DEAF DRIVER’S HORN ALERTING SYSTEM

ELECTRONIC DESIGN WORKSHOP (U20ECP612)

Submitted by

SURENDHAR M REGISTER NO: 20UEC172

RAHUL.S.A REGISTER NO: 20UEC135
SRIRAM S REGISTER NO: 20UEC164

Under the Guidance of

V.M.Navaneethakrishnan
Assistant Professor

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
MADAGADIPET, PUDUCHERRY-605107

PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY, PUDUCHERRY-605014

AUGUST 2023
 PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
PUDUCHERRY-605014
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project work entitled “DEAF DRIVER’S HORN ALERTING
SYSTEM” is a bonafide work done by, RAHUL.S.A [REGISTER NO: 20UEC135],
SURENDHAR M [REGISTER NO: 20UEC172], SRIRAM .S [ REGISTER NO: 20UEC164]
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology degree in the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering during the academic year 2023.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDED BY

V.M.Navaneethakrishnan
Dr. P. Raja
Assistant Professor, ECE
Professor, ECE

Submitted for the University Viva-Voce Examination held on ..........................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, we would like to thank our guide, V.M.Navaneethakrishnan, Assistant
Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for the valuable
guidance and advice. He inspired us greatly to work in this mini project. His ability to
inspire us has made an enormous contribution to our project.

We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to Dr. P. RAJA,
Professor and Head of the Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering,for
giving us valuable suggestions. He has always been a source of inspiration and
encouragement towards the project.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank our respected Director cum
Principal, Dr. V.S.K. VENKATACHALAPATHY and our Management for providing
us the best ambience to complete this project.

We would like to thank all the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department
Teaching Staff and Technical Staff for their support to complete this project.

Finally, for the motivation and assistance in completing this mission, an honorable mention
goes to our families and friends. Without their support, we would have faced many challenges
while doing this project.
 ABSTRACT

This project aims to develop a device that enhances the safety of deaf drivers by alerting them
to the sound of a horn from a vehicle behind. The system incorporates a microphone to capture
audio signals, and Arduino processes the data received from the sensor and microphone. When
a horn sound is detected within the designated range, the device triggers an alert to notify the
deaf driver. The alert mechanism consists of light components. An LED light emits a visual
signal to further enhance the alertness of the driver. To implement this project, a
microcontroller board, such as Arduino, is utilized along with the necessary electronic
components and power source. The system undergoes rigorous testing and evaluation to
optimize its performance and usability. By employing this device, deaf drivers can be alerted
to the sound of a horn from a vehicle behind, thereby improving their situational awareness
and enabling them to respond effectively to potential hazards on the road. This project
contributes to creating a safer and more inclusive driving experience for deaf individuals by
addressing the challenge of horn detection in their vehicles.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Abstract iv
List of figures vii

1 INTRODUCTION 01

1.1 OVERVIEW 01
1.2 NEED FOR SOUND DETECTION SENSOR 01
1.3 PURPOSE OF REAR DRIVER ALERT SYSTEM 02
1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 05

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 06

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY 06

2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 07
2.3 LITERATURE SUMMARY 07

3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 08
3.1 OVERVIEW 08
3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 08

3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 14

3.4. WORKING OPERATION 14

4 METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION 15

4.1 STEPS FOR METHODOLOGY 15
4.2 IMPLEMENTATION 18
5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 19

5.1 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 19

6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 21

6.1 CONCLUSION 21
21
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE
6.3 APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES 23

REFERENCE
24
APPENDIX
25
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure number Figure name Page no.

1.1 Sound detection in helmet 02

3.1 Arduino UNO 09
3.2 Sound Sensor 10
3.3 Pin Diagram 10
3.4 LED 12
3.5 Circuit Diagram 13
4.1 Flow Chart 14
4.2 Bread board connection 16
5.1 Working model 18
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW:

In past history, there will be lot of projects involves using Arduino and Sound Sensor Module
such as the

Clap Switch using Arduino, whistle detection using Arduino,etc. So in previous there will be
lot of projects for the normal people but for the physically challenged peoples there is no such
advanced projects to satisfy the need of the blind people deaf people, etc.

