ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Section A

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which cell will measure standard electrode potential of copper electrode?
(a) Pt (s), H2 (g) (0.1 bar) | H + (aq.) (1M) || Cu2+ (aq.) (1M) | Cu (s)
(b) Pt (s), H2 (g) (1 bar) | H + (aq.) (1M) || Cu2+ (aq.) (1M) | Cu (s)
(c) Pt (s), H2 (g) (1 bar) | H + (aq.) (1M) || Cu2+ (aq.) (1M) | Cu (s)
(d) Pt (s), H2 (g) (0.1 bar) | H + (aq.) (1M) || Cu2+ (aq.) (0.1M) | Cu (s)
2. An electrochemical cell can behave like an electrolytic cell when
(a) 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 0 (b) 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 > 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡
(c) 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 < 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 (d) 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡
0 0
3. For the electrochemical cell, M | M+ || X− | X, EM + /M = +0.44 V, EX− /X = +0.33V. From

these data we can deduce that:

(a) M + X → M+ + X− is the spontaneous reaction
(b) M+ + X− → M + X is the spontaneous reaction
(c) 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 = +0.77V
(d) 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 = −0.77V
0 0
4. If EFe3+ /Fe = −0.441V and EFe3+ /Fe2+ = −0.771V, the standard EMF of the reaction:

Fe + 2Fe3+ → 3Fe2+ will be −

(a) 1.653V (b) 1.212V
(c) 0.111V (d) 0.330V
5. The standard reduction potential values of three metallic cations A, B, C are 0.52 V, −3.03
V and −1.18 V respectively. The order of reducing power of the corresponding metals is:
(a) B > A > C (b) A > B > C
(c) C > B > A (d) B > C > A
6. A gas ‘X’ at 1 atm is bubbled through a solution containing a mixture of 1 molar Y− and
molar Z− at 25oC. If the reduction potential of Z > Y > X, then −
(a) Y will oxidise X and not Z (b) Y will oxidise Z and not Y
(c) Y will oxidise both Z and X (d) Y will reduce both Z and X
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7. Using the data given below, find out the most stable ion in its reduced form.
0 0 0 0
ECr 2−
/Cr3+ = 1.33 V; ECl 2 /Cl
− = 1.36 V; E
MnO4− /𝑀𝑛2+ = 1.51 V; ECr3+ /Cr = 0.74 V
2 O7

(a) Cl− (b) Cr3+

(c) Cr2O72− (d) Mn2+
8. The cell constant of a conductivity cell −
(a) changes with change of electrolyte
(b) changes with change in concentration of electrolyte
(c) changes with temperature of electrolyte
(d) remains constant for a cell
9. What pressure of H2 would be required to make EMF of hydrogen electrode zero in pure
water at 25oC?
(a) 10−7 atm (b) 10−14 atm
(c) 1 atm (d) 0.5 atm
10. The potential of a hydrogen electrode at pH = 10 is:
(a) +0.59 V (b) 0.00 V
(c) –0.59 V (d) –0.059 V
11. Zinc is coated over iron to prevent rusting of iron because

(a) E 0Zn2+ /Zn = EFe

0
2+ /Fe
0
(b) EZn 0
2+ /Zn < EFe2+ /Fe

(c) E 0Zn2+ /Zn > EFe

0
2+ /Fe (d) None of these

12. For the reduction of Ag+ ions with copper metal, the standard cell potential was found to
be 0.46 V at 25oC. The value of standard free energy (∆G0) will be:
(a) –89.0 kJ (b) –89.0 J
(c) –44.5 kJ (d) –98.0 kJ
13. For the reaction Ti (s) | Ti2+ (0.01 M) || Cu2+ (0.01 M) | Cu (s), the value of 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 can be
increased by
(a) increase in Cu2+ (b) increase in Ti2+
(c) decrease in Cu2+ (d) None of these
0
14. E𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 1.1 V for Daniell cell. Which of the following expressions are correct descriptions
of state of equilibrium in this cell?
2.303RT
(a) 1.1 = Kc (b) log Kc
2F

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 2.2
(c) log Kc = (d) log Kc = 1.1
0.059

