PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA

124O V. Concepcion St., Sampaloc, Manila

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - JONELTA

Smart Bin: Automating Segregation for

Sustainable Disposal – How to Help
the Environment in an Easy Way?

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School of Perpetual Help College of Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the subject course

CAPSTONE

By:
Samson, Bea Bianca S.
Brucelo, Kimberly Grace L.
Frias, Enoch John I.
Fernandez, Anna Paulene
Buenviaje, Aleks Lanne

Submitted to:
Mr. Jim Lester Beleno

12 STEM Emerald
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BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - JONELTA

Abstract

The Smart Bin promotes sustainability through efficient waste segregation and increased
recycling, which contributes to a more sustainable future for our prosperous environment. Due to
the fact that our environment is experiencing phenomena that come from the excessive
production and improper disposal of waste, it has become imperative to find innovative solutions
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate disasters, including floods. This smart bin
incorporates advanced technology, such as sensors and artificial intelligence, to accurately sort
different types of waste, ensuring that recyclable materials are properly recycled and
non-recyclable materials are disposed of correctly, or the waste can be diverted into landfills.
Generally, people are used to the traditional trash bins that they see everywhere with the logo of
3rs. In contrast to the traditional bin, the traditional bin relies solely on human intervention for
waste disposal, which can often lead to errors and improper sorting. On the other hand, smart
bins increase the accuracy of waste sorting. According to Olusegun (2018), improper waste
disposal can have negative effects on the health risks of people in the community. Thus, the
researchers' main goal for this project is to contribute to the environment while also benefiting
the people in the neighborhood by mitigating the disasters that can occur due to improper waste
management. Fundamentally, by striving towards efficient waste management, it can foster a
sustainable future and improve the overall quality of life in the community.

Keywords: Smart Bin, Waste Management, Traditional Bin, Sustainable Environment,

Health Risks
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction

The environment is going through a phenomenon as a result of challenges with solid

waste management; it has been the problem ever since and up until now. One of the primary

issues is the inappropriate disposal of plastic garbage, which has contaminated land and aquatic

bodies. Plastic garbage decomposes over hundreds of years, posing a threat to animals and

marine ecosystems. The Philippines is well-known for being one of the top garbage generators in

Southeast Asia as well as a major contributor to marine plastic waste contamination. This is a

result of numerous reasons, including low recycling rates, challenges with collection, and

inconsistency in plastic packaging segregation in many local government units (LGUs). Data

from the Philippines demonstrate that only a small amount of plastic garbage is recycled or

disposed of appropriately, resulting in widespread littering and environmental degradation.

The ever-growing issue of waste management demands innovative solutions to minimize

our environmental footprint. In certain rural areas, communities lack access to recycling

facilities, leading to a culture of throwing away plastic waste without considering the

consequences. Every year, the nation overcomes the calamity of flooding, and one of the reasons

is inappropriate solid waste management, which causes drain blockage. The formation of

methane from anaerobic degradation of waste in landfills, as well as the release of nitrous oxide

from our solid waste-burning plants, have an impact on greenhouse gas emissions. These

phenomena are tough to overcome without changing approaches; they are an endless circle that

will continue to expand and harm our environment.

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Addressing this issue, governments have devised a variety of methods that can help to

reduce solid waste. These ideas include raising awareness about the necessity of proper garbage

disposal, building additional recycling facilities in rural regions, imposing stricter penalties for

littering and developing the 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle — to encourage sustainability and

limit the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or pollutes our oceans. Traditional waste is

also conferred by the government in different areas in a community. However, Traditional waste

disposal methods, often plagued by inefficiencies and contamination, necessitate a paradigm

shift. In this context, smart bins emerge as a promising technology with the potential to

revolutionize waste segregation and promote sustainable disposal practices.

