Windshield Wiper Mechanism Dynamic Simulation in Automotives

1. 2. 3.
Imre Zsolt MIKLOS, Carmen Inge ALIC, Cristina Carmen MIKLOS
WINDSHIELD WIPER MECHANISM DYNAMIC SIMULATION

IN AUTOMOTIVES
1-3.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA, UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA TIMIŞOARA, ROMANIA
ABSTRACT: For monospaced automotives (MPV), windshield surface is large, which requires that for a
good visibility, the “cleaned” windshield surface to be as large as possible, meaning the driven
components trajectory (windscreen wiper arms) of the wiper mechanism to be well adapted to the
windscreen surface. This paper presents component and functioning of the windshield wiper on
Renault Scenic automotive. Analysis and dynamic simulation was achieved in 3D Autodesk Inventor
Professional modeling and design, considering that the mechanism is a multibody system (mbs). At the
same time it was made finite element method analysis to the mechanism main rod, by isolating her
from the rest of the mechanism in a moment of time where the loading mechanism is maxim.
KEYWORDS: windshield wiper, mechanism, dynamic simulation, connecting road
INTRODUCTION
For monospaced automotives (MPV), windshield surface is large (≈ 1,4 m2), which requires that
for a good visibility, the “cleaned” windshield surface to be as large as possible, meaning the driven
components trajectory (windscreen wiper arms) of the wiper mechanism to be well adapted to the
windscreen surface.
Windshield wiper mechanism arrangement from road vehicles is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. Windshield wiper mechanism Figure 2. Constructive solutions to the windshield

arrangement wiper mechanisms
In practice there are a wide variety of constructive solutions for windshield wiper mechanisms on
road vehicles, the most common being based on articulated parallelogram or anti articulated
parallelogram mechanisms as shown in figure 2.
Windshield wiper mechanism studied (from road vehicles Renault Scenic type), modeled 3D
using Autodesk Inventor Professional is presented in figure 3. Move and power transmission kinematic
chain consists of three parts:
a. - Primary transmission: It consists of crank drive, primary rod and crank element. Wiper arm from
the driver is completely bound by the crank element. Primary transmission is similar to a
connecting rod-crank mechanism and transforms gearbox output shaft continuous rotation motion
in crank element alternative (oscillating) rotation motion, necessary for wiper arms go-back
motion.
b. - Intermediary transmission: This element sends crank element motion to passenger windshield
wiper arm. Her parts are: secondary rod and intermediary hand crank.
c. - Secondary transmission: This transmission move passenger windshield wiper arm. It is an
articulated quadrilateral mechanism, who its parts are: tubular frame, secondary leverage, crane
„passenger” fixed on passenger windshield wiper and primary leverage (into fixed bond with axis
and intermediary hand crank).
© copyright FACULTY of ENGINEERING ‐ HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA 107

ANNALS OF FACULTY ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA – International Journal Of Engineering
WINDSHIELD WIPER MECHANISM DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS CONSIDERING THAT THE
MECHANISM IS A MULTIBODY SYSTEM
Windshield wiper from Renault Scenic road vehicle (figure 3) may be considered articulated
quadrilateral mechanism, in witch crank drive rotational motion is transmitted through the three
transmissions on two windshields wipers considered cross beam kinematic elements.
For analysis and dynamic
simulation that took into account a
simplified geometric model of the
mechanism (figure 4), type crank
handle-beam, 3D parametric
modeled in Autodesk Inventor by
applying properly assembly
constraints.
Kinematic couplers of the
kinematic model studied are
modeled by automatic conversion of
the assembly constraints (considering
that they were geometrically defined
correctly). All mechanism kinematic
couplers are rotation V class, for
example is the link conversion
between crank handle 2 and the
frame (exit from speed reducer), as
Figure 3. Mechanism part
shown in figure 5.
Mechanism drive motion is defined in kinematic couple between motional crank handle-frame,
such a rotational motion with constant speed, as shown in figure 6.
Figure 4. Windshield wipes Figure 5. Crank handle-frame kinematic couple modeling

mechanism with two arms
External loads consist of pressure

force on the windshield wiper blade on the
windscreen surface defined in figure 7, and
the friction force between the wiper blade
and windshield area defined in figure 8.
Because changing the direction of motion
friction force is not defined as a constant,
but is defined as a variable determined by a
Figure 6. Motion engage defining
curve in this meaning.
Figure 7. External loads Figure 8. The friction force
108 Tome XI (Year 2013). Fascicule 4. ISSN 1584 – 2673

