Unit 3: THE GREEN MOVEMENT

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently….

1. A. fossil B. assistance C. biomass D. issue
2. A. wood B. soot C. brook D. booth
3. A. asthma B. breath C. athlete D. pathway
4. A. combustion B. consumption C. bronchitis D. custom
Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
1. A. hazardous B. nutritional C. renewable D. organic
2. A. assessment B. pollutant C replacement D. purification
3. A. sanitation B. lubricant C. sewage D. climate
4. A. vinegar B. clutter C. origin D. erosion
Choose the answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
1. _____ Ben better tell his mum what happened?
A. Mustn't B. Oughtn't C. Shouldn't D. Hadn't
2. Even _____I worked all night I won't finish.
A. although B. if C. so D. when
3. Every household should be more careful in the way that they _____of waste.
A. dispose B. disposal C. eliminate D. throw
4. So little _____about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.
A. I have known B. I knew C. did I know D. do I know
5. On hearing the news she fainted and it was half an hour before she came_____
again. A. round B. up C. over D. forward
6. When a fire broke out in the Louvre, at least twenty _____ paintings were destroyed, including two by
Picasso.
A. worthless B. priceless C. valueless D. worthy
7. His brother refuses to even listen to anyone else's point of view. He is very_____
A. open - minded B. kind - hearted C. narrow - minded D. absent - minded
8. British and Australian people share the same language, but in other respects they are as different
as_____
A. cats and dogs B chalk and cheese C. here and there D. salt and pepper
9. In the future cars will still be with us, but instead of petrol they could run _____
anything from electricity to methane gas.
A. in B. on C. from D. by
10. On the second thought, I believe I will go with you to the theater.
A. Upon reflection B After discussing with my wife
C. For this time only D. For the second time
Complete the sentences with the form of the word in CAPITALS. Use a gerund or a noun ending in
-ion or -ance. A prefix may also be needed.
The (1) dumping (DUMP) of phosphates and fertilisers into the river speeds up the growth of algae. These
plants then take over the rivers, and in the process of (2) _____ (RESPIRE) they begin to use up the
oxygen in the water. As a result, local aquatic life often dies from (3) _____ (SUFFOCATE) and we may
soon see the (4) _____ (APPEAR) of many native fish from our waterways.
The illegal (5) _____ (LOG) of trees to supply foreign buyers with timber products quickly leads to
(6)_____ (FOREST). In turn, this soon causes the (7) _____ (ERODE)of top soil. Without topsoil, as soon
as heavy rain arrives, (8)_____ (FLOOD) is likely to occur as a result. Herbicides have long been used for
the (9) _____(ERADICATE) of disease in crops. However, genetic engineering experiments have led to
the successful (10) _____(MODIFY) of certain plant genes. Therefore, the (11) _____(CULTIVATE) of
crops such as corn and wheat
which have a stronger (12) _____ (RESIST) to disease is now possible.
Identify one underlined part in each sentence that needs correcting.
1. None of the children wants to be in the group that has to stay inside because
everyone prefer to go outside and play.
A. wants B. has C. prefer D. play
2. The tour of the palace included a visit to the old kitchen where they were baking bread and the huge
underground wine cellar which was containing thousands of bottles and felt like a prison.
A. included B. were baking C. was containing D. felt
3. I have friends who had a baby a few years ago when we were neighbours in Wimbledon and, every
time when I go back to visit them, their child, whose name
is Sam, seems to have grown another ten centimetres.
A. who B. when C. when D. whose
4. By studying the fossils of pollen, which extremely resistant to decay, researchers can gain useful
information about the vegetation of the past.
A. By studying B. which C. can gain D. information
5. Did you know how that the actors' strike will delay the beginning of the new television season and
cause the cancellation of many contracts?
A. know how B. will delay C. of the new D. cause the
Read the text below and decide which answer A; B, C or D best fits each space.
