North Macedonia-Japan Workshop

by the Japan Society of Seismic Isolation

February 9-10, 2023

CONSTRUCTION OF
SEISMIC ISOLATION STRUCTURE

The Japan Society of Seismic Isolation

(JSSI)
Kenji Sawada
01
 Promotion of
Quality Controlled Seismic
Isolation Buildings

Design Maintenance
Construction

02
【 Contents 】

1. Production management and inspection of SI devices.

2. Construction plan & horizontal constrain of isolator.

3. Construction of isolation layer.

4. Inspection at the completion of isolation building.

5. Important items of construction.

03
1-1. Inspection of Isolation device

①Material check

②Outlook check

③dimension check

④Property test

⑤Acceptance inspection

04
1-2. Production control of base-plate

Base-plate is very important structural member！

① Selection of manufacturing factory
・Quantity is small but accuracy is important
・Select a factory that can manage sufficient accuracy and quality
② Add to fabricate the portion which necessary for construction
・Concrete injection hole, air vent hole
・Screw hole for hanger bolt
・Level adjustment jig
・Hole for horizontal constrain members at construction

05
 ◆ Quality control of base-plate

Inspection of plate curvature

Inspection of
paint coating thickness

06
◆ Quality control of base-plate

Curvature of base-plate

07
1-3. Production control of base-plate
・Precision（δ must be L/500 and 3mm or less）
・Design speification: Stud bolt ,One-side nut, Anchor bolt,
Concrete pouring hole, Air hole, level adjuster ｅｔｃ.

08
 Example of long anchor bolt
for rolling bearing isolator

Example of level adjustment

jig for accuracy assurance

09
1-4. Expansion Joint

It is important for the constructor to confirm the performance of

the expansion joint that the designer is requesting.

・Confirm design documents！ building

EXP.J
(figures, criteria,
required performance)

・Depending on required properties, Seismic

static or dinamic deformation Pit
gap
test should be done .

10
1-5. EXP.J trouble case due to
small and medium earthquake
← Good example：
The end of floor plates can
absorb the residual deformation
of about 20mm by slidong

Bad example： →
The end plates is fixed, so
damages occurred at small
deformation.
11
1-6. Example of the trouble
caused by the major earthquakes

Residual deformation, more than10mm

Refraction of plate due to residual deformation

12
1-7. Guidelines on Exp.J of SI buildings

Constitution
Chapter 1：General Provisions
Chapter 2：Target Performance
Chapter 3：Notes on Building Design
Chapter 4：Notes on Product Design and
Production
Chapter 5：Notes on Construction
Chapter 6：Precautions on Inspection
Chapter 7：Maintenance Considerations
Appendix：SI expansion joint damage case

Arrangement of standard for performance

and testing methods of Exp.J.
⇒ Guidelines on Exp.J. of SI buildings
13
 1-8. EXP.J experiment

X,Y=±800mm，120cm/s X,Y=±1000mm、Z=±70mm
X,Y,Z=100cm/s
Two-dimensional vibration table
X,Y=±200mm、Z=±75mm
120cm/s,100cm/s(Z）

Three-dimensional vibration table Three-dimensional vibration table

Courtesy of Kaneso Co., Ltd. and INOIE SHOJI Co., Ltd. 14
2-1. Construction plan of tower crane
Natural period of tower crane is 2.0～3.0sec !
→Resonant to long-period vibration of SI building

Case1:Tower crane fixed on ground or substructure.

The horizontal support

should set at higher
position as tower crane
mast follows the
movement of
superstructure.

15
 Case2:Tower crane fixed on the superstructure

Since the upper structure of the

SI building shakes with a long
period, the tower crane resonates.

The reinforcement of tower crane

should be discussed with
supervisors, structural engineers,
crane maker engineers.

16
2-2. Construction Plan (temporary members)

・External scaffold suported with

bracket fixed on superstructure.

Base
slide
fixed

Isolation
Building

・Sliding base system for temporary elevator. 17

2-3. Horizontal constrain of isolation devices
Purpose ：
Prevention of deformation of
rubber bearings during steel
construction and ensuring
steel frame accuracy.
Erection on an isolator.