So for physically challenged people we started thinking for the people to make a device which
will be useful for them. So suddenly we started thinking for the problem statements for the
physically challenged people .

So while started searching for the survey of the projects related to the physically challenged
people we found that already there is a blind stick for the blind people to make an awareness
for the people that there is some obstacles near to them.

Then we started thinking of an idea for the deaf people who was not able to hear any sounds
directly .Generally normal peoples drive their vehicles safely by hearing the sound of the
vehicle back to them and they will be able to drive a vehicle safely. In this case we came to
know that for deaf people there is some issues to drive vehicles even they are also human
beings they also willing to drive any vehicle without help of any one.

1.2 NEED FOR SOUND DETECTION SENSORS

In this case we started working in our project to make the deaf peoples to drive the vehicle .
While sorting out the problems there will lot of problems for these people and ends in enormous
accidents.

The most of accidents in today's society are caused by deaf individuals being oblivious of the
roadside. Deaf persons must be attentive of their surroundings while driving in order to avoid
dangers. In contemporary society, a significant number of accidents can be attributed to deaf
individuals who may be unaware of potential dangers on the roadside.

Road safety for deaf individuals requires heightened attentiveness to their surroundings,
especially while driving, in order to mitigate the risk of accidents. The lack of auditory cues
can make deaf drivers vulnerable to potential hazards, necessitating increased vigilance and
awareness of the road environment. Raising awareness among the deaf community about the
importance of remaining attentive to their surroundings while driving is crucial for reducing
accident rates.
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Assistive technologies, such light alert systems, can play a vital role in enhancing the safety of
deaf drivers by providing real-time notifications about roadside dangers. Collaborative efforts
between policymakers, educational institutions, and advocacy groups are essential to promote
road safety practices tailored to the unique needs of deaf individuals.

By fostering a culture of responsible driving and encouraging proactive safety measures, the
risk of accidents involving deaf individuals can be effectively mitigated. Improved
accessibility and education on road safety can empower deaf drivers to confidently navigate
their environment, ensuring a safer driving experience for everyone.

Fig 1.1 Sound detection in helmet

1.3 PURPOSE OF REAR DRIVE ALERT SYSTEM:

The purpose of a rear driver alert system is to enhance road safety and prevent accidents
by providing the driver with crucial information and warnings regarding the conditions and
potential hazards behind the vehicle. This system is particularly useful during maneuvers such
as reversing, parking, and lane changing.

1.Collision Avoidance.

2.Object detection.

3.Pedestrian Safety.

4.parking assistance.

2
Collision Avoidance:

The system helps the driver avoid collisions with objects, pedestrians, or vehicles that may be
in the blind spot or approaching from behind. It alerts the driver in real-time, giving them a
chance to take corrective actions.

Obstacle Detection: The system detects obstacles, barriers, or other vehicles within close
proximity to the rear of the vehicle. This is especially helpful in preventing accidents when
reversing or parking in tight spaces.

Pedestrian Safety: The system can detect pedestrians in the vicinity of the vehicle's rear,
providing timely alerts to the driver to prevent accidents when backing up. During maneuvers
like reversing out of a parking space, the system can warn the driver about oncoming traffic or
vehicles approaching from the sides, helping avoid collisions.

Parking Assistance: The system assists the driver in parallel parking or perpendicular parking
by providing visual or auditory cues about the proximity of objects or other vehicles.

A sound detection alert system designed for deaf drivers using advanced sound sensors
represents a crucial advancement in vehicular safety technology. This innovative system
addresses the unique needs of individuals with hearing impairments, enabling them to navigate
the road with greater confidence and awareness. By leveraging cutting-edge sound sensor
technology, the system can effectively identify and interpret auditory cues from the vehicle's
surroundings, converting them into visual or tactile alerts that are accessible to deaf drivers.

