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    BLD 403 - Module 4

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    olasunkanmi olamide
    The document provides a worked example for designing a square pad foundation for a column subjected to loads. It details the design process, calculations for sizing the foundation slab, determining bending and shear reinforcement requirements, and provides the reinforcement layout.

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    BLD 403 - Module 4

    Uploaded by

    olasunkanmi olamide
    3 views10 pages
    The document provides a worked example for designing a square pad foundation for a column subjected to loads. It details the design process, calculations for sizing the foundation slab, determining bending and shear reinforcement requirements, and provides the reinforcement layout.

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    Ushdysh

    Original Title

    BLD 403- Module 4 (1)

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    The document provides a worked example for designing a square pad foundation for a column subjected to loads. It details the design process, calculations for sizing the foundation slab, determining bending and shear reinforcement requirements, and provides the reinforcement layout.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views10 pages

    BLD 403 - Module 4

    Uploaded by

    olasunkanmi olamide
    The document provides a worked example for designing a square pad foundation for a column subjected to loads. It details the design process, calculations for sizing the foundation slab, determining bending and shear reinforcement requirements, and provides the reinforcement layout.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    BLD 403: Design of Reinforced Concrete II

    Module 4:
    Worked Example on Design of Pad Foundation
    Question
    Design a suitable square pad foundation for a 350 x 350 mm column subjected to a dead lo ad of 700
    kN, an imposed load of 300 kN and a bending moment of 60 kNm on a soil with a bearing capacity
    of 160 kN/m2 . Assume a selfweight of 120 kN and a depth of 500 mm for the foundation slab, 16 mm
    diameter bars with fy = 460 N/mm2, fcu = 35 N/mm2 and a concrete cover of 50 mm.

    Solution
    Design data:
    Column: 350 x 350 Gk = 700 kN Q k = 300 kN
    MX = 60 kNm BC = 160 kN/m2 Self-weight of slab = 120 kN
    Cover = 50 mm Φmain = 16 mm Depth of foundation = 500 mm
    fy = 460 N/mm2 fcu = 35 N/mm2

    1. Size of Foundation Slab


    At serviceability limit state,
    i. N = 1.0 (Gs + Gk) + 1.0 Qk
    = 120 + 700 + 300 = 1120 kN
    N
    ii. Plan Area, A =
    Bearing capacity of soil
    1120 kN
    = = 7.0 m 2
    160 kN / m 2

    iii. Provide 2.7 x 2.7 m slab (Area = 7.29 m2)


    iv. Actual self-weight = Volume * Density of concrete
    = (2.7 * 2.7 * 0.5) * 24 = 87.48 kN
    The actual self-weight of the foundation (87.48 kN) is less than the assumed self-weight
    (120 kN). Hence, the assumed self-weight is okay.

    2. Bending Reinforcement
    At the ultimate limit state,

    i. P = 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk
    = 1.4 * 700 + 1.6 * 300 = 1460 kN

    P M
    ii. Earth pressure, w = ±
    A Z
    1460 60 * 6
    = ±
    2 . 7 * 2 .7 2 .7 3
    = 200.27 ± 18.29 kN/m2 .
    Since slab is designed per metre length,
    wmin = 181.98 kN/m and wmax = 218.56 kN/m as illustrated below
    Using similar triangles,
    y1 1.175
    = and y1 = 15.92 kN/m
    36.58 2.7

    Hence, y2 = 218.56 – 15.92 = 202.64 kN/m.