TREES FOR LIFE
Trees are amongst the biggest and longest-living things on Earth, some dating back longer than the
oldest buildings. But (1) _____ being nice to look at, trees also (2) _____ an important role in improving
the quality of our lives.
On a world-wide (3) _____, forests help to slow down the effects of global warming by using up the
gas (4) _____ as carbon dioxide and giving (5) _____the oxygen we need breathe. At local neighborhood
level, trees also (6) _____ important environmental benefits. They offer shade and shelter, which in (7)
_____ reduces the amount of energy needed to heat and cool (8) _____buildings, at the same time, they
also remove other impurities from the air we breathe.
Urban trees are especially important because for many people they provide the only daily (9)
_____with the natural world. What's (l0) _____urban trees also provide a home for birds, small animals
and butterflies. (11) _____the trees we would lose the pleasure of seeing these creatures in our cities.
Regrettably, (12) _____, trees in cities are now coming under (13) _____. There is a limit to the level of
pollution they can (14) _____and down at the street level, their roots are being seriously (15) _____by the
digging needed to make way for modem telephone, television and other cables.
1. A. as far as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as well as
2. A. play B. show C. act D. serve
3. A. scale B. size C. range D. area
4. A. called B. known C. titled D. referred
5. A. in B. away C. up D. out
6. A. bring B. make C. take D. find
7. A. turn B. place C. order D. reach
8. A. opposite B. close C. next D. nearby
9. A. junction B. touch C. contact D. taste
10. A. more B. else C. most D. other
11. A. Throughout B. Beyond C. Without D. Outside
12. A. therefore B. whilst C. however D. despite
13. A. risk B. threat C. danger D. warning .
14. A. stand in for B. face up to C. put up with D. fall back on
15. A. concerned B. disturbed C. interfered D. involved
Complete the text by writing a word or a phrase from the box in each space.
just as/ as simple as/ less water/ a little richer/ a lot more/ as much/ than/ one/
drier/ harder/ higher/ the longer/ minute less/ more and more/ more sense/
more surprising/ and/ that/ If/ so/ This/ when/ shorter and cooler/ the best
SAVING WATER
Climate change in the UK may not be obvious, as to most people it seems (1)_____ just as wet a place
as ever. And everyone complains that gas and electricity is costing them (2) _____as their bills get bigger.
In fact, there isn't (3) _____water available in southern England as there used to be, mainly because new
housing and light industry is increasing demand. Some of the facts about the situation are (4) _____than
you might suppose. For example, London is actually (5) _____than Istanbul and the South East of
England has (6) _____available per person than the Suan and Syria. This is why everyone needs to try
(7) _____ to avoid wasting water supplies, especially hot water, because consumers are having to pay
(8)_____ prices for it. Easily (9) ______ solution is to change your bathroom habits! It's said that a typical
bath uses around (10) _____ hot water as a five-minute shower, and therefore uses (11) _____ energy to
heat the water. If you already do this, then remember that (12) _____ you stay under the shower, the
more water (and energy) you use. So try making your shower (13) _____. A (14) _____in the shower
could save as much as 11 liters of water, and it obviously makes (15) ______ to save water (16) _____to
waste it. This way everyone can make themselves (17) _____ by cutting energy bills. The less water we
use, the more money we save, it is (18) ____ that.
Rewrite sentences.
