N ST A N T HEA RT aStory 2 v ols

t
S ory O f You h ful L v e s 2 v ols t i . .

c lo th , g l itt o 12 5
. .
c row n 8 v o clo h , pr c e 1 2 5 . t i .

ps, .

H O C K LE Y ( DV B ) — T AL ES . . O F T HE S TR E T T ON (M z5 5 He5 ba )— T HRO G H A
'

U
’
2 v o ls crow n 8 v o
Z E NA N A or a N uw a bs
’
L e s ure i N EED LE S EY E . . .

Hours By th e A uth o r o f
.
,
‘
Pa n du itt
g p p
l o s ,
r ce 1 2 5 i .

ra ng Ha ri
’
With aPre face . by Lo rd
S a tn le y O f Ald e rle y . 2 v ol s . cro w n
M R IA —S EET A aN ov el v ols .
8 y o Clo h , p r c e 2 1 5
. t i .
. .

8v o
. .
3

M A S TE R / VA N (7 —WO RT H WA IT IN G
c ro w n .

FO R : aN e w N o v e l 3 v o l s c row n
.

. .
A N O BL E QU EEN . 3 v ol s . c ro w n 8v o .

8v o . cl o th .

WIT HIN SO UN D O F T HE S EA By th e
—
.

AIORL E Y (S usan) MA RGA R ET C HET t

A u h o r O f V e ra
, &c ‘ ’
. &c . 2 v o ls .

Y
W N D : aN ov e l 3 v ols c ro w n 8 v o . . . C row n 8 v o g l o p s , p r . itt ic e 125.

W ORK S O F FI C T IO N IN O NE V O LU ME .

B E T HA M - E D WA R D S (II
/ £5 5 M ) GA R RE T T (E ) —BY S T IL L WAT ER S: a . .

K IT T W h aFron tispie ce l C row n

Y . it t
S o ry fo r u e Hours W h S e v en Q it . it
8 v o p r c e 65. i . Illus ra ons t ti
C row n 8v o p r ce 65 . . i .

BL U E R O S ES ; o r, He le n M a l i n o fsk as ’

Ma rr age i
By th e A u h o r o f V e ra
.
' ’
t .

HA RD Y ( T bom a s)- A PA IR O F BL E U
N ew a nd C h ea
p e r Ed on W h iti . it Y
E ES ; A u h o r o f Fa r from th e M a
d t
Fron s p e ce ti i
C row n 8 v o c lo h ,. . t i
d ng C row d ’
N e w Ed o n C ro w n iti
p r i
ce 65 .

8 v o p r ce 65 i
. .

—ILAM
. .

CL E R K (M m Godfrey )
’
. EN N AS
Hi st ori c a
l Tale s and A n ecd o e s o f th e t
i
T m es O f th e E rly K h a l fah s T ra ns a i . HO WA RD ( Mary 1P l ) —BEAT R IC E A YL .

t
l ae d fro m th e A rab c O ri g n a ls Illus i i . M ER an d o th e r T a
, le s C row n 8 v o
'

. .

trate d w h Hi Sto ri c a la it
n d Ex la
p n aory t pri ce 65 .

N o es t
C ro w n 8 v o l clo h , p r ce 75 t i .
 A L 25 ? f
0

3 0 ) O

BRAV E MEN
’
By th e Ed o r S FO O TST EPS . it
of Me n w h o A Book I E LS IE D IN S M O RE
‘

C row n 8v o
t
. . .

O f Ex a m pl e an d An e cd o e for Yo ung i
pr ce 3 5 6d
W h Four Illus ra on s by it t ti
. .

Peopl e
II:E LS IE S GIR LHO O D
.
’
T h rd Ed on i iti C row n 8 v o
C D oy l e C row n . .
.

8 y o p r ce . i
. .

p r c e 3 5 6d i . .

Y
'

III ELS IE S HO L ID A S AT R O SELAN D S

’
. .

C HILD RE N S T O S , a n d s om e El e m e n a
’
ry Y t C row n 8 v o p r c e 3 5 6d . i . .

L e s son s In Ge rie ral K n ow led ge w h ch i HE R FOR D (Br ook e) T HE S T O R O F — Y

t
h ey e a ch t
Illus raed C row n 8v o . t t . . R EL IG IO N IN EN G IA N D : aBoo k for
t
cl o h , p r c e 55 i . Yo ung Folk C r 8 v o clo h , p r ce 55 . . . t i .

G E a a — P L Y IN GE L OW 7 ean ) T HE LIT T LE
C OL E R I D (S r ) R ET T ES S O NS
WO N D ER HO R N Wit h F f een Illus it
V E R S E FO R GO O D C HIL D R EN ,
.

IN
i
w th s om e L es s o n s i n L a n , i n Ea ti tration s . Sm a ll 8 v o . i
p r ce 2 5 6d . .