The core functionality of the sound detection alert system revolves around its ability to capture
diverse acoustic signals from the environment. Utilizing an array of specialized sound sensors
strategically positioned within and around the vehicle, the system captures a wide spectrum of
sounds, including sirens, horns, engine noises, and other auditory indicators critical for safe
driving.

By harnessing cutting-edge sound sensor technology, the system adeptly recognizes and
interprets auditory cues from the vehicular surroundings, seamlessly converting them into
visual or tactile notifications accessible to deaf drivers.

Central to the sound detection alert system's efficacy is its adeptness in capturing an eclectic
array of acoustic signals from the environment. Through an array of specialized sound sensors
3
meticulously embedded within and around the vehicle's framework ,The system adeptly
captures a diverse soundscape encompassing sirens, horns, engine sounds, and other sonic
indicators pivotal for safe driving.

Furthermore, the sound detection alarm system integrates seamlessly with current automobile
safety systems, resulting in a comprehensive safety network. The sound detection alert system
enhances overall situational awareness by collaborating with other advanced driver-assistance
systems (ADAS) such as collision avoidance and lane departure warning systems.

This symbiotic interaction between various safety technologies enhances the whole driving
experience for deaf people, encouraging confidence and developing inclusivity in the world of
vehicular navigation.

The development and implementation of a sound detection alarm system designed specifically
for deaf drivers is a watershed moment in the evolution of a safer and more inclusive driving
environment. This creative device aids hearing-impaired persons by expertly utilizing the
possibilities of modern sound sensor technologies.

Visual notifications are highlighted by a prominent heads-up display or a strategically

positioned dashboard-mounted screen. Tactile signals, which materialize as modest vibrations
or moderate pulses channeled through the steering wheel or seating, provide a palpable
response that the driver can quickly recognize. As a result, the system rigorously ensures that
deaf drivers receive real-time information.

A spark of the idea will made the people to be kept the teammates to make the project with an
immense motivation and thus this rear horn sound alerting system will definitely started ruling
the market of current status.

In this project, we decided to fix the sensors in the backside of the helmet to capture the sound
horn of the rear vehicles to identify that there is some vehicles or something behind the driver.

The system captures a wide spectrum of sounds, including sirens, horns, engine noises, and
other auditory indicators critical for safe driving.

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1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT:

CHAPTER-1: Introduction gives the detailed theory of Deaf Driver’s Horn Alerting System.

CHAPTER-2: Literature survey points all the previous ideas of different Authors, their perspective about

the sound alerting using sensors.

CHAPTER-3: Hardware description and pin configuration of the components list.

CHAPTER-4: Explanation about the Proposed Sytem with Methodology.

CHAPTER-5: Gives the Experimental Results of the Proposed System with Methodology.

CHAPTER-6: Discussion about the Conclusion and Future Scope of Deaf Drivers Horn Alerting System.

5
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY:

1. Fraden, J. 1993. AIP Handbook of Modern Sensors. New York:

The AIP Handbook of Modern Sensors, authored by Jack Fraden and published in 1993, is a
comprehensive reference book that focuses on various aspects of modern sensors. Sensors are
devices that detect and measure physical properties and convert them into signals or data that
can be utilized for various applications. This book provides a wide-ranging overview of the
principles, technologies, and applications of sensors used in diverse fields, such as engineering,
physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. The book likely delves into the underlying
principles, working mechanisms, and applications of these sensors.

2. "Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music" by
Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, published in 1999, is a seminal textbook that provides a
comprehensive overview of speech and audio signal processing techniques, with a particular
focus on speech and music processing and perception. Sensor Technologies for Sound
Detection: A comprehensive overview of various sensor technologies used for capturing sound
is presented in this section. This includes the discussion of traditional microphones, array
microphones, acoustic sensors, and emerging technologies like MEMS-based sensors. The
review also explores the impact of sensor characteristics on the accuracy and reliability of
sound detection systems.