1. A country cannot be prosperous if it's not quite independent.
 Only _______________________________________________________
2. Although it rained continuously, we all enjoyed the excursion.
 In spite of ___________________________________________________
3. He's a faster and more careless driver than I am.
 He drives ___________________________________________________
4. It's common knowledge that shower are better for you than baths.
 Showers _____________________________________________________
5. Unless you water these plants every day, they will die.
 If ___________________________________________________________
PRATICE TEST 2
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. bought B. sought C. drought D. fought
2. A. oaths B. baths C. paths D. truths
3. A. wicked B. crooked C. doubled D. sacred
4. A. white B. whole C. whose D. whoop
Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
1. A. appliance B. emission C. hydrogen D. default
2. A. atmosphere B. damage C. vehicle D. alternative
3. A. immediate B. absorbent C. potential D. respiratory
4. A. remain B. connect C. dispose D. damage
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
1. Having _____ her heart on university, she'd be upset if she didn't get in.
A. laid B. set C. fixed D. positioned
2. He's very optimistic person with a very positive _____on life.
A. outlook B. position C. point of view D. stance
3. Do you know anywhere I can _____ a decent guidebook?
A. make up for B. take time over C. get hold of D. catch up with
4. He spends most of his spare time with his _____ stuck in a book.
A. eye B. face C. mind D. nose
5. He's a bit timid and hasn't yet _____ the courage to apply for the job.
A. put on B. caught up with C. plucked up D. carried through
6. It was not until he arrived in class _____ realized he had forgotten his book.
A. that he B. he C. and he D. when he
7. They eventually realize that reckless_____ of the earth's resources can lead
only to eventual global disaster.
A. exploit B. exploitable C. exploitation D. exploitative
8. If people and businesses don't go green, we will soon ___ our natural resources.
A. dispose B. deplete C. preserve D. replenish
9. I was absolutely _____with envy when I saw his splendid new car.
A. red B. white C. black D. green
10. If we change our consumption habits, we can reduce our _____
A. carbon footprint B. exhaust fumes C. renewable energy D. gases
Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in
the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
The Warrumbungle National Park
The Warrumbungle National Park is (0) steadily (STEADY) increasing in (1) _____ (POPULAR) with
visitors to Australia. Walking, camping and rock climbing are the favourite leisure-time (2) _____
(OCCUPY) in this area, but the landscape and wildlife, which are (3) _____ (EXTRAORDINARY) varied,
also attract (4) _____ (PHOTOGRAPH) and naturalists throughout the different seasons of the year.
Visitors share the park with hundreds of native animals, such as kangaroos and koalas.
 The wonderful (5) _____ (SCENE) in Warrumbungle National Park is the result
of (6) ____ (POWER) volcanic activity over a massive area. This produced the many (7) _____
(SPECTACLE) rock formations and numerous lakes visible today, and also the rich soil which enables the
abundant vegetation to grow and flourish.
Walking tracts in the park are nearly marked, and visitors are (8) _____ (COURAGE) to keep to these.
Many of the walks can be done by children and some are (9) _____ (SUIT) for pushchairs and
wheelchairs. A relative easy, but highly rewarding, walk is the five-kilometre trek up to Belougery Split
Rock, where visitors may be lucky enough to see eagles flying overhead. More (10) _____ (ENERGY)
walkers can try the more demanding 15 kilometre walk to Camp Pincham. The view there is unforgettable
but it will take even the fittest walker four or five hours to get there.
Identify one underlined part in each sentence that needs correcting.
1. Much as I like her paintings, I couldn't act as she was Picasso or someone like that when she clearly
was a beginner, though very good for a beginner, of course.
A. Much as B. as C. when D. though
2. For it was late, they stopped near a steam in order to rest the horses and so as not to get lost while
riding through the forest.
A. For B. in order to C. so as not to D. while
3. Although they reflect a strong social conscience, Arthur Miller's stage works are typical more
concerned with individuals than with systems.
A. Although B. stage works are C. typical D. concerned
4. Having finished his term paper before the deadline, it was delivered to the professor before the class.
A. finished B. before the C. it was delivered D. before
5. If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine.
A. not observe B. the C. they D. have to pay a fine
READING: CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLLUTION
A. Complete the text by writing a word or a phrase from the box in each space
acid/ biodiversity/ contaminated/ deforestation/ emissions/ environmental/
erosion/ exhaust/ drought/ fertilisers/ greenhouse/ waste/ ecosystems
The advances made by humans have made us the dominant species on our planet. However, several
eminent scientists are concerned that we have become too successful, that our way of life is putting an
unprecedented strain on the Earth's (1) _____ and threatening our future as a species. We are
confronting (2)_____ problems that are more taxing than ever before, some of them seemingly insoluble.