15. Two faradays of electricity are passed through a solution of CuSO4. The mass of copper
deposited at the cathode is (at. Mass of Cu = 63.5 u)
(a) 2 g (b) 127 g
(c) 0 g (d) 63.5 g
16. When 0.1 mol MnO42− is oxidized, the quantity of electricity required to completely
oxidize MnO42− to MnO 4− is
(a) 96500 C (b) 2 × 96500 C
(c) 9650 C (d) 96.50 C
17. Which pair of electrolytes could not be distinguished by the products of electrolysis using
inert electrodes?
(a) 1 M CuSO4, 1 M CuCl2
(b) 1 M KCl, 1 M KI
(c) 1 M AgNO3 , 1 M Cu(NO3)2
(d) 1 M KCl, 1 M NaCl
18. An aqueous solution of CuSO4 is subjected to electrolysis using inert electrodes. The pH
of the solution will be:
(a) increase
(b) decrease
(c) remain unchanged
(d) increase or decrease depending upon the strength of the current.
19. The quantity of charge required to obtain one mole of aluminium from Al2O3 is
(a) 1 F (b) 2 F
(c) 3 F (d) 6 F
20. The solution of nickel sulphate in which nickel rod is dipped is diluted 10 times. The
potential of nickel
(a) decreases by 60 mV (b) increases by 30 V
(c) decreases by 30 mV (d) decreases by 60 V
21. The volume of hydrogen at S.T.P. displaced by the amount of current which displaced
1.08 g of Ag (equivalent mass of Ag = 108) will be
(a) 1120 c.c. (b) 11.2 c.c.
(c) 112 c.c. (d) 11200 c.c.

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22. One faraday of electricity is passed through molten Al 2O3 , aqueous solution of CuSO4 and
molten NaCl taken in three different electrolytic cells connected in series. The mole ratio of
Al, Cu, Na deposited at the respective cathode is
(a) 2 : 3 : 6 (b) 6 : 2 : 3
(c) 6 : 3 : 2 (d) 1 : 2 : 3
23. The cell constant of a conductivity cell:
(a) changes with change of electrolyte
(b) changes with change of concentration of electrolyte
(c) changes with temperature of electrolyte
(d) remains constant for a cell
24. The conductivity of centimolar KCl solution is 1.41 × 10−3 S cm−1. What is the molar
conductivity (S cm2 mol−1)?
(a) 14.1 (b) 1.41
(c) 1410 (d) 141
25. Λ0 m (NH4OH) is equal to −
(a) Λ0 m (NH 4OH) + Λ 0 m (NH4 Cl) − Λ0 m (HCl)
(b) Λ0 m (NH4 Cl) + Λ0 m (NaOH) − Λ0 m (NaCl)
(c) Λ 0 m (NH 4Cl) + Λ0 m (NaCl) - Λ0 m (NaOH)
(d) Λ0 m (NaOH) + Λ0 m (NaCl) − Λ0 m (NH4 Cl)
26. Molar conductance of M/32 solution of a weak monobasic acid is 8.0 ohm−1 cm2 mol−1
and at infinite dilution, the value is 400 ohm−1 cm2 mol−1. The dissociation constant of acid
will be:
(a) 1.25 × 10−6 (b) 6.25 × 10−4
(c) 1.25 × 10−4 (d) 1.25 × 10−5

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 Section B
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
In the following question, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and the
other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is NOT
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect statement.
(d) Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct statement.
1. Assertion: Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Reason: The E0 value of Zn is – 0.76 V while that of Cu is + 0.34 V.
2. Assertion: For the Daniell cell, Zn | Zn2+ || Cu2+ | Cu with E0cell = 1.1 V results into flow
of electron from cathode to anode.
Reason: Zn is deposited at anode and Cu is dissolved at cathode.
3. Assertion: A saturated solution of KCl is used to make salt bridge in concentration cells.
Reason: Mobility of K+ and Cl- ions are nearly the same.
4. Assertion: The Daniell cell becomes dead after some time.
Reason: Oxidation potential of zinc anode decreases and that of copper cathode
increases.
5. Assertion: Electrolysis of CuSO4 solution using platinum electrodes gives oxygen at the
anode but using copper electrodes, no oxygen gas is liberated at the anode.
6. Reason: Copper metal of copper anode is more easily oxidised than other ions in the
solution.
7. Assertion: Specific conductance of an electrolyte decreases on dilution.
Reason: On dilution, the degree of ionisation of electrolyte decreases.
8. Assertion: Specific conductance of electrolytic solution increases with increase of
temperature.
Reason: Specific conductance is the conductance of 1 cm3 of the solution.
9. Assertion: Molar conductivity of a weak electrolyte at infinite dilution cannot be
determined experimentally.