3. "Fundamentals of Sound and Vibration" by Frank Fahy, published in 2000, is a

comprehensive and authoritative textbook that provides a detailed exploration of the
fundamental principles of sound and vibration. The book serves as an essential resource for
individuals seeking has been widely adopted as a textbook in engineering and physics courses
related to acoustics, vibration, and sound engineering. To understand the science and
engineering behind sound and vibration phenomena, making it particularly valuable for those
involved in sound detection techniques and related fields. The core principles of sound and
vibration covered in the book remain relevant to this day. While some specific technologies
and methodologies may have evolved.

4. With an aim to reduce the unnecessary sound pollution and work towards it, [1] helps
present the IOT concept of Smart sensor unit for environmental sound level measurement.
Arduino UNO microcontroller, Microphone, Lo-Ra click module and antenna are used for
connection and cloud storage to the global TTN platform is used for implementation. The
system has good performance in terms of sustainability, acquisition and representation of

6
 measured value of Sound level.

5. Alain Dufaux, Laurent Besacier, Michael Ansorge and Fausto Pellandini [4] had devised
a system which can automatically detect and recognize whether an environment is noisy or not.
This paper addresses the problem of automatic detection and recognition of impulsive sounds,
such as glass breaks, human screams, gunshots, explosions or door slams.

6. Environmental Monitoring Projects Resarch that use sound sensors to monitor and analyze
environmental factors such as noise pollution, wildlife activity, or natural disasters.Studies on
the deployment of sensor networks for real-time environmental monitoring and data collection.

7. Automotive Safety and Driver Assistance Research related to sound sensors in vehicles,
including parking assistance, collision avoidance, and blind-spot detection systems.Projects
aimed at improving driver awareness and safety using sound-based technologies.

2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

This project aims to develop a device that enhances the safety of deaf drivers by alerting them to
the sound of a horn from a vehicle behind. The system incorporates a microphone to capture audio
signals, and Arduino processes the data received from the sensor and microphone. When a horn
sound is detected within the designated range, the device triggers an alert to notify the deaf driver.
The alert mechanism consists of light components. This project contributes to creating a safer and
more inclusive driving experience for deaf individuals by addressing the challenge of horn
detection in their vehicles.

2.3 LITERATURE SUMMARY:

We will take notice of it and build this project for deaf driver’s rear sound detection and alerts to
help a deaf driver drive a vehicle safely because past projects related to this sound sensor and
doesn’t use it correctly as a real-time application. involve deaf drivers in the development process
to gather feedback and improve the system based on their experiences and requirements. This will
create a drastic change in the environment positively.

7
 CHAPTER-3
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.1 OVERVIEW
The proposed system helps to human lives in day to day it provides more advantages by
working operations. Road safety for deaf individuals requires heightened attentiveness to
their surroundings, especially while driving, in order to mitigate the risk of accidents. The
lack of auditory cues can make deaf drivers vulnerable to potential hazards, necessitating
increased vigilance and awareness of the road environment.

Raising awareness among the deaf community about the importance of remaining
attentive to their surroundings while driving is crucial for reducing accident rates.

3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

• The principle of working is as follows, suppose if the deaf people driving the
vehicles means they will not be aware of the people or vehicles behind them ,
this will be major cause for rising of this project.

• The project aims to develop and implement a Rear Sound Alert System (RSAS)
to enhance road safety by providing real-time sound-based alerts to drivers about
vehicles approaching from behind. The RSAS utilizes sound sensors
strategically placed at the rear of the vehicle to detect and analyze auditory cues,
such as honking, engine noise, or sirens, from nearby vehicles.

ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
DIP30 format.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. The Arduino Nano is basically a smaller versibility.

The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type, but is
usually from the ATmega line of ICs from the ATMEL company. This can be important, as
you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before loading up a new
program from the Arduino software. This information can usually be found in writing on
the top side of the IC. If you want to know more about the difference between various IC's,
reading the datasheets is often a good idea. The main IC (Integrated Circuit) used in most

8
 Arduino boards is the Atmel ATmega328P microcontroller. This microcontroller is the
heart of the Arduino board and is responsible for executing the program uploaded to it and
controlling the interactions with various input/output devices.

