Work Done and Energy Transferred

Work Done And Energy Transfer
These practice questions can be used by students and teachers and is
Suitable for GCSE AQA Physics Topic Question 8463
Level: GSCE AQA 8463

Subject: Physics
Exam Board: GCSE AQA
Topic: Work Done And Energy Transfer
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Q1.
Figure 1 shows a skier using a drag lift.
The drag lift pulls the skier from the bottom to the top of a ski slope.
The arrows, A, B, C and D represent the forces acting on the skier and her skis.
Figure 1
(a) Which arrow represents the force pulling the skier up the slope?
Tick one box.
(1)
(b) Which arrow represents the normal contact force?
Tick one box.

C
(1)
(c) The drag lift pulls the skier with a constant resultant force of 300N for a distance of 45
m.
Use the following equation to calculate the work done to pull the skier up the slope.
work done = force × distance
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Work done = __________________________ J

(2)
(d) At the top of the slope the skier leaves the drag lift and skis back to the bottom of the
slope.
Figure 2 shows how the velocity of the skier changes with time as the skier moves
down the slope.
Figure 2
After 50 seconds the skier starts to slow down.
The skier decelerates at a constant rate coming to a stop in 15 seconds.

Draw a line on Figure 2 to show the change in velocity of the skier as she slows down
and comes to a stop.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q2.
A bus is taking some children to school.
(a) The bus has to stop a few times. The figure below shows the distance–time graph for
part of the journey.
Time in seconds
(i) How far has the bus travelled in the first 20 seconds?
Distance travelled = ______________________ m

(1)
(ii) Describe the motion of the bus between 20 seconds and 30 seconds.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) Describe the motion of the bus between 30 seconds and 60 seconds.
Tick ( ) one box.

Tick ( )
Accelerating
Reversing
Travelling at constant speed

(1)
(iv) What is the speed of the bus at 45 seconds?
Show clearly on the figure above how you obtained your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Speed = ______________________ m / s
(3)
(b) Later in the journey, the bus is moving and has 500 000 J of kinetic energy.
The brakes are applied and the bus stops.
(i) How much work is needed to stop the bus?
______________________________________________________________
Work = ______________________ J
(1)
(ii) The bus stopped in a distance of 25 m.
Calculate the force that was needed to stop the bus.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Force = ______________________ N
(2)
(iii) What happens to the kinetic energy of the bus as it is braking?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q3.
The figure below shows a slide in a children’s playground.
(a) A child of mass 18 kilograms goes down the slide.
The vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the slide is 2.5 metres.
Calculate the decrease in gravitational potential energy of the child sliding from the
top to the bottom of the slide.
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Decrease in gravitational potential energy = _______________ J

(2)
(b) The slide is made of plastic.
(i) The child becomes electrically charged when he goes down the slide.
Explain why.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) Going down the slide causes the child’s hair to stand on end.
What conclusion about the electrical charge on the child’s hair can be made
from this observation?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Give a reason for your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(iii) Why would the child not become electrically charged if the slide was made from
metal?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4.
(a) Figure 1 shows the horizontal forces acting on a moving bicycle and cyclist.
Figure 1
(i) What causes force A?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
friction gravity weight

(1)
(ii) What causes force B?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Figure 2 shows how the velocity of the cyclist changes during the first part of a
journey along a straight and level road. During this part of the journey the force
applied by the cyclist to the bicycle pedals is constant.

Figure 2
Time
Describe how and explain, in terms of the forces A and B, why the velocity of
the cyclist changes:
• between the points X and Y
• and between the points Y and Z, marked on the graph in Figure 2.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Extra space ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(6)
(b) (i) The cyclist used the brakes to slow down and stop the bicycle.
A constant braking force of 140 N stopped the bicycle in a distance of 24 m.
Calculate the work done by the braking force to stop the bicycle. Give the unit.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Work done = ______________________________

(3)
(ii) Complete the following sentences.
When the brakes are used, the bicycle slows down. The kinetic energy of the
bicycle ______________________________ .
At the same time, the ______________________________ of the brakes
increases.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)
Q5.
(a) The diagram shows a car at position X.
The handbrake is released and the car rolls down the slope to Y.

The car continues to roll along a horizontal surface before stopping at Z.
The brakes have not been used during this time.
(i) What type of energy does the car have at X?
________________________________________
(1)
(ii) What type of energy does the car have at Y?
________________________________________
(1)
(b) The graph shows how the velocity of the car changes with time between Y and Z.
(i) Which feature of the graph represents the negative acceleration between
Y and Z?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Which feature of the graph represents the distance travelled between Y and Z?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) The car starts again at position X and rolls down the slope as before.
This time the brakes are applied lightly at Y until the car stops.
Draw on the graph another straight line to show the motion of the car between Y
and Z.
(2)
(c) Three students carry out an investigation. The students put trolley D at position P on a
slope. They release the trolley. The trolley rolls down the slope and along the floor as
shown in the diagram.

The students measure the distance from R at the bottom of the slope to S where the
trolley stops. They also measure the time taken for the trolley to travel the distance
RS.
They repeat the investigation with another trolley, E.
Their results are shown in the table.
Distance RS Time taken Average velocity

Trolley in in in centimetres
centimetres seconds per second
D 65 2.1
E 80 2.6
(i) Calculate the average velocity, in centimetres per second, between R and S for
trolleys D and E. Write your answers in the table.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)
(ii) Before the investigation, each student made a prediction.
• Student 1 predicted that the two trolleys would travel the same distance.
• Student 2 predicted that the average velocity of the two trolleys would be
the same.
• Student 3 predicted that the negative acceleration of the two trolleys

would be the same.
Is each prediction correct?
Justify your answers.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Q6.
The diagram shows a climber part way up a cliff.
(a) Complete the sentence.
When the climber moves up the cliff, the climber
gains gravitational ______________________ energy.