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 Reason: Kohlrausch law helps to find molar conductivity of a weak electrolyte at infinite
dilution.
10. Assertion: The cell constant of a conductivity cell depends on the nature of the material
of the electrodes.
Reason: The observed conductance of a solution depends on the nature of the material of
the electrodes.
11. Assertion: The electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution gives hydrogen at the cathode and
chlorine at the anode.
Reason: Chlorine has higher oxidation potential.
12. Assertion: When aqueous solution of CuSO4 is electrolysed using copper electrode, no
gas is liberated at the anode.
Reason: Cu of the anode is more easily oxidised than OH - ions or SO42- ions present in
the solution.
13. Assertion: In electrolysis, the quantity of electricity needed for depositing 1 mole of
silver is different from that required for 1 mole of copper.
Reason: The molecular weights of silver and copper are different.
14. Assertion: H2 -O2 fuel cell gives a constant voltage throughout its life.
Reason: In this cell, H2 reacts with OH- ions, yet the overall concentration of OH - ions
does not change.
15. Assertion: During discharge of a lead storage battery, both Pb and PbO2 are reduced to
form PbSO4.
Reason: During recharge, PbSO4 is reduced as well as oxidized.
16. Assertion: Rusting of submarines is prevented by fixing magnesium plates on its body.
Reason: Prevention of rusting of iron using magnesium is called cathodic protection.

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 Section C
Numerical Problems:
Electrochemical Cells:
1. The standard emf (E 0) of the following cells Ag | Ag + (1 M) || Cu2+ (1 M) | Cu and Zn |
Zn2+ (1 M) || Cu2+ (1 M) | Cu are –0.46 V and +1.10 V respectively. Calculate the standard
EMF of the cell: Zn | Zn2+ (1 M) || Ag+ (1 M) | Ag. Ans. 1.56 V
2. A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of Zn. The salt is 95% dissociated at this dilution at
0
298 K. Calculate the electrode potential. (Given: EZn 2+ /Zn = −0.76 V) Ans. –0.79021 V

3. Calculate the potential for half-cell containing 0.01 M K2 Cr2O7, 0.20 M Cr3+ and 1.0 ×
10−4 M H +. The half-cell reaction is Cr2 O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O and the
standard electrode potential is given as E0 = 1.33 V Ans: 0.76 V
4. At what pH of HCl solution will hydrogen gas electrode show electrode potential of –
0.118 V? H2 gas is bubbled at 250C and 1 atm pressure. Ans: pH=2
5. Calculate the EMF of the cell: Zn(s) | Zn2+ (0.01 M) || Ag+ (0.001 M) | Ag(s) Given:
0 0
EZn2+ /Zn = −0.76 V; EAg+ /Ag = +0.80 V; (log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771) Ans: 1.44
V
6. Calculate the EMF for the following cell at 25 0C:
Cd (s) | Cd2+ (0.10 M) || H + (0.20 M) | H2 (0.5 atm) | Pt (s)
0 0
(Given: ECd 2+ /Cd = −0.403 V; E + 1
H / H
= 0.00 V) Ans: 0.400 V
2 2

7. The emf of the following cell is found to be 0.20 V at 298 K

Cd (s) | Cd2+ (x M) || Ni2+ (2.0 M) | Ni (s)
What is the molar concentration of Cd2+ ions in the solution?
0 0
(Given: ECd 2+ /Cd = −0.40 V; E Ni2+ /Ni = −0.25 V) Ans. 0.0409 V