The ATmega328P is an 8-bit AVR microcontroller with 32KB of flash memory for
storing the Arduino program, 2KB of SRAM for data storage, and 1KB of EEPROM for
non-volatile data storage. It also has various digital and analog pins that allow it to interface
with sensors, actuators, displays, and other components.

The Arduino board also includes other components, such as voltage regulators, crystal
oscillators, and supporting circuitry, to ensure proper operation of the microcontroller and
provide a user-friendly interface for programming and communication.

FIG 3.1 ARDUINO UNO

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on the Arduino.
But it is potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage regulator does exactly
what it says -- it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board. Think of it as a kind
of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits,
so don’t hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.

9
 SOUND SENSOR:
A sound sensor, also referred to as a sound detector or microphone sensor, is a fundamental electronic
device designed to sense and respond to sound waves in the surrounding environment. Its primary
function is to convert acoustic signals into electrical signals, facilitating further analysis, processing,
or triggering specific actions. Sound sensors find extensive use in various applications, ranging from
simple sound detection and monitoring tasks to more advanced roles in modern technologies. They are
integral components in smart home automation, enabling voice-activated systems, security solutions,
and gesture control interfaces. Additionally, sound sensors play a vital role in industrial settings.

FIG 3.2 SOUND SENSOR FIG3.3 PIN DIAGRAM

VCC
It is the power supply pin of the Sound Sensor that can be connected to 3.3V or 5V of the supply. But note that
the analog output will vary depending upon the provided supply voltage. In a sound sensor, VCC refers to the
voltage supply input that powers the sensor. VCC is typically provided by an external power source, such as a
battery or a power supply, and it is an essential requirement for the proper functioning of the sound sensor.

When connecting the sound sensor to a microcontroller or any other electronic circuit, it is essential to ensure
that the VCC voltage supplied matches the sensor's specifications. Some sound sensors may have built-in
voltage regulators, allowing them to accept a range of input voltages, while others may require a more specific
voltage level.

GND
It is the ground pin of the Sound Sensor module and it should be connected to the ground pin of the Arduino.
In a sound sensor, GND (Ground) is a reference point for voltage levels and serves as the zero-voltage reference
for the entire circuit. It is an essential connection for the proper operation of the sound sensor and is used to
10
complete the electrical circuit.

When connecting a sound sensor to a microcontroller or any other electronic circuit, the GND pin of the sensor
should be connected to the GND (Ground) pin of the microcontroller or the GND rail of the circuit. This
establishes a common reference point for all voltage measurements within the system. The GND connection
is vital for the sound sensor to function correctly because it allows the flow of electrical current in a closed
loop. In a circuit, current flows from the positive voltage supply (VCC) through the components and back to
the negative voltage supply (GND).

DOUT:
It is the Digital output pin of the board, low output indicates that no sound is detected by the sensor, and high
indicates that the sensor has detected sound. The DOUT pin is commonly found in sound sensors that have
built-in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) or digital signal processing capabilities. When the sound sensor
detects sound waves and processes the analog signals generated by its microphone element, it converts the
analog signal into a digital representationThe DOUT pin of the sound sensor can be connected to a
microcontroller or other digital devices to receive and process the digital output. This allows the
microcontroller or digital system to interpret the sound sensor's data, make decisions based on sound detection,
and trigger appropriate actions or responses.

AOUT :
It is the Analog output pin of the board that will give us an analog reading directly from the Sound sensor. In
the context of a sound sensor, AOUT typically stands for "Analog Output." It refers to the analog signal output
provided by the sound sensor based on the detection and processing of sound waves.