(1)
(b) The climber weighs 660 N.
(i) Calculate the work the climber must do against gravity, to climb to the top of the
cliff.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Work done = _________________________ J

(2)
(ii) It takes the climber 800 seconds to climb to the top of the cliff.
During this time the energy transferred to the climber equals the work done by
the climber.
Calculate the power of the climber during the climb.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Power = _________________________ W
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q7.
(a) The stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of two parts, the thinking distance and
the braking distance.
(i) What is meant by thinking distance?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) State two factors that affect thinking distance.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) A car is travelling at a speed of 20 m/s when the driver applies the brakes. The car
decelerates at a constant rate and stops.
(i) The mass of the car and driver is 1600 kg.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car and driver before the brakes are applied.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Kinetic energy = _________________________ J

(2)
(ii) How much work is done by the braking force to stop the car and driver?
Work done = _________________________ J

(1)
(iii) The braking force used to stop the car and driver was 8000 N.
Calculate the braking distance of the car.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Braking distance = _________________________ m

(2)
(iv) The braking distance of a car depends on the speed of the car and the braking
force applied.
State one other factor that affects braking distance.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(v) Applying the brakes of the car causes the temperature of the brakes to increase.
Explain why.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Hybrid cars have an electric engine and a petrol engine. This type of car is often fitted
with a regenerative braking system. A regenerative braking system not only slows a
car down but at the same time causes a generator to charge the car’s battery.
State and explain the benefit of a hybrid car being fitted with a regenerative braking
system.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 14 marks)
Q8.
A car has an oil leak. Every 5 seconds an oil drop falls from the bottom of the car onto the
road.
(a) What force causes the oil drop to fall towards the road?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) The diagram shows the spacing of the oil drops left on the road during part of a
journey
Describe the motion of the car as it moves from A to B.
___________________________________________________________________
Explain the reason for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(c) When the brakes are applied, a braking force slows down and stops the car.
(i) The size of the braking force affects the braking distance of the car.
State one other factor that affects the braking distance of the car.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) A braking force of 3 kN is used to slow down and stop the car in a distance of 25
m.
Calculate the work done by the brakes to stop the car and give the unit.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
Work done =_________________________

(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Q9.
A powerlifter lifts a 180 kg bar from the floor to above his head.
(a) Use the equation in the box to calculate the weight of the bar.
weight = mass × gravitational field strength
gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Weight = _______________________ N
(2)
(b) The powerlifter uses a constant force to lift the bar a distance of 2.1 m.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the work done by the powerlifter.
work done = force applied × distance moved in direction of force
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
Choose the unit from the list below.
joule newton watt

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Work done = _______________________

(3)
(c) At the end of the lift, the powerlifter holds the bar stationary, above his head, for two
seconds.
How much work does the powerlifter do on the bar during these two seconds?
Draw a ring around your answer.
0 90 360 900
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q10.
A student used an electric heater to heat a metal block. The student measured the energy
input to the heater with a joulemeter.
Before starting the experiment, the student reset the joulemeter to zero. The student
switched the power supply on for exactly 10 minutes. During this time, the reading on the
joulemeter increased to 14 400.
(a) (i) Calculate the energy transferred each second from the power supply to the
heater.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Energy transferred each second = ___________________ J/s
(2)
(ii) What is the power of the heater?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) The student measured the temperature of the metal block every minute. The data
obtained by the student is displayed in the graph.
(i) What range of temperatures did the student measure?
From _______________________ °C to _______________________ °C

(1)
(ii) Before starting the experiment, the student had calculated that the temperature
of the block would go up by 36 °C.
The student's data shows a smaller increase.
Which one of the following statements gives the most likely reason for this?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The student does not read the thermometer accurately.
The block transfers energy to the surroundings.
The power supply is not connected correctly to the joulemeter.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q11.
The picture shows players in a cricket match.
(a) A fast bowler bowls the ball at 35 m/s. The ball has a mass of 0.16 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the kinetic energy of the cricket ball as it
leaves the bowler’s hand.
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Kinetic energy = ______________________________ J

(2)
(b) When the ball reaches the batsman it is travelling at 30 m/s. The batsman strikes the
ball which moves off at 30 m/s in the opposite direction.
(i) Use the equation in the box to calculate the change in momentum of the ball.
momentum = mass × velocity
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Change in momentum = ______________________________ kg m/s

(2)
(ii) The ball is in contact with the bat for 0.001 s.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the force exerted by the bat on the ball.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Force = ______________________________ N
(1)
(c) A fielder, as he catches a cricket ball, pulls his hands backwards.
Explain why this action reduces the force on his hands.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q12.
The diagram shows a worker using a constant force of 60 N to push a crate across the floor.
My Revision Notes AQA GCSE Physics for A* – C,

Steve Witney, © Philip Allan UK
(a) The crate moves at a constant speed in a straight line
(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the friction force acting
on the moving crate.
(1)
(ii) State the size of the friction force acting on the moving crate.
_________________________ N
Give the reason for your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Calculate the work done by the worker to push the crate 28 metres.
joule newton watt
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Work done = _________________________

(3)

(Total 6 marks)
Q13.
The diagram shows a helicopter being used to rescue a person from the sea.
(a) (i) The mass of the rescued person is 72 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the weight of the rescued person.
weight = mass × gravitational field strength
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Weight = _________________________ N
(2)
(ii) An electric motor is used to lift the person up to the helicopter.

The motor lifts the person at a constant speed.
State the size of the force, T, in the cable.
Force T = _________________________ N
(1)
(b) To lift the person up to the helicopter, the electric motor transformed 21 600 joules of
energy usefully.
(i) Use a form of energy from the box to complete the following sentence.

gravitational potential heat sound
The electric motor transforms electrical energy to kinetic energy. The kinetic
energy is then transformed into useful _________________________ energy.

