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ACS (INTERNATIONAL)

YEAR 6 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2023

IB CHEMISTRY Name:

STANDARD LEVEL

PAPER 2 Tutor group:

3rd July 2023 Subject Group: SL Chem Group 1 / 2

1 hour 15 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name and tutor group in the boxes above.

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
• Answer all questions.
• Write your answers in the boxes provided.
• A calculator is required for this paper.
• A clean copy of the Chemistry data booklet is required for this paper.
• The maximum mark for the examination paper is [50 marks].
• There are a total of 17 pages in this booklet.

For Examiner’s Use

Total / 50
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Answer all questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1. When heated in air, magnesium ribbon reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
[1]
(a) (i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs.

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(ii) Identify a metal, in the same period as magnesium, that does not form a basic [1]
oxide.

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(b) The reaction in (a)(i) was carried out in a crucible with a lid, and the following data were
recorded:

Mass of crucible and lid = 47.372 ± 0.001 g

Mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon before heating = 53.726 ± 0.001 g
Mass of crucible, lid and product after heating = 56.941 ± 0.001 g

(i) Calculate the amount of magnesium, in mol, that was used. [1]

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(ii) Determine the percentage uncertainty of the mass of the product after heating. [1]

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(iii) Assume the reaction in (a)(i) is the only one occurring, and it goes to completion, but
some product has been lost from the crucible. Deduce the percentage yield of
magnesium oxide in the crucible. [1]

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(c) When magnesium is burnt in air, some of it reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride
according to the equation:

3 Mg (s) + N2 (g) → Mg3N2 (s)

(i) Evaluate whether this, rather than the loss of product, could explain the yield found in
(b)(iii). [1]

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(ii) Suggest an explanation, other than the product being lost from the crucible or reacting
with nitrogen, that could explain the yield found in (b)(iii). [1]

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(d) The presence of magnesium nitride can be demonstrated by adding water to the product. It
is hydrolysed to form magnesium hydroxide and ammonia.

(i) Determine the coefficients that balance the equation for the following reaction. [1]

_____ Mg3N2 (s) + ______ H2O (l) → ______ Mg(OH)2 (s) + ______ NH3 (aq)
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(ii) Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in Mg 3N2 and in NH3. [1]

Mg3N2: ………………………………………………………..

NH3: ……………………………………………………………

(iii) Deduce, giving reasons, whether the reaction of magnesium nitride with water is an
acid–base reaction, a redox reaction, neither or both. [2]

Acid-base: Yes / No

Reason: ……………………………………………………………………………………………......................
...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
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Redox: Yes / No

Reason: ………………………………………………………………………………………..............................
...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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(e) Most nitride ions are 14N3-.

(i) State the number of subatomic particles in this ion. [1]

Protons: …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Neutrons …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Electrons: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) The nitride ion and the magnesium ion are isoelectronic. Determine, giving a reason, [1]
which has the greater ionic radius.

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(f) Suggest two reasons why atoms are no longer regarded as the indivisible units of matter. [2]

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(g) State the types of bonding in magnesium, oxygen and magnesium oxide, and how the [3]
valence electrons produce these types of bonding.

Substance Bond type How the valence electrons produce these bonds

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Magnesium …………………… ……...…………………………………………………………………
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Oxygen …………………… …...……………………………………………………………………
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.…………………………………….................................................
Magnesium oxide …………………… ……...…………………………………………………………………
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[Total: 18 marks]
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2. (a) An electrochemical cell is set up to measure the standard electrode potential of a cell, Ecell,
-
made of a Co3+ / Co2+ half-cell and a Cl2 / Cl half-cell.
- 
Co3+(aq) + e → Co2+ (aq) E = +1.82 V
- - 
½ Cl2 (g) + e → Cl E = +1.36V

(i) Complete the table with the substance used to make the electrode in each of these [1]
half-cells.

Half - cell Electrode

Co3+ / Co2+ ………………………………………………………………

Cl2 / Cl- ………………………………………………………………

(ii) Use data from the Data Booklet to calculate the Ecell, [1]

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(iii) Write the equation for the overall cell reaction. [1]

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(b) The following series of reactions can determine the biochemical oxygen demand of a water
sample. The final step is titration of the sample with sodium thiosulfate solution, Na 2S2O3
(aq).