Many of the Earth's crises are chronic and inexorably linked. Pollution is an obvious example of this
affecting our air, water and soil.
The air is polluted by (3) _____ produced by cars and industry. Through (4) _____ rain and (5) _____
gases these same (6) _____ fumes can have a devastating impact on our climate. Climate change is
arguably the greatest environmental challenge facing our planet with increased storms, floods, (7) _____
and species losses predicted. This will inevitably have a negative impact on (8) _____and thus our
ecosystem.
The soil is (9) _____by factories and power stations which can leave heavy metals in the soil. Other
human activities such as the overdevelopment of land and the clearing of trees also take their toll on the
quality of our soil; (10) _____ has been shown to cause soil (11) _____. Certain farming practices can
also pollute the land through the use of chemical pesticides and (12) _____. This contamination in tum
affects our rivers and waterways and damages life there. The chemicals enter our food chain, moving
from fish to mammals to us. Our crops are also grown on land that is far from pristine.
Affected species include the polar bear, so not even the Artie is immune. Reducing (13) _____and
clearing up pollution costs money. Yet it is our quest for wealth that generates so much of the refuse.
There is an urgent need to find a way of life that is less damaging to the Earth. This is not easy, but it is
vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.
B. Match the words in bold with these synonyms.
1. unspoiled __________ 6. unaffected __________
2. crucial __________ 7. omnipresent __________
3. unparalleled __________ 8. unavoidably(x2) __________
4. extremely harmful __________ 9. persistent __________
5. insurmountable __________ 10. challenging __________
Read the text below and decide A, B, C or D best fits each space.
A hundred years ago, most people travelled on foot, by train or (l) _____ horseback. (2) _____ had made
it possible to travel rapidly over long distances. Bicycles were also becoming (3) _____, after the
invention of the air- filled (4) _____ which made cycling a lot more comfortable. Buses, trams and (5)
_____ railways had already been invented, and cities all over the world already had traffic (6) _____.
There were very few private cars, and city (7) _____were still full of horses. What a difference a hundred
years have (8) _____(9) _____ we have got (10) _____to the problem of private cars, and some cities are
so noisy and (11) _____ that in many places (12) _____ have been banned from the city centre. How will
we be travelling in a hundred years' time? Perhaps (13) _____ then there will be only personal
helicopters. There may be no need to (14) _____ to work or school in the future, since everyone
will have a computer at home. There might even be more people walking and horse-riding, for pleasure
and (15) _____.
1. A. by B. on C. with D. to
2. A. Tracks B. Lines C. Ways D. Railways
3. A. popular B. invented C. then D. handlebars
4. A. boot B. brake C. tyre D. engine
5. A. metro B. buried C. underground D. submerged
6. A. blocks B. sticks C. knots D. jams
7. A. streets B. pavements C. lawns D. carts
8. A. taken B. done C. made D. got
9. A. Presently B. Nowadays C. Then D. Later
10. A. more B. them C. motorists D. used
11. A. even B. polluted C. so D. poisoned
12. A. vehicles B. traffic C. transport D. trips
13. A. cars B. by C. even D. transport
14. A. have B. transport C. decide D. commute
15. A. exercise B. keep fit C. energy D. healthy
Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it contains the word in capital, and
so that the meaning stays the same.
1. The whole summer was sunny and warm, for a change. WHICH
 _____________________________________________________
2. He rushed out of the room. He was shouting at the top of his voice. This was typical. WHICH
 _____________________________________________________
3. I had to go past your house so I decided to drop in. PASSING
 _____________________________________________________
4. I felt happy about the improvement in Jean's condition. BETTER
 _____________________________________________________
5. Diana wasn't always as rude as that. BE
 _____________________________________________________