For Finals PE

For Finals PE
Lesson 5:BITES AND STINGS
BITES
 Injuries produced by animal or human bites may cause punctures, lacerations, or
avulsions.
 Not only is care needed for open wounds but also consideration must be given to
the dangers of infection, especially rabies.
HUMAN BITES
 Human bites can often lead to infection because of the amount of bacteria and viruses in
a human mouth. If you have a bite that has become infected, you may need medication or
surgery.
Who is at risk for human bites?
Biting is most common among young children when they are curious, angry, or
frustrated. Children and their caretakers are frequently at risk for bite wounds.
Fighting can also lead to bites in both children and adults, including skin that’s
broken by a tooth during a punch to the mouth. Sometimes human bite wounds are
accidental, resulting from a fall or collision.
TYPES OF HUMAN BITES
Occlusion bites - These are what you generally think of when you picture a
human bite, and are the most common type. They occur when someone else’s
teeth sink into your skin with enough force to break through the surface of the
skin.
Clenched or closed fist bites: These can be accidental, as they occur when
someone’s fist makes contact with another person’s teeth, puncturing the hand in
the process. While this type of bite may not be as intentional, it typically creates
more serious injuries because the knuckles get damaged. This can lead to
infections in the finger’s joints, tendons and/or bones, along with tendinitis and
joint stiffness.
A bite may be mild, moderate, or severe. You may have breaks in the skin, with or without
blood. Bruising may also occur. Depending on the location of the bite, you might have injury to a
joint or tendon.
Because of the large quantity of bacteria in the human mouth, a human bite can easily lead to
infection. See a doctor about any bite that breaks the skin.
Seek medical help right away if you have pain, swelling, or redness in the area of the wound.
Bites near your face, feet, or hands may be more serious. A weakened immune system increases
the potential for complications from a human bite.
SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN BITES:
It’s likely that you will experience pain and tenderness wherever the injury occurred. The site of
the injury may also bleed and swell up. There are certain signs that can tell you if your wound
has been infected, including:
 Intense pain and swelling.
 Pus around the wound.
 If the wound feels warm to touch (if it’s hot, the wound is likely infected).
 Reddening of the skin (erythema) in the wounded area.
 A fever, chills or generally feeling unwell.
If you’ve been bitten on your finger and lose feeling in your fingertips or have trouble bending or
fully straightening your finger, it’s likely a sign that you’ve damaged some tendons and/or
nerves.
ANIMAL BITES
The bite of any animal, whether it is a wild animal or a pet, may result in an open
wound.
Dogs and cats are common. Although a dog bite is likely to cause more extensive
tissue damage than the cat bite, the cat may be more dangerous , because a wider
variety of bacteria is usually present in the mouth of a cat.
Many wild animals, especially bats, raccoons, and rats, transmit rabies. Tetanus is
a added danger in animal bites. Any animal bite carries a great risk of infection.
RABIES
 Rabies of hydrophobia, is an infectious disease due to a virus. It can be transmitted through
the infected saliva of a rabid animal to another animal or to a human.
 The infection can be spread when the rabid animal’s bite cause an open wound, even a
scratch, or when a rabid animal licks an existing open wound on a human or a nonrabid
animal.
 Rabies is responsible for the deaths of 200-300 Filipinos every year, more than 1/3 of these
are children under the age of 15.
SYMPTOMS OF RABIES
 Usually symptoms appear 1 to 3 months, although they can appear as early as a few days
after exposure to the virus.
 The illness is characterized by fever and pain or a tingling sensation at the wound site. As a
result of inflammation to the brain and spinal cord, some patients present with anxiety,
hyperactivity, convulsions, delirium, and have a fear of swallowing or drinking liquids, as
well as a fear of moving air or drafts.
 In other patients, muscles become paralysed followed by a coma. Once symptoms are
present, most patients die within 1 or 2 weeks.
FIRST AID FOR ANIMAL BITES
 Run the open wound in running water for 5 minutes.