8. Calculate the Ecell for the cell with following cell reaction:
Sn4+ (1.50 M) + Zn (s) → Sn2+ (0.50 M) + Zn2+ (2.0 M)
0
The value of Ecell is 0.89 V. If the concentration of Sn4+ is increased what will happen to
cell potential? Ans.0.895V, increase
9. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 298 K
0
4Br− + O2 + 4H+ → 2Br2 + 2H2O if Ecell = 0.320 V Ans. 6.74 × 1010
10. A galvanic cell is constructed with Ag+/Ag as one electrode and Fe2+/Fe3+ as the second
electrode. Calculate the concentration of Ag+ ions at which the EMF of the cell will be
zero at equimolar concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions.
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 0 0
(EFe3+ /Fe2+ = +0.77 V; EAg+ /Ag = 0.80 V) Ans. 0.31M

11. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction, Zn + Cu 2+ ⇌ Zn2+ + Cu,
0 0
if EZn2+ /Zn = −0.76 V and E Cu2+ /Cu = +0.34 V.

(Given: R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1; F = 96500 C) Ans. 2.121× 1037

12. The standard emf of the cell reaction: 3Sn4+ + 2Cr → 3Sn2+ + 2Cr3+ is 0.89 V.
Calculate ∆G0 for the reaction. (Given: F = 96500 C) Ans: −515.31 kJ
13. Calculate ∆G0 and log Kc for the following reaction: Zn (s) + Cd2+(aq.) ⇌ Zn2+(aq.) + Cd(s)
0 0 2+
(Given: EZn 2+ /Zn = - 0.76 V; E Cd /Cd = - 0.40 V) Ans. – 69.48 kJ, 1.58×1012
14. Calculate the standard free energy change and maximum work obtainable for the reaction.
Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq.) ⇌ Zn2+ (aq.) + Cu (s)
0 0
(Given: EZn 2+ /Zn = −0.76 V and ECu2+ /Cu = + 0.34 V) Ans. –212.3 kJ mol−1 , 212.3 kJ

15. For the reaction, 2AgCl (s) + H2 (g) (1 atm) → 2Ag (s) + 2H+(0.1 M) + 2Cl−(0.1 M);
∆G0 = −43.6 kJ at 250C. Calculate EMF of the cell. Ans: 0.2851 V

Electrical Conductance:
1. The resistance of solution A is 50 ohms and resistance of solution B is 100 ohms. (Both
solutions being taken in same conductivity cell). Equal volumes of solution A and B are
mixed and taken in the same conductivity cell. What will be the resistance of the
solution? Assume that there is no change in degree of dissociation of A and B.
Ans. 66.67 ohm
2. The resistance and conductivity of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at
298 K are 1200 ohm and 1.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 respectively. Calculate the cell constant and
molar conductivity of the solution. Ans. 0.18 cm−1 , 150 S cm2 mol−1
3. The resistance of a decimolar solution of an electrolyte in a conductivity cell was found to
be 245 ohms. Calculate the molar conductivity of the solution if the electrodes in the cell
were 2 cm apart and has an area of 3.5 sq. cm. Ans: 23.32 S cm2 mol−1
M
4. A cell with KCl solution showed a resistance of 550 ohms at 25 0C. The specific
50
M M
conductivity of KCl solution is 0.002768 ohm −1 cm−1. Now, the cell filled with
50 10

ZnSO4 solution at 250C shows a resistance of 72.18 ohm. Find out the molar conductivity
M
of ZnSO4 solution. Ans. 421.8 ohm−1 cm2 mol−1
10

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5. The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05 M NaOH solution of diameter 1 cm and
length 50 cm is 5.55 x 103 ohm. Calculate its resistivity, conductivity and molar
conductivity. Ans. 87.135 ohm.cm, 0.01148 S cm−1, 229.6 S cm2 mol−1
6. The molar conductivity of a 1.5 M solution of an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm 2
mol−1 . Calculate the conductivity of the solution. Ans. 0.208 S cm−1
M
7. A potential difference of 20 V applied to the ends of a column of AgNO3 solution.
10