This research delves into the concept of smart bins, exploring their functionalities and

how they automate waste segregation for a more eco-friendly future. We will investigate the

benefits associated with smart bins, including improved waste separation, increased recycling

rates, and reduced landfill waste. Furthermore, the research will examine the role individuals can

play in supporting the widespread adoption and utilization of smart bins. By exploring these

aspects, this research aims to demonstrate how smart bins offer an "easy way" to contribute to a

more sustainable environment.

Statement of the Problem

The study was conducted to help the environment to segregate waste in an easy way.

Specifically, this study aimed to provide answers to the following questions:

1. How can smart bin segregate waste in an easy way?

2. What does a smart bin contribute to environmental preservation?

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3. What are the possible negative effects on the health of the people can improper waste disposal

do?

4. How can it foster a sustainable future in the community?

Review Related Literature

This chapter contains literature and studies from different authors that have different

in-depth views, ideas, perspectives, theories, and observations to present a thorough treatment of

the problem.

Studies have shown that improper waste disposal has led to different phenomena and

disasters. This draws attention to the implications of solid waste management, and traditional

bins with 3 Rs became one of the solutions. However, some inventors took knowledge of the

inefficiency of this traditional bin and found more studies on how it could be improved.

According to Greg Lettieri (2023), he proposed a smart bin that represents a technologically

advanced evolution of the conventional waste bin, aiming to reduce landfill waste. Outfitted with

sensors, connectivity features, and data analytics, these bins enhance waste management and

recycling efforts, making the process more efficient, convenient, and sustainable for businesses

and consumers. Smart waste bins bring various benefits, including optimizing waste collection.

Unlike traditional methods with fixed schedules, smart bins utilize fill-level sensors and Intern of

Things connectivity to continuously monitor and transmit real-time data. This disrupts the

conventional approach, allowing waste management teams to prioritize bins nearing full

capacity, minimizing unnecessary trips and reducing carbon emissions associated with fuel

consumption.
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Another study according to Noiki et al., (2021) that the current methods of waste

management are insufficiently effective and efficient to deal with the increase in trash levels.

However, by using a smart trash can, which will enable efficient waste management. Large-scale

implementation of this smart technology is desperately needed in the world's poorest countries in

order to create a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. The widespread implementation of

smart trash cans offers a promising pathway towards creating cleaner, healthier, and more

sustainable environments globally (Noiki et. al, 2021).

Traditional garbage cans are commonly used, which results in excessive material and

human consumption and delayed governance. Gangyong Jia et al., (2019) stated that using

intelligent treatment of urban waste not only tackles a number of issues related to urban waste

but is also a crucial part of building a smart city. This statement highlights the importance of

using smart ways to manage city garbage. It fits with the study's focus on smart bins for

eco-friendly waste disposal. The study probably looks at how smart bins can improve on old

ways of managing waste and help make cities cleaner and greener.
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Significance of the Study

Studies have shown that smart bins make a big difference in mitigating the risks of

improper solid waste. This project has the same goal as the other studies, however, this smart bin

is more improved and efficient than any smart bin. The smart bin has multiple purpose, one thing

is it can detect the level of trash in the bin and it stimulates curiosity of individuals in where they

would place their trash since they are accustomed to the standard bin with 3 Rs. These wastes

will also assist to reduce trash in landfills by producing new materials, which will occur

automatically when they are placed in the recycling area. This would save time in recycling

waste products. It will form a new useful thing or even make a profit for it, they say "may pera sa

basura". The researchers will not only help to reduce the issue of environment but, also benefit

the neighborhood by making waste as a new thing.

Scope and Limitation

This research explores the potential of smart bin technology to revolutionize waste

management practices in both urban and rural areas, scrutinizing the unique challenges and

opportunities associated with their deployment across diverse environments. It addresses issues

such as infrastructure constraints and community participation. Our target audience includes

residents of urban and rural communities, with a particular emphasis on engaging our local

community. Through the investigation of successful case studies and a thorough analysis of the

technological and logistical aspects of smart bins, this study aims to provide insights into how

this innovation can facilitate sustainable waste disposal and environmental conservation. The
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limitations of our study encompass economic implications, policy analysis, geographic

constraints, limited community perspectives, and potential technological advancements.