 Wash the wound with an anti-bacterial soap.
 Rinse the soap then dry it with a clean towel.
 Apply betadine by using a cotton with an outward circular motion.
 After cleaning, go to the nearest clinic or health center to get a anti-rabies shot and tetanus
shot depending on the evaluation of the health professional.
SNAKE BITES
 Snake bite is an important medical emergency and cause of hospital admission. It may
result in the death or chronic disability of many active younger people, especially those
involved in farming and plantation work, if not given immediate treatment.
 How ever, not all snakes are fatal. A majority of snakes are not poisonous.
POISONOUS SNAKES
 Cobra
 Copperhead
 Coral snake
 Cottonmouth (water moccasin)
 Rattle snake
 Various snakes found in the zoo
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Depend on the type of snake, but may include:
 Bleeding from wound
 Blurred vision
 Burning of the skin
 Convulsion
 Diarrhea
 Dizziness
 Excessive sweating
 Fainting
 Fang marks in the skin
 Fever
 Increased thirst
 Collapse (hypotension, shock)
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Severe headache
 Heaviness of the eyelids
 Inappropriate drowsiness
FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR SNAKE BITES

 Do not panic and call emergency numbers.
 Give the precise information to the emergency dispatcher such as; the exact time of the
incident and the distinctive characteristics of the snake.
 Calm down the patient. Reassure the victim who may be very anxious.
 Control bleeding.
 Make sure to position the patient in such a way that the heart is higher than the wound.
 Do not let the patient move and talk to them. Assure them that emergency medical serviceS
DONT’S
 Do not make the patient tired.
 Do not use tourniquet.

 do not use ice pack on the bite marks.
 Do not puncture, pinch, or scrape the bitten area.
 Do not suck in the venom from the patient’s open wound.
 Do not give medication not prescribed by a doctor.
 Do not elevate the wound at the same level or higher than the chest\heart area.
ill soon arrive.
INSECT BITES AND STINGS
 Bites from mosquitoes, ants, and ticks cause mild reactions, while bites from bees and
wasps may cause allergic reactions.
 Stings and bites from insects are common. They often result in redness and swelling in the
injured area. Sometimes a sting or bite can cause a life-threatening allergic reaction or
transmit pathogens (viruses, bacteria, or parasites, for example) to humans.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMPS(ALLERGIC REACTION)
 Mild nausea and intestinal cramps
 Diarrhea
 Swelling larger than 2 inches in diameter at the site of the bite or sting.
NOTE: See doctor promptly if you experience any of these signs and symptoms.
FIRST AID TREATMENT

 Move to a safe area away from the insects. To prevent from
any further sting.
 For bee stings, remove stingers with the use of tweezers.
 Clean the injury with water and a mild soap.
 Apply hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion or any over-the-counter cream for insect bites
or stings several times a day until the symptoms subside. Consider antihistamine for
allergies.
WHEN TO SEEK MEDCAL TREATMENT
 If the area around the sting or bite swells up to be large, larger than a baseball,
 If the patient have severe reactions (or allergic reactions) to bug bites and stings.
 If the patient is having difficulty in breathing, confused, feels like their chest is tightening,
gets dizzy, gets nauseated, start vomiting.
 When the patient is getting dizzy or starting to lose consciousness, try to lay them in the
floor.
 Roll them to their side specially when the victims starts to vomit.
 While waiting for the ambulance, if the patient is not breathing, start CPR.

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For Finals PE

Lesson 5:BITES AND STINGS

Who is at risk for human bites?

TYPES OF HUMAN BITES

SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN BITES:

 Intense pain and swelling.

 Pus around the wound.

 Reddening of the skin (erythema) in the wounded area.

 A fever, chills or generally feeling unwell.

FIRST AID FOR ANIMAL BITES

 Run the open wound in running water for 5 minutes.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR SNAKE BITES

 Do not use tourniquet.

INSECT BITES AND STINGS

FIRST AID TREATMENT

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