(1)
(ii) It takes 50 seconds for the electric motor to lift the person up to the helicopter.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the power of the electric motor.
coulomb (C) hertz (Hz) watt (W)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Power = _________________________
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q14.
The picture shows an electric bicycle. The bicycle is usually powered using a combination of
the rider pedalling and an electric motor.
(a) A 36 volt battery powers the electric motor. The battery is made using individual
1.2 volt cells.
(i) Explain how a 36 volt battery can be produced using individual 1.2 volt cells.
To gain full marks, you must include a calculation in your answer.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) The battery supplies a direct current (d.c.).
What is a direct current (d.c.)?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) When fully charged, the battery can deliver a current of 5 A for 2 hours. The
battery is then fully discharged.
Calculate the maximum charge that the battery stores.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Charge stored = ______________________________

(3)
(b) When powered only by the electric motor, the bicycle can carry a 90 kg rider at a
maximum speed of 6 m/s. Under these conditions, the maximum distance that the
bicycle can cover before the battery needs recharging is 32 km.
The bicycle has a mass of 30 kg.
(i) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the bicycle and rider when the rider is
not pedalling.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Kinetic energy = ______________________________ J

(2)
(ii) The bicycle can be fitted with panniers (bags) to carry a small amount of
luggage.
What effect would fitting panniers and carrying luggage have on the distance
the bicycle can cover before the battery needs recharging?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q15.
(a) The diagram shows a builder using a plank to help load rubble into a skip.
The builder uses a force of 220 N to push the wheelbarrow up the plank.
Use information from the diagram to calculate the work done to push the wheelbarrow
up the plank to the skip.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Work done = ______________________________ J

(2)
(b) A student investigated how the force needed to pull a brick up a slope, at a steady
speed, depends on the angle of the slope.
The apparatus used by the student is shown in the diagram.

The student used the results from the investigation to plot the points for a graph of
force used against the angle of the slope.
(i) Draw a line of best fit for these points.

(1)
(ii) How does the force used to pull the brick up the slope change as the angle of
the slope increases?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) Consider the results from this experiment.

Should the student recommend that the builder use a long plank or a short plank
to help load the skip?
long plank short plank
Explain the reason for your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q16.
(a) The diagram shows a cable car used to take skiers to the top of a mountain.
(i) The total mass of the cable car and skiers is 7500 kg.
Calculate the weight of the cable car and skiers.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Weight = _____________________________________________
(3)
(ii) The cable car moves at a constant speed. It lifts skiers through a vertical height
of 800 metres in 7 minutes.
Calculate the work done to lift the cable car and skiers.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Work done = ________________________ J

(2)
(b) The diagram shows a skier who is accelerating down a steep ski slope.
(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the resultant force acting
on the skier.
(1)
(ii) How and why does the kinetic energy of the skier change?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Last year, 18 000 skiers suffered a head injury. It is thought that nearly 8000 of these
injuries could have been avoided if the skier had been wearing a helmet.
However, at present, there are no laws to make skiers wear helmets.
Suggest why skiers should be made aware of the benefits of wearing a helmet.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q17.
The diagram shows an adult and a child pushing a loaded shopping trolley.

(a) (i) What is the total force on the trolley due to the adult and child?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Which one of the terms in the box means the same as total force?
answer force mean force resultant force

(1)
(iii) The trolley is pushed at a constant speed for 80 metres.
Calculate the work done to push the trolley 80 metres.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Work done = ______________________________

(2)
(b) Complete the following sentences by drawing a ring around the correct word in each
of the boxes.
joule
(i) The unit of work done is the newton .
watt
(1)
heat
(ii) Most of the work done to push the trolley is transformed into light .

sound
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q18.
The diagram shows a motorbike of mass 300 kg being ridden along a straight road.
The rider sees a traffic queue ahead. He applies the brakes and reduces the speed of the
motorbike from 18 m/s to 3 m/s.
(a) Calculate the kinetic energy lost by the motorbike.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Kinetic energy lost = ______________________________ J

(2)
(b) (i) How much work is done on the motorbike by the braking force?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) What happens to the kinetic energy lost by the motorbike?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q19.
(a) The diagram shows an aircraft and the horizontal forces acting on it as it moves along
a runway. The resultant force on the aircraft is zero.

(i) What is meant by the term resultant force?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Describe the movement of the aircraft when the resultant force is zero.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) The aircraft has a take-off mass of 320 000 kg. Each of the 4 engines can produce a
maximum force of 240 kN.
Calculate the maximum acceleration of the aircraft.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Acceleration = ________________________
(3)
(c) As the aircraft moves along the runway to take off, its acceleration decreases even
though the force from the engines is constant.
Explain why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Q20.
A car travelling along a straight road has to stop and wait at red traffic lights. The graph
shows how the velocity of the car changes after the traffic lights turn green.
(a) Between the traffic lights changing to green and the car starting to move there is a
time delay. This is called the reaction time. Write down one factor that could affect the
driver’s reaction time.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Calculate the distance the car travels while accelerating. Show clearly how you work
out your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Distance = ________________________metres
(3)
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car. Show clearly how you work out your final
answer and give the units.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Acceleration = __________________________________
(4)
(d) The mass of the car is 900 kg.
(i) Write down the equation that links acceleration, force and mass.

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Calculate the force used to accelerate the car. Show clearly how you work out
your final answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Force = ___________________________ newtons

(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q21.
The Boat is a theme park ride. The Boat swings backwards and forwards. The diagrams
show the Boat at the top and bottom of its swing.
(a) As the Boat swings from its position in A to its position in B, a child on the ride gains
5070 joules of kinetic energy. The child has a mass of 60 kg and is sitting at the
centre.
(i) Write down the equation which links kinetic energy, mass and speed.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Calculate the speed of the child as the Boat passes through B. Show clearly
how you work out your final answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Speed = ________________________ m/s

(2)
(b) Sketch a graph to show how the gravitational potential energy of the child changes as
the Boat swings from A to B to C. The axes have been drawn for you.

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q22.
(a) A chair lift carries two skiers, Greg and Jill, to the top of a ski slope. Greg weighs 700
N and Jill weighs 500 N.
(i) Write down the equation that links distance moved, force applied and work
done.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Calculate the work done to lift Greg and Jill through a vertical height of 200 m.
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
work done = __________________________________

(3)
(b) The chair takes 5 minutes to move from the bottom to the top of the ski slope.
Calculate the power required to lift Greg and Jill to the top of the ski slope. Show
clearly how you work out your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
power = _________________________________ watts

(2)
(c) The chair lift is driven by an electric motor.
(i) Why would the power output of the electric motor need to be larger than your
answer to part (b)?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Complete the following sentence.
When the ski lift is working _________________ energy supplied to the motor
is usefully transferred as gravitational ____________________ energy.