Methodology

In this research, two main approaches were used: literature studies and qualitative

descriptive studies. The literature study involved reviewing past research and similar studies to

collect information. The qualitative descriptive study aimed to gain deep insights into

individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors about a specific phenomenon. It focused on

residents in urban and rural areas, with an emphasis on involving the local community beyond

Perpetual Help College of Manila. Open-ended questionnaires were utilized, which require

participants to answer in their own words. These questionnaires were crucial in assessing

changes in people's attitudes towards proper trash disposal following the introduction of the

smart trash bin project.

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CHAPTER 2

Overview of Addressing Environmental Concerns

Nations are facing a wide range of environmental phenomena. When dealing with this

type of problem, there are two possible causes: human activity or natural occurrences.

Regardless of where it comes from, the environmental consequences are evident. As the

consequences of climate change and the destruction of the ozone layer that countries are

currently experiencing generate a heat wave, it becomes increasingly apparent and critical for

nations to work together and develop solutions to mitigate these effects. Still, by collaborating

and developing creative solutions, we can ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.

The Philippines is vulnerable to natural disasters, primarily typhoons, floods,

earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. These natural calamities damage crops and properties,

displace people, and claim thousands of lives. (ph, 2014). Local governments have adopted

several strategies to address all environmental issues. Solid waste management is one of the

research's main priorities. It is stated that garbage is a major concern since it impacts water

drainage, produces floods, causes many types of sickness, etc. Until now, they have been solving

these challenges. Hence, the researchers observe and find more innovative ways to help the

environment and improve waste management practices. One of the key initiatives includes

promoting recycling and composting to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills,

ultimately contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment for all. This innovative tool is

called the smart bin. The smart bin utilizes technology to sort and compact waste efficiently,

making it easier for recycling facilities to process materials. By implementing these sustainable

solutions, the researchers aim to create a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future
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for generations to come.

Environmental issues arise from residents' complaints in a community. When it is

addressed to the locals, it will be an environmental concern for the nation. Making a change

might be difficult, but discovering solutions is often easier and can serve as a starting point for a

bigger change. Governments see it as a crucial part of taking action to protect not only our

environment but also to ensure the health and well-being of citizens.

The Smart Bin

Smart bins are an advancement over traditional waste bins because it utilize technology

to enhance waste sorting easier and more effectively. It can automatically identify between

recyclable and non-recyclable items using sensors and machines, improving the recycling

process and reducing the need for interaction between individuals. The two primary problems

that this invention addresses are the issue of illegal dumping and waste bin overflow. Smart bins

minimize litter in urban areas and natural environments by compacting waste, which effectively

reduces overflow and mitigates any damage to the environment. Smart bins' automated sorting

feature also prevents illegal dumping, promoting healthier and cleaner communities. Therefore,

the implementation of smart bins makes eco-friendly waste management methods easier for users

to follow.

In conclusion, smart bins are a creative way to increase the effectiveness of managing

waste. It addresses problems like trash overflow and illegal waste disposal by using technology

to automate sorting and reducing processes, eventually leading to a cleaner and healthier

environment.
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Effectivity of Smart Bins

The Smart Bin helps to create a more sustainable future for the modern environment by

effectively separating waste as well as promoting the 3rs. It will accurately sort different types of

waste everyone encounters, to ensure people that the wastes are all disposed perfectly.

Recyclable and non-recyclable materials are properly separated because of this Smart Bin. Solid

waste has been a problem ever since until now. However, Smart Bin will be a big help to solve

this unsolved problem of the environment.

Smart Bins impacted the waste management system by helping the environment to reduce

solid waste. It helps individuals understand how to better segregate garbage by putting the three

Rs into practice: reduce, reuse, and recycle. Because of this artificially intelligent bin, people are

also discouraged from littering anywhere, especially children, as they can easily recognize where

they should put the waste. Smart bins help to easily collect all the recycled materials that people

can utilize again in our surroundings/environment in case they need it again. It will increase

public awareness of the need for governments, in specific, to develop more Smart Bins in order

to aid the environment and manage the world's solid waste problem.