—T HE
sy

iti K E R (D a
'

Rh y m e : A ? N ew Ed o n Illus w d) BOY S LAVE IN

”

tra te d Fcp 8v o c lo h , p r ce t i BO K HA R A : aT a le t i o f C e n ra
l As a .

With Illustratl ons

.

i
. , .

C r 8 v o p r ce 55
3 5 6d .
. . . .
. .
‘

T HE WIL D HO R S EM A N O F T HE PAM PAS

—
.

DA N VE R S
’
(N R ) L IT T LE
. M IN N IE .
’
S Illus tra
ted C row n 8v o pri ce 55 . . .

U
T O BR S a E y
-
d a
y C h i l LE n v er ron c e . '

With 4 Illu t ati by W H Hugh RA N D E R (Rick a d ) F

,

r A N T AST IC
s r ons es
S T O R IES T ra n sl ae d from th e Ge rm a t
. . .

F p l th p i 3 6d
c c o r ce 5.
. n
by Pa ul n aB Gra i W h E gh i it i t
.
.
,
nv lle . .

PIx IE S A D VENT RES ; or, th e T a

’
le o f U Full - p ga e Ill us ra o n s b y M E t ti . .

a T e rr e r W h 2 1 Illus ra ons i . it :

t ti .
Fra s e r-
T y l er t
C row n 8 v o p r c e 55 . . i .

I 6m o clo h , p r ce 45 6d. t i . .
L E E (Hol me) —HER T IT L E O F HO N O R U .

A Bo ok fo r G rls N e W Edi ti o n i ‘

Y With
. .

NANN . n um erous Illus t ati

r ons .
W h a Fron sp eceit C row n 8 v o ti i
q
. .

S uare 1 6m o . clo th .
pr i ce 55 .

—l\IO U NT A IN LE WIS (Ma rj/ A —A RAT WIT H T HREE

D A VIE S (G
.

M EA O W A N D M RE a S i f
.

E o
,
T A L ES W th Fo ur Illus ra on s by
. i t ti
O ut d Sk t h
D
f Sp t S
o or y
,

e c es O
:
or ,
e r es

c e ne r ,
C ah er n e F Frere tPr ce 55i . . i .

Ad tu a d N atu a
v en l Hi t y res , n r s or .
’

LIT T L E M I NN IE S T R O BL E S : an Ev e ry
’
U
With S i t Illu t ati by B th x ee n s r on s o s w or da y C h ro n cl e W h F o ur Illus ra i it t
W Ha u t C
.

. 8 p i 6 rco r . ro w n v o. r ce 5. ons b y W H Hugh es

ti Fcap p r ce . . . i
R A M BLES A N D A D V EN T R ES O F O U R U MC CL IN T O CK (L ) — S IR S PAN G LE
S C HO O L FIELD C L B W h Four U it .

Illus ra ons t ti [
.

i A N D T HE D IN G HEN Illus raed Y t t

q
. .

C row n 8 v o p r c e 55 . . .

S ua re c row n 8 v o r ce i
- p .

D RUM M ON D -T R IPP’S B U ILD M A C K E N N A (S .

-PL UCKY FEL
IN G S n A S .
tudy from ; L fe , w h i it LO WS . A Boo k fo r B0 5 With S i x

F ro n ti p i
,

s ec e Sm a
l l crow n 8v o p r ce i t ti
Illus ra on s Fo urth E i tion . . C row n
i
. .

6d 8 v o p r ce 3 5 6d
3 5.
. . .
.

A T S C HO O L WIT H A N O LD D RAGO O N
WELL S PEN T
.

E D M ON D S (Her bert) W h S ix _Illus ra on s

it T h rd t ti i
i
.

L IVES a S er e s o f M ode m Bi ogra

. Ed on itiC row n 8 v o p r ce 55
. . i
i i
.

row n 8 v o p r ce 55
p h es C . . .

M A L DE N (H E . .
—PRINC ES A N D PRIN
—T HE S OR Y OF
C ESSE S : Tw o Fai ry T ales Illus t at d
r e
E VA N S (M’ark )
.

FA H T L V
U
t old t C h ild ;
ER S O E,
T
o
O
re n
R
Sm a
ll crow n 8v o p r . i ce 2 5 . 6d .

b i g aN a d E la g d Ed iti Y t
'
e n f ew n n r e on o AST ER BO BB . By th e ) Au h or o f
T h l gy f
eo oC h ild With F u
- or re n . o r
“ Ch r i tis n aN orth .
”
Wit h Six Illus
Illu t a
ti Fa
s r p 8 o p i 3 6d ons. c . v . r ce 5. . tra
tions . Fcp 8 v o . . clo th .
 Pai l ! ( 5 Co L é lzca
’ z
C K egcm .
s r f
°
. 5 l R
' ”
z zom
9"
’
.
ug - 3 1
r
4
r
' "
Q N I r

N AA R E
’

TI) S LAV O N IC FA IR — Y
T AL ES From Russ a . n, S e rv a
n, i i T HE C_ R EW O F T HE DO LPHIN Il lus
i W h it
.