(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q23.
A machine is used to lift materials on a building site.

(a) (i) Write down the equation that links change in gravitational potential energy,
change in vertical height and weight.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) A 25 kg bag of cement is lifted from the ground to the top of the building.
Calculate the gain in the gravitational potential energy of the bag of cement.
(On Earth a 1 kg mass has a weight of 10 N.)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Change in gravitational potential energy = ___________________ joules

(2)
(b) The conveyor belt delivers six bags of cement each minute to the top of the building.
(i) Calculate the useful energy transferred by the machine each second.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Useful energy transfer each second = ________________________ J

(1)
(ii) The machine is 40% efficient.

Use the following equation to calculate the total energy supplied to the machine
each second. Show how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Total energy supplied each second = ________________________ J

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q24.
The molten rock flowing from an erupting volcano can reach a speed of 8 m/s.
(i) Write down the equation that links kinetic energy, mass and speed.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of 1 tonne of molten rock flowing at 8 m/s.
(1 tonne = 1000 kg)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Kinetic energy = ______________________ joules

(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q25.
(a) The weightlifter in the picture has lifted a weight of 2250 newtons above his head. The
weight is held still.
(i) In the box are the names of three forms of energy.
gravitational potential kinetic sound
Which one of these forms of energy does the weight have?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) What force is used by the weightlifter to hold the weight still?
Size of force = __________________________ N
Give a reason for your answer _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) To lift the weight, the weightlifter does 4500 joules of work in 3.0 seconds.
Calculate the power developed by the weightlifter. Show clearly how you work out
your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Power = _________________________ watts

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q26.
The table shows the braking distances for a car at different speeds and kinetic energy. The
braking distance is how far the car travels once the brakes have been applied.
Braking Speed of car in Kinetic energy of

distance in m m/s car in kJ
5 10 40
12 15 90
20 20 160
33 25 250
45 30 360
(a) A student suggests, “the braking distance is directly proportional to the kinetic
energy.”
(i) Draw a line graph to test this suggestion.

(3)
(ii) Does the graph show that the student’s suggestion was correct or incorrect?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) Use your graph and the equation for kinetic energy to predict a braking
distance for a speed of 35 metres per second (m/s). The mass of the car is 800
kilograms (kg). Show clearly how you obtain your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Braking distance = ____________________ m

(2)
(iv) State one factor, apart from speed, which would increase the car’s braking
distance.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) The diagram shows a car before and during a crash test. The car hits the wall at
14 metres per second (m/s) and takes 0.25 seconds (s) to stop.

(i) Write down the equation which links acceleration, change in velocity and time
taken.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Calculate the deceleration of the car.
______________________________________________________________
Deceleration = ____________________ m/s2

(1)
(iii) In an accident the crumple zone at the front of a car collapses progressively.
This increases the time it takes the car to stop. In a front end collision the injury
to the car passengers should be reduced. Explain why. The answer has been
started for you.
By increasing the time it takes for the car to stop, the ___________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q27.
The diagram below shows one way of lifting a bucket of bricks.

(a) When the free end of the rope is pulled down, the load is lifted.
Complete the following sentence.
The work done in pulling the rope down is used to increase the _______________
energy of the ___________________ and bricks.

(2)
(b) The weight of the bricks is 100 N and they are lifted 3 m.
Calculate the work done on the bricks.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Answer ______________________ J
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q28.
The diagram below shows an experiment where a pendulum swings backwards and
forwards.
A pendulum is a small heavy weight suspended by a light string.

(a) (i) In which position, A, B or C, does the pendulum have least potential energy?
Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) In which position, A, B or C, does the pendulum have greatest kinetic energy?
Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) After a few minutes the size of the swings becomes smaller.
Explain why this happens.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) If the experiment were repeated on the Moon the pendulum would swing more slowly.
Suggest a reason for this.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q29.
The manufacturer of a family car gave the following information.

Mass of car 950 kg
The car will accelerate from 0 to 33 m/s in 11 seconds.
(a) Calculate the acceleration of the car during the 11 seconds.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Calculate the force needed to produce this acceleration.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) The manufacturer of the car claims a top speed of 110 miles per hour. Explain why
there must be a top speed for any car.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q30.
The diagram below shows water falling over a dam at the end of a reservoir. The water falls
a vertical distance of 10 m.
(a) Calculate the potential energy of 1 kg of water at the top of the waterfall.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Answer ________________ J
(2)
(b) What will be the kinetic energy of 1 kg of the water just before it lands in the pool?
___________________________________________________________________
Answer ________________ J
(1)
(c) Use your answer to (b) to calculate the speed of the water as it lands at the bottom of
the waterfall.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Answer _____________ m/s

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q31.
The diagram below shows water falling from a dam. Each minute 12 000 kg of water falls
vertically into the pool at the bottom.