Efficiency of Smart Bins

In this modern-day, the garbage issue still has not been resolved and it is getting worse

until people are less concerned about it. Besides that, some people were not educated properly to

manage waste. Of course, the thing that humans cannot be neglected, recycling is the most

significant in waste reduction to ensure the environment has sustainability by using the recycle

component, “Reduce”, “Reuse” and “Recycle”. Unfortunately, people always forget about it and
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even have been educated since young. An Intelligent Smart Bin System that is introduced to

build for people to reduce waste since people are not willing to do recycling and ease of effort

for waste management and monitor the bins using the Internet.

By implementing Intelligent Systems into the smart bin, the bin can automatically

perform classification and sorting of different waste category and effectively communicating

with devices using the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and transmitting data to

the monitoring computer to monitor, data collection, analyse, and send information and make the

machine learn to enhance the performance of the smart bin then by applying robotics to allow the

sorting automation, and notify user from a long distance. The proposed system would have

greatly contributed to green technology to reduce human workload, increase the efficiency of

waste management, promote recycling practices, and provide a cleaner living environment.

Environmental Impact

The implementation of smart bins can have a positive environmental impact by

potentially reducing waste through optimized collection routes and promoting recycling efforts

with sorting mechanisms. Implementing smart bin technology can greatly improve waste

management systems' overall efficacy and efficiency. According to the study done by George et

al. (2021), installing smart bin systems is a workable solution for trash management, offering

some hope in the face of escalating environmental challenges. The importance of waste

management strategies to the overall objective of environmental protection on a global scale is

highlighted in the report. Furthermore, the threat of pollution and the unchecked buildup of trash

represent major threats to ecological balance and human welfare in contemporary society. The
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124O V. Concepcion St., Sampaloc, Manila
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - JONELTA

absence of official waste management protocols exacerbates these problems, underscoring the

pressing need for comprehensive solutions. Oscar Karnalim et al. (2021) also recommended trash

disposal trackers and smart bins because the Ministry of Environment can offer financial support

and smart garbage cans that enhance urban landscapes and hygiene are also competitive.

Municipalities can obtain important insights into garbage generation trends by utilizing

real-time data analytics, which enables more focused and preventive responses. Smart bins can

enable people to make better educated decisions about their consumption and disposal behaviors

by giving them timely feedback on their trash disposal patterns. This increased consciousness

promotes community involvement in larger sustainability projects as well as a sense of

environmental responsibility. Furthermore, smart garbage cans can help reduce overflowing bins

and littering in public spaces, leading to cleaner and more attractive urban environments. By

encouraging proper waste disposal habits, these innovative solutions contribute to the overall

improvement of city aesthetics and cleanliness.

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CHAPTER 3

Results and Interpretation

In order to verify the hypothesis and respond to the research questions, an analysis of the

data gathered is required in order to properly finish this study. As discussed in the previous

chapter, a descriptive analysis is given from the data.The analysis and interpretation of the

study's findings are included in this chapter. The data analysis and interpretation process is

completed in a single step. The analysis, which is based on the survey's findings, addresses a

quantitative data analysis. To determine the significance of the outcomes, statistical tests are also

carried out.

Survey Questions with Responses and Data

1. Are you familiar with the smart bin?

The researchers started their survey by asking about the respondents' familiarity with

smart bins, and based on the data, which has 13 respondents, 9 of them said "yes," which is

equivalent to a percentage of 69.2%. Only 7.7%, or equivalently, 1 respondent, said "no," and 3

people said "maybe," which equals 23.1%. This question will guide the researchers to further

investigate the knowledge and awareness of smart bins among the participants and whether they

can answer the following questions since they are somehow connected to this smart bin.
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2. What are the environmental events you have experienced already?

