Unit 5

Unit 5
Applications
Pattern is everything around in this digital world. A pattern can either be seen
physically or it can be observed mathematically by applying algorithms.
Example: The colors on the clothes, speech pattern, etc. In computer science, a pattern
is represented using vector feature values.
What is Pattern Recognition?
Pattern recognition is the process of recognizing patterns by using a machine learning

algorithm. Pattern recognition can be defined as the classification of data based on
knowledge already gained or on statistical information extracted from patterns and/or
their representation. One of the important aspects of pattern recognition is its
application potential.
Examples: Speech recognition, speaker identification, multimedia document

recognition (MDR), automatic medical diagnosis.
In a typical pattern recognition application, the raw data is processed and converted
into a form that is willing for a machine to use. Pattern recognition involves the
classification and cluster of patterns.
In classification, an appropriate class label is assigned to a pattern based on an

abstraction that is generated using a set of training patterns or domain knowledge.
Classification is used in supervised learning.
Clustering generated a partition of the data which helps decision making, the specific
decision-making activity of interest to us. Clustering is used in unsupervised learning.
Advantages:
 Pattern recognition solves classification problems

 Pattern recognition solves the problem of fake biometric detection.
 It is useful for cloth pattern recognition for visually impaired blind people.
 It helps in speaker diarization.
 We can recognize particular objects from different angles.
Disadvantages:
 The syntactic pattern recognition approach is complex to implement and it is a

very slow process.
 Sometimes to get better accuracy, a larger dataset is required.
 It cannot explain why a particular object is recognized.
Example: my face vs my friend’s face.
Applications:
 Image processing, segmentation, and analysis- Pattern recognition is used to give

human recognition intelligence to machines that are required in image
processing.
 Computer vision - Pattern recognition is used to extract meaningful features from
given image/video samples and is used in computer vision for various
applications like biological and biomedical imaging.
 Seismic analysis - The pattern recognition approach is used for the discovery,
imaging, and interpretation of temporal patterns in seismic array recordings.
Statistical pattern recognition is implemented and used in different types of
seismic analysis models.
 Radar signal classification/analysis - Pattern recognition and signal processing
methods are used in various applications of radar signal classifications like AP
mine detection and identification.
 Speech recognition - The greatest success in speech recognition has been
obtained using pattern recognition paradigms. It is used in various algorithms of
speech recognition which tries to avoid the problems of using a phoneme level of
description and treats larger units such as words as pattern
 Fingerprint identification - Fingerprint recognition technology is a dominant
technology in the biometric market.
Training and Learning in Pattern Recognition
Learning is a phenomenon through which a system gets trained and becomes adaptable
to give results in an accurate manner. Learning is the most important phase as to how
well the system performs on the data provided to the system depends on which
algorithms are used on the data. The entire dataset is divided into two categories, one
which is used in training the model i.e. Training set, and the other that is used in testing
the model after training, i.e. Testing set.
 Training set: - The training set is used to build a model. It consists of the set of
images that are used to train the system. Training rules and algorithms are used to
give relevant information on how to associate input data with output decisions.
The system is trained by applying these algorithms to the dataset, all the relevant
information is extracted from the data, and results are obtained. Generally, 80%
of the data of the dataset is taken for training data.
 Testing set: - Testing data is used to test the system. It is the set of data that is
used to verify whether the system is producing the correct output after being
trained or not. Generally, 20% of the data of the dataset is used for testing.
Testing data is used to measure the accuracy of the system. For example, a
system that identifies which category a particular flower belongs to is able to
identify seven categories of flowers correctly out of ten and the rest of others
wrong, then the accuracy is 70 %

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Unit 5

What is Pattern Recognition?

Pattern recognition is the process of recognizing patterns by using a machine learning

Examples: Speech recognition, speaker identification, multimedia document

In classification, an appropriate class label is assigned to a pattern based on an

 Pattern recognition solves classification problems

 The syntactic pattern recognition approach is complex to implement and it is a

 Image processing, segmentation, and analysis- Pattern recognition is used to give

Training and Learning in Pattern Recognition

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