Pol s h , a
nd BOliem ia Four ee n h T h ousand
’
n S ourc e S .
trate d t t R oy a
l
Fo ur Illus ra o ns Crow n 8 yo p r ce t ti i
. .

. .
Ifi i
m o p r c e 1 5 6d . . .

55.
C ASSY T h i ty - igh th T h u ad
. With r e o s n
ESERT PAST O R
.

PE L L E T A N (E .
) -
T HE D .
S i Illu t a
ti
x R ya l I 6m p i s r on s o o. r ce
ted from
ns la
.

JEA N J A R O U S S EA U . T ra
th e Fren ch By C olo n e l E P D e
’

Fort -h rd yt i
. . .
’
T HE K IN G S S ERV A N T S
L Ho s te
’
W h aFron sp e ce N ew it ti i .

T h Ousa W h E h t IlluStration s
it ig
.
. .

nd
Ed o n iti . Fc a
p 8 v O pr de 35 6d . . i “

. .
’

Roy a m i
l I 6 o p r ce 1 5 6d
.

. . .
.

RE AN E Y (M m . G S . .
) AND
L O ST GIP Fi fty i th T h u ad
WO RK IN G ; o r, From
"

i
G rlh ood to
. n n o s n .

Wom anh ood With a Fro nti sp i ece With S i Illu t ati R yal 1 6m x s r ons . o o .

C row n 8v o p r .
.

i ce 55 .
.

p i r ce
a L
A 15 0 afi ana lmm ely dozm aE a
'
.

’
w zt/ z
BL ES S IN G A N D BL ESS ED a S ory o f '
t ztzon ,

T w ei r/ e fll ustm fzom , p rae 2 5 6d

'

i
G rl L fe i
C row n 8 v o c lo h , p r ce 55 t i . .

aa —
. . .

i 5 TR E T T ON ( He5 5a) con t

E NGLIS H G IRLS: Th e r Pl ce nd Power .

D AV ID L L O D S L A S I WILL Y With
.

W h Pre face by th eR e v R W D ale

’ '

it . . . .

Four Illus tra tion S j R o y a

l
.

I6m o
UN B AM W LLIE and th St i
. .

S E I ,
o er o r e s.
pr ce 2 5 6i
d
Illu t ati R ya
. .
”
Th l 1 6m '
o
T HE WO N D ER F
re e s r on s o
. .

U L IFE Th it t'h
p i
L r een
6d
.
I
r ce 5.
T h ousa 6a
.

nd
S UNS HIN JEN N Y ad oth St i
. .

or es .
W h Fron s
E n er
t ati R al fim l t h
‘
A N IGHT D AY
AND A it ti
I l l y
.

3 u I ons . o o. c o

i I 6 d
s r ,
p i ec e
‘
. T w elf h T h o us a
nd R oy a
l t .
.

p r ce 5. . ,

‘
1 6m o . i
l m p clo h , p r ce 6d t i .

R OSS (M m
’
( N els i e Brook ).

t FR IEN D S Illus ra
T ILL D EAT H With t
-
D A D D
’
S - PET YA Sk e ch from .
v ~ ~

ti and Fron s p ece T w en y ti i

.

t
Hum bl e Li fe W h S i x Illus ra on s
,

. it t ti .
ons

four h T h ousa t
nd Roy a l 1 6m o p r ce
.

i
R oy al 1 6m o pr c e 1 5 . i .

1 5 6d l im p clo h , p r ce 6d
.

t i
.

—
.

W
. .

S AD L E R (S ) R N T H A F
U
E R ICA N
. .

i
.

i t Tw C HRIST M AS
o S T O R IES W h it
C R IS E R : aM dsh p m a
’
n s A d v e n ures
.

th e We s C oa W h T h Ie e t t it ti i
Fron sp e ce T w e n y firs t T h ousa nd . t ’
.

on
t ti
s

Illus ra o n s S e co nd Ed on C row n .
.

iti .
R oy a
l I6m o l m p cl o h , pr c e 6d . i t ’

i .

i
8 v o p r ce 3 5 6d M IC HEL L O R IO ’
S L EFT
C R O SS , AND
A LO N E W it ti i it t
. . .

h Fro n s p e ce F f e en h
S EEK IN G HIS FO RT U N E a d th ,
n
'

o er S toi r es.
T h o usa nd
.

R oy a
l 1 6m o l m p clo h ,
.

i t
W h Four Ill us
it t ati 8v o
.

C
.

i
r ce 3 5 6d
r on s . ro w n .

p r c e 6i
d .

p W h Fron s p e ce it ti i
. .

O LD T R A N SO M E .

UT U M N LEAV ES FRO M FAI Y

.

S EV EN A R i
S x te en h T h o us a nd Roy a
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LA ND Illu t a
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