The responses show different experiences with environmental events, from personal

actions like clean-up drives and tree planting to facing natural disasters like typhoons and floods.

Some also mentioned government-led events like Disaster Awareness Month. Despite these

differences, everyone agrees on the importance of caring for the environment. Whether it's

reducing pollution or responding to disasters, these experiences remind us of how closely linked

our actions are to the health of our environment.

3. Do you think the smart bin is much better than the traditional bin?

Primarily based on the data that the researchers have collected, out of 13 respondents, 12 said

"yes," which indicates a high level of preference for the smart bin over the traditional bin. This

response shows the good idea of implementing the smart bin over the traditional bin. Some of

them explained that it has several advantages in the environment, community, and school. They

also speculate that it is an advanced technology, making it more convenient, efficient, and hassle

free for waste management processes and overall cleanliness. One of them says, "Yes, smart bins

are way better than traditional bins because they are more efficient and high-tech; they can also

automatically detect when they are full, help recycle by sorting materials, and make it easier to

clean waste." However, there is one person who says, "I don't think so."

4. Do you live in urban or rural areas?

From the responses gathered, it's evident that urban areas have been the primary setting

for environmental events experienced by the participants. Based on the data, a massive 92.3% (

12 out of 13 ) of the responses reported urban environments, while only 7.7% ( 1 out of 13 )
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mentioned rural areas. This suggests that most people have encountered environmental events

predominantly in urban settings, highlighting the significance of addressing environmental issues

in cities.

5. How does the implementation of smart bins affect waste management efficiency in urban

areas?

The implementation of smart bins in urban areas has shown to greatly enhance waste

management efficiency, according to a survey of 12 out of 13 respondents. Smart bins optimize

garbage collection routes and provide real-time monitoring of waste levels. This means that

waste collection trucks can be scheduled more effectively, reducing unnecessary trips and

improving overall efficiency. In addition, smart bins encourage recycling by providing separate

compartments for different types of waste, making it easier for residents to recycle. Not only do

smart bins contribute to a cleaner environment, but they also promote sustainability by

minimizing waste being dumped improperly. Overall, smart bins are seen as a positive addition

to urban waste management, offering safer and more efficient solutions compared to traditional

methods.
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5. How does the implementation of smart bins affect waste management efficiency in rural

areas?

Implementing smart bins in rural areas can significantly enhance waste management

efficiency. According to a survey respondent, out of 13 participants, the introduction of smart

bins makes waste segregation easier. This simple but impactful change streamlines the process of

separating different types of waste, potentially leading to more effective recycling and disposal

practices. By simplifying waste segregation, smart bins empower communities to take a more

active role in managing their waste, ultimately contributing to cleaner and healthier

environments in rural areas.

6. How can smart bins help cities improve waste collection efficiency?

Based on the descriptive data, it is concluded that smart bins provide several benefits to

both the environment and the people in the neighborhood. Respondents are qualified to explain

how this smart bin enhances garbage collection since they are experiencing a variety of

environmental occurrences. They stated it would help with garbage sorting and recycling. Some

responses indicate that it may assist reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lowering the risk of health

concerns in a community. Furthermore, one of them claims that "It can help cities plan ways for

garbage trucks, save money on fuel, reduce the use of fossil fuels, especially for garbage trucks,

and make the streets cleaner"; two of the respondents say that it also helps them identify where to

put their trash, so this smart bin is very efficient and convenient for them. In general,

respondents' feedback suggests that the smart bin not only improves garbage management but

also helps to create a cleaner, more eco-friendly atmosphere for the neighborhood.
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7. What are the potential environmental benefits of implementing smart bin technology?

The responses from the survey about the potential environmental benefits of

implementing smart bin technology indicate several key points. Many respondents believe that

smart bins can contribute to reducing waste and improving resource management. They mention

that these bins can help communities by lessening pollution and keeping streets cleaner. Some

highlighted the importance of easily segregating waste with the help of smart bins, which can

also lead to reduced carbon emissions. Others pointed out the efficiency of smart bins in waste

collection, mentioning metrics-backed information for better management and cost savings.