Example: horizontal constrain members. 18

 Example:
Constrain between top &
bottom base-plate

Example: Constrain using

flange bolt（replace with
formal bolt later)
Example: Constrain of straight movement rolling bearing isolator.
19
2-4. Constrain members of sliding bearing isolator
（ At the time to erect the steel members of the superstructure)
Temporary beam

Temporar
y column

Fixed bolts & L'shaped steel Acheor bolt

Example of steel frame on
temporary supports

20
 2-5. When to remove the constrain members

Horizontal constrain members should be removed at the time that

the function of the seismic-isolation is active.
Usually, after the floor of the directly above floor is completed.

If the removal is delayed, the

weight of the upper structure will
increase, making it difficult to
remove

Horizontal constrain plates

21
3. Construction of the seismic-isolation layer

Seismic-isolation layer :
Securing construction quality is the most important part
because it is the part where the seismic-isolation function is
concentrated

22
3-1. Foundation of seismic isolation device
The situation where the base-plate is
installed in a part where the reinforcing
bars are complicated

↑ It is difficult work to set base-plate

between narrow gap of reinforcing bars.

← High density anchor bolts of rolling bearing

isolator
23
3-2. Filling method under the base-plate
① Grout filling method
Grout(non-shrinkage）
Air vent hole （t=30mm～50mm）
Base-plate
Injection of grout mortar

②Filling of the high flowed concrete（Gravity pressure）

Concrete flow Baseplate

Remove excess concrete Air hole

24
③ Filling of the high flowed concrete （pressurization）

Pouring used concrete pump system

25
3-3. Filling of the high flow concrete
Example 1
Be careful not to give excessive
vibration under base-plate.

・ Example 2

26
Example：
It is difficult to fill
under large base-plate
（twin isolator type)

・ Confirmation of filling
(hitting test)

27
3-4. Filling degree confirmation test
It is desirable to do the filling degree confirmation test before
construction to decide the control matters and the control standards
for filling.

28
 3-4. Filling degree confirmation test

Construction status of
the first layer

Construction status of
the second layer
（high-flow concrete ）
Courtesy of kumagaigumi corporation
29
 3-5. Result of filling degree confirmation test

←Situation under base-plate

(no good!）

Investigate the cause of filling failure

and prepare appropriate construction
manual

30
3-6. Measurement of filling ratio

Color the voids with a marker or the like, and count the area of
the voids by image processing software or the like.

31
3-7. Judgment of the filling ratio(1)
Management item Criteria Remarks

1 Filling percentage more than 90％ ・Intend for over 5㎜ diameter.

of all area

Filling percentage ･Intend for over 5㎜ diameter.

2 of each area more than 85％ ･Distribution of vacant space not
having deflection.

・The vacant space is not

3 Situation of made from breathing water.
・Allowable max vacant space
surface ・Less than Allowable max diameter ＜ 40mm
vacant space diameter

· Efficient judgment by image processing software

· Focus on uniform packing
· If it exceeds the judgment criteria, review the
construction method

32
3-8. Judgment of the filling ratio (2)
Example:
The diameter and distribution are important to judge the
filling ratio.

Unallowable許容できない大きさの空隙
vacant space！

充填率≒90％ 充填率≒90％
Both side's example are filling percentage 90% and above.
Comparison of the test result
33
3-9. Torque values for installation bolt of rubber
bearing
Recommended torque values
Bolt diameter M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M33 M36 M39 M42
Torque value
100 120 160 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000
(N・m）

・ In order to tighten the bolt evenly, the

torque value is determined and managed.
・It is recommended as construction
management method.

・In the case, designer may appoint it, you

Marking for fastening check. should confirm the document

34
・Fastening the bolts uniformly

35
3-10. Setting accuracy & inspection of the bearing
isolator
１．Setting accuracy of lower base-plate construction.
２．Seismic gap between retaining wall and structure.
３． Setting accuracy of the case that the steel members
directly on the bearings isolator.