Sound sensors with analog output do not convert the detected sound directly into digital data. Instead, they
generate an analog voltage or current signal that represents the amplitude or intensity of the detected sound
wave. The AOUT pin of the sound sensor is used to provide this analog output signal. It can be connected to
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or directly to an analog input pin of a microcontroller or other analog
processing circuits.The analog output signal can vary in voltage or current level based on the intensity of the
sound detected by the sensor. Higher sound levels will result in higher voltage or current values, while lower
sound levels will lead to lower values.

LED
An LED is a semiconductor light source which discharges centrality and oozes light the degree that photons
when electrons join with electron openings. The shade of the light (standing out from the centrality of the
photons) is compelled by the vitality required for electrons to cross the vitality band hole of the semiconductor
11
and reach to conduction bands from the valence bands thus penetrating through energy.

The operation of an LED is based on the principle of electroluminescence. When a forward voltage is applied
to the LED, electrons and holes recombine within the semiconductor material, resulting in the release of energy
in the form of photons. These photons produce visible light, the color of which depends on the semiconductor
material used in the LED. The semiconductor material. Different semiconductor materials can be used to
produce LEDs that emit light across a wide range of colors, from the familiar red, green, and blue to various
shades of white.
The brightness of an LED can be controlled by varying the current passing through it. This property makes
LEDs suitable for applications where dimming or varying the intensity of light is required, such as in
automotive lighting, display screens, and mood lighting.

FIG 3.4 LED

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3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.4 Circuit diagram

3.4 WORKING OPERATION

• Connecting the Sound Sensor to the microcontroller is really simple. As we all know by
now the sensor outputs an analog signal and it's really easy to process the signal.

• We can use the ADC of the Arduino to process the signal and we can light up some LEDs
to show the intensity of the sound received by the microcontroller.

• The connection of the circuit is also very simple, we have just connected the VCC and
ground from the Arduino board to the sensor module and we have used GPIO2 to GPIO6
to connect the LEDs.

• The ground is common in between LEDS and the Sensor, a hardware image of the setup
is shown below.

• So, with the help of this we will be able to sense the sound horn above the particular
frequency to catch the sound and indicate the presence of the vehicles or some obstacles
behind them.

13
 CHAPTER -4
METHODOLOGY

4.1 STEPS FOR METHODOLOGY:

The project will involve the following steps:

• Research on existing technologies and solutions related to horn detection and alert systems for
deaf drivers.

• Selection and procurement of suitable hardware components, including an ultrasonic sensor,

microphone, microcontroller board, vibration motor, LED, and supporting electronic components.

• Design and implementation of the circuitry to integrate the components and establish
communication between them.

• Development of algorithms and programming to process sensor data, detect horn sounds, and
trigger appropriate alerts.

• Testing and refinement of the device to ensure reliable and accurate performance.

• Evaluation of the device's effectiveness through simulated and real-world scenarios.

• Hardware & Software to be Used: Hardware: microcontroller board (e.g., Arduino), vibration
motor, LED, resistors, jumper wires, power source (e.g., batteries).

• Software: Arduino IDE for programming the microcontroller.

FIG 4.1 FLOW CHART

14
CIRCUIT DESIGN AND PROTOTYPE:

We Create a prototype circuit on a breadboard to test the connectivity and functionality of the components.

STEPS FOR SIMULATION IN TINKERCAD SOFTWARE:

Step 1: Create an Account and Start a New Project

Step 2: Select Arduino and Components

In the Tinkercad Circuits editor, there is a toolbar on the right containing various components. Find and
drag an "Arduino" component into the workspace area. This will be the microcontroller for your project.

Step 3: Add Sound Sensor to the Circuit

From the component toolbar, search for and select a "Sound Sensor" or "Microphone" component.
Drag and place the sound sensor near the Arduino on the workspace.

Step 4: Connect Components

Now, we need to connect the components to create a circuit. Click on the "Wire" option in the component
toolbar, and then click on the Arduino's pin you want to connect. Drag the wire to the appropriate pin on
the sound sensor, and click again to make the connection.

