SLIDE 1- INSTRUCTIONAL PEDAGOGIES

SLIDE 2- INSTRUCTIONAL PEDAGOGIES has:

SLIDE 3 WHAT IS PEDAGOGY?

Pedagogy is the relationship between learning techniques
and culture. It is determined based on an educator’s beliefs
about how learning takes place.
At pag sinabi din nating Pedagogies requires meaningful
classroom interactions between educators and learners. So
yung goal po ng INSTRUCTINAL PEDAGOGIES is to help
students build on prior learning and develop skills and
attitudes.
For educators po yung aim nya is to present the
curriculum in a way that is relevant to student needs.
Shaped by the educator’s own experiences, pedagogy must
take into consideration the context in which learning takes
place, and with whom. It isn’t about the materials used,
but the process, and the strategy adopted to lead to the
achievement of meaningful cognitive learning ng mga bata
o students natin.
SLIDE 4 WHY IS PEDAGOGY IMPORTANT?

Importante po to kase yung mga students natin ay

kailangan ng proper approach that helps students move
beyond simple forms of thinking as defined in the Bloom’s
taxonomy pyramid, example po is the basic memorization
and comprehension, to complex learning processes like
analysis, evaluation, and creation. Students can leverage
their preferred learning styles with a teaching process that
supports them, and the way they like to learn.

SLIDE 5 WHAT ARE THE PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES?

(READ ONLY THE SLIDES THEN PROCEED TO NEXT

SLIDES)
SLIDE 6 1. BEHAVIOURISM

A behaviourist pedagogy uses the theory of behaviourism to

inform its approach. A behaviourist pedagogical approach
would say learning is teacher centred. It would advocate
the use of direct instruction, and lecture based lessons.
What does a behaviourism pedagogical approach look like
in a classroom?
The theory of Behaviourism in a classroom setting came
from pedagogical research by Thorndike (1911), Pavlov
(1927) and Skinner (1957). Behaviourist pedagogy is the
theory that the teacher should be the sole authority figure,
and leads the lesson. Knowledge should be delivered in a
curriculum where each subject is taught discretely (as
opposed to topic based learning, for example).

Behaviourism is also sometimes described as a traditional

teaching style.
What are examples of behaviorism?
An example of behaviorism is when teachers reward their
class or certain students with a party or special treat at the
end of the week for good behavior throughout the week.
The same concept is used with punishments. The teacher
can take away certain privileges if the student misbehaves.

SLIDE 7 2. CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism is a theory that people learn through
experiences and reflection. A Constructivist pedagogy puts
the child at the centre of the learning, and is sometimes
called ‘invisible pedagogy’. A constructivist approach would
incorporate project work, inquiry based learning, and might
adopt a Montessori or Steiner method.

What does a constructivism pedagogical approach look like in

a classroom?
Constructivism is based on the pedagogical research of
Piaget (1896-1890). Piaget wrote extensively about
‘schemas’, an idea that learners come ready to learn, and
the teacher must build activities to facilitate their learning.
Younger children work things through physically, whereas
older children tackle symbolic and abstract ideas.
A lesson might include individualisation, a slower pace,
hidden outcomes, the mantle of the expert, and less
teacher talk. Some adopters of this pedagogy would also
place emphasis on being outdoors, and engaging with
nature.
Constructivism is also sometimes described as a
progressive teaching style.
What is an example of constructivism in the classroom?
Allow pairs of students to teach each other. Learners pose
their own questions and seek answers to their questions
via research and direct observation. They present their
supporting evidence to answer the questions.
SLIDE 8 3. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
A Social constructivism pedagogy could be considered to be
a blend of two priorities: teacher guided, and student
centred. Cognitive psychologist, Lev Vygotsky developed
social constructivism, building on the work of Piaget, but
argued against the ideas of Piaget that learning could only
happen in its social context, and believed that learning was
a collaborative process between student and teacher.

What would a social constructivism approach look like in a

lesson?
The teacher would use group work elements, but would use
smaller group sizes, and limit the choice in topics. The
teacher might also use teacher modelling, questioning, and
a mixture of individual, pair, and whole class instruction.
example
Social constructivism stresses the need for collaborative
learning. Learning is promoted through collaboration
among students, and between students and teachers. ...
Some examples of collaborative learning activities are group
problem solving, group inquiry, simulations, and debates.
what is the difference between constructivism and social constructivism

