CH - 12. NOTES (VII)

Ch- 12
Turkish Invasions in North India
Reasons for Turkish invasion in North India

a) Frequent wars among the Rajputs.
b) Political disunity in North India
This attracted invasions by the Turks.
TURKS:
a) Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad recruited the Turks as guards and
professional soldiers.
b) By the end of the ninth century, the power of Caliph weakened.Turks
slowly took over the power and became the governors of the provinces.
c) Some of them asserted their independence from the Caliph.
d) One governor, who conquered Ghazni in Afghanistan, started a new
lineage of rulers known as Ghaznavis.
Mahmud Ghazni
Mahmud Ghazni conquered Ghazni in Afghanistan and started a new

lineage of rulers known as Ghaznavid. Mahmud invaded India 17 times in
27 years. He is known as a plunderer of towns and temples in India.
Main Objectives of Mahmud Ghazni to attack India
i) He wanted to make Ghazni(Afghanistan), a small hilly and poor region

into a power empire.
ii) He was attracted by the great wealth of India.
iii) Some historians also believe that the main objective of his invasions in
India was to propagate Islam and gain popularity among muslims.
Mahmud Ghazni Invasion / ways in which Mahmud Ghazni extended
his power-
a) He decided to attack north-west India where the Gurjara-Pratihara

empire had become weak due to frequent battles with Pallavas and
Rashtrakutas.
b) He was attracted by the great wealth of India.So, he plundered towns
and temples in north India like Nagarkot, Thanesar,Mathura and kanauj.
c)His most destructive attack was on Somnath temple(Gujarat) in 1025 CE.
Mahmud broke the idol of Somnath and looted property worth 20 million
rupees.
Results or Impact of Mahmud Ghazni’s Invasion on India
a)His invasions exposed the weaknesses of Indian rulers.

b) Trade interests attracted many muslims rulers.
c) There was development of close cultural interaction between India and
Islamic central Asia
d) His invasions paved the way for the establishment of muslim rule in
India.
e) Mahmud’s destruction of valuable and artistic temples and idols was a
great loss to Indian heritage.
Muhammad Ghori
Muhammad Ghori was the ruler of small kingdom of Ghor in Afghanistan.

He conquered Ghazni and gave its charge to his brother and decided to
head towards India.
Main Objective of Muhammad Ghori’s invasion in India-

● His main aim was to invade India and expand his empire.
Muhammad Ghori’s Invasions/ways how he expanded his empire in
India-
a)The credit of the founding a muslim empire in India goes to Muhammad

Ghori.
b)He occupied Peshawar,Lahore and Sindh.
c) He was defeated in the 1st battle of Tarain by Prithviraj Chauhan but
was victorious in the 2nd battle of Tarain and captured Delhi and Ajmer.
c) He then headed towards Kanauj and defeated the Rajputs (King
Jaichand) and captured Kanauj and Benaras.
d) As Ghori did not have a child of his own, so he gave charge of his
territories to his trusted slave and general , Qutubuddin Aibek.
Reasons for Muhammad Ghori’s success over Indian Rulers-
a)Disunity among Indian rulers and the caste system were the main reason
for the success of Ghori and defeat of Indian rulers.
b)The common people were dissatisfied as they had no contact with the
rulers.
c)Some Rajput rulers helped Turks against their own country.
d)The Feudal system, where the landowners were very powerful,
weakened the power of Kings.
e)Ghori’s army was very well equipped and his campaigns were properly
planned.
f)The Muslim army moved swiftly on their horses as compared to the
armies of the Indian rulers that used outdated methods of war ,equipment
and elephants.
WORKSHEET-
a) Name the author of ‘Shahnama’? _________________________
(b)The credit of founding the muslim empire in India goes to
_______________________ .
(c) Mohd Ghori defeated __________________________________ in second
battle of Tarain and took over ___________________________ and
_______________________ .
(d) The most trusted slave and general of Mohd Ghori was __________________
(e) The king of Gujarat who defeated Ghori was ___________________________
(f) Kitab-Al-Hind was written by ______________________

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Ch- 12

Turkish Invasions in North India

Reasons for Turkish invasion in North India

Mahmud Ghazni conquered Ghazni in Afghanistan and started a new

Main Objectives of Mahmud Ghazni to attack India

i) ​He wanted to make Ghazni(Afghanistan), a small hilly and poor region

a) He decided to attack north-west India where the Gurjara-Pratihara

Results or Impact of Mahmud Ghazni’s Invasion on India

a)His invasions exposed the weaknesses of Indian rulers.

Muhammad Ghori was the ruler of small kingdom of Ghor in Afghanistan.

Main Objective of Muhammad Ghori’s invasion in India-

a)The credit of the founding a muslim empire in India goes to Muhammad

Reasons for Muhammad Ghori’s success over Indian Rulers-

a) Name the author of ‘Shahnama’? _________________________

(b)The credit of founding the muslim empire in India goes to

(c) Mohd Ghori defeated __________________________________ in second

battle of Tarain and took over ___________________________ and

(e) The king of Gujarat who defeated Ghori was ___________________________

(f) Kitab-Al-Hind was written by ______________________

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i) He wanted to make Ghazni(Afghanistan), a small hilly and poor region