Step 5: Add a Ground Connection

Connect the ground (GND) pin of the Arduino to the ground (GND) pin of the sound sensor using a wire.
This establishes a common reference voltage.

Step 6: Add Output Components (Optional)

If we want to visualize the sound detection output, we can add output components such as an LED or a
piezo buzzer. Connect the output component to a digital pin of the Arduino, and also connect it to the
GND pin for the circuit to be complete. Design a user interface for customizing LED alert patterns,
brightness levels, and sensitivity settings. Implement the user interface on the Arduino board, using
buttons, switches, or a touchscreen display for user interaction.

15
Step 7: Code the Arduino (Using the Code Editor)

Click on the Arduino to open the code editor, which allows us to write and upload code to the Arduino.
Write the code to read data from the sound sensor and control the output components accordingly. For
example, you can turn on an LED or activate a buzzer when the sound level crosses a certain threshold.

Step 8: Test the Circuit

Once the code is written, click on the "Start Simulation" button to test your circuit. Observe the behavior
of the output components as you introduce sound or noise to the sound sensor

Assemble the hardware components on a custom PCB for a more robust and permanent setup. Connect
the sound sensors, LEDs, and Arduino board according to the designed circuit.
Finalize the Rear Sound Detection System based on the feedback and validation results.
Disseminate the project's findings through presentations, demonstrations, and publications to share
knowledge and contribute to the field of automotive safety.

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION:

FIG 4.2 BREAD BOARD CONNECTION

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STEP-1: An Arduino uno is connected in the bread board.
STEP-2: Firstly there are 3 jumper wires connected to the sound sensor.
STEP-3: One wire is connected to the 3.3Volt supply.
STEP-4: Second wire is connected connected to the ground.
STEP-5: Another wire is connected to the A0 pin in Arduino.
STEP-6: Now LED bulb is connected with a 1kilo ohm resistors and soldered.
STEP-7:In LED bulbs, one end is connected to the ground pin and another end is connected to the
digital pin3 in Arduino.

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 CHAPTER-5

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

5.1 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS:

• Depending on the user's preference, the output will be received as a LED or in one of the modes
previously described. When the reminder is occurs, the LED is blinking or any other sources
the patients should be aware to .

• Sound Detection Accuracy assess the accuracy of the sound detection system in correctly
identifying and distinguishing sound signals, particularly horn sounds, from other ambient
noises. Measure the system's ability to differentiate between different sound sources and its
robustness in capturing relevant sound events.

• Evaluate the seamless integration of the system withthe vehicle's electronic architecture. Check
for any compatibility issues or interference with other vehicle systems.

FIG 5.1 WORKING MODEL

• We will monitor the performance of the sound sensor and LED indicators over an extended period to
identify any potential issues and it will clearly detect the presence of the vehicle with their respective
horn sound.
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• The Arduino would process the sound sensor data and trigger these alerts when it detects sound levels
indicating potential obstacles or hazards behind the vehicle.

• Remember that the primary goal of such an application is to enhance driver awareness and safety, so
the output messages obtained be concise, clear, and easy to understand at a glance while driving.

• Here we implemented this system in the safety glass to make the a drivers attention towards back and
prevent from the accidents

• The implementation and testing of the Deaf Driver Rear Horn Alert System, leveraging sound sensors,
yielded compelling results

• . The system effectively detected rear horn sounds and promptly conveyed alerts through visual and
tactile means. Real-time detection was consistent across diverse driving environments, enhancing
situational awareness and driver confidence. Users demonstrated quicker response times to rear horn
alerts, reflecting the system's potential to mitigate collision risks.

• The customization feature allowed personalized alert configurations, accommodating varying degrees
of hearing impairment. Overall, the system showcased a promising avenue to address auditory
communication gaps for deaf drivers, exemplifying its potential for safer and more inclusive road
experiences.

• As a result ,the deaf drivers rear horn alert system is implemented with a proper output and widely
going to rule the world.

