SMART DUSTBIN

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

POONTHAMIZHAN M
SRI SIVAHARI P
STALIN RAJ K
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KIT-KALAIGNARKARUNANIDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
COIMBATORE

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

JUNE 2022

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this mini project report “SMART DUSTBIN” is the
bonafide work of POONTHAMIZHAN M (711519BEE037), SRI
SIVAHARI P (711519BEE052), STALIN RAJ K (711519BEE054)
who carried out the mini project work under mysupervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. R. MYTHILI Dr.K.DHINESHKUMAR
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi
Institute of Technology, Institute of Technology,
Coimbatore- 641402. Coimbatore- 641402.

Submitted for the university mini Project viva voce Examination held
on………

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Owing deeply to the supreme, we extend our sincere thanks to God

almighty who has made all things possible.

We extend our heart full gratitude towards our revered Founder Chairman
Thiru. Pongalur N. Palanisamy ,Vice Chairperson Mrs.P.Indu Murugesan
and Executive Trustee Mr.A.Suriya all other trust members for having
provided us with necessary infrastructure to undertake this project.

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our Academic Dean

Dr.K.Ramasamy, our beloved Principal Dr. N. Mohan Das Gandhi and Dr.
M. Ramesh, Vice Principal for the facilities provided to complete this project
work.

Our gratitude passes on to Ms.R.Mythili Head of the Department,

Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for his valuable support and
encouragement during this project.

We are grateful to Dr.K.Dhineshkumar Assistant Professor, Dr.R.Lal

Raja Singh, Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
the project supervisor for his timely suggestions and constant encouragement
and support that led to the accomplishment of the project.

The acknowledgement would be incomplete without a word of thanks

to all our parents, faculty members and friends for their continuous support and
sincere help throughout our project.

POONTHAMIZHAN M
SRI SIVAHARI P
STALIN RAJ K

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 ABSTRACT

The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin

which will help in keeping our environment clean and also eco-
friendly. We are inspired from Swatch Bharat Mission. Nowadays
technologies are getting smarter day-by-day so, as to clean the
environment we are designing a smart dustbin by using Arduino.
This smart dustbin management system is built on the
microcontroller based system having ultrasonic sensors on the
dustbin. If dustbin is not maintained than these can cause an
unhealthy environment and can cause pollute that affect our health. In
this proposed technology we have designed a smart dustbin using
ARDUINO UNO, along with ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and
battery jumper wire.
After all hardware and software connection, now Smart Dustbin
program will be run. Dustbin lid will when someone comes near at
some range than wait for user to put garbage and close it. It’s properly
running or not. For social it will help toward health and hygiene, for
business for we try to make it affordable to many as many possible.
So that normal people to rich people can take benefit from it.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PG.NO

NO
ABSTARCT 4
1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 7
3 LIST OF COMPONENTS 8
4 COMPONENTS 9
4.1.ARDUINO UNO 10
4.2.ULTRASONIC SENSOR 11
4.3.MICRO SERVO MOTOR 13
4.4.BREAD BOARD 12
4.5.DUSTBIN 13
4.6JUMPER WIRES 15
4.7ARDUINO IDE 17
5 NEED FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF 20
SYSTEM
6 CONCLUSION 23
7 RESULT ANALYSIS 24
8 REFERENCES 25
9 APPENDIX 27
10 PICTURE OF THE SMART DUSTBIN 29

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 1. INTRODUCTION

The rate increasing population in our country has increasing rapidly

and also we have increase in garbage which have increased environmental issue.
Dustbin is a container which collects garbage’s or stores items which recyclable
or non-recyclable, decompose and non-decompose. They are usually used in
homes, office etc… but in case they are full no one is there to clean it and the
garbage are spilled out. The surrounding of a dustbin is also conducive for
increasing the pollution level. Air pollution due to a dustbin can produce
bacteria and virus which can produce life harmful diseases for human.

