Thermodynamics

10
Thermodynamics P-169
Thermodynamics
Numerical
Q.1. Two plates A and B have thermal

conductivities 84 Wm−1 K−1 and 126 Wm−1 K−1 respectively.
They have same surface area and same thickness. They are
placed in contact along their surfaces. If the temperatures of
the outer surfaces of A and B are kept
at 100∘C and 0∘C respectively, then the temperature of the
surface of contact in steady state is _____________ ∘C.
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Evening Shift
Q.2. A water heater of power 2000 W is used to heat water. The
specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg−1 K−1. The
efficiency of heater is 70%. Time required to heat 2 kg of water
from 10∘C to 60∘C is _________ s.
(Assume that the specific heat capacity of water remains
constant over the temperature range of the water).
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Evening Shift
Q.3. A faulty thermometer reads 5∘C in melting ice and 95∘C in
stream. The correct temperature on absolute scale will be
__________ K when the faulty thermometer reads 41∘C.
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Evening Shift
Q.4. A body cools from 60∘C to 40∘C in 6 minutes. If,
temperature of surroundings is 10∘C. Then, after the next 6
minutes, its temperature will be ____________∘C.
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift
Q.5. A hole is drilled in a metal sheet. At 27∘C, the diameter of
hole is 5 cm. When the sheet is heated to 177∘C, the change in
the diameter of hole is d×10−3 cm. The value of d will be
__________ if coefficient of linear expansion of the metal
is 1.6×10−5/∘C.
Answer key & Explanation
1. Ans. Correct answer is 40

Explanation
Let's denote the temperature at the surface of contact as T. We
can find this temperature by considering the heat transfer
through each plate when the system reaches steady state. At
steady state, the rate of heat transfer through both plates A and
B is the same.
We can use the formula for heat transfer rate through a plate:
Explanation

Explanation
4.Ans. Correct answer is 28
Explanation

Explanation
MCQ (Single Correct Answer)
Q.1. A thermodynamic system is taken through cyclic process.

The total work done in the process is :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 15th April Morning Shift
Q.2. A flask contains Hydrogen and Argon in the ratio 2:1 by

mass. The temperature of the mixture is 30∘C. The ratio of
average kinetic energy per molecule of the two gases
( K argon/K hydrogen) is :
(Given: Atomic Weight of Ar=39.9 )
Q.3. The initial pressure and volume of an ideal gas are P0 and
V0. The final pressure of the gas when the gas is suddenly
compressed to volume V0/4 will be :
(Given y = ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and at

constant volume)
Q.4. The mean free path of molecules of a certain gas at STP

is 1500 d, where d is the diameter of the gas molecules. While
maintaining the standard pressure, the mean free path of the
molecules at 373 K is approximately:
Q.5. The rms speed of oxygen molecule in a vessel at particular

temperature is , where v is the average speed of the
molecule. The value of x will be:
Q.6. An engine operating between the boiling and freezing

points of water will have
A. efficiency more than 27%.
B. efficiency less than the efficiency of a Carnot engine

operating between the same two temperatures.
C. efficiency equal to 27%
D. efficiency less than 27%
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Q.7. A body cools from 80∘C to 60∘C in 5 minutes. The

temperature of the surrounding is 20∘C. The time it takes to
cool from 60∘C to 40∘C is:
Q.8. If the r. m.s speed of chlorine molecule is 490 m/s at 27∘C,

the r. m. s speed of argon molecules at the same temperature
will be (Atomic mass of argon =39.9u, molecular mass of
chlorine =70.9u )
Q.9. The Thermodynamic process, in which internal energy of
the system remains constant is
Q.10. The root mean square speed of molecules of nitrogen gas

at 27∘C is approximately : (Given mass of a nitrogen
molecule =4.6×10−26 kg and take Boltzmann
constant kB=1.4×10−23JK−1 )
Q.11. 1 kg of water at 100∘C is converted into steam

at 100∘C by boiling at atmospheric pressure. The volume of
water changes from 1.00×10−3 m3 as a liquid to 1.671 m3 as
steam. The change in internal energy of the system during the
process will be
(Given latent heat of vaporisaiton =2257 kJ/kg, Atmospheric

pressure =
Q.12. On a temperature scale 'X', the boiling point of water

is 65∘X and the freezing point is −15∘X. Assume that the X scale
is linear. The equivalent temperature corresponding to −95∘X on
the Farenheit scale would be:

Q.13. Three vessels of equal volume contain gases at the same
temperature and pressure. The first vessel contains neon
(monoatomic), the second contains chlorine (diatomic) and
third contains uranium hexafloride (polyatomic). Arrange these
on the basis of their root mean square speed and choose
the correct answer from the options given below:
Q.14. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles

of neon at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes, the
total internal energy of the system will be,
Q.15. A gas is compressed adiabatically, which one of the

following statement is NOT true.
Q.16. Consider two containers A and B containing monoatomic

gases at the same Pressure (P), Volume (V) and Temperature
(T). The gas in A is compressed isothermally to 18 of its original
volume while the gas in B is compressed adiabatically to 18 of
its original volume. The ratio of final pressure of gas in B to that
of gas in A is
Q.17. Match List I with List II :
List I List II
(A) 3 Translational degrees of freedom (I) Monoatomic

gases
(B) 3 Translational, 2 rotational degrees (II) Polyatomic

of freedoms gases
(C) 3 Translational, 2 rotational and 1 (III) Rigid diatomic

vibrational degrees of freedom gases
(D) 3 Translational, 3 rotational and more (IV) Nonrigid

than one vibrational degrees of diatomic gases
freedom

Q.18. The temperature at which the kinetic energy of oxygen

molecules becomes double than its value at 27∘C is
Q.19. Work done by a Carnot engine operating between

temperatures 127∘C and 27∘C is 2 kJ. The amount of heat
transferred to the engine by the reservoir is :
Q.20. Given below are two statements:
Statement I: If heat is added to a system, its temperature must

increase.
Statement II: If positive work is done by a system in a

thermodynamic process, its volume must increase.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer

from the options given below
Q.21. The temperature of an ideal gas is increased

from 200 K to 800 K. If r.m.s. speed of gas at 200 K is v0. Then,
r.m.s. speed of the gas at 800 K will be:
Q.22. A body cools in 7 minutes from 60∘C to 40∘C. The

temperature of the surrounding is 10∘C. The temperature of the
body after the next 7 minutes will be:
Q.23. The ratio of speed of sound in hydrogen gas to the speed

of sound in oxygen gas at the same temperature is:

Q.24. A source supplies heat to a system at the rate of 1000 W.
If the system performs work at a rate of 200 W. The rate at
which internal energy of the system increases is
Q.25. The number of air molecules per cm3 increased

from 3×1019 to 12×1019. The ratio of collision frequency of air
molecules before and after the increase in number respectively
is:
Q.26. A Carnot engine operating between two reservoirs has

efficiency 13. When the temperature of cold reservoir raised by
x, its efficiency decreases to 16. The value of x, if the
temperature of hot reservoir is 99∘C, will be :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Evening Shift
Q.27. For three low density gases A, B, C pressure versus

temperature graphs are plotted while keeping them at constant
volume, as shown in the figure.
The temperature corresponding to the point 'K' is :

