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    Summary of Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age
    Summary of Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age
    Summary of Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age
    Ebook87 pages52 minutes

    Summary of Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age

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    #1 In the early second millennium, two armies marched from opposite directions and raided north India. The first was led by a general acting on the authority of Rajendra I, maharaja of the Chola empire, towards the extreme southern end of the Indian peninsula. In 1022, his army marched 1,600 kilometers north from the Cholas’ royal and ceremonial capital of Tanjavur.

    #2 The Cholas were the dominant power in the eastern Indian Ocean at this time. In October 1025, the son of a Turkish-speaking Central Asian slave marched out of Ghazni in eastern Afghanistan with 30,000 cavalry behind him. He headed south-east through the craggy ravines of the Sulaiman Mountains and descended into the low, lush Indus valley.

    #3 The raid on Somnath, which was recorded in Persian chronicles, was never mentioned in the local Hindu inscriptions. The silence of these sources suggests that the raid was either forgotten altogether or viewed as just another unfortunate attack by an outsider.

    #4 The invasions of Rajendra Chola and Mahmud of Ghazni had many similarities, but their differences highlight the radically different political cultures in early-eleventh-century South Asia. The older political culture, informed by a body of Sanskrit texts, had existed for many years before the rise of Chola power in south India.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherIRB Media
    Release dateMay 9, 2022
    ISBN9798822509719
    Summary of Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age
    Author

    IRB Media

    With IRB books, you can get the key takeaways and analysis of a book in 15 minutes. We read every chapter, identify the key takeaways and analyze them for your convenience.

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      Book preview

      Summary of Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age - IRB Media

      Insights on Richard M. Eaton's India in the Persianate Age

      Contents

      Insights from Chapter 1

      Insights from Chapter 2

      Insights from Chapter 3

      Insights from Chapter 4

      Insights from Chapter 5

      Insights from Chapter 6

      Insights from Chapter 7

      Insights from Chapter 8

      Insights from Chapter 9

      Insights from Chapter 1

      #1

      In the early second millennium, two armies marched from opposite directions and raided north India. The first was led by a general acting on the authority of Rajendra I, maharaja of the Chola empire, towards the extreme southern end of the Indian peninsula. In 1022, his army marched 1,600 kilometers north from the Cholas’ royal and ceremonial capital of Tanjavur.

      #2

      The Cholas were the dominant power in the eastern Indian Ocean at this time. In October 1025, the son of a Turkish-speaking Central Asian slave marched out of Ghazni in eastern Afghanistan with 30,000 cavalry behind him. He headed south-east through the craggy ravines of the Sulaiman Mountains and descended into the low, lush Indus valley.

      #3

      The raid on Somnath, which was recorded in Persian chronicles, was never mentioned in the local Hindu inscriptions. The silence of these sources suggests that the raid was either forgotten altogether or viewed as just another unfortunate attack by an outsider.

      #4

      The invasions of Rajendra Chola and Mahmud of Ghazni had many similarities, but their differences highlight the radically different political cultures in early-eleventh-century South Asia. The older political culture, informed by a body of Sanskrit texts, had existed for many years before the rise of Chola power in south India.

      #5

      The classical Indian political system was based on the idea that territory was like a large chessboard on which kings moved with allies and against rivals in order to create an idealized political space called the Circle of States. No single dynasty could achieve lasting dominance over large tracts of territory within India, nor over South Asia as a whole.

      #6

      Rajendra, the emperor of the Cholas, was the first Indian king to conquer overseas territories. He reconquered the Pandya kingdom to his south and the raja of Kerala to his west in 1017. In 1021, he attacked the Chalukyas of Kalyana.

      #7

      The Cholas were the most outward-looking Indian state in their day, joining Arabs, Persians, Malays, and Chinese in a transregional commercial system. They had diplomatic contact with China since 1015.

      #8

      The mandala theory not only informed inter-state relations, but also sowed the seeds of India’s decline. By the end of the twelfth century, India had become divided into many dynastic houses, and those houses were internally divided as vassals and smaller chieftains built up their own courts.

      #9

      The temple of Somnath in Gujarat was fortified in 1216 to protect it from attacks by Hindu rulers in neighbouring Malwa. In the early ninth century, King Govinda III of the Deccan’s Rashtrakuta dynasty invaded and occupied Kanchipuram in the Tamil country.

      #10

      Mahmud of Ghazni’s raid on Somnath in 1025 was different from Rajendra Chola’s raid on Bengal in that it was driven by different ideas. The core of Mahmud’s forces was made up of Turkish slaves or mamluks, who had been recruited from Central Asia. They were not attached to land or their natal kin, but to their masters.

      #11

      Central Asian Turks and Indian archers were both infantrymen, and their societies were based on different ideologies. The Turks had little attachment to their lands, which led them to view political space as open and unbounded.

      #12

      The Ghaznavid Turks were a special type of army that was based on mobile wealth. They would raid wealthy cities and temples in northern India, and take back the gold and silver to finance campaigns in Central Asia and Iran.

      #13

      The transregional circulation of wealth through Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and north India was the material counterpart to a growing canon of Persian texts that spread through those same regions. These texts provided the ideological scaffolding that supported an emerging Persianate world.

      #14

      The Ghaznavid sultans, who ruled from 1040 to 1186, were the first to introduce Persian culture into north India. They were also the first to launch raids into the Gangetic plain.

      #15

      The Ghaznavids were a regional north Indian state, and they were not seen as a threat to Indian culture. They brought Persianate institutions and practices

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