Therefore, we have designed a smart dustbin using ARDUINO UNO,

ultrasonic sensor which will sense the item to be thrown in the dustbin and open
the lid with the help of the motor. It is an IOT based project that will bring a
new and smart way of cleanliness. It is a decent gadget to make your home
clean, due to practically all offspring of home consistently make it grimy and
spread litter to a great extent by electronics, rappers and various other things.
Since the smart dustbin is additionally intriguing and children make fun with it
so it will help to maintain cleanliness in home. It will be applied for various
type of waste. Dustbin will open its lid when someone/object is near at some
range then it will wait for given time period than it will close automatically.
Here lid will close when you don’t want to use and it will only open when it
required.

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 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FIG.2.1BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

FIG2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

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 3. LIST OF COMPONENTS

3.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

 ARDUINO UNO
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 MICRO SERVO MOTOR
 BREAD BOARD
 JUMPER WIRES
 USB CABLE

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIRED

 ARDUINO IDE

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 4. COMPONENTS

FIG.4 PICTURE OF THE COMPONENTS

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4.1.1ARDUINO UNO

Arduino is a microcontroller board fixed on the ATmega328. The word

Arduino refers to so many different things. Microcontrollers are integrated
circuit that are basically tiny computers that can run small simple software
programs, they are low powered enough that they can be powered by batteries
for days or months but are able to process data very much faster than a human
mind can process or think.

It has 14 digital input/output pins in which 6 can be utilized as analog

inputs, 6 PWM outputs, a power jack, a reset button, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, ICSP header and a facilitation for USB connectivity.

The UNO is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a
great choice for beginners Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs, motors,
speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, and even your smart-phone or you’re
TV! This flexibility combined with the fact that the Arduino software is free,
the hardware boards are pretty cheap, and both the software and hardware are
easy to learn has led to a large community of users who have contributed code
and released instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects.

FIG.4.1ARDUINO UNO

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4.2.1Specifications
 Microcontroller: ATmega328P
 Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
 Inout Voltage (limit): 6-20V
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
 DC current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by
bootloader.
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz

4.2ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an
object using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to
send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object‘s
proximity. It is used to monitor the level of garbage level.
Ultrasonic sensor vibrates at a frequency above the range of human
hearing. This sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time
lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.

It is used to monitor the level of garbage level. It consists of

 Trigger pulse(Input)
 Echo pulse(output)
 5Vsupply
 Ground

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 The Ultrasonic Sensor is used to measure the distance with high accuracy
and stable readings. It can measure distance from 2cm to 400cm or from 1 inch
to 13 feet.
It emits an ultrasound wave at the frequency of 40KHz in the air and if the
object will come in its way then it will bounce back to the sensor. By using that
time which it takes to strike the object and comes back, you can calculate
Distance = Time * sound speed/2 (1)

Where Time = the time between an ultrasonic wave is received and transmitted.
It has four pins. Two are VCC and GND which will be connected to the 5V and
the GND of the Arduino while the other two pins are Trig and Echo pins which
will be connected to any digital pins of the Arduino.

FIG.4.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

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4.2.1Specifications
 Working voltage: +5VDC
 Theoretical Measuring Range: 2cm to400cm
 Practical Measuring Range: 2cm to100cm
 Accuracy:3mm

4.3MICRO SERVO MOTOR

A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with
great precision. If you want to rotate an object at some specific angles or
distance, then you use servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which run
through servo mechanism. If motor is used is DC powered then it is called DC
servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. We
can get a very high torque servo motor in a small and light weight packages.
Due to these features they are being used in many applications like toy cars, RC
helicopters and planes, Robotics, Machine etc.

Figure displaying the internal infrastructure of the servo motor and figure 4
shows the angular rotation of the servo motor that how it will perform its
angular rotations when a signal will be provided by microTiny and
lightweight with high output power. Servo can rotate approximately 180
degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds but
smaller. You can use any servo code, hardware or library to control these
servos. Good for beginners who want to make stuff move without
building a motor controller with feedback & gear box, especially since it
will fit in small places. It comes with a 3 horns (arms) and hardware
controller.