Q.28. A sample of gas at temperature T is adiabatically
expanded to double its volume. The work done by the gas in the
process is (given,Y=3/2) :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Morning Shift

Q.29.
represents the equation of state of

some gases. Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the
temperature and a,b,R are the constants. The physical quantity,
which has dimensional formula as that of b2/a, will be:
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Morning Shift
Q.30. Heat energy of 735 J is given to a diatomic gas allowing

the gas to expand at constant pressure. Each gas molecule
rotates around an internal axis but do not oscillate. The
increase in the internal energy of the gas will be :
Q.31. A hypothetical gas expands adiabatically such that its

volume changes from 08 litres to 27 litres. If the ratio of final
pressure of the gas to initial pressure of the gas is 1681. Then
the ratio of Cp/Cv will be.
Q.32. The pressure of a gas changes linearly with volume

from A to B as shown in figure. If no heat is supplied to or
extracted from the gas then change in the internal energy of the
gas will be
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Morning Shift
Q.33. The correct relation between and temperature T is

:
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Morning Shift
Q.34. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as

Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: Efficiency of a reversible heat engine will be

highest at −273∘C temperature of cold reservoir.
Reason R: The efficiency of Carnot's engine depends not only

on the temperature of the cold reservoir but it depends on the
temperature of the hot reservoir too and is given as

Q.35. A flask contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio

of 2:1 by mass at temperature 27∘C. The ratio of average kinetic
energy per molecule of hydrogen and oxygen respectively is:
Q.36. The pressure (P) and temperature (T) relationship of an

ideal gas obeys the equation PT2= constant. The volume
expansion coefficient of the gas will be :
Q.37. Heat is given to an ideal gas in an isothermal process.
A. Internal energy of the gas will decrease.
B. Internal energy of the gas will increase.
C. Internal energy of the gas will not change.
D. The gas will do positive work.
E. The gas will do negative work.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Q.38. Heat energy of 184 kJ is given to ice of mass 600 g

at −12∘C. Specific heat of ice is 2222.3 J kg−1∘ C−1 and
latent heat of ice in 336 kJ/kg−1
A. Final temperature of system will be 0∘C.
B. Final temperature of the system will be greater than 0∘C.
C. The final system will have a mixture of ice and water in the
ratio of 5 : 1.
D. The final system will have a mixture of ice and water in the
ratio of 1 : 5.
E. The final system will have water only.

Q.39 At 300 K, the rms speed of oxygen molecules
is times to that of its average speed in the gas. Then, the

value of α will be
Q.40. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as

Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: If dQ and dW represent the heat supplied to the

system and the work done on the system respectively. Then
according to the first law of thermodynamics dQ=dU−dW.
Reason R: First law of thermodynamics is based on law of

conservation of energy.

from the options given below:
Q.41. Match List I with List II
List I List II
A. Isothermal I. Work done by the gas decreases

Process internal energy
B. Adiabatic II. No change in internal energy

Process
C. Isochoric III. The heat absorbed goes partly to

Process increase internal energy and partly to do
work
D. Isobaric IV. No work is done on or by the gas

Process

Q.42. The graph between two temperature scales P and Q is

shown in the figure. Between upper fixed point and lower fixed
point there are 150 equal divisions of scale P and 100 divisions
on scale Q. The relationship for conversion between the two
scales is given by :-
Q.43. According to law of equipartition of energy the molar

specific heat of a diatomic gas at constant volume where the
molecule has one additional vibrational mode is :-

Q.44. The root mean square velocity of molecules of gas is
Q.45. A Carnot engine with efficiency 50% takes heat from a

source at 600 K. In order to increase the efficiency to 70%,
keeping the temperature of sink same, the new temperature of
the source will be :
Q.46. A bowl filled with very hot soup cools from 98∘C to 86∘C
in 2 minutes when the room temperature is 22∘C. How long it
will take to cool from 75∘C to 69∘C?
Q.47. Let y1 be the ratio of molar specific heat at constant

pressure and molar specific heat at constant volume of a
monoatomic gas and y2 be the similar ratio of diatomic gas.
Considering the diatomic gas molecule as a rigid rotator, the
ratio, y1/y2 is :
Q.48. In an Isothermal change, the change in pressure and

volume of a gas can be represented for three different
temperature; T3>T2>T1 as :
Q.49. 1 g of a liquid is converted to vapour at 3 × 105 Pa

pressure. If 10% of the heat supplied is used for increasing the
volume by 1600 cm3 during this phase change, then the
increase in internal energy in the process will be :
Q.50. Given below are two statements :
Statement I : The temperature of a gas is −73∘C. When the gas

is heated to 527∘C, the root mean square speed of the
molecules is doubled.
Statement II : The product of pressure and volume of an ideal

gas will be equal to translational kinetic energy of the
molecules.

from the option given below :

Answer Key & Explanation
1. Ans. (C)
Explanation
2. Ans. (D)
Explanation
3. Ans. (D)
Explanation
4. Ans. (C)
Explanation
5. Ans. (C)
Explanation
6. Ans. (B)
Explanation
To answer this question, we need to find the efficiency of a

Carnot engine operating between the boiling and freezing
points of water. The boiling point of water is 100°C (373 K) and
the freezing point is 0°C (273 K). The efficiency of a Carnot
engine is given by the formula:
Efficiency =
Plugging in the values for the boiling and freezing points of

water:
Efficiency = 1−273/373=1−0.732=0.268
So, the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between these

temperatures is approximately 26.8%.
Now, let's analyze the given options: A. efficiency more than

27% - This is incorrect, as the Carnot efficiency is 26.8% and no
engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine.
B. efficiency less than the efficiency of a Carnot engine

operating between the same two temperatures - This is correct,
as real engines are less efficient than Carnot engines operating
between the same temperatures.
C. efficiency equal to 27% - This is incorrect, as the Carnot

efficiency is 26.8%, not 27%.
D. efficiency less than 27% - This is correct, as the efficiency is

less than 27% (26.8%).
Thus, the correct answer is "B and D only."