The time taken for the water to fall is 2 s and the acceleration of the water is 10 m/s 2.
(a) Assume the speed of the water at the bottom of the dam is zero. Calculate the speed
of the water just before it hits the pool at the bottom.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Use your answer to part (a) to calculate the average speed of the falling water.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) Calculate the height that the water falls.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(d) What weight of water falls into the pool each minute?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(e) How much work is done by gravity each minute as the water falls?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(f) A small electrical generator has been built at the foot of the waterfall. It uses the
falling water to produce electrical power.
(i) How much energy is available from the falling water each minute?
______________________________________________________________
(ii) How much power is available from the falling water?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(iii) If the generator is 20% efficient, calculate the electrical power output of
the generator.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 13 marks)
Q32.
The outline diagram below shows a tidal power generating system.
Gates in the barrage are open when the tide is coming in and the basin is filling to the high
tide level. The gates are then closed as the tide begins to fall.
Once the tide outside the barrage has dropped the water can flow through large turbines in
the barrage which drive generators to produce electrical energy.
In one second 1.2 × 109 kg of water flows through the turbines at a speed of 20 m/s.
(a) Calculate the total kinetic energy of the water which passes through the turbines each
second.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(b) As the height of water in the basin falls, the water speed through the turbines halves.
(i) What mass of water will now pass through the turbines each second?
______________________________________________________________
(ii) By how much will the power available to the generators decrease?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(5)
(Total 8 marks)
Q33.
A racing driver is driving his car along a straight and level road as shown in the diagram
below.
(a) The driver pushes the accelerator pedal as far down as possible. The car does not
accelerate above a certain maximum speed. Explain the reasons for this in terms of
the forces acting on the car.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(b) The racing car has a mass of 1250 kg. When the brake pedal is pushed down a
constant braking force of 10 000 N is exerted on the car.
(i) Calculate the acceleration of the car.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when it is travelling at a speed of 48 m/s.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(iii) When the brakes are applied with a constant force of 10 000 N the car travels a
distance of 144 m before it stops. Calculate the work done in stopping the car.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(12)
(Total 16 marks)
Q34.
A car driver sees a dog on the road ahead and has to make an emergency stop.
The graph shows how the speed of the car changes with time after the driver first sees the
dog.

(a) Which part of the graph represents the “reaction time” or “thinking time” of the driver?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) (i) What is the thinking time of the driver?
Time ____________ seconds

(1)
(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in this thinking time.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Distance ___________________ m
(3)
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car after the brakes are applied.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Acceleration ______________________
(4)
(d) Calculate the distance travelled by the car during braking.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Distance ________________________ m
(3)
(e) The mass of the car is 800 kg. Calculate the braking force.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Braking force ____________________ N

(3)
(Total 15 marks)
Q35.
The diagram shows a diver diving from the end of a diving board.

The height of the diving board above the poolside is 4 m. The mass of the diver is 50 kg.
Gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.
(a) Calculate the gain of gravitational potential energy as the diver climbs from the
poolside to the diving board.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(b) The diver enters the water at a speed of 8 m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the diver as she hits the water.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(c) As she hits the water her kinetic energy is different from the potential energy she
gained as she climbed to the diving board. Explain why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) D
1
(b) C
1
(c) W = 300 × 45
1
W = 13 500
1
allow 13 500 with no working shown for 2 marks
(d) straight line drawn from 13 m / s to 0 m / s

1
finishing on x-axis at 65 s
1
[6]
Q2.
(a) (i) 100 (m)
1
(ii) stationary
1
(iii) accelerating
1
(iv) tangent drawn at t = 45 s

1
attempt to determine slope

1
speed in the range 3.2 – 4.2 (m / s)

dependent on 1st marking point
1
(b) (i) 500 000 (J)

ignore negative sign
1
(ii) 20 000 (N)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
500 000 = F × 25
or their part (b)(i) = F × 25

provided no subsequent step
2
(iii) (kinetic) energy transferred by heating

1
to the brakes
ignore references to sound energy
if no other marks scored allow k.e. decreases for 1 mark
1
[11]
Q3.
(a) 450
allow 1 mark for correct substitution,
ie 18 × 10 × 2.5 provided no subsequent step shown
2
(b) (i) friction between child (‘s clothing) and slide

accept friction between two insulators
accept child rubs against the slide
accept when two insulators rub (together)
1
causes electron / charge transfer (between child and slide)

accept specific reference, eg electrons move onto / off the
child / slide
reference to positive electrons / protons / positive charge /
atoms transfer negates this mark
answers in terms of the slide being initially charged score zero
1
(ii) all the charges (on the hair) are the same (polarity)
accept (all) the charge/hair is negative / positive
accept it is positive/negative
1
charges / hairs are repelling

both parts should be marked together
1
(iii) charge would pass through the metal (to earth)

accept metal is a conductor
accept metal is not an insulator
accept there is no charge / electron transfer
accept the slide is earthed
accept metals contain free electrons
1
[7]

Q4.
(a) (i) friction
1
(ii) air resistance

accept drag
friction is insufficient
1
(iii) Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written
Communication (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response.
Examiners should also refer to the information on page 5, and apply a
‘best-fit’ approach to the marking.
0 marks
No relevant content.
Level 1 (1–2 marks)

There is an attempt to explain in terms of forces A and B why the velocity
of the cyclist changes between any two points
or
a description of how the velocity changes between any two points.

There is an explanation in terms of forces A and B of how the velocity
changes between X and Y and between Y and Z
or
a complete description of how the velocity changes from X to Z.
or
an explanation and description of velocity change for either X to Y or Y to
Z

There is a clear explanation in terms of forces A and B of how the velocity
changes between X and Z
and
a description of the change in velocity between X and Z.
examples of the points made in the response

extra information
X to Y
• at X force A is greater than force B
• cyclist accelerates
• and velocity increases
• as cyclist moves toward Y, force B (air resistance)
increases (with increasing velocity)
• resultant force decreases
• cyclist continues to accelerate but at a smaller value
• so velocity continues to increase but at a lower rate
Y to Z
• from Y to Z force B (air resistance) increases
• acceleration decreases
• force B becomes equal to force A
• resultant force is now zero
• acceleration becomes zero
• velocity increases until…
• cyclist travels at constant / terminal velocity
accept speed for velocity throughout
6
(b) (i) 3360

ie 140 × 24 provided no subsequent step
accept 3400 for 2 marks if correct substitution is shown
2
joule / J
do not accept j
do not accept Nm
1
(ii) decreases
accept an alternative word / description for decrease
do not accept slows down
1
temperature
accept thermal energy
accept heat
1
[13]
Q5.
(a) (i) gravitational potential (energy)
1
(ii) kinetic (energy)

1
(b) (i) slope or gradient

1
(ii) area (under graph)

do not accept region
1
(iii) starts at same y−intercept

1
steeper slope than original and cuts time axis before original
the entire line must be below the given line
allow curve
1
(c) (i) 31
and

31
correct answers to 2 significant figures gains 3 marks even if
no working shown
both values to more than 2 significant figures gains 2 marks:
30.952…...
30.769….
65 / 2.1 and / or
80 / 2.6 gains 1 mark
if incorrect answers given but if both are to 2 significant figures
allow 1 mark
3
(ii) student 1 incorrect because 80 ≠ 65