    202.64 * 1.175 2 1 2
    M max = + * 1.175 * 15.92 * * 1.175 = 147.21 kNm.
    2 2 3

    Mu = 0.156bd 2 f cu (d = h  cov er   = 500  50 16 = 434 mm ), ( b  1 m = 1000mm )


     Mu = 0.156 *10 3 * 434 2 35 *10 6 = 1028.42 kNm
    Since Mu > M max , compression reinforcement is not required.
    M 147.21 * 10 6
    K = = = 0.022
    f cu b d 2
    35*10 3 * 434 2

    Z= d  0.5  0.25  K  ≤ 0.95 d


     0.9 

     0.022 
    = d  0.5  0.25   = 0.975 d
     0.9 
    Use Z = 0.95 d = 0.95* 434 = 412.3 mm
    M 147.21 * 10 6
    AS = = = 817.04 mm 2 / m
    0.95 f Y Z 0.95* 460 * 412.3

    0.13 bh 0.13 * 10 3 * 500


    A S ,min = = = 650 mm 2 / m
    100 100
    Since A S > A S ,min , use A S ,min = 817.04 mm 2 / m
    Provide Y 16 @ 200 mm centres ( A s 1010 mm 2 / m ) in both directions.
    3. Check for shear

    i. Punching Shear: Section is okay if vc > v.

    With B  D  2700 , d = 434 mm and column 350 x 350 mm ,

    x = 2 (1.5 d )  350 = 2 (1.5 * 434)  350 = 1652 mm

    Punching shear force, V = w * shaded area ( w = w max )


    = 218.56 ( 2.7 2  1.652 2 ) = 996.83 kN

    V 996.83*10 3
    Punching shear stress, v = = = 0.348 N / mm 2
    Pcrit * d 4 *1652* 434
    f 
    1
    Design concrete shear stress vc vTable  cu  3
    =
     25 
    100 AS
    To determine vTable at = 1003*1010 = 0.233 and d  434 mm
    bd 10 * 434
    100 AS
    At = 0.15 and d  400 mm , vTable = 0.34
    bd

    100 AS
    At = 0.25 and d  400 mm , vTable = 0.40
    bd
    100 AS
     = 0.233 and d  400 mm , vTable = 0.34  83 (0.40  0.34) = 0.39
    bd 100

    f 
    1 1
     35 
    vc = vTable  cu  3 = 0.39   3 = 0.436 N / mm 2 .
     25   25 
    Since v < vc , the foundation is safe against punching shear.

    ii. Maximum Shear: Section is okay if v max, permissible > vmax,actual .

    P 1460*10 3
    vmax,actual = = = 2.403 N / mm 2 .
    Pcol  d 4 * 350 434
    v max, permissible = 5.0 N / mm 2 or 0.8 f cu= 0.8 35 = 4.733 N / mm 2 .
    Since v max, permissible > vmax,actual , design is okay against maximum shear.
    iii. Transverse Shear: Section is okay if vc > vt .

    Recall, vc = 0.436 N / mm 2 .

    With B  D  2700 , d = 434 mm and column 350 x 350 mm ,

    The shaded area  2700 * 741

    V = w * Shaded area = 218.56* 2.7 * 0.741 = 437.3 kN

    V
    vt = ( b  L  2700 )
    b*d

    V 437.3 *10 3
    vt = = = 0.373 N / mm 2
    L*d 2700* 434

    Since vt < vc , the foundation is safe against transverse shear. Hence, shear reinforcement (links) is not
    required.
    The reinforcement detail presented below shows the following.

    i. 01- Bar number depicting reinforcement bars of same diameter and length.

    ii. 15Y16-200 depicts 15 number of 16 mm diameter high yield steel bars distributed at
    200 mm centres.

    iii. 75 mm kicker- A guide to ensure the proper placement of the column.

    iv. Starter bar- A guide to ensure the continuity between the foundation and column
    reinforcing bars.
    • In addition, the following are relevant requirements for good
    foundation design.

    i. Minimum grade of concrete for foundation is 35 N/mm2.

    ii. 75 mm cover is required when concrete is cast directly


    against the ground and 50 mm when cast against blinding.

    iii. As for floor slab, bar spacing should not exceed 3d or


    750 mm in order to prevent the cracking of concrete.

    Note:
    You should be able to apply this example for the design of a
    pad foundation under an axially loaded column or column
    subjected to axial load and biaxial bending.
    For axial load only: Moment = wL2/2 and w = P/A.
    For axial load + biaxial bending: M = Enhanced moment.

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