7. Ans. (A)
Explanation
We are given the rate of cooling is proportional to the

temperature difference between the body and the surroundings.
Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
8. Ans. (D)
Explanation
The rms speed of argon molecules at the same temperature as

the chlorine molecules is approximately 651.7 m/s.
9. Ans. (D)
Explanation
If the temperature (T) remains constant, the internal energy (U)
also remains constant, since the internal energy of an ideal gas
depends only on its temperature.
In this case, the thermodynamic process in which the internal

energy of the system remains constant is an isothermal
process. Isothermal processes occur at constant temperature,
and for an ideal gas, this means that the internal energy
remains constant as well.
10. Ans. (D)
Explanation
11. Ans. (A)

Explanation
To find the change in internal energy, we need to consider both

the heat added during the process and the work done during
the process.
First, let's calculate the heat added (Q) to convert 1 kg of water

at 100°C into steam at 100°C using the latent heat of
vaporization:
12. Ans. (A)
Explanation
We are given two temperature scales: the X-scale and the

Celsius scale. The relationship between two linear temperature
scales can be expressed as follows:
13. Ans. (B)
Explanation
The lighter the gas, the higher its root mean square speed.
Comparing the molar masses of the gases, we find that neon is
the lightest, followed by chlorine, and uranium hexafluoride is
the heaviest. Therefore, the root mean square speeds will be:
14. Ans. (D)
Explanation
The internal energy (U) of a gas depends on its degrees of

freedom (f).
For a monatomic gas like neon, the degrees of freedom are f =

3 (translational). For a diatomic gas like oxygen, the degrees of
freedom are f = 5 (3 translational + 2 rotational).
The internal energy for each component of the gas mixture can
be calculated using the formula:
where n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant,
and T is the temperature.
For the 4 moles of neon (monatomic):
Now, to find the total internal energy, we sum the internal

energies of the individual components:
Thus, the total internal energy of the system is 11RT
15. Ans. (C)
Explanation
An adiabatic process is one in which there is no heat exchange

between a system (in this case, the gas) and its surroundings.
This happens because the system is perfectly insulated or the
process occurs very quickly, not allowing for heat exchange.
Given the options:
Option A: There is no heat supplied to the system.

• This statement is TRUE. In an adiabatic process, there is
no heat exchange between the system and its
surroundings, as mentioned above.
Option B: The temperature of the gas increases.
• This statement is TRUE. When a gas is compressed

adiabatically, the work done on the gas increases its
internal energy, which in turn increases the temperature of
the gas.
Option C: There is no change in the internal energy.
• This statement is NOT TRUE. In an adiabatic process, the

change in internal energy of the system is equal to the
work done on the system. When the gas is compressed,
work is done on the gas, which increases its internal
energy.
Option D: The change in the internal energy is equal to the work

done on the gas.
• This statement is TRUE. As mentioned above, in an

adiabatic process, the change in internal energy of the
system is equal to the work done on the system.
So, Option C is the statement that is not true for an adiabatic

process.
16. Ans. (C)
Explanation
17. Ans. (A)
Explanation
Monoatomic gases possess only translational degrees of

freedom. So, option (I) matches with (A).
Polyatomic gases have translational and rotational degrees of

freedom. So, option (II) matches with (D).
Rigid diatomic gases have translational, rotational and

vibrational degrees of freedom. So, option (III) matches with
(B).
Non-rigid diatomic gases possess translational, rotational and

vibrational degrees of freedom. So, option (IV) matches with
(C).
18. Ans. (C)
Explanation
The kinetic energy of an ideal gas is given by the equation:
where (k) is Boltzmann's constant and (T) is the absolute

temperature in kelvins. Therefore, the kinetic energy of a gas is
directly proportional to its temperature.
If the kinetic energy doubles, the temperature must also double.

The original temperature is given as (27∘C), which is equal to
(300 K) in absolute terms. Therefore, the final temperature (Tf)
in kelvins is:
Converting this back to degrees Celsius gives:
19. Ans. (A)
Explanation
Here, the given temperatures are 127∘C and 27∘C. Converting
these to Kelvin gives:
The efficiency can also be defined as the work done divided by

the heat supplied:
20. Ans. (B)
Explanation
Statement I: If heat is added to a system, its temperature must

increase. This statement is not necessarily true. For example, in
a phase transition (like melting or boiling), heat can be added to
a system without increasing its temperature. The added heat
energy is used to break intermolecular bonds and change the
phase of the substance, not to increase the kinetic energy of
the particles (which would raise the temperature).
Statement II: If positive work is done by a system in a
thermodynamic process, its volume must increase. This
statement is generally true, as positive work being done by a
system often involves expansion against an external pressure,
thus increasing its volume.
21. Ans. (B)

Explanation
22. Ans. (B)
Explanation
Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a

body is directly proportional to the difference in the
temperatures between the body and its surroundings. The
average rate of cooling can be represented as:
where:
• T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the

body,
• t is the time it takes for the body to cool from T1 to T2,
• Ts is the temperature of the surroundings, and
• K is a constant of proportionality.
In the first 7 minutes, the body cools from 60∘C to 40∘C, and
the surrounding temperature is 10∘C. So, the first equation is:
In the next 7 minutes, the body cools from 40∘C to T∘C, with the
same surrounding temperature. So, the second equation is:
Solving equation (1) for K and substituting into equation (2) will
give the temperature T after the next 7 minutes:
23. Ans. (D)

Explanation
The speed of sound in a gas is given by the formula:
24. Ans. (D)
Explanation
The rate of increase of internal energy of a system can be

found using the first law of thermodynamics, which states that
the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat
added to the system minus the work done by the system.
In this case, the heat being supplied to the system is 1000 W
and the work being done by the system is 200 W.
Therefore, the rate at which the internal energy of the system

increases is:
1000 W (heat supplied) - 200 W (work done) = 800 W
So, the correct answer is 800 W.
25. Ans. (B)
Explanation
26. Ans. (B)
Explanation
27. Ans. (A)
28. Ans. (D)
Explanation
29. Ans. (D)
Explanation
30. Ans. (C)
Explanation
31. Ans. (B)
Explanation
32. Ans. (B)
Explanation
33. Ans. (D)
Explanation
34. Ans. (A)

35. Ans. (A)
Explanation
36. Ans. (D)
Explanation
37. Ans. (D)
Explanation
38. Ans. (D)
Explanation
39. Ans. (B)
Explanation
40. Ans. (B)

41. Ans. (C)
Explanation
42. Ans. (D)
Explanation
43. Ans. (D)
Explanation
44. Ans. (D)
Explanation
45. Ans. (B)
Explanation
46. Ans. (C)
Explanation
47. Ans. (B)
Explanation
48. Ans. (B)
Explanation
For isothermal process P-V graph is rectangular hyperbola
49. Ans. (B)

Explanation
50. Ans. (A)
Explanation
2022
Numerical
Q.1. When 600 mL of 0.2 M HNO3 is mixed with 400 mL of 0.1 M NaOH
solution in a flask, the rise in temperature of the flask is
___________ ×10−2∘C.
(Enthalpy of neutralisation =57 kJ mol−1 and Specific heat of

water=4.2JK−1 g−1) (Neglect heat capacity of flask)
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Morning Shift
Q.2. Among the following the number of state variables is __________.