2Mn2+ (aq) + O2 (aq) + 4OH- (aq) → 2MnO2 (s) + 2H2O (l)

MnO2 (s) + 2I- (aq) + 4H+ (aq) → Mn2+ (aq) + I2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

2S2O32- (aq) + I2 (aq) → 2I- (aq) +S4O62- (aq)

A student analysed two 300.0 cm 3 samples of water taken from the school pond: one
immediately (day 0), and the other after leaving it sealed in a dark cupboard for five days
(day 5). The following results were obtained for the titration of the samples with 0.0100 mol
dm−3 Na2S2O3 (aq).

Sample Titre (0.1cm3)

Day 0 25.8
Day 5 20.1

(i) Determine the mole ratio of S2O32− to O2, using the balanced equations [1]

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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in the day 0 sample. [1]

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(iii) The day 5 sample contained 5.03 × 10−5 moles of oxygen. Determine the 5-day [2]
biochemical oxygen demand of the pond in mg dm −3 (“parts per million”, ppm).

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[Total: 7 marks]
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3. Cobalt is a transition element found in the d-block of the periodic table.

(a) In an aqueous solution of cobalt(III) chloride, the cobalt exists as [Co(H 2O)6]3+, [CoCl(H2O)5]2+
or [CoCl2(H2O)4]+ depending on the concentration of chloride ions in the solution.

Outline, giving the full electron configuration of cobalt in the complex [CoCl 2(H2O)4]+, what is [2]
meant by the term transition metal.

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(b) When [CoCl2(H2O)4]+ is reacted with an excess of aqueous ammonia it forms Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl [1]
complex by a ligand exchange reaction.

What is the oxidation state of the metal ion and charge of the complex ion in [Co(NH 3)4Cl2]Cl?

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[Total: 3 marks]
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4. Nitrogen can form both ionic and covalent compounds. Potassium azide, KN 3 is an ionic
compound that can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of other compounds and
materials. It is the potassium salt of hydrazoic acid and crystallizes in a tetragonal lattice structure.

(a) Draw the two possible Lewis structures of azide ion. [1]

Lewis structure 1 Lewis structure 2

(b) Predict the bond angles in each case and give your reasoning. [2]

Bond angle in structure 1: ……………………………………………………………………

Reasoning:
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Bond angle in structure 2: ……………………………………………………………………

Reasoning:
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[Total: 3 marks]
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5. White phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus and exists as P4.

White phosphorus (P4) combines with chlorine gas to form phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), following
which an equilibrium is established between PCl3 and PCl5.

PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)  PCl5 (g) H = −92.5 kJ mol−1

(a) State the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for this reaction. [1]

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(b) State, with a reason, the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of this [1]
equilibrium.

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[Total: 2 marks]
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6. Sodium hydrogen carbonate can be directly reacted with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium
chloride, carbon dioxide and water:

NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

The reaction, to give exactly the same products, could also be carried out by first thermally
decomposing the sodium hydrogen carbonate and then reacting the sodium carbonate produced
with the hydrochloric acid.

(a) Give the balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of sodium [1]
hydrogencarbonate.

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(b) Given the following values, construct a Hess’s cycle to determine the enthalpy change for [2]
the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Substance Hf (kJmol-1)

NaHCO3(s) –950.8
Na2CO3(s) –1130.7
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(c) The standard enthalpy changes for the reactions between NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 with HCl [2]
are found to be -140 kJ mol-1 and -370 kJmol-1, respectively. Calculate the enthalpy change
for the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate.

[Total: 5 marks]
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7. The manufacture of various organic compounds is important in daily life. One of the basic reactants
used is ethene.

(a) Draw and name the structure of the final product formed when ethene is treated with the
following reagents:

(i) water in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid: [1]

Skeletal structure of compound A

………………………………...………………………………………
Name of compound A

(ii) hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst: [1]

Condensed formula of compound B

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Name of compound B
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(b) Compound B can also be used to manufacture compound A in a two-step process.

(i) In the first step, it is reacted with chlorine in the presence of UV light to produce [3]
compound C. Outline the mechanism for this process in the formation of compound
C.

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Compound C is then converted to compound A in the second step.

(ii) Give the name of this process and the reagents needed for this conversion. [1]

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(c) Compound A is oxidised in the presence of acidified potassium permanganate to form

compounds D and E. Compound E has a low pH.

(i) Describe how compounds D and E are separated. [1]

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(ii) Compound E is reacted with Compound A to form compound F. Identify and draw [1]
the structure of compound F.

Full structural formula of compound F

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Name of compound F

(d) Arrange compounds A – F in the order of increasing melting points and explain your [4]
answer.

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[Total: 12 marks]

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