MOS Lecture 06

Mechanics of Solids-1
CE-216
Lecture 6- Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stresses.
Instructor: Engr. Usama Ali
Mohr’s Circle
• Mohr’s circle is a graphical solution to find rethe lationship between
𝜎𝑥′ & 𝜏𝑥𝑦
′ at different planes
• This approach will allow us to “visualize” how the normal and shear
stress components 𝜎𝑥′ , & 𝜏𝑥𝑦′ vary as the plane on which they act is
oriented in different directions
• Once constructed, Mohr’s circle can be used to determine the
principal stresses, the maximum in-plane shear stress and associated
average normal stress, or the stress on any arbitrary plane.
Derivation for Mohr’s Circle
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥′
= + . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2
′
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥 − ( )= . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
2 2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 2 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
(𝜎𝑥′ − ) =( . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)2
2 2
𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 2 𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦
(𝜎𝑥′ − 2
)2 = ( 2
) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃 +2.
2
. 𝜏𝑥𝑦 . sin2θ. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃--------(i)
′
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦
𝜏𝑥𝑦
=− . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 +𝜏𝑥𝑦 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
2
′ 2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦
(𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) = (− . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 +𝜏𝑥𝑦 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)2
2
′ )2 = ( 𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦
2 2 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃 −2. 𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 . 𝜏 . sin2θ. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃------(ii)
(𝜏𝑥𝑦 ) . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃 +𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
2 2
Add (i) and (ii)
𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 2
(𝜎𝑥′ − )2 +(𝜏𝑥𝑦
′ )2 = ( ) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃)+𝜏𝑥𝑦
2 . (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝜃+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃)
2 2
𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 2
(𝜎𝑥′ − )2+(𝜏𝑥𝑦
′ )2 = ( 2
) +𝜏𝑥𝑦
2 2
𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 2 2
(𝜎𝑥′ − )2 +(𝜏𝑥𝑦
′ )2 =(
( ) +𝜏𝑥𝑦 )2
2 2
(𝝈′𝒙 − 𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒈 )𝟐 +(𝝉′𝒙𝒚 )𝟐 = 𝑹𝟐
Derivation for Mohr’s Circle
(𝝈′𝒙 − 𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒈 )𝟐 +(𝝉′𝒙𝒚 )𝟐 = 𝑹𝟐
If we establish coordinate axes, positive to the right and positive downward, and then plot the above equation,
it will be seen that this equation represents a circle having a radius R and center on the axis at point
C(𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 , 0). This circle is called Mohr’s circle, because it was developed by the German engineer Otto Mohr.
Procedure for Analysis
Construction of circle:
1. Establish a coordinate system such that the horizontal
axis represents the normal stress σ with positive to the
right, and the vertical axis represents the shear stress 𝜏
with positive downwards
2. Using the positive sign convention for 𝜎𝑥 , 𝜎𝑦 & 𝜏𝑥𝑦 . Plot 𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦
the center of the circle C, which is located on 𝜎 the axis at a distance from the origin.
2
3. Plot the “reference point” A having coordinates A(𝜎𝑥 , 𝜎𝑦 ). This point represents the normal
and shear stress components on the element’s right-hand vertical face, and since the x’ axis
coincides with the x axis, this represents 𝜃 = 0.
4. Connect point A with the center C of the circle and determine CA by trigonometry. This
distance represents the radius R of the circle.
5. Once R has been determined, sketch the circle.
Principal Stresses:
1. The principal stresses 𝜎1 & 𝜎2 (𝜎1 ≥ 𝜎2 )
and are the coordinates of points B and
D where the circle intersects the axis, i.e.,
where 𝜏 = 0.
2. These stresses act on planes defined by
angles 𝜃𝑝1 &𝜃𝑝2 . They are represented
on the circle by angles 2𝜃𝑝1 (shown) and 2𝜃𝑝2
(not shown) and are measured from the radial reference line
* CA to lines CB and CD, respectively.
3. Using trigonometry, only one of these angles needs to be
calculated from the circle, since 𝜃𝑝1 &𝜃𝑝2 are 90° apart.
Remember that the direction of rotation 2𝜃𝑝2 on the
circle (here it happens to be counter clockwise) represents the
same direction of rotation 𝜃𝑝 from the reference (+x) axis to the
principal plane(+x’)
Maximum In plane Shear Stresses:
1. The average normal stress and
maximum in-plane shear stress
components are determined from the
circle as the coordinates of
either point E or F.
2. In this case the angles 𝜃𝑠1 &𝜃𝑠2 and give the orientation of the
planes that contain these components. The angle is
2𝜃𝑠 can be determined using trigonometry. Here the
rotation happens to be clockwise, from CA to CE,
and so 𝜃𝑠1 must be clockwise on the element.
Stresses in Arbitrary plane:
1. The normal and shear stress components
′
𝜎𝑥′ & 𝜏𝑥𝑦 acting on a specified plane or
x’ axis, defined by the angle θ can
be obtained from the circle using
trigonometry to determine the
coordinates of point P
2. To locate P, the known angle θ (in this case
counter clockwise) must be measured on the circle
in the same direction 2θ (counter clockwise), from
the radial reference line CA to the radial line CP.

MOS Lecture 06

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MOS Lecture 06

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MOS Lecture 06

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mechanics of Solids-1

You might also like