Having 4 cm in diameter and 12 cm in length gave a current of 0.20 A. Calculate the

molar conductivity of the solution. Ans. 95.5 S cm2 mol−1
8. Electrolytic conductivity of a solution containing 1 g of anhydrous BaCl 2 in 200 cm3
solution has been found to be 0.0058 mho cm−1. What is the molar conductivity of the
solution? (At. Mass of Ba = 137; Cl = 35.5) Ans. 241.67 S cm2 mol−1
9. Calculate Λ0 m for CaCl2 and MgSO4 from the following data:
λ0 (S cm2 mol−1 : Ca2+ = 119.0, Mg2+ = 106.0, Cl − = 76.3, SO42− = 160.0
Ans. 271.6 S cm2 mol−1 , 266 S cm2 mol−1
10. The molar conductivity of NH4Cl at infinite dilution is 149.7 S cm2 mol−1 and the ionic
conductivities of OH - and Cl -1 ions are 198 and 76.3 S cm2 mol-1 respectively. Calculate
the molar conductivity of NH4OH at this dilution. Ans. 271.4 S cm2 mol−1
11. The molar conductivities of CH3 COONa, HCl and NaCl at infinite dilution are 91.0,
426.0 and 126.0 S cm2 mol−1 respectively. Calculate the molar conductivity of acetic acid
at infinite dilution. Ans. 391 S cm2 mol−1
12. The conductivity of 10 -3 M acetic acid at 250C is 4.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 . Calculate degree of
dissociation of the solution if Λ0 m for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm2 mol−1. Ans. 0.105
13. The molar conductivity of ammonium hydroxide solutions of concentration 0.1 M, 0.01
M and 0.001 M are 3.6, 11.3 and 34.0 S cm 2 mol-1 respectively. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of ammonium hydroxide at these concentrations. Molar conductivity of
ammonium hydroxide at infinite dilution is 271.1 S cm2 mol−1 .
Ans. 0.0133, 0.0417, 0.1254
14. Molar conductivities at infinite dilution (at 298 K) of NH4Cl, NaOH and NaCl are 129.8,
217.4 and 108.9 S cm2 mol−1 respectively. If the molar conductivity of a centimolar
solution of NH4OH is 9.33 S cm2 mol−1, what is the percentage dissociation of NH 4 OH at
this concentration? Also calculate the dissociation constant for NH4OH.
Ans. 3.90%, 1.57 × 10-5 mol L−1

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15. The conductivity of a saturated solution of AgCl at 298 K is found to be 1.382 × 10−6 S
cm−1 . Find its solubility. Given ionic conductance of Ag + and Cl− at infinite dilution are
61.9 S cm2 mol−1 and 76.3 S cm2 mol−1 respectively. Ans. 1.435 × 10-3 g L-1

Electrolytic cells and Faraday’s laws:

1. For how long a current of 1.5 ampere has to be passed through the electrolyte in order to
deposit 1.0 g of Al when the electrode reaction is Al3+ + 3e− → Al?
(Given: Atomic mass of Al = 27) Ans. 1.98 hours
2. Calculate the mass of hydrogen evolved by passing a current of 0.5 ampere for 40
minutes through acidified water. Ans. 0.0126 g
3. The electrolysis of an acetate solution produces ethane according to reaction −
2CH3COO− → C2H6 + 2CO2 + 2e−
The efficiency of reaction is 82%. What volume of ethane and carbon dioxide would be
produced at 270C and 740 mm Hg if current of 0.5 amp is passed through the solution for
420 minutes. Ans. 1.35 L, 2.70 L
4. How many coulombs of electricity are required for
(a) Oxidation of 90 g of water.
(b) Reduction of 0.2 moles of Cr2O72− to Cr3+.
(c) Complete reduction of MnO4− ions in 500 mL of 0.5 M solution to Mn2+ ions.
Ans. 9.65 × 105 C, 19300 C, 120625 C

5. The electrolysis of a metal salt solution was carried out by passing a current of 4 amp for
45 minutes. It resulted in deposition of 2.977 g of a metal. If atomic mass of the metal is
106.4 g mol -, calculate the charge on the metal ion. Ans. +4
6. Two electrolytic cells containing silver nitrate solution and copper sulphate solution are
connected in series. A steady current of 2.5 ampere was passed through them till 1.078 g
of Ag were deposited.
(a) How long did the current flow?
(b) What weight of copper will be deposited at the same time?