Position Relative angular velocity
Relative angular acceleration Reaction force

Figure 9. Graphics kinematic and kinetostatic quantities variation
Kinematic model processing was performed using Dynamic Simulation Module (Autodesk
Inventor), which formulates itself and solve kinematic equations of motion (geometric constrained
analytical equations and kinematic constrained equation). Kinematic analysis parameters includes:
analyze type, duration, number of steps which is divided the length of time respectively tolerances
for solving the equations.
After model analyzing (processing) is determined windshield wiper mechanism kinematic
behavior, whose evaluation is performed in the next step post-processing (processing) of results. This
consists of drawing the variation diagrams versus time or another parameter, for kinematic quantities
of interest (positions, velocities, and accelerations), virtual model graphic animation, results reports.
In figure 9 is presented as graphics kinematic and kinetostatic quantities variation (position,
angular velocity and relative angular acceleration respectively reaction force) corresponding coupling
between group of training arm - rubber blade support 2 and mechanism connecting rod.
Windshield wiper mechanism finite element analysis
Because the windshield wiper mechanism analysis (dynamic simulation) was made with
Autodesk Inventor Professional program, finite
element analysis has been made with the same
program, with Dynamic simulation and Stress
analysis modules. The advantage of this option
compared to using other softwares, is the
existence of the geometric mechanism model,
respectively constraints (kinematic couplings)
and external loads, as well as kinematic and
kinetostatic results, on which (maximum values
at some moment on kinematic cycle) can be
analyzed by finite element method.
For finite element analysis was chosen
connecting rod element at the kinematic cycle
time step t=2,36s, where according to the
graphics from figure 10 reaction force from one
of the connecting rod couplings is maximum.
Next, finite element analysis is
performed by following the next steps:
Connecting rod element isolation (figure
11).
Kinematic couplings identification, by which
connecting rod is connected to the rest of Figure 10. Choosing the time step for analysis
Tome XI (Year 2013). Fascicule 4. ISSN 1584 – 2673 109

the mechanism (figure 12).

Choosing how to perform the analysis - by taking kinematic and kinetostatic quantities defined on
dynamic simulation, Motion Load option, in this case no need to redefine them.
Defining the mechanism elements materials.
Finite element analyze run (simulation).
Analyze report generation.
Figure 11. Connecting rod element isolation Figure 12. Kinematic couplings identification
Analyze report contains some
information on the obtained results in
table form (minimum and maximum
values) of different quantities, or
graphical form. For example, in figure
13 is shown the Von Misses stress
distribution in the main connecting
rod, for the chosen time moment.
CONCLUSIONS
Windshield wiper analyze and
dynamic simulation, considered
multibody system using a specialized
software (Autodesk Inventor
Professional) allows to obtain
kinematic and kinetostatic quantities
numerical or graphical form
corresponding to the elements and
kinematic couplers in any time moment
on kinematic cycle. Also it can observe
mechanism behavior by its movement
Figure 13. Stress distribution in the main connecting rod simulation during kinematic cycle.
After mechanism dynamic analysis, by taking the quantities corresponding movement,
respectively external loads, it can made finite element analysis, separately for each kinematic
element, analysis that is useful to shape design and dimensioning these.
REFERENCES
[1.] Alexandru, C: Aspecte privind analiza mecanismelor ştergătoarelor de parbriz considerate
sisteme multicorp, Annals of the University of Oradea, Fascicle of Management and Technological
Engineering, vol. V (XV), p. 591-600, 2006
[2.] Cioată ,V., Miklos, I. Zs: Proiectare asistată de calculator cu Autodesk Inventor, Editura Mirton,
Timişoara, 2009
[3.] Dolga, L., ş.a: Parametric and feature – based modelling with application in Catia and Inventor,
Editura Politehnica, Timişoara, 2004.
[4.] Gafiţeanu, M. ş.a: Organe de maşini. Vol. 2. Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, 2002.
[5.] Miklos, Zs: Mecanisme. Analiza mecanismelor, Editura Mirton, Timişoara. 2005
ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara
– International Journal of Engineering

copyright © UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA TIMISOARA,
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA,
5, REVOLUTIEI, 331128, HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA
http://annals.fih.upt.ro
110 Tome XI (Year 2013). Fascicule 4. ISSN 1584 – 2673

Windshield Wiper Mechanism Dynamic Simulation in Automotives

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1. 2. 3.

Imre Zsolt MIKLOS, Carmen Inge ALIC, Cristina Carmen MIKLOS

WINDSHIELD WIPER MECHANISM DYNAMIC SIMULATION

Figure 1. Windshield wiper mechanism Figure 2. Constructive solutions to the windshield

© copyright FACULTY of ENGINEERING ‐ HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA 107

Figure 4. Windshield wipes Figure 5. Crank handle-frame kinematic couple modeling

External loads consist of pressure

Figure 7. External loads Figure 8. The friction force

108 Tome XI (Year 2013). Fascicule 4. ISSN 1584 – 2673

Position Relative angular velocity

Relative angular acceleration Reaction force

Tome XI (Year 2013). Fascicule 4. ISSN 1584 – 2673 109

the mechanism (figure 12).

ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara

– International Journal of Engineering

110 Tome XI (Year 2013). Fascicule 4. ISSN 1584 – 2673

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