Internal energy (U)
Volume (V)
Heat (q)
Enthalpy (H)
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Evening Shift
Q.3. A gas (Molar mass = 280 g mol−1) was burnt in excess O2 in a

constant volume calorimeter and during combustion the temperature of
calorimeter increased from 298.0 K to 298.45 K. If the heat capacity of
calorimeter is 2.5 kJ K−1 and enthalpy of combustion of gas
is 9 kJ mol−1 then amount of gas burnt is _____________ g. (Nearest Integer)
Q.4. The molar heat capacity for an ideal gas at constant pressure
is 20.785 J K−1 mol−1. The change in internal energy is 5000 J upon heating it
from 300 K to 500 K. The number of moles of the gas at constant volume is
____________. [Nearest integer] (Given: R=8.314 J K−1 mol−1)
Q.5. For the reaction

The enthalpy change for the above reaction is (−) __________ kJmol−1
[nearest integer]
Q.6. 2.4 g coal is burnt in a bomb calorimeter in excess of oxygen

at 298 K and 1 atm pressure. The temperature of the calorimeter rises
from 298 K to 300 K. The enthalpy change during the combustion of coal
is −X kJ mol−1. The value of X is ___________. (Nearest Integer)
(Given: Heat capacity of bomb calorimeter 20.0 kJ K−1. Assume coal to be

pure carbon)
Q.7. While performing a thermodynamics experiment, a student made the

following observations.
The enthalpy of ionization of CH3COOH as calculated by the student is

_____________ kJ mol−1. (nearest integer)
Q.8. 1.0 mol of monoatomic ideal gas is expanded from state 1 to state 2
as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the work done for the expansion
of gas from state 1 to state 2 at 300 K is ____________ J. (Nearest integer)
(Given : R = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1, ln10 = 2.3, log2 = 0.30)

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 30th June Morning Shift
Q.9. A box contains 0.90 g of liquid water in equilibrium with water vapour
at 27∘C. The equilibrium vapour pressure of water at 27∘C is 32.0 Torr.
When the volume of the box is increased, some of the liquid water
evaporates to maintain the equilibrium pressure. If all the liquid water
evaporates, then the volume of the box must be __________ litre. [nearest
integer]
(Given : R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol−1)
(Ignore the volume of the liquid water and assume water vapours behave
as an ideal gas.)
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th June Evening Shift
Q.10. 2.2 g of nitrous oxide (N2O) gas is cooled at a constant pressure of

1 atm from 310 K to 270 K causing the compression of the gas from 217.1
mL to 167.75 mL. The change in internal energy of the process, ΔU is '−x' J.
The value of 'x' is ________. [nearest integer]
(Given: atomic mass of N = 14 g mol −1 and of O = 16 g mol−1. Molar heat

capacity of N2O is 100 J K−1 mol−1)
Q.11. 17.0 g of NH3 completely vapourises at −33.42∘C and 1 bar pressure

and the enthalpy change in the process is 23.4 kJ mol−1. The enthalpy
change for the vapourisation of 85 g of NH3 under the same conditions is
_________ kJ.
Q.12. For combustion of one mole of magnesium in an open container at
300 K and 1 bar pressure, ΔCHΘ = −601.70 kJ mol−1, the magnitude of
change in internal energy for the reaction is __________ kJ. (Nearest integer)
(Given : R = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1)
Q.13. 4.0 L of an ideal gas is allowed to expand isothermally into vacuum

until the total volume is 2.0 L. The amount of heat absorbed in this
expansion is ____________ L atm.
Q.14. When 5 moles of He gas expand isothermally and reversibly at 300

K from 10 litre to 20 litre, the magnitude of the maximum work obtained is
__________ J. [nearest integer] (Given : R = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1 and log 2 =
0.3010)
Q.15. A fish swimming in water body when taken out from the water body
is covered with a film of water of weight 36 g. When it is subjected to
cooking at 100∘C, then the internal energy for vaporization in kJ mol −1 is
___________. [nearest integer]
[Assume steam to be an ideal gas. Given ΔvapHΘ for water at 373 K and 1
bar is 41.1 kJ mol−1 ; R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1]
Q.16. For complete combustion of methanol

CH3OH(I) + 3/2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(I)
the amount of heat produced as measured by bomb calorimeter is 726 kJ

mol−1 at 27∘C. The enthalpy of combustion for the reaction is −x kJ mol−1,
where x is ___________. (Nearest integer)
(Given : R = 8.3 JK−1 mol−1)

Q.17. 2.0 g of H2 gas is adsorbed on 2.5 g of platinum powder at 300 K
and 1 bar pressure. The volume of the gas adsorbed per gram of the
adsorbent is __________ mL.
(Given : R = 0.083 L bar K−1 mol−1)
Q.18. The standard entropy change for the reaction

4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) is −550 J K−1 at 298 K.
[Given : The standard enthalpy change for the reaction is −165 kJ mol−1].
The temperature in K at which the reaction attains equilibrium is
_____________. (Nearest Integer)
Q.19. The standard free energy change (ΔG∘) for 50% dissociation of
N2O4 into NO2 at 27∘C and 1 atm pressure is − x J mol−1. The value of x is
___________. (Nearest Integer)
[Given : R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1, log 1.33 = 0.1239 ln 10 = 2.3]

Explanation
HNO3
600 mL × 0.2 M = 120 m mol
NaOH
400 mL × 0.1 M = 40 m mol
Heat liberated from reaction

Explanation
State variables are internal energy (U), Volume (V) and Enthalpy (H).

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation
We know, 760 Torr = 1 atm
∴ 32 Torr = 32/760 atm

As all the liquid water evaporates so entire water is in gaseous state.
∴ Weight of water vapour = 0.9 g
∴ Moles of water vapour (n) = 0.918
Pressure (P) = 32760 atm
Temperature (T) = (27 + 273) K = 300 K
R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol−1
Given water vapour act as an ideal gas, so we can apply ideal gas equation.
From ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
⇒32760×v=0.918×0.082×300
⇒v=29 L

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation
Explanation
Q.1. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: The reduction of a metal oxide is easier if the metal formed is

in liquid state than solid state.
Reason R : The value of ΔGΘ becomes more on negative side as entropy is

higher in liquid state than solid state.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer
Q.2. Which of the following relation is not correct?

Q.3. Match List-I with List-II.
Q.4. At 25∘C and 1 atm pressure, the enthalpy of combustion of benzene

(I) and acetylene (g) are − 3268 kJ mol−1 and −1300 kJ mol−1, respectively.
The change in enthalpy for the reaction 3 C2H2(g) → C6H6 (I), is
Q.5. At 25∘C and 1 atm pressure, the enthalpies of combustion are as

