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https://thewire.in/environment/ngt-fines-delhi-govt-rs-900-crore-for-undisposed-waste-in-
ghazipur-bhalswa-okhla-landfills
- The presence of dumping grounds in highly urbanized environment directly results
into health hazards for the people residing in the surrounding areas. In the past years,
these open dumps have become a threat to the local hydrogeology. Groundwater
contamination is one of the major problems associated with these open dumps. The
Ghazipur landfill site is also a nonsanitary dumpsite site located in the eastern part of
Delhi, India. The site is surrounded by densely populated residences and some of
Delhi’s largest commercial raw food supply chains for dairy & poultry products, fish
& meat supplies, fruit & vegetable items, etc. It is a matter of fact from various
studies that penetration of the leachate in to the sub-soil strata at Ghazipur is taking
place for a considerable time period. At the same time, the lack of infrastructure for
basic facilities like drinking water has increased the dependency of the nearby
inhabitants on the ground water leading to a high health risk.
- Results of the study depict that due to the release of toxic gases from landfill sites,
84% of people are facing breathing problems, and 72% of people are suffering from
eye irritation. Diseases like dengue, typhoid, and malaria cases (29%) are most
prominent in the study area. The people have come across water contamination
problems as well. As a result, participants who lived near the landfill site were less
comfortable with their residing location in comparison to those who lived further
away. [ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40128-2_9] (200 ppl around the 4 km
dump site)
Second Part //// Introduce Polluter Pays principle – to restore environment and mitigate
damages.
In re: Compliance of Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and other
environmental issues - In Original Application No. 606/2018.
- NGT Fines on Delhi government = 900 Cr for poor solid waste management on
October 2022 + 2232 Cr (at the rate of Rs 2 crore per million litres per day (MLD) of
untreated sewage and Rs 300 per tonne of untreated legacy waste) on 16 February
2023 - total of 3,132 cr. In Original Application No. 606/2018.
- In NGT order 29/01/2021 in OA No. 519/2019 – “

9. We may note that as per information furnished during the hearing, the extent of
legacy waste and the land covered by the three dump sites are as follow: i. East Delhi
Ghazipur dumpsite- 1.4 crore metric tonne approx. on 70 acres of land ii. North Delhi
Bhalswa dumpsite - 80 lakh metric tonne approx. on 36 acres of land iii. South Delhi
Okhla dumpsite – 55-60 lakh metric tonne approx. on 46 acres of land”
- On 10.01.2020, after reviewing the earlier orders in O.A. No. 606/2018, this Tribunal
directed: “19. Thus, monetary cost of every legacy dump site is expected to be huge
depending upon the location, quantity and quality of waste and area covered, its
proximity to water body/ stream and human habitation etc. Needless to say that there
is huge cost for non-compliance of provisions relating to waste management – Solid
as well as Liquid. Loss to the environment and public health is taking place not only
on account of delay in clearing legacy waste but also for not complying with other
provisions of the Rules resulting in huge gap in generation and processing of waste.”
Solutions:
- Bio Mining: heap of garbage – add culture – 27 days pass – processed and segregated
in stages – by products such as RDF, compost and inert – could be reused in other
places. (1.8 L ton in Bhopal)
- Bio Capping: digging land – place high density plastic – trapezium structure of waste
– cover structure with geo membrane – cover with soil and grass- leachate (garbage
juice) is collected and treated along with other gases.
- Segregation at time of collection of wastes and separate processing at every stage
(Long term solution)
- Building modern dump sites: Newer landfills are being constructed with synthetic
membranes to prevent mercury from escaping into soil and groundwater. Instead, the
toxins are drained through a collection of pipes and discharged into a sewer system
where they can be retained, incinerated or converted into fertilizer.
- Advanced Leachate treatment – introducing biological enzymes or chemicals to
oxidise or breakdown harmful elements in the liquid and then adding the liquid to
sewage treatment plants where they are finally treated to ensure safety.
- Greenhouse gases: they are produced when the elements of nature breakdown food
waste – if the breaking down is ensure in an open (well ventilated) space methane is
not produced or the breaking down is done in closed chambers but the methane
produced is collected and repurposed.
Choosing the location of the landfills to ensure that the sweapage of hazardous substances
into the environment is less probable. – “Modern landfills generate significantly lower
concentrations of NMOCs [nonmethane organic compounds] than older sites. . . .
[Also,] the potential risks to human health and the environment of gases from modern
landfills is significantly less than older landfills because the devices used to combust [burn]
the gas have destruction efficiencies of more than 99 percent for methane and greater than 98
percent for all other NMOCs. [And] releases of trace constituents contained in the leachate
from modern landfills are practically eliminated because leachate is collected, removed, and
treated. . . .”

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Links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Y8q1YIh9RB4 (The Print)

- In NGT order 29/01/2021 in OA No. 519/2019 – “

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