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 FIG4.3MICRO SERVO MOTOR

4.3.1Specifications

Model: SG90 Servo Motor

Control System: PPM
Working Frequency: 1520μs / 50Hz
3.3 ~ 5 Volt Peak to Peak
(RX) Required Pulse: Square Wave
Operating Voltage: 4.8 ~ 6 V DC Volts
Operating Speed
(4.8v): 0.15 Sec/60 Degrees
Operating Speed (6v) 0.12 Sec/60 Degrees
Stall Torque (4.8v): 1.3kg/cm
Stall Torque (6v): 1.5kg/cm
Motor Type: Brushed DC Motor
Gear Type: Plastic Gears
Case Material: Plastic
Programmable: NO
Connector Wire
Length: 24.0cm (9.4 inch)
Dimensions: 23 x 11.5 x 24mm
Weight: 9 grams

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4.4BREAD BOARD

As the name suggests, the term breadboard can be derived from two
terms namely bread & board. Initially, this was used to cut the bread into pieces.
Further, it was called a breadboard & it was used in electronics projects and
electronic devices in the year 1970. A breadboard is also known as a solderless
board because the component used on the breadboard does not need any
soldering to connect to the board, so it can be reused.

The arrangement of different components on a breadboard can be done by

inserting their terminals into the breadboard, so it is frequently known as a
plugboard. Breadboard definition is a plastic board in rectangular shape that
includes a lot of small holes in it to allow you to place different components to
build an electronic circuit is known as a breadboard. The connection on the
breadboard is not permanent but they can be connected without soldering the
components.

If you make any mistake while connecting the components, you can place
or remove the components effortlessly. For beginners of electronics, this device
is very helpful to make mini-projects. If a designer builds a simple circuit that
they desire to analyze, then a breadboard gives a quick solution. The breadboard
diagram is shown below.

The material used to make the breadboard is white plastic. At present,

most of the breadboards are solderless types, so we can directly plug in the
components directly and connected them through the exterior power supply.
The different kinds of breadboards are accessible according to the specific point
holes. For instance 400 point type, 830 point type, etc.

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 FIG4.4BREAD BOARD

4.5 DUSTBIN
A waste container is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is
usually made out of metal or plastic. The curbside dustbins usually consist of
three types: trash cans (receptacles made of metal or plastic), dumpsters (large
receptacles similar toskips) and wheelie bins (light, usually plastic bins that are
mobile). All of these are emptied by collectors, who will load the contents into a
garbage truck and drive it to a landfill, incinerator or consuming crush facility to
be disposed of.

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4.6JUMPER WIRES
Jump wires (also called jumper wires) for solder less bread boarding can
be obtained in ready-to-use jump wire sets or can be manually manufactured.
The latter can become tedious work for larger circuits. Ready to-use jump wires
come in different qualities, some even with tiny plugs attached to the wire ends.
Jump wire material for ready-made or homemade wires should usually be 22
AWG (0.33 mm2 ) solid copper, tin-plated wire - assuming no tiny plugs are to
be attached to the wire ends. The wire ends should be stripped 3 ⁄16 to 5 ⁄16 in
(4.8 to 7.9 mm).

FIG4.6 JUMPER WIRES

Shorter stripped wires might result in bad contact with the board's spring
clips (insulation being caught in the springs). Longer stripped wires increase the
likelihood of short-circuits on the board. Needle-nose pliers and tweezers are
helpful when inserting removingwires, particularly on crowded boards.

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4.7. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
4.7.1ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development
environment(IDE),which is a cross-platform application written in the
programming language Java. It is originated from the IDE for the language
Processing and Wiring. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and
other newcomers unfamiliar with software development.

It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting, brace

matching and automatic indentation provides simple one-click mechanism to
compile and load programs to an arduino board. A program written with the
IDE for Arduino is called a―sketch.

4.7.2WORKING PRINCIPLE

After wiring and attaching all the devices and setting up to the Smart
Dustbin, now observe all the important setup whether they are well connected
or something missed. After connection set up now next step is to submit/upload
code in Arduino and supply power to the circuit. When system is powered ON,
Arduino keeps monitoring for any things that come near the sensor at give
range. When Ultrasonic sensor detect any object for example like hand or
others, here Arduino calculates its distance and if it less than a certain
predefines value than servo motor get activate first and with the support of the
extended arm of the lid. Lid will open for a given time than it will automatically
close.