given below :
The enthalpy of formation of ethane is

1. Ans. (A)
Explanation
Reduction of a metal oxide is easier if the metal is formed in a liquid state
at the temperature of reduction because the entropy is higher if the metal is
in a liquid state.
2. Ans. (A)
Explanation
3. Ans. (B)
Explanation
4. Ans. (C)
Explanation
5. Ans. (C)
Explanation
2021
Numerical
Q.1 The average translational kinetic energy of N2 gas molecules at .............∘C
becomes equal to the K.E. of an electron accelerated from rest through a potential
difference of 0.1 volt. (Given kB = 1.38 × 10−23 J/K) (Fill the nearest integer).
1st Sep Evening Shift 2021
Q.2 The temperature of 3.00 mol of an ideal diatomic gas is increased by 40.0∘∘C
without changing the pressure of the gas. The molecules in the gas rotate but do not
oscillate. If the ratio of change in internal energy of the gas to the amount of work
𝑥
done by the gas is Then the value of x (round off to the nearest integer) is
10
___________. (Given R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1)
1st Sep Evening Shift 2021
Q.3 A sample of gas with γ = 1.5 is taken through an adiabatic process in which the
volume is compressed from 1200 cm3 to 300 cm3. If the initial pressure is 200 kPa.
The absolute value of the workdone by the gas in the process = _____________ J.
31st Aug Evening Shift 2021
Q.4 A heat engine operates between a cold reservoir at temperature T2 = 400 K and
a hot reservoir at temperature T1. It takes 300 J of heat from the hot reservoir and
delivers 240 J of heat to the cold reservoir in a cycle. The minimum temperature of
the hot reservoir has to be ______________ K.
27th Aug Evening Shift 2021
Q.5 A rod CD of thermal resistance 10.0 KW−1 is joined at the middle of an identical
rod AB as shown in figure. The end A, B and D are maintained at 200∘C, 100∘C and
125∘C respectively. The heat current in CD is P watt. The value of P is .................
27th Aug Morning Shift 2021
Q.6 A system consists of two types of gas molecules A and B having same number
density 2 × 1025/m3. The diameter of A and B are 10 Ao and 5 Ao respectively. They
suffer collision at room temperature. The ratio of average distance covered by the
molecule A to that of B between two successive collision is ____________ × 10−2
25th July Evening Shift 2021
Q.7 In 5 minutes, a body cools from 75∘C to 65∘C at room temperature of 25∘C. The
temperature of body at the end of next 5 minutes is _________∘C.
Q.8 One mole of an ideal gas at 27∘ is taken from A to B as shown in the given PV
indicator diagram. The work done by the system will be _________ × 10−1 J. [Given: R =
8.3 J/mole K, ln2 = 0.6931] (Round off to the nearest integer)

Q.9 In the reported figure, heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a
cyclic process is ___________ πJ.
20th July Morning Shift 2021
Q.10 Two separate wires A and B are stretched by 2 mm and 4 mm respectively,

when they are subjected to a force of 2 N. Assume that both the wires are made up
of same material and the radius of wire B is 4 times that of the radius of wire A. The
length of the wires A and B are in the ratio of a : b. Then a/b can be expressed as 1/x
where x is _________.
18th Mar Morning Shift 2021
Q.11 For an ideal heat engine, the temperature of the source is 127∘C. In order to
have 60% efficiency the temperature of the sink should be ___________∘C. (Round off
to the Nearest Integer)
16th Mar Evening Shift 2021
Q.12 The volume V of a given mass of monoatomic gas changes with temperature T
according to the relation V= The workdone when temperature changes by 90K
will be xR. The value of x is _________. [R = universal gas constant]
26th Feb Evening Shift 2021
𝑄
Q.13 1 mole of rigid diatomic gas performs a work of hen heat Q is supplied to it.
5
𝑥𝑅
The molar heat capacity of the gas during this transformation is The value of x is
8
_________. [R = universal gas constant]
Q.14 A container is divided into two chambers by a partition. The volume of first
chamber is 4.5 litre and second chamber is 5.5 litre. The first chamber contain 3.0
moles of gas at pressure 2.0 atm and second chamber contain 4.0 moles of gas at
pressure 3.0 atm. After the partition is removed and the mixture attains equilibrium,
then, the common equilibrium pressure existing in the mixture is x × 10−1 atm. Value
of x is ________.
26th Feb Morning Shift 2021
Q.15 A reversible heat engine converts one-fourth of the heat input into work. When
the temperature of the sink is reduced by 52K, its efficiency is doubled. The
temperature in Kelvin of the source will be __________.
Q.16 In a certain thermodynamical process, the pressure of a gas depends on its

volume as kV3. The work done when the temperature changes from 100∘C to 300∘C
will be ___________ nR, where n denotes number of moles of a gas.
Q.17 A monoatomic gas of mass 4.0 u is kept in an insulated container. Container is

moving with velocity 30 m/s. If container is suddenly stopped then change in
𝑥
temperature of the gas (R = gas constant) is Value of x is ___________.
3𝑅
Q.18 The root mean square speed of molecules of a given mass of a gas at 27∘C and 1
atmosphere pressure is 200 ms−1. The root mean square speed of molecules of the
gas at 127∘C and 2 atmosphere pressure is ms−1. The value of x will be _________.
Numerical Answer Key
1. Ans. (500) 10. Ans. (32)

2. Ans. (25) 11. Ans. (-113)
3. Ans. (480) 12. Ans. (60)
4. Ans. (500) 13. Ans. (25)
5. Ans. (2) 14. Ans. (25)
6. Ans. (25) 15. Ans. (208)
7. Ans. (57) 16. Ans. (50)
8. Ans. (17258) 17. Ans. (3600)
9. Ans. (100) 18. Ans. (400)
Numerical Explanation
Ans 1.
Substituting the values in the Eq. (i), we get
Ans 2. Given, the number of diatomic moles, n = 3 mol

The increase in temperature of the diatomic mole,
The ratio of the change in internal energy to the work done by the gas,
Ans 3.
Ans 4.
Ans 5.
Rods are identical so

Ans 6.
Ans 7.
Ans 8. Process of isothermal
Ans 9. Consider the given diagram,

We know that for a complete cyclic process, change in internal energy, (ΔΔU) = 0 ....
(i)
According to 1st law of thermodynamics,
Ans 10.
Ans 12. We know that work done is
Assuming 1 mole of gas
n=1
So, W = 60R
Ans 13. From thermodynamics law:
Ans 14. By energy conservation

Ans 15.
When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 52K then its efficiency is doubled.
Ans 16.
Ans 17.
Ans 18.
As we know that,
Q.1 A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen has volume 500 cm3, temperature 300 K,
pressure 400 kPa and mass 0.76 g. The ratio of masses of oxygen to hydrogen will be
:-
Q.2 Two thin metallic spherical shells of radii r1 and r2 (r1 > r2) are placed with their
centres coinciding. A material of thermal conductivity K is filled in the space
between the shells. The inner shell is maintained at temperature θθ1 and the outer
shell at temperature θθ2(θθ1 < θθ2). The rate at which heat flows radially through
the material is :-
Q.3 For an ideal gas the instantaneous change in pressure 'p' with volume 'v' is
𝑑𝑝
given by the equation = - ap. If p = p0 at v =0 is the given boundary condition, then
𝑑𝑣
the maximum temperature one mole of gas can attain is : (Here R is the gas
constant)
31st Aug Morning Shift 2021
1
Q.4 A reversible engine has an efficiency of If the temperature of the sink is
4
reduced by 58∘C, its efficiency becomes double. Calculate the temperature of the
sink:
31st Aug Morning Shift 2021
Q.5 The height of victoria falls is 63 m. What is the difference in temperature of

water at the top and at the bottom of fall?

