Page 1 of 11

This question is about models of the atom.

1.
(a) Atoms were first thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.

Which particle was discovered to change this model of the atom?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Electron

Neutron

Proton

(1)

(b) The diagram below shows another model of the atom.

What is the name of this model of the atom?

Plum Pudding model

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

www.accesstuition.com Page 2 of 11
(c) A scientist fired particles at gold atoms.

Some of these particles were scattered.

The results led to a different model of the atom.

Which type of particle was fired at the gold atoms?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Alpha

Electron

Neutron

Proton

(1)

(d) Which scientist first suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Bohr

Chadwick

Mendeleev

(1)

www.accesstuition.com Page 3 of 11
(e) The model of the atom used today has three subatomic particles:
• electrons
• neutrons
• protons.

Complete the sentences.

Atoms of the same element have the same atomic number because they have the

protons
same number of _______________.

Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers because they have

neutrons
different numbers of _______________.

Atoms have no overall charge because they have the same number of

electrons
_______________ protons
and _______________.
(3)

(f) The radius of a nucleus is approximately 1 × 10–14 m

The radius of an atom is approximately 1 × 10–10 m

A teacher uses a ball of radius 1 cm to represent the nucleus.

What could represent the atom on the same scale?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

A ball of radius 10 cm

A sports arena of radius 100 m

An island of radius 10 km

A planet of radius 1000 km

(1)
(Total 8 marks)

www.accesstuition.com Page 4 of 11
 This question is about the development of scientific theories.
2.
The diagram below shows a timeline of some important steps in the development of the model of
the atom.

(a) The plum pudding model did not have a nucleus.

Describe three other differences between the nuclear model of the atom and the plum
pudding model.
Plum pudding model suggested atoms were round and hollow whereas
1 _________________________________________________________________
nuclear model disproved this Mostly empty space (nuclear model)
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Nuclear model accounted for neutrons

2 _________________________________________________________________

Positive charge in the nucleus (nuclear model)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Plum pudding model suggested electrons suggested a positively charged nucleus

3 _________________________________________________________________
Mass is concentrated in the nucleus
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

www.accesstuition.com Page 5 of 11
(b) Niels Bohr adapted the nuclear model.

Describe the change that Bohr made to the nuclear model.

Added neutrons
___________________________________________________________________

Electrons orbit the nucleus and different distances

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Mendeleev published his periodic table in 1869.

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of atomic weight.

Mendeleev then reversed the order of some pairs of elements.

A student suggested Mendeleev’s reason for reversing the order was to arrange the
elements in order of atomic number.

Explain why the student’s suggestion cannot be correct.

Use the diagram above.

Protons and electrons had not been discovered yet thus they could not order
___________________________________________________________________
them based on this
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) Give the correct reason why Mendeleev reversed the order of some pairs of elements.

In order of atomic weight Properties matched rest of group

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

www.accesstuition.com Page 6 of 11
 This question is about atomic structure.
3.
(a) Atoms contain subatomic particles.

The table below shows properties of two subatomic particles.

Complete the table.

Name of particle Relative mass Relative charge

neutron 1 0

proton 1 +1

(2)

An element X has two isotopes.

The isotopes have different mass numbers.

(b) Define mass number.

Number of protons + neutrons
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Why is the mass number different in the two isotopes?

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

www.accesstuition.com Page 7 of 11
 (d) The model of the atom changed as new evidence was discovered.

The plum pudding model suggested that the atom was a ball of positive charge with
electrons embedded in it.

Evidence from the alpha particle scattering experiment led to a change in the model of the
atom from the plum pudding model.

Explain how.

It suggested that there was a sea of electrons that orbited a positively charged nucleus
___________________________________________________________________
since some electrons were attracted in the alpha particle scattering experiment as opposed
___________________________________________________________________
to repelled
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
Most Alpha particles passed through
___________________________________________________________________
Mass of atom is concentrated in the nucleus/atom is mostly empty space
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
Some particles were deflected
___________________________________________________________________
So have a positively charged nucleus
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

The diagram below represents different models of the atom.

4.

(a) Which diagram shows the plum pudding model of the atom?

Tick one box.

(1)

www.accesstuition.com Page 8 of 11
(b) Which diagram shows the model of the atom developed from the alpha particle scattering
experiment?

Tick one box.

(1)

(c) Which diagram shows the model of the atom resulting from Bohr’s work?

Tick one box.

(1)

(d) Define the mass number of an atom.

Number of protons + neutrons

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) Element X has two isotopes. Their mass numbers are 69 and 71

The percentage abundance of each isotope is:

• 60% of 69X
• 40% of 71X

Estimate the relative atomic mass of element X.

Tick one box.

< 69.5

Between 69.5 and 70.0

Between 70.0 and 70.5

> 70.5

(1)

www.accesstuition.com Page 9 of 11
 (f) Chadwick’s experimental work on the atom led to a better understanding of isotopes.

Explain how his work led to this understanding.

Chadwick proved the existence of protons. This meant that atoms that had the same
___________________________________________________________________
atomic number but a different mass number were isotopes since they had a different
___________________________________________________________________
number of neutrons
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

This question is about atoms.

5.
(a) What does the number 19 represent in ?
Number of protons + neutrons (mass number)
___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) How many atoms are present in one mole of fluorine atoms?

Tick (✔) one box.

2.03 × 1026

2.06 × 1023

6.02 × 1023

6.02 × 1026

(1)

www.accesstuition.com Page 10 of 11
 (c) The plum pudding model of the atom was replaced by the nuclear model.

The nuclear model was developed after the alpha particle scattering experiment.

Compare the plum pudding model with the nuclear model of the atom.

The plum pudding model stated that there was a positively charged sphere with
___________________________________________________________________
electrons scattered whereas the nuclear model accounted for a positively charged nucleus
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
that has electrons orbit it

___________________________________________________________________

Similarities Differences
___________________________________________________________________
1) Both have positive charges 1) Ball of positive charge (plum pudding) vs positive charge
___________________________________________________________________
concentrated at centre (nuclear model
___________________________________________________________________
2) Both have electrons 2) Electrons spread throughout (plum pudding) vs electrons outside
nucleus
___________________________________________________________________
3) Neither has neutrons 3) No empty space (plum pudding) vs mostly empty space (nuclear (4)
model)
(d) An element has three isotopes.

The table shows the mass numbers and percentage of each isotope.

Isotope 1 Isotope 2 Isotope 3

Mass number 24 25 26

Percentage (%) 78.6 10.1 11.3

Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of the element.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
24.3
Relative atomic mass = ____________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

www.accesstuition.com Page 11 of 11