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4.7.3ADVANTAGES

Following are the advantages of using Smart dustbin:

 A reduction in the number of waste collections needed by up to 80%,

resulting in less manpower, emissions, fuel use and traffic congestion.

 A reduction in the number of waste bins needed.

 Maintain environment hygiene (i.e. no overflowing of waste and less

unpleasant odor).

 It will help in bringing evolution by technology in term of cleanliness.

ADVANTAGES OF SMART BINS

The solar panels harness solar energy and use sensors to continually
compact the waste that is deposited, increasing the capacity by up to 700%,
reducing waste collection by up to 85%.

 The “smart bin” communicates information on fill levels and ensures

collection only when the bin is full.
 Fewer collection visits reduce congestion and traffic interruption,
resulting also in cleaner and safer streets.
 Traffic reduction due to fewer collection visits helps reduce carbon
dioxide and other emissions.
 The “smart bins” are standardized so that they can be emptied with
existing equipment.
From a citizen’s perspective, the social benefits of “smart bins” – besides their
economic and environmental advantages – are interesting.

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They help to:

 encourage recycling
 collect and analyze area-specific data on waste volumes for better
planning
 increase WiFi coverage with their function as a free public WiFi hotspot.

5.1. NEED FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF WASTE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
By 2030, almost two-third of the world‘s population will be living in
cities. This fact requires the development of sustainable solutions for
urban life, managing waste is a key issue for the health.
Efficient and energy-saving waste management, reducing CO2, air
pollution and vehicle exhaust emissions—these are just a few examples
for the demands of future cities. In views of that, the efficient use and
responsible handling of resources become more important.
Effectively managing waste is important in developed countries. Waste
management may swallow up to 50% of a city‘s budget, but only serve a
small part of the population.
Sometimes, up to 60% of waste is not being collected, it is often simply
burned by the roadside. It can pollute drinking water, it can spread
disease to people living nearby.
Even with great route optimization, the worker must still physically go to
the dustbin to check waste levels. Because of this, trucks often visit
containers that do not need emptying, which wastes both time and fuel.
Waste management prevents harm to human health and the environment
by reducing the volume and hazardous character of residential and
industrial waste.

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5.2 FUTURE SCOPE

 Rather than using a single ultrasonic sensor we can use multiple

ultrasonic sensors to measure the quantity of garbage accurately.
 If reliability is a primary issue and we need long range transmission then
instead of using Wi-Fi module we can use a GSM module.
 An infrared sensor can be used to compliment the ultrasound sensor in
measuring distance as it can measure soft objects with high accuracy.
 A weight sensor can be added to the project for precisely monitoring the
garbage in bins and sending data to operator.
 Raspberry pi can be used instead of Arduino uno as you can connect
former to the internet quite easily and can work with different languages
on raspberry pi.

5.3 ADVANTAGES OF SMART DUSTBIN

 Improved cleanliness

 CO2reduction

 Dynamic routing

 Cost reduction
5.4 APPLICATIONS

With the upcoming concept of smart cities we can use this project as an
attempt to digitalize our way of living.

 Empowered Swatch Bharat Mission.

 Supports Digital India, Real time based monitoring waste collection.
 It makes our system transparent between municipal corporation, workers
and public.

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5.5 LIMITATIONS

Every system has its limitations and so does ours.

 The system needs protection from damage due to any external sources. Hence
it requires a good cover for protection.
 If the sensor front get‘s covered in garbage, the sensor might not give
accurate readings.
 When multiple sensors are installed, interference of one wave into another
could lead to errors in readings.