1/400 (1/500)

±5mm（±3mm)

36
3-11. Setting of sliding & rolling bearing isolator

Point：horizontal precision, restraint, protection

covering

Water、oil、
dirt

covering
stopper
Sliding bearing Straight rolling bearing

37
4. Inspection at the completion
Subject
・bearings (external inspection） displacement)
・Seismic isolation layer（piping,wiring, gap, drainage )
・Seismic gap of building perimeter

Point!
・Fairness inspection by the licensed person.
・It should be carried out in the presence of facilities builder and
supervisor.
・Intermediate inspection is recommended under construction.
・Confirm the marking for maintenance, and all bolts are fastening
additionally.

38
4.1 Confirm the seismic gap

Do not put burning material in

seismic isolation layer.

Superstructure floor slab

will clash with plant.
39
 ・Flexible pipe
joint

・Vertical seismic gap

・Flexible wiring

← Example of malfunction
：Piping fixed both superstructure
(isolation) and substructure (non-isolation)

40
5. Inportant items of the construction plan

1. Setting of seismic gap (horizontal & vertical)

2. Countermeasure against the strain due to the drying
shrinkage of the structure.
3. Measures against rainwater infiltration of the seismic
isolation layer.
4. Ventilation of the seismic isolation layer.
5. Protection of the seismic isolation device from fire.
6. Construction of mid-story SI system buildings

41
5-1. Appropriate seismic gap

･The seismic gap fluctuates in various factors after the

completion.

･ If the seismic gap is small, there is a risk of collision.

･To realize the appropriate seismic gap, cooperation

is necessary not only the designer but the contractor.

42
 5-2. Measures against drying shrinkage
･The superstructure of seismic isolation building will shrink due
to the natural dry shrinkage of concrete.
･Rubber bearing will incline toward the building center by
shrinkage of superstructure.

躯体の収縮

アイソ レータ アイソ レータ

変形

耐圧版 耐圧版

Example of deformation due to shrinkage of the superstructure.

(about 10mm) 43
◆ Countermeasures against the strain due to
shrinkage of the structure
・Install a groove that concrete can be shrink.
(Inserting concrete later)
・Mixing concrete
（ Add additive materials and
reduction of water etc.)

･In advance, discuss with engineer

and contractor

Estimation of
shrinkage
44
5-3. Measures to prevent rainwater from entering
the seismic isolation layer
・ Rainwater intrusion affects the durability of the seismic
isolation device
・ Installation of drainage pump, monitoring system of
construction pause date

Examples of rainwater intrusion during construction

45
5-4. Ventilation of the seismic isolation layer

Water condensation ← Waterproof paint or

galvanizing plate

Ventilation duct

↑ power ventilation

← Natural ventilation
Wire net covering of the seismic gap 46
5-5. Protection of the seismic isolation device
from fire
It is a principle not to use welding and others fire in the
neighborhood of isolator.
Protection（covering) is necessary during construction.
Rubber damaged in a burn

Example : Protection by 0.5mm zinc sheet

47
5-6. Construction of mid-story SI system buildings
Special countermeasures required for a mid-story SI system are
as follows:
(1) Displacement of outer- and inner-walls of SI layer
(2) Displacement of stairs passing through SI layer
(3) Displacement of elevators and shafts passing through SI layer
(4) Pipe joints passing through SI layer
(5) Fire protection

Setting of upper baseplate

Construction of lower
Setting of lower baseplate Setting of isolator
part of column

Construction process 48
5-6. Construction of mid-story SI system buildings

Gaps of external walls

Water edge Water edge

Drip edge

Details of gaps 49
5-6. Construction of mid-story SI system buildings
Upper column
Hinge
Panel
Rubber

Lower column

Calcium silicate plate

Movable-panel style

Glass wool

Nomal time

During earthquake Multi-stage type

Examples of fireproof construction 50
◆ Construction Procedure Standard for
Seismic Isolation Structure＆Maintenance
Standards of Seismically Isolated Buildings

51
JSSI Construction Procedure Standard for Maintenance Standards of Seismically
Seismic Isolation Structure Isolated Buildings
 ◆ Important point of construction

1. Manufacture control & inspection of seismic isolation

devices.

2. Construction plan & horizontal constrain of bearing.

3. Construction of seismic isolation layer.

4. Inspection of seismic isolation building at completion.

5. Important items of construction.

52
Thank you for your attention.