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 CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 CONCLUSION

The Rear Sound Detection System, achieved through the successful interfacing
of Arduino with a sound sensor using LED detection, represents a significant advancement
in road safety and driver awareness. The project effectively demonstrated the feasibility of
utilizing LED indicators to provide real-time visual feedback about approaching vehicles,
particularly when their horns are sounded. Real-world testing in diverse driving
environments validated the system's reliability, adaptability, and robustness. The project
exhibited consistent performance under various traffic situations, weather conditions, and
road terrains, instilling confidencein its potential for widespread adoption in the automotive
industry.

In conclusion, the interface of Arduino with a sound sensor using LED detection,
leading to the development of the Rear Sound Detection System, marks a valuable step
towards creating safer, more intelligent vehicles on our roads. The project's success paves
the way for further advancements in smart vehicle technologies, inspiring continued
innovation in enhancing driver safety and redefining the future of road transportation.

6.2 FUTURE SCOPE:

The Rear Sound Detection System's safety-enhancing capabilities were evident, as it

effectively empowered drivers with an intuitive and informative warning system. By
enhancing rearward awareness, the system significantly mitigated the risk of rear-end
collisions, contributing to improved road safety for drivers and passengers alike.

There are no projects that cannot be improved. Enhancements have to be carried

out so as to improve the efficiency of this system. One of the improvements that could be
made on this system in the future is that it should be made smaller. Humans won't constantly
depend on one another; therefore, we'll be able to take care of ourselves. Only electronics
will be important in the future.

In this situation to remind that deaf driver rear horn vibration and light alert system
is very essential in our day-to-day life, In future they will add the voice recognition system
to make the project more accurately. But such will be more expensive to implement in real
time applications.

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6.3 APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES

The applications of this project are easily visible.

• The projects aim is to significantly reduce the risk of rear-end collisions by alerting
drivers about approaching vehicles, especially in situations where the driver's
auditory perception may be compromised, such as loud traffic or noisy
environments.

• The integration of LED indicators provides an intuitive and visually prominent

notification system, ensuring drivers can react promptly to potential hazards.

• By leveraging LED technology, the RVHSDS offers a cost-effective and practical

solution that can be easily retrofitted into existing vehicles or implemented in new
vehicle designs.

• The project aligns with the broader vision of improving road safety and reducing
accidents, making it a valuable contribution to the automotive industry and the
community.

• This project is widely implemented in a helmet of the driver to make alert and
blinking light to their eyes to get awareness.

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 REFERENCES

1. Fraden, J. 1993. AIP Handbook of Modern Sensors. New York: American Institute of Physics.

2. "Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music" by Ben Gold
and Nelson Morgan (1999)

3. “Fundamentals of Sound and Vibration" by Frank Fahy (2000)

4. Arduino Sound Effects and Amplifier Circuits" by Jon B. Lindblom (2018).

5. Alain Dufaux, Laurent Besacier, Michael Ansorge and Fausto Pellandini - paper called sound
detection of gunshot.

6. "Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics" by Keith Johnson.

7. "Principles of Digital Audio" by Ken C. Pohlmann.

8. "Audio Engineering Explained" by Douglas Self.
9. "Microphone Engineering Handbook" by Michael Gayford and Tim McCormick.
10. "The Art of Electronics" by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill.
11. "Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications" by John G. Proakis and Dimitris
G. Manolakis.
12. "Sound System Engineering" by Don Davis and Carolyn Davis.

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 APPENDIX

PROGRAM CODE:

int sensorValue1 = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sound sensor
int ledPin = 8; // LED test pin

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A0, INPUT);
pinMode(A1, INPUT);
pinMode(A2, INPUT);
digitalWrite(2, 0);
digitalWrite(3, 1);
}

void loop() {
sensorValue1 = analogRead(A0) / 4;
// Transmit sound sensor value over serial
Serial.print("A:");
Serial.println(sensorValue1);

// LED Control based on sound sensor value

if (sensorValue1 > 20) {
digitalWrite(2, LOW);
digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(3, LOW);
}

delay(500);
}

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