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 6. CONCLUSION

Here we are going to make an evolution changes toward cleanliness. The

combination of intelligent waste monitoring and trash compaction technologies,
smart dustbins are better and shoulders above traditional garbage dustbin. It is
equipped with smart devices like sensor Arduino etc. Lid of the dustbin will
automatically open when an object comes near to the dustbin and after certain
time period it will close the lid. For social it will help toward health and
hygiene, for business for we try to make it affordable to many as many possible.
So that normal people to rich people can take benefit from it. Believe this will
bring something changes in term of cleanliness as well technology.So our next
work will be adding one more sensor which will sense whether our dustbin is
full or not. And there will be a display will be added so that user can notify that
dustbin is full or not.

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 7. RESULT

FIG.7.1 RESULT OF THE SMART DUSTBIN

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 8. REFERENCES

1) Kumar NS, Vuayalakshmi B, Prarthana RJ, Shankar A. IOT based smart

garbage alert system using Arduino UNO. In2016 IEEE Region 10
Conference (TENCON) 2016 Nov 22 (pp. 1028- 1034). IEEE.
2) Reddy PS, Naik RN, Kumar AA, Kishor SN. Wireless dust bin
monitoring and alert system International Journal of Scientific Research
in Engineering and Management (IJSREM) Volume: 04 Issue: 08 |
August -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930 © 2020, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com
Page 5 using Arduino. In2017 Second International Conference on
Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT) 2017
Feb 22 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
3) Rafeeq M, Alam S. Automation of plastic, metal and glass waste
materials segregation using arduino in scrap industry. In2016
International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems
(ICCES) 2016 Oct 21 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
4) Anushri G, Manikandan A, Nivas P, Vignesh K. Garbage Monitoring
System Using Arduino.
5) ]Zade R, Khadgi N, Kasbe M, Mujawar T. Online Garbage Monitoring
System Using Arduino and LabVIEW. International Journal of Scientific
Research in Network Security and Communication. 2018;6(6):5-9.
6) Baby CJ, Singh H, Srivastava A, Dhawan R, Mahalakshmi P. Smart bin:
An intelligent waste alert and prediction system using machine learning
approach. In2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications,
Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET) 2017 Mar 22 (pp. 771-
774). IEEE.
7) Selvaraj K, Chakrapani A. Smart dustbin monitoring system using LAN
Server and Arduino. International Journal of Advances in Computer and
Electronics Engineering. 2017 Apr;2(4):20-3.

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8) Ramji DR, Shinde JR, Venkateswarlu R. Smart Hands-Free Waste
Compactor Bin for Public Places.International Journal of Digital
Electronics. 2019;1(2):52-8.
9) Hassan SA, Jameel NG, Şekeroğlu B. Smart solid waste monitoring and
collection system. International Journal. 2016 Oct;6(10).
10) Sai PY. IOT Smart garbage monitoring system in cities-An effective
way to promote smart city.International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering. 2017 Feb;7(2).

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 9. APPENDIX

#include <Servo.h>

// constants won't change

const int TRIG_PIN = 5; // Arduino pin connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's TRIG

pin

const int ECHO_PIN = 6; // Arduino pin connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's ECHO

pin

const int SERVO_PIN = 7; // Arduino pin connected to Servo Motor's pin

const int DISTANCE_THRESHOLD = 20; // centimeters

Servo servo; // create servo object to control a servo

// variables will change:

float duration_us, distance_cm;

void setup() {

Serial.begin (9600); // initialize serial port

pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT); // set arduino pin to output mode

pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT); // set arduino pin to input mode

servo.attach(SERVO_PIN); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

servo.write(0);

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void loop() {

// generate 10-microsecond pulse to TRIG pin

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);

// measure duration of pulse from ECHO pin

duration_us = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);

// calculate the distance

distance_cm = 0.017 * duration_us;

if(distance_cm < DISTANCE_THRESHOLD)

servo.write(180); // rotate servo motor to 90 degree

else

servo.write(80); // rotate servo motor to 0 degree

// print the value to Serial Monitor

Serial.print("distance: ");

Serial.print(distance_cm);

Serial.println(" cm");

delay(500);

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 10. PICTURE OF THE PROJECT

FIG.10.1 PICTURE OF THE PROJECT

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