So, kanina po I mention about the constructivism. The key

difference between the two theories stems from the
emphasis that each theory lays on experiences and social
interactions. In constructivism, the emphasis is on
personal experiences in constructing knowledge, but in
social constructivism the emphasis is on social interactions
and culture.
SLIDE 9 4. LIBERATIONISM
Liberationism is a critical pedagogy developed by the
Brazilian educator, Paulo Freire. Freire was the Director of
the Department of Education, and developed an approach
of teaching where he was able to teach illiterate adults to
read in just 45 days. Freire focussed on removing the two
barriers to learning: poverty and hunger. Freire was then
imprisoned following a military coup. Once he was
released, he wrote a book called 'Pedagogy of the
Oppressed' where Freire wrote about the dehumanisation
of students in schools, and argued for cooperation and
unity. A liberationist approach is one where the student
voice is placed at the centre, and a democracy is put into
the classroom. Value is placed on having the teacher as a
learner, and the class discovering subjects together.
What would a ( social constructivist ) LIBERATIONISM
approach look like in a lesson?
The teacher might use examples of literature that contain
non-standard constructions, such as hip-hop, or graffiti.
Students may take on the role of the teacher, and decide
upon the topic of the lesson. The teacher should provide
space and opportunity for the students to showcase their
learning, and this can take the form of a performance,
speech, or dance.
What is meant by liberationist pedagogy?
Originally coined by Paolo Freire, leading advocate of
critical pedagogy and Brazilian educator, liberation
pedagogy is an anti-oppressive educational approach
designed to liberate minds and level the playing fields
between teachers and students
SLIDE 10 5. INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING

Inquiry-based learning is a learning and teaching approach

that emphasizes students' questions, ideas and
observations. ... This form of learning enhances
comprehension—rather than memorizing facts and taking
notes, students are now encouraged to discuss ideas
among their peers.
An example of inquiry-based learning:
One way to incorporate inquiry-based learning in your
classroom is through oral history projects. Ask students to
research the personal histories of an individual of their
choice, conduct interviews with the person (if possible) and
create a presentation that includes artifacts, a feature
article, a personal memoir and a photograph.
SLIDE 11 6. SOCRATIC METHOD
The Socratic method (also known as method of Elenchus,
elenctic method, or Socratic debate) is a form of cooperative
argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on
asking and answering questions to stimulate critical
thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying
presuppositions.
An example of Socratic learning:
To implement Socratic learning strategies in your
classroom, arrange students in inner and outer circles. The
inner circle engages in discussion, while the outer circle
observes and takes notes. The outer circle then shares
their observations and questions the inner circle with
guidance from the instructor.
 SLIDE 12 7. PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

Problem-based learning uses complex, real-world issues as

the classroom's subject matter, encouraging students to
develop problem-solving skills and learn concepts instead
of just absorbing facts.

An example of problem-based learning:

Concept mapping is an engaging activity that helps
students tackle complex course concepts. Divide the class
into teams and present them with a course-related
problem. One team member writes down a solution and
passes the sheets of paper along to the next team member,
who builds upon that idea and then passes it along to the
rest of the team. In the end, a spokesperson can present
their ultimate solution.

SLIDE 13 8. COLLABORATIVE PEDAGOGY

Collaborative pedagogy believes that students will better
engage with writing, critical thinking, and revision if they
engage with others. ... Collaborative pedagogy strives to
maximize critical thinking, learning, and writing skills
through interaction and interpersonal engagement.
An example of collaborative pedagogy:
Set up stations or posters in a few locations around the
classroom and get students to participate in a gallery walk.
Divide students into small groups and have them rotate
between each station together sorting their observations into
categories. Finally, ask them to write down a list of questions
about the source material they are viewing.
SLIDE 14 9. INTEGRATIVE PEDAGOGY
Integrative learning is an approach where the learner
brings together prior knowledge and experiences to support
new knowledge and experiences. By doing this, learners
draw on their skills and apply them to new experiences at a
more complex level.
An example of integrative pedagogy:
Hands-on learning experiences, like community service, are
a great way to bring integrative pedagogy into the
classroom. Holding fundraisers, volunteering at local
schools or eldercare homes or preparing meals for those
experiencing food insecurity are forms of experiential
learning that can help students take part in community
service activities.

SLIDE 15 10. REFLECTIVE PEDAGOGY

Some strategies for reflective learning include discussing
the material, stopping and thinking about what was said or
read, and making an effort to apply the material to one's
own life.
An example of reflective pedagogy:
Conversation stations are a great way for students to
engage with their peers and reflect on their own learnings.
Instructors start by sharing a list of discussion questions
pertaining to a course reading, video or case study.
Students are put into groups and given five-to-ten minutes
to discuss, before rotating to another group. The students
who have just joined a group have an opportunity to share
findings from their last discussion, before answering the
second question with their new group.
SLIDE 16 11. CRITICAL PEDAGOGY

Critical pedagogy is a teaching philosophy that invites

educators to encourage students to critique structures of
power and oppression. ... In critical pedagogy, a teacher
uses his or her own enlightenment to encourage students
to question and challenge inequalities that exist in families,
schools, and societies.

An example of critical pedagogy:

Flipped classroom strategies aim to increase student
engagement and learning by having students complete
readings at home and then work on live problem-solving
during class time.

SLIDE 17
Over all po or as a Summary sa report naka assign sakin
Pedagogies are constantly evolving. You can develop your
own, inspired by common ones and modified for 21st-
century learning. A pedagogy must fit your audience, and
focus on helping students develop an understanding of the
material beyond basic memorization and surface
knowledge. Students should be able to relate concepts back
to the real world, and even their own lives.
The more aware you are of the way you are teaching, the
better you’ll understand what works best for your students.