Q.6 if the rms speed of oxygen molecules at 0∘C is 160 m/s, find the rms speed of
hydrogen molecules at 0∘C.
Q.7 An ideal gas is expanding such that PT3 = constant. The coefficient of volume
expansion of the gas is :
Q.8 A balloon carries a total load of 185 kg at normal pressure and temperature of
27∘C. What load will the balloon carry on rising to a height at which the barometric
pressure is 45 cm of Hg and the temperature is −7∘C. Assuming the volume
constant?
Q.9 A refrigerator consumes an average 35W power to operate between

temperature −10∘C to 25∘C. If there is no loss of energy then how much average heat
per second does it transfer?
Q.10 A cylindrical container of volume 4.0 × 10−3 m3 contains one mole of hydrogen
and two moles of carbon dioxide. Assume the temperature of the mixture is 400 K.
The pressure of the mixture of gases is:
Q.11 The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids x, y and z are 10∘C,
20∘C and 30∘C respectively. The temperature of mixture when x is mixed with y is
16∘C and that when y is mixed with z is 26∘C. The temperature of mixture when x
and z are mixed will be :
Q.12 The rms speeds of the molecules of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide at
the same temperature are VH, VO and VC respectively then :
Q.13 An electric appliance supplies 6000 J/min heat to the system. If the system
delivers a power of 90W. How long it would take to increase the internal energy by
2.5 × 103 J?
Q.14 Two Carnot engines A and B operate in series such that engine A absorbs heat
at T1 and rejects heat to a sink at temperature T. Engine B absorbs half of the heat
rejected by Engine A and rejects heat to the sink at T3. When workdone in both the
cases is equal, to value of T is:
Q.15 One mole of an ideal gas is taken through an adiabatic process where the
temperature rises from 27∘ C to 37∘ C. If the ideal gas is composed of polyatomic
molecule that has 4 vibrational modes, which of the following is true? [R = 8.314 J
mol−1 k−1]
Q.16 A body takes 4 min. to cool from 61∘ C to 59∘ C. If the temperature of the
surroundings is 30∘ C, the time taken by the body to cool from 51∘∘ C to 49∘ C is :
Q.17 In the reported figure, there is a cyclic process ABCDA on a sample of 1 mol of
a diatomic gas. The temperature of the gas during the process A →→ B and C →→ D
are T1 and T2 (T1 > T2) respectively.
Choose the correct option out of the following for work done if processes BC and DA
are adiabatic.

Q.18 The number of molecules in one litre of an ideal gas at 300 K and 2
atmospheric pressure with mean kinetic energy 2 × 10−9 J per molecules is :
Q.19 Two spherical soap bubbles of radii r1 and r2 in vacuum combine under
isothermal conditions. The resulting bubble has a radius equal to:
1
Q.20 A heat engine has an efficiency of When the temperature of sink is reduced
6
by 62∘C, its efficiency get doubled. The temperature of the source is :
Q.21 Two different metal bodies A and B of equal mass are heated at a uniform rate
under similar conditions. The variation of temperature of the bodies is graphically
represented as shown in the figure. The ratio of specific heat capacities is :
Q.22 A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1 is enclosed in a cylinder

fitted with a frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically to a
temperature T2 by releasing the piston suddenly. If l1 and l2 are the lengths of the
𝑇1
gas column, before and after the expansion respectively, then the value of will be :
𝑇2
Q.23 For a gas CP − CV = R in a state P and CP − CV = 1.10 R in a state Q, TP and TQ are

the temperatures in two different states P and Q respectively. Then
Q.24 What will be the average value of energy for a monoatomic gas in thermal
equilibrium at temperature T?
Q.25 The correct relation between the degrees of freedom f and the ratio of specific
heat γ is :
Q.26 Which of the following graphs represent the behavior of an ideal gas? Symbols
have their usual meaning.
Q.27 The entropy of any system is given by

Q.28 The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 4 moles of rigid
diatomic gas from 0∘ C to 50∘∘ C when no work is done is ___________. (R is the
universal gas constant).
Q.29 Consider a mixture of gas molecule of types A, B and C having masses mA <
mB < mC. The ratio of their root mean square speeds at normal temperature and
pressure is
Q.30 An ideal gas in a cylinder is separated by a piston in such a way that the
entropy of one part is S1 and that of the other part is S2. Given that S1 > S2. If the
piston is removed then the total entropy of the system will be:
Q.31 For an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the fractional change in its pressure
is equal to (where γγ is the ratio of specific heats) :
Q.32 Consider a sample of oxygen behaving like an ideal gas. At 300 K, the ratio of
root mean square (rms) velocity to the average velocity of gas molecule would be :
Q.33 What will be the average value of energy along one degree of freedom for an
ideal gas in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T? (kB is Boltzmann constant)
Q.34 The P-V diagram of a diatomic ideal gas system going under cyclic process as
shown in figure. The work done during an adiabatic process CD is (use γ = 1.4) :
Q.35 Which one is the correct option for the two different thermodynamic
processes?
Q.36 If one mole of the polyatomic gas is having two vibrational modes and ββ is the
ratio of molar specific heats for polyatomic gas then the value of β is :

Q.37 A Carnot's engine working between 400 K and 800 K has a work output of
1200 J per cycle. The amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from the source
in each cycle is :
Q.38 Two identical metal wires of thermal conductivities K1 and K2 respectively are
connected in series. The effective thermal conductivity of the combination is :
Q.39 Two ideal polyatomic gases at temperatures T1 and T2 are mixed so that there
is no loss of energy. If F1 and F2, m1 and m2, n1 and n2 be the degrees of freedom,
masses, number of molecules of the first and second gas respectively, the
temperature of mixture of these two gases is :
Q.40 A polyatomic ideal gas has 24 vibrational modes. What is the value of γ?
Q.41 A bimetallic strip consists of metals A and B. It is mounted rigidly as shown.

The metal A has higher coefficient of expansion compared to that of metal B. When
the bimetallic strip is placed in a cold bath, it will :
Q.42 Calculate the value of mean free path (λ) for oxygen molecules at temperature
27∘C and pressure 1.01 × 105 Pa. Assume the molecular diameter 0.3 nm and the gas
is ideal.
(k = 1.38 × 10−23 JK−1)
Q.43 The volume V of an enclosure contains a mixture of three gases, 16 g of oxygen,

28 g of nitrogen and 44 g of carbon dioxide at absolute temperature T. Consider R as
universal gas constant. The pressure of the mixture of gases is :

Q.44 In thermodynamics, heat and work are :
Q.45 The internal energy (U), pressure (P) and volume (V) of an ideal gas are
related as U = 3PV + 4. The gas is :
Q.46 The temperature θ at the junction of two insulating sheets, having thermal
resistances R1 and R2 as well as top and bottom temperatures θ1 and θ2 (as shown in
figure) is given by :
Q.47 Thermodynamic process is shown below on a P-V diagram for one mole of an
ideal gas. If V2 = 2V1 then the ratio of temperature T2/T1 is :
Q.48 Given below are two statements :

Statement I : In a diatomic molecule, the rotational energy at a given temperature
obeys Maxwell's distribution.
Statement II : In a diatomic molecule, the rotational energy at a given temperature
equals the translational kinetic energy for each molecule.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :
Q.49
Q.50 Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is
labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: When a rod lying freely is heated, no thermal stress is developed in it.
Reason R: On heating, the length of the rod increases.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
Q.51 If one mole of an ideal gas at (P1, V1) is allowed to expand reversibly and
isothermally (A to B) its pressure is reduced to one-half of the original pressure (see
figure). This is followed by a constant volume cooling till its pressure is reduced to
one-fourth of the initial value (B → C). Then it is restored to its initial state by a
reversible adiabatic compression (C to A). The net workdone by the gas is equal to :
25th Feb Everning Shift 2021
Q.51 Each side of a box made of metal sheet in cubic shape is 'a' at room
temperature 'T', the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal sheet is 'αα'. The
metal sheet is heated uniformly, by a small temperature ΔT, so that its new
temperature is T + ΔT. Calculate the increase in the volume of the metal box.
Q.52 n mole of a perfect gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCA (see figure) consisting
of the following processes.
A → B: Isothermal expansion at temperature T so that the volume is doubled from
V1 to V2 = 2V1 and pressure charges from P1 to P2
B → C: Isobaric compression at pressure P2 to initial volume V1.
C → A: Isochoric change leading to change of pressure from P2 to P1.
Total workdone in the complete cycle ABCA is:
Q.53 Match List I with List II.