(Given: At. Mass of Ag = 107.8, Cu = 63.5) Ans. 6 min 26 s, 0.3175 g

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7. Silver is electro-deposited on a metallic vessel of surface area 800 cm2 by passing a
current 0.2 ampere for 3 hours. Calculate the thickness of silver deposited. Given the
density of silver as 10.47 g cm −3. (Atomic mass = 107.92) Ans. 2.88 × 10−4 cm
8. When a current of 0.75 A is passed through CuSO 4 solution for 25 min, 0.369 g of copper
is deposited at the cathode. Calculate the atomic mass of copper. Ans. 63.3
9. On passing a current of 1.0 ampere for 16 min and 5 sec through 1 L solution of CuCl2,
all copper of the solution was deposited at the cathode. Calculate the strength of CuCl 2
solution. (Given: Atomic mass of Cu = 63.5; Faraday constant = 96500 C) Ans: 0.005 M
10. A current is passed through two cells connected in series. Thee first cell contains X(NO 3) 3
and the second cell contains Y(NO3)2 . The relative atomic masses of X and Y are in the
ratio 1:2. What is the ratio of the liberated mass of X to that of Y? Ans. 1:3

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 Section D

 Passage 1
Cell potential is the difference between electrode potential of two half cells. The standard
cell potential is given as −
0 0 0
Ecell = Ecathode – Eanode
The potential of the electrode in the half cell reaction; M n+(aq.) + ne− → M (s); is given
by Nernst equation as follows −
0 RT [M(s)]
EMn+/M = EM n+ /M − ln
nF [Mn+ (aq.)]

On the basis of above paragraph, answer the following questions –

1. Write Nernst equation for the reaction: 2Cr (s) + 3Cd2+ (aq.) → 2Cr 3+ (aq.) + 3Cd (s)
2. What will happen to the value of emf of the cell Zn | Zn2+ (0.1 M) || Cu2+ (0.1 M) | Cu
if the concentration of the electrolyte in the compartment is increased?
3. Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH is 4.

 Passage 2
Electrolysis is the process of decomposition of an electrolyte by the passage of electricity
through its aqueous solution or molten salt. The product of electrolysis depends on the
relative standard electrode potential or discharge potential. The ion having lower discha rge
potential will be discharged first. Faraday’s laws help to calculate the quantity of
substance deposited on the electrode.

On the basis of the paragraph, answer the following questions −

1. How will the pH of brine (aq. NaCl solution) be affected when it is electrolysed?
2. Calculate the number of coulombs required for the oxidation of1 mole of water to
oxygen as per equation: 2H2O → 4H+ + O 2 + 4e− [Given: 1 F = 96500 C]
3. A solution of CuSO4 is electrolysed for 10 minutes with a current of 1.5 A. What is
the mass of Cu deposited at cathode?

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 Passage 3
Metallic conductance is due to flow of electrons whereas electrolytic conductance is due
to ions. Specific conductance decreases with dilution whereas Λ m (molar conductivity)
increases with dilution. Limiting molar conductivity of a strong electrolyte can be found
by extrapolation of the graph Λ m vs. √C to zero concentration. Kohlrausch law helps to
determine limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolyte, their degree of ionisation (α)
and their dissociation constants.

On the basis of above paragraph, answer the following questions –

1. When does electrochemical cell behave like electrolytic cell?
2. Out of 0.5 M, 0.01 M, 0.1 M and 1.0 M solution of KCl, which will have highest
value of specific conductance and why?
3. Molar conductivity of 1 M methanoic acid solution is 10 S cm2 mol-1 and at infinite
dilution it is 200 S cm2 mol-1 . What is the pH of methanoic acid solution?

 Passage 4
By definition, the fuel cell is an electrical cell which, unlike battery cell, can be
continuously fed with fuel, so that the electrical power from the output of this electric cell
can be maintained indefinitely. Therefore, the fuel cell converts hydrogen or
hydrogen−based fuels directly into electricity and heat through the electrochemical
reaction of hydrogen with oxygen: H2 -O2 fuel cell has been used in Apollo Mission. Lack
of pollutant emission is one of the advantages.

On the basis of above paragraph, answer the following questions –

1. Which cell is used in Apollo Mission?
2. Fuel cells are preferred to other energy producing devices in space. Give reason.
3. Write the electrode reactions of H2−O2 fuel cell.

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