1
student 2 correct because average velocities similar

ecf from (c)(i)
1
student 3 incorrect because times are different

1
[12]
Q6.
(a) potential
1
(b) (i) 13 200

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 660 × 20 provided no
subsequent step shown
2
(ii) 16.5
allow 1 mark for correct
or
correctly calculated
substitution, ie or
provided no subsequent step shown
2
[5]
Q7.
(a) (i) distance vehicle travels during driver’s reaction time
accept distance vehicle travels while driver reacts
1
(ii) any two from:

• tiredness
• (drinking) alcohol
• (taking) drugs
• speed
• age
accept as an alternative factor distractions, eg using a mobile
phone
2
(b) (i) 320 000
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie × 1600 × 202

provided no subsequent step shown
2
(ii) 320000 or their (b)(i)

1
(iii) 40
or
correctly calculated
allow 1 mark for statement work done = KE lost
or
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
8000 × distance = 320 000 or their (b)(ii)
2
(iv) any one from:
• icy / wet roads

accept weather conditions
• (worn) tyres
• road surface
• mass (of car and passengers)

accept number of passengers
• (efficiency / condition of the) brakes

1
(v) (work done by) friction

(between brakes and wheel)
do not accept friction between road and tyres / wheels
1

(causes) decrease in KE and increase in thermal energy
accept heat for thermal energy accept
KE transferred to thermal energy
1
(c) the battery needs recharging less often

accept car for battery
1
or
increases the range of the car
accept less demand for other fuels or lower emissions or
lower fuel costs
environmentally friendly is insufficient
as the efficiency of the car is increased

accept it is energy efficient
1
the decrease in (kinetic) energy / work done charges the battery (up)
accept because not all work done / (kinetic) energy is wasted
1
[14]
Q8.
(a) gravitational / gravity / weight
do not accept gravitational potential
1
(b) accelerating
accept speed / velocity increases
1
the distance between the drops increases

1
but the time between the drops is the same

accept the time between drops is (always) 5 seconds
accept the drops fall at the same rate
1
(c) (i) any one from:
• speed / velocity
• (condition of) brakes / road surface / tyres
• weather (conditions)
accept specific examples, eg wet / icy roads
accept mass / weight of car friction is insufficient
reference to any factor affecting thinking distance negates this
answer
1
(ii) 75 000
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 3000 × 25 provided no
or allow 1 mark for an answer 75
or allow 2 marks for
75 k(+ incorrect unit), eg 75 kN
2
joules / J
do not accept j
an answer 75 kJ gains 3 marks
for full marks the unit and numerical answer must be
consistent
1
[8]
Q9.
(a) 1800 (N)
allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 180 × 10 provided no
further steps shown
2
(b) 3780
or
their (a) × 2.1 correctly calculated
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 1800 or their (a) × 2.1 provided no further steps shown
2
joule
accept J
accept any clear indication of correct answer
1
(c) 0
reason does not score if 0 not chosen
1
work is only done when a force makes an object move

accept distance moved is zero
accept no energy transfer (to the bar)
accept the bar is not moving/is stationary
'it' refers to the bar/weights
1
[7]
Q10.
(a) (i) 24
allow 1 mark for converting time to 600 seconds
or showing method ie 14400/10
or
provided no further steps shown
2
(ii) 24
ignore any unit
or
their (a)(i)
1
(b) (i) 20 45
both required – either order
1
(ii) the block transfers energy to the surroundings

1
[5]
Q11.
(a) 98
ie ½ × 0.16 × 35 × 35 provided no subsequent step shown
an answer of 98 000 scores 0
2
(b) (i) 9.6

allow 1 mark for (change in velocity =) 60
2
(ii) 9600
or
their (b)(i) ÷ 0.001 correctly calculated, unless (b) (i) equals 0
1
(c) increases the time

1
to reduce/change momentum (to zero)

only scores if 1st mark scored
decreases rate of change of momentum scores both marks
provided there are no contradictions
accept decreased acceleration/deceleration
equations on their own are insufficient
1
[7]

Q12.
(a) (i) horizontal arrow pointing to the left
judge by eye
drawn anywhere on the diagram
1
(ii) 60 (N)
1
(at steady speed) resultant force must be zero

accept forces must balance/are equal
accept no acceleration
do not accept constant speed
1
(b) 1680
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 60 x 28 provided no
2
joule
accept J
do not accept j
1
[6]
Q13.
(a) (i) 720
ie 72 × 10 provided no subsequent step shown
2
(ii) 720
or
their (a)(i)
1
(b) (i) gravitational potential

allow gravitational
allow potential
1
(ii) 432
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie provided no

2
watt / W
1
[7]

Q14.
(a) (i) (connect) 30 (cells)
1
in series
1
(ii) current always flows in the same direction

or
current only flows one way
1
(iii) 36 000
allow 1 mark for correctly converting 2 hours to 7200 seconds
answers 10 or 600 score 1 mark
2
coulombs / C
do not accept c
1
(b) (i) 2160

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie ½ × 120 × 6 2
answers of 1620 or 540 score 1 mark
2
(ii) reduce it
1
any one from:
• draws a larger current (from battery)
• motor draws greater power (from battery)

accept energy per second for power
accept more energy needed to move the bicycle
• greater resistance force (to motion) / air resistance / drag / friction

accept less streamlined
more mass to carry is insufficient
1
[10]
Q15.
(a) 572
ie 220 × 2.6
allow 1 mark for
220 × 260 = 57 200
or
220 × 2600 = 572 000
but to score this mark the entire calculation must be shown
2
(b) (i) smooth curve drawn

accept a line that is extrapolated back to 0 degrees, but not
through the origin
accept a straight line of best fit (point at 40 degrees can be
treated as anomalous and line may stop at 30 degrees)
do not accept straight lines drawn ‘dot to dot’ or directly from
first to last point or a line going through the origin
1
(ii) increases
accept a positive correlation
do not accept proportional
1
(iii) long plank