MCQ Answer Key
1. Ans. (C) 10. Ans. (a) 19. Ans. (C) 28. Ans. (a)
2. Ans. (a) 11. Ans. (C) 20. Ans. (D) 29. Ans. (C)
3. Ans. (a) 12. Ans. (a) 21. Ans. (B) 30. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (a) 14. Ans. (D) 23. Ans. (D) 32. Ans. (a)
6. Ans. (a) 15. Ans. (B) 24. Ans. (a) 33. Ans. (a)
7. Ans. (C) 16. Ans. (D) 25. Ans. (a) 34. Ans. (a)
8. Ans. (D) 17. Ans. (B) 26. Ans. (C) 35. Ans. (B)
9. Ans. (a) 18. Ans. (C) 27. Ans. (D) 36. Ans. (D)
41. Ans. (B) 42. Ans. (D) 43. Ans. (D) 44. Ans. (C)
45. Ans. (a) 46. Ans. (a) 47. Ans. (C) 48. Ans. (C)
49. Ans. (C) 50. Ans. (C) 51. Ans. (B) 52. Ans. (a)
53. Ans. (C)
MCQ Explanation
Ans 1.
n = n1 + n2
Ans 2.
Thermal resistance of spherical sheet of thickness dr and radius r is

Ans 3.
For temperature maximum p-v product should be maximum

Ans 4. T2 = sink temperature
Ans 5. Change in P.E. = Heat energy
Ans 6.
Ans 7.
Ans 8.
Ans 9.
Ans 10.
n = 3 moles
n = 3 moles
Ans 11.
when x and y are mixed, Tf1 = 16∘C

m1s1T + m2s2T2 = (m1s1 + m2s2)Tf1
s1 ×× 10 + s2 ×× 20 = (s1 + s2) ×× 16
when x and z are mixed
Ans 12.
Ans 13.
Ans 14.
Now, WA = WB
Ans 15. Since, each vibrational mode, corresponds to two degrees of freedom,
hence, f = 3 (trans.) + 3 (rot.) + 4 × 2 (vib.) = 14
As W < 0. work is done on the gas.
Ans 16.
Tt = average temp.
T = surrounding temp.
Divide (1) & (2)
Ans 17.
Ans 18.
= N = 1.5 × 1011
Ans 19.
no. of moles is conserved

n1 + n2 = n3
P1V1 + P2V2 = P3V
Ans 20.
Ans 21.
Ans 22.
PVr = const.
TVr − 1 = const.
Ans 23. CP − CV = R for ideal gas and gas behaves as ideal gas at high temperature, so
TP > TQ
Ans 24.
Ans 25.
Ans 26. PV = nRT

PV ∝ T
Straight line with positive slope (nR)
Ans 27. Since, entropy of the system is given by
∵ Dimensions of Q = [ML2T−2]
Dimension of T = [K]
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we can write,

Ans 28. According to first law of thermodynamics,
ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW ..... (i)
where, ΔQ = quantity of heat energy supplied to the system, ΔU = change in the
internal energy of a closed system and ΔW = work done by the system on its
surroundings.
As per question, no work is done
∴ ΔW = 0 ..... (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
ΔQ = 0 + ΔU ⇒⇒ ΔQ = ΔU
or ΔQ = ΔU = nCVΔT
where,
5𝑅
CV = specific heat capacity at constant volume for diatomic gas =
2
ΔT = change in temperature = (50 − 0) = 50°C

n = number of moles = 4
⇒ ΔQ = nCVΔT
Ans. 29 rms velocity of gas molecules is given as
where, m = molar mass of the gas in kilograms per mole,

R = molar gas constant,
and T = temperature in kelvin.
According to question,
mA < m B < mC
From Eq. (i),
Ans 30.
Ans 31. for adiabatic expansion :

PVγ = const.
⇒ ln P + γln v = const.
⇒ differentiating both sides;
Ans 32.
1
Ans 33. Energy associated with each digress of freedom is kBT
2
Ans 34. Adiabatic process is from C to D
Ans 35. Isothermal process means constant temperature which is only possible in
graph (c) & (d) for adiabatic process
pvγ = constant ........... (1)
∵ PV = nRT
P1 − γ Tγ = constant ......... (3)
Ans 36. Degree of freedom of polyatomic gas

f=T+R+V
f=3+3+2=8
Ans 37.
Ans 38.
Ans 39. Initial internal energy = Final internal energy
Ans 40. f = 3T + 3R + 24V

= 30
Nearest Ans. = 1.03

Ans 41.
Given, αA>αB
So, A will contract more than B, so it will bend towards left.
Ans 42.
Ans 43.
Total no. of moles in container : n = n1 + n2 + n3
Now; PV = nRT
Ans 44. Heat and work are path function.

Heat and work depends on the path taken to reach the final state from initial state.
Ans 45.
U = 3PV + 4
Since degree of freedom is more than 6 therefore gas is polyatomic.

Ans 46. Temperature at the junction is θ.
so using the formula
Ans 47. From P-V diagram,

Given PV1/2 = constant ...... (1)
We know that
PV = nRT
Put in equation (1)

Ans 48. The translational kinetic energy & rotational kinetic energy both obey
Maxwell's distribution independent of each other.
So statement I is true but statement II is false.