Moreover, respondents emphasized the role of smart bins in promoting environmental

sustainability, shorter waste chains, and higher recycling rates.Implementing smart bin

technology is seen as a way to save energy and conserve natural environments by reducing the

need for landfills. The responses suggest that smart bin technology has the potential to

significantly improve waste management, reduce pollution, and contribute to a healthier

environment and economy.

A survey helps the researchers have an in-depth understanding and analyze the potential

of smart bins to revolutionize waste management practices in both urban and rural areas,

scrutinizing the unique challenges and opportunities associated with their deployment across

diverse environments and how it would help the environment efficiently and sustainably. The

researchers are very grateful to the respondents for their extra effort and time in sharing their

knowledge, which will contribute to the benefit of this research paper. The insights gathered will

help the researchers find solutions and recommendations that will be beneficial for future

research and policy decisions aimed at promoting sustainable waste management solutions.
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CHAPTER 4

Recommendation

The recommendation will be based on the foregoing findings and conclusion. The

following recommendations were constructed with the intention of improving the overall

efficiency and effectiveness of the current paper. It is suggested that implementation of these

recommendations will result in a more simplified process and ultimately lead to better outcomes

for all those involved. The following are the recommendation offered by the researchers:

The recommendations were based on the survey results, which suggest that Smart Bins

are superior to traditional bins in terms of recycling sorting and convenience. They enable

real-time monitoring and improved waste collection in urban areas, while also enhancing waste

segregation in rural areas. Communities can collaborate to improve waste collection efficiency

and encourage everyone to use Smart Bins as garbage collectors. The survey recommends

promoting the environmental impact of smart bins through awareness campaigns and engaging

communities in waste segregation practices. Strategies to engage communities and educate

residents on the benefits of smart bins include designing outreach programs and raising

awareness about sustainable waste management solutions. It is also recommended to educate

residents on proper waste segregation and disposal practices to maximize environmental benefits.

School administrators and governments should encourage the implementation of Smart Bins as

an easy way to segregate wastes. Partnering with waste management companies can facilitate

wider adoption of Smart Bins. These recommendations aim to improve waste management and

create a positive work environment.

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CHAPTER 5

Conclusion
Carrying out a careful exploration of the effectiveness and efficiency of smart bins, along

with an analysis of their impact on waste management systems in both urban and rural settings,

this study unveils a promising pathway toward sustainable waste disposal practices. This study

highlights the potential of smart bin technology to transform environmental conservation efforts

by providing a solution to today's trash management problems. The findings highlight the

significance of smart bins in optimizing waste collection routes, promoting recycling initiatives,

and enhancing community engagement in environmental conservation endeavors. The

integration of smart bins into waste management systems has the potential to significantly reduce

operational costs and improve overall efficiency. By utilizing real-time data and analytics, smart

bins can help municipalities make informed decisions to better manage their waste streams and

reduce their environmental impact.

The recommendations of the investigation stress that it is essential to make appropriate

strategies for the promotional activities supporting the expansion of intelligent garbage

containers as part of solid waste management. In urban areas, people who have an interest in

facilitating the establishment of smart bins can as well help reduce environmental pollution by

largely facilitating their purchase and ensuring that society takes part in waste disposal. The

incorporation of smart bin technology into government regulations and educational institutions

can support efforts to further establish a culture of environmentally conscious and responsible

waste disposal. Additionally, partnering with local businesses and organizations to promote the

benefits of intelligent garbage containers can help increase awareness and adoption among the
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community. Leveraging social media platforms and organizing community events focused on

waste management can also be effective in promoting the use of smart bins. The study

underscores the pivotal role of technology in addressing pressing environmental concerns,

emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts between governments, communities, and

stakeholders to harness the full potential of smart bin technology for a cleaner, healthier future. ⁤
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