no mark for this, the marks are for the explanation
makes the angle small(er) (than a short plank)

accept increases the distance
accept small(er) slope
1
a small(er) force is needed

or
short plank
no mark for this, the marks are for the explanation
a large(r) force is used over a short(er) distance (1)
less work done (1)

accept less energy transfer
1
[6]
Q16.
(a) (i) 75 000
accept correct substitution for 1 mark
ie 7500 × 10
2
newtons / N
do not accept n
full credit for using g = 9.8 or 9.81
1
(ii) 60 000 000

accept for both marks
their (a)(i) × 800 correctly calculated
accept correct substitution for 1 mark
ie their (a)(i) × 800
2
(b) (i) arrow drawn parallel (to) and down (the) slope
accept arrow drawn anywhere on the diagram
1
(ii) increases
1
GPE transformed to KE
or
speed increasing
accept is accelerating
however ‘speed increasing’ only scores if correctly linked to
increasing kinetic energy
1
(c) so more likely to wear one

or
they know wearing a helmet is likely to / will reduce (risk) head injury
or
so can make an (informed) choice (about wearing one)
1
[9]
Q17.
(a) (i) 50 (N)
ignore any units
1
(ii) resultant force

1
(iii) 4000
accept their (a)(i) × 80 correctly calculated for 2 marks
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e. 50 × 80 or their (a)(i) × 80
ignore any units
2
(b) (i) joule

1
(ii) heat
1
[6]
Q18.
(a) 47250
answers of 1350/ 33750/ 48600 gain 1 mark
allow 1 mark for correct substitution using both 18 and 3
2
(b) (i) 47250 or their (a)

accept statement ‘same as the KE (lost)’
ignore any units
1
(ii) transformed into heat/ thermal energy

sound on its own is insufficient
accept transferred/ lost/ for transformed
do not accept any other form of energy included as a list
1
[4]
Q19.
(a) (i) a single force that has the same effect as all the forces combined
accept all the forces added / the sum of the forces / overall
force
1
(ii) constant speed (in a straight line)

do not accept stationary
or constant velocity
1
(b) 3
allow 1 mark for correct substitution into transformed equation
accept answer 0.003 gains 1 mark
answer = 0.75 gains 1 mark
2
m/s2
1
(c) as speed increases air resistance increases

accept drag / friction for air resistance
1
reducing the resultant force

1
[7]
Q20.
(a) concentration / tiredness / drugs / alcohol
accept any reasonable factor that could affect a driver’s
reactions
do not accept speed or any physical condition unrelated to
the driver
1
(b) 31.25
credit for 1 mark correct attempt to calculate the area under
the slope or for using the equation
distance = average velocity (speed) × time
credit for 1 mark use of correct velocity change (12.5) and
correct time (5) or answer of 62.5
3
(c) 2.5
credit for 1 mark triangle drawn on slope or correct equation
or two correct pairs of coordinates
credit for 1 mark use of correct velocity change (12.5) and
correct time (5)
accept time = between 4.8 and 5.2 if used in (b)
do not accept an attempt using one pair of coordinates taken
from the slope
3
metres / second / second or metres / second / squared or m/s2 or ms–2

1
(d) (i) force = mass × acceleration

accept correct transformation
accept F = m × a
accept provided subsequent use of Δ is correct
do not accept an equation in units

1
(ii) 2250
credit their (c) × 900 for 2 marks
credit 1 mark for correct substitution
2
[11]
Q21.
(a) (i) kinetic energy = × mass × speed2
accept ke = mv2
do not accept KE = ms2

1
(ii) 13
allow 1 mark for correct substitution or transformation
2

(b)
if B is at the top of the curve - no marks
PE at A maximum
PE at B minimum
PE at C just less than or = to A
do not accept wavy lines or very non-symmetrical
accept straight lines or curves
1
difference between A and B is 5000 to 5200

1
[5]
Q22.
(a) (i) work (done) = force (applied) × distance (moved)
accept W = F × s or W = F × d
accept provided subsequent method is correct

1
(ii) 240 000

allow 1 mark for correct substitution or correct use of 1200 (N)
2
joules
accept J
do not accept j / Nm
1
(b) 800 (watts)

accept 0.8 kW
accept their (a)(ii) ÷ 300 correctly evaluated for 2 marks
(a)(ii) ÷ 5 correctly evaluated for 1 mark
2
(c) (i) any one from:
• needs to raise the chair / lift
• lifting more than one chair

allow lifting more than 2 people
implication of a heavier weight
• energy transfer to the surroundings

correctly qualified
accept loss for transfer
do not accept motor inefficient
do not accept motor gets hot
do not accept friction unless the location is specified as
external to the motor
1
(ii) electrical
accept electric
potential
both answers required for the mark
1
[8]
Q23.
(a) (i) gpe = weight height
accept Ep = mgh
accept pe= mgh
1
(ii) 1200
accept values using 9.8 (1)
2
(b) (i) 120
accept
1
(ii) 300
allow b(i) ÷ 0.4 for both marks
allow 1 mark for correct transformation
2
[6]
Q24.
(i) kinetic energy =
accept velocity for speed
accept KE = mv2
1
(ii) 32 000
accept 32 kJ
1
[2]

Q25.
(a) (i) gravitational potential
accept gravitational
accept potential
1
(ii) 2250 (N)

1
forces must be balanced

or
forces are equal and opposite
do not accept because it is not moving
do not accept ‘equilibrium’ by itself
do not accept ‘it is not balanced’
do not accept ‘forces are equal’
do not accept ‘forces are the same’
1
(b) 1500
1 mark for correct substitution
2
[5]
Q26.
(a) (i) linear scales used
do not credit if less than half paper used
1
points plotted correctly

all of paper used
1
(straight) line of best fit drawn

allow a tolerance of half square
1
(ii) correct and straight line through origin

all needed
e.c.f. if their (a)(i) is straight but not through the origin -
incorrect because line does not go through origin
credit a calculation that shows proportionality
1
(iii) 62 ± 0.5 (m)

credit 1 mark for KE = 490000 or 490kJ
credit 1 mark for correct use of graph clearly shown
2
(iv) any one from: wet or icy or worn or smooth road

accept slippery slope

brakes worn
accept faulty brakes
car heavily loaded

worn tyres
downhill slope
do not accept anything to do with thinking distance e.g. driver
tired or drunk
1
(b) (i) acceleration =
accept correct transformation
accept
accept m/s2 =
do not accept acceleration =

