Lec 5 - Stress Transformation (Mohr's Circle)
Lec 5 - Stress Transformation (Mohr's Circle)
Lec 5 - Stress Transformation (Mohr's Circle)
Courtesy of:
PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD ASHRAF
STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR'S CIRCLE)
• This stress transformation using Mohr’s Circle Method was devised by a German Engineer Otto Mohr in 1882.
• In this method a circle is drawn between normal stress and shear stress, from which stress at any orientation can
be obtained.
• If the circle is drawn to the scale, the stress can be obtained graphically from the circle, usually, however, a rough
sketch is drawn, and results are obtained analytically using some mathematical rules.
• To derive expressions for center and radius of Mohr’s circle, consider the normal and shear stress transformation
equations:
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎= + cos 2𝜃 − 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin 2𝜃 ⇒ 𝜎 − = cos 2𝜃 − 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin 2𝜃 −− −(𝑎)
2 2 2 2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜏= sin 2𝜃 − 𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos 2𝜃 −− −(𝑏)
2
Squaring and adding equations (a) and (b)
2 2 2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎− + 𝜏 = cos 2𝜃 − 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin 2𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos 2𝜃
2 2 2
STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR'S CIRCLE)
Simplifying the equation
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎− + 𝜏 2
2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
2 2
= cos 2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin 2𝜃 −2 cos 2𝜃 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin 2𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos 2𝜃
2 2 2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
+2 cos 2𝜃 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin 2𝜃
2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 2 2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
2
𝜎− + 𝜏 = cos2 2𝜃 + sin2 2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos2 2𝜃 + sin2 2𝜃
2 2
2 2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
𝜎− + 𝜏 = + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 −− −(𝑐)
2 2
Equation (c) is of the form:
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
2 2 2 2
𝜎−𝑐 + 𝜏 = 𝑅 −− − 𝑑 Where 𝑐 = and R = + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2 2
Equation (d) is equation of a circle where c defines position of its center and R is its radius.
STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR'S CIRCLE)
• A typical Mohr’s Circle is shown in the figure where
x and y planes, principle planes, max./min. shear
planes are shown as various points om Mohr’s Circle
• Each point of the Mohr’s Circle shows a stress plane.
• The angle between two radial lines drawn from two
points (stress planes) on Mohr’s Circle is double
than the angle between these planes.
• The angle between max. and min. normal and shear
stress planes are 90o, but in Mohr’s Circle their
radial lines are separated by 180o.
• The angle between x and y planes is 90o, but in
Mohr’s Circle their radial lines are separated by
180o.
• Therefore the angle θ between x and x’ planes shall
be shown as 2θ between the radial lines.
STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR'S CIRCLE)
Steps in Mohr’s Circle Method:
• For the given state of stress calculate the center
(c) and radius (R).
𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦
• 𝑐= and
2
𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 2 2
• R= + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2
𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 2 2
• R= + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 =
2
0−0 2 2
+ −8000 = 8000
2
As principle stresses for the given state of stress are known, the center
and radius of Mohr’s Circle can be determined from:
𝜎1 + 𝜎2 2000 + −8000
𝑐= = = −3000
2 2
𝜎1 − 𝜎2 2000 − −8000
𝑅= = = 5000
2 2
STRESS TRANSFORMATION (MOHR'S CIRCLE)
Prob. 935:
Solution: From the free body diagram the force acting at the desired section are:
𝑃𝑥 = 0, 𝑉𝑦 = −800 𝑙𝑏, 𝑉𝑧 = 1000 𝑙𝑏
𝑇𝑥 = 800 5 = 4000 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛, 𝑀𝑦 = − 1000 3 = −3000 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛,
𝑀𝑧 = − 800 3 = −2400 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