1
(ii) 56
accept –56
1
(iii) deceleration is reduced

accept deceleration is slower
accept acceleration
1
force on car and or passengers is reduced

accept an answer in terms of change in momentum for full
credit
1
[11]
Q27.
(a) potential; bucket/pulley
for 1 mark each
2
(b) 300
gains 2 marks
else working

gains 1 mark
2
[4]
Q28.
(a) (i) B unless unqualified
for 1 mark
1
(ii) B unless unqualified

for 1 mark
1
(iii) energy lost, doing work against

air resistance/friction
for 1 mark
1
(b) intensity of gravity less (not zero)

for 1 mark
energies/restoring forces less

for 1 mark
2
[5]
Q29.
(a) 3
gains 1 mark
m/s2
gains 1 mark
else working gains 1 mark

2
(b) 2850 ecf

gains 1 mark
N
gains 1 mark
else working
gains 1 mark
2
(c) friction/air resistance increases with speed;

till frictional = max forward force;
then force/acceleration is zero
for 1 mark each

alternative limitation for safety
gains 1 mark only
3
[7]
Q30.
(a) 100
gains 2 marks
else working
gains 1 mark
2
(b) 100 ecf

for 1 mark
1
(c) rounds to 14 (accept 14.142 or 14.14) ecf

gains 3 marks
else working to v2 = 200

gains 2 marks
else initial working v = 200

gains 1 mark
3
[6]
Q31.
(a) 20 m/s
gets 2 marks
Else working
gets 1 mark
2
(b) 10 m/s
1
(c) 20 m
gets 2 marks
Else working
gets 1 mark
2
(d) 12 000 N
gets 2 marks
Else working

gets 1 mark
2
(e) 2 400 000 J

gets 2 marks
Else working
gets 1 mark
2
(f) (i) Ans to (e)

1
(ii) Ans to (e)/60

Else working
2
(iii) Ans to (ii)/5

1
[13]
Q32.
(a) k = 1/2mv2
k = 1/2.1.2.109.202
k = 2.4.1011
for one mark each
3
(b) (i) 0.6.109
(ii) mass halved

speed halved
(speed)2 quartered
ke and/or power cut to one eight
for 1 mark each
5
[8]
Q33.
(a) there is a (maximum) forward force
drag/friction/resistance (opposes motion) (not pressure)
increases with speed
till forward and backward forces equal
so no net force/acceleration
any 4 for 1 mark each
4
(b) (i) F = ma
10 000 = 1250a
a=8
m/s2
for 1 mark each
4
(ii) ke = 1/2 mv2

ke = 1/2 1250.482
ke = 1 440 000
J
for 1 mark each
4
(iii) W = Fd
W = 10 000.144
W = 1 440 000
J
for 1 mark each
4
[16]
Q34.
(a) AB
for 1 mark
1
(b) (i) 0.7

for 1 mark each
1
(ii) 16.8
gains 2 marks
2
but correct working

(d = v.t, d = 24 × 0.7, or in terms of area under graph)
gains 1 mark
1
(c) a = (v-u)/t
= 24/4
=6
m/s2
(see marking of calculations)
(can work in terms of graph gradient)

4
(d) d = v.t
= 24/2 × 4
= 48

(can work in terms of area under graph)
3
(e) F = ma
= 800 × 6
= 4800
3
[15]
Q35.
(a) p = mgh
= 50 × 10 × 4 = 2000
J/Nm
4
(b) k = ½ mv2
= ½ × 50 × 82
= 1600
J/Nm
4
(c) work is done against air resistance

fall of her C of G differs from rise in climbing stairs
part of gained pe used to rotate body
diver gains PE on take-off
any 2 for 1 mark each
2
[10]

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Work Done And Energy Transfer

These practice questions can be used by students and teachers and is

Suitable for GCSE AQA Physics Topic Question 8463

Level: GSCE AQA 8463

Topic: Work Done And Energy Transfer

For more help, please visit exampaperspractice.co.uk

Tick one box.

(b) Which arrow represents the normal contact force?

Tick one box.

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work done = force × distance

Work done = __________________________ J

After 50 seconds the skier starts to slow down.

The skier decelerates at a constant rate coming to a stop in 15 seconds.

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Distance travelled = ______________________ m

Tick ( ) one box.

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Travelling at constant speed

(iv) What is the speed of the bus at 45 seconds?

The brakes are applied and the bus stops.

(i) How much work is needed to stop the bus?

(ii) The bus stopped in a distance of 25 m.

Calculate the force that was needed to stop the bus.

(iii) What happens to the kinetic energy of the bus as it is braking?

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(a) A child of mass 18 kilograms goes down the slide.

Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg

Decrease in gravitational potential energy = _______________ J

(b) The slide is made of plastic.

Give a reason for your answer.

(i) What causes force A?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

friction gravity weight

(ii) What causes force B?

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• between the points X and Y

• and between the points Y and Z, marked on the graph in Figure 2.

Extra space ____________________________________________________

A constant braking force of 140 N stopped the bicycle in a distance of 24 m.

Work done = ______________________________

(ii) Complete the following sentences.

At the same time, the ______________________________ of the brakes

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(i) What type of energy does the car have at X?

(ii) What type of energy does the car have at Y?

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Their results are shown in the table.

Distance RS Time taken Average velocity

(ii) Before the investigation, each student made a prediction.

• Student 3 predicted that the negative acceleration of the two trolleys

Is each prediction correct?

Justify your answers.

(a) Complete the sentence.

When the climber moves up the cliff, the climber

gains gravitational ______________________ energy.

(b) The climber weighs 660 N.

Work done = _________________________ J

Calculate the power of the climber during the climb.

(i) What is meant by thinking distance?

From _ °C to _ °C