Ans 49.
Ans 50. When a rod is free and it is heated then there is no thermal stress produced
in it.
The rod will expand due to increase in temperature.
So both A & R are true.
Ans 51. Let pi, pf, Vi and Vf be the initial and final pressure and volume.
Given, AB is isothermal (ΔT = 0),
BC is isochoric (ΔV = 0) and CA is adiabatic (ΔQ = 0)
where, Vi and Vf are volume at A and B, respectively.
Since, at constant volume, work done is zero.
Since, WCA is an adiabatic work done, i.e

Ans 52. We know that, γ = 3α .... (i)
where, αα is the coefficient of linear expansion and γ is the coefficient of volume
expansion.
We know that,
Ans 53.
A → B = isothermal process
B → C = isobaric process
C → A = isochoric process
also, V2 = 2V1
work done by gas in the complete cycle ABCA is –

⇒ w = wAB + wBC + wCA .....(1)
⇒ wCA = 0, as isochoric process
⇒ Now put the value of wAB, wBC and wCA in equation, we get
⇒ w = 2nRT ln(2) − nRT + 0
1 1T2 + P2V2T1
PV 1 1 + P2V2 )
T1T2 ( PV
TOPIC 1 First Law of Thermodynamics (c)
1 1 + P2V2
PV (d)
1 1T1 + P2V2T2
PV
5. When a system is taken from state i to state f along the
1. A gas can be taken from A to B via two different processes
path iaf, it is found that Q =50 cal and W = 20 cal. Along the
ACB and ADB.
path ibf Q = 36 cal. W along the path ibf is [2007]
a f
i b
(a) 14 cal (b) 6 cal (c) 16 cal (d) 66 cal
6. A system goes from A to B via two processes I and II as
shown in figure. If DU1 and DU2 are the changes in internal
When path ACB is used 60 J of heat flows into the system energies in the processes I and II respectively, then [2005]
and 30J of work is done by the system. If path ADB is p II
used work done by the system is 10 J. The heat Flow into
the system in path ADB is : [9 Jan. 2019 I] A B
(a) 40 J (b) 80 J (c) 100 J (d) 20 J I
2. 200g water is heated from 40°C to 60°C. Ignoring the slight
expansion of water, the change in its internal energy is v
close to (Given specific heat of water = 4184 J/kgK): (a) relation between DU1 and DU 2 can not be determined
[Online April 9, 2016]
(a) 167.4 kJ (b) 8.4 kJ (c) 4.2 kJ (d) 16.7 kJ (b) DU1 = DU 2
3. A gas is compressed from a volume of 2m3 to a volume of (c) DU 2 < DU1
1m3 at a constant pressure of 100 N/m2. Then it is heated at (d) DU 2 > DU1
constant volume by supplying 150 J of energy. As a result,
7. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the first law
the internal energy of the gas: [Online April 19, 2014]
of thermodynamics? [2005]
(a) increases by 250 J (b) decreases by 250 J
(a) It is a restatement of the principle of conservation of
(c) increases by 50 J (d) decreases by 50 J energy
4. An insulated container of gas has two chambers separated (b) It is not applicable to any cyclic process
by an insulating partition. One of the chambers has volume (c) It does not introduces the concept of the entropy
V1 and contains ideal gas at pressure P1 and temperature
(d) It introduces the concept of the internal energy
T1. The other chamber has volume V2 and contains
ideal gas at pressure P2 and temperature T2. If the partition
Specific Heat Capacity and
is removed without doing any work on the gas, the TOPIC 2
final equilibrium temperature of the gas in the container
Thermodynamical Processes
will be [2008] 8. Three different processes that can occur in an ideal
monoatomic gas are shown in the P vs V diagram. The
1 1 + P2V2 )
T1T2 ( PV 1 1T1 + P2V2T2
PV
(a) (b) paths are lebelled as A ® B, A ® C and A ® D. The change
1 1 2 + P2V2T1
PV T 1 1 + P2V2
PV
P-170 Physics
in internal energies during these process are taken as EAB,

EAC and EAD and the workdone as WAB, WAC and WAD.
The correct relation between these parameters are :
[5 Sep. 2020 (I)]
D T1>T2
C
P
B (a) (b)
A T1
T2
V
(a) EAB = EAC < EAD, WAB > 0, WAC = 0, WAD < 0
(b) EAB = EAC = EAD, WAB > 0, WAC = 0, WAD > 0 (c) (d)
(c) EAB < EAC < EAD, WAB > 0, WAC > WAD
(d) EAB > EAC > EAD, WAB < WAC < WAD
9. In an adiabatic process, the density of a diatomic gas
becomes 32 times its initial value. The final pressure of the
gas is found to be n times the initial pressure. The value of
n is : [5 Sep. 2020 (II)] 14. Starting at temperature 300 K, one mole of an ideal diatomic
1 gas (g = 1.4) is first compressed adiabatically from volume
(a) 32 (b) 326 (c) 128 (d)
32 V1
V1 to V2 = . It is then allowed to expand isobarically to
10. Match the thermodynamic processes taking place in a 16
system with the correct conditions. In the table : DQ is the volume 2V2. If all the processes are the quasi-static then
heat supplied, DW is the work done and DU is change in the final temperature of the gas (in °K) is (to the nearest
internal energy of the system. [4 Sep. 2020 (II)] integer) ______. [9 Jan. 2020 II]
Process Condition
15. A thermodynamic cycle xyzx is shown on a V-T diagram.
(I) Adiabatic (A) DW = 0
(II) Isothermal (B) DQ = 0
(III) Isochoric (C) DU ¹ 0, DW ¹ 0,
DQ ¹ 0
(IV) Isobaric (D) DU = 0
(a) (I)-(A), (II)-(B), (III)-(D), (IV)-(D)
(b) (I)-(B), (II)-(A), (III)-(D), (IV)-(C) The P-V diagram that best describes this cycle is:
(c) (I)-(A), (II)-(A), (III)-(B), (IV)-(C) (Diagrams are schematic and not to scale)
(d) (I)-(B), (II)-(D), (III)-(A), (IV)-(C) [8 Jan. 2020 I]
11. A balloon filled with helium (32°C and 1.7 atm.) bursts.
Immediately afterwards the expansion of helium can be
considered as : [3 Sep. 2020 (I)]
(a) irreversible isothermal (b) irreversible adiabatic (a) (b)
(c) reversible adiabatic (d) reversible isotherm7al
12. An engine takes in 5 mole of air at 20°C and 1 atm, and
compresses it adiabaticaly to 1/10th of the original
volume. Assuming air to be a diatomic ideal gas made up
of rigid molecules, the change in its internal energy during
this process comes out to be X kJ. The value of X to the (c) (d)
nearest integer is ________. [NA 2 Sep. 2020 (I)]
13. Which of the following is an equivalent cyclic process
16. A litre of dry air at STP expands adiabatically to a volume
corresponding to the thermodynamic cyclic given in the
of 3 litres. If g = 1.40, the work done by air is:
figure?
(31.4 = 4.6555) [Take air to be an ideal gas]
where, 1 ® 2 is adiabatic.
(Graphs are schematic and are not to scale) [9 Jan. 2020 I] [7 Jan. 2020 I]
(a) 60.7 J (b) 90.5 J (c) 100.8 J (d) 48 J
17. Under an adiabatic process, the volume of an ideal gas gets (a) DQA < DQB, DUA < DUB
doubled. Consequently the mean collision time between
(b) DQA > DQB, DUA > DUB
Cp
the gas molecule changes from t1 to t2. If = g for this (c) DQA > DQB, DUA = DUB
Cv
(d) DQA = DQB; DUA = DUB
t2
gas then a good estimate for t is given by: 23. A thermally insulted vessel contains 150 g of water at 0°C.
1
Then the air from the vessel is pumped out adiabatically. A
[7 Jan. 2020 I] fraction of water turns into ice and the rest evaporates at
g +1
g 0°C itself. The mass of evaporated water will be closed to:
1 æ 1ö æ 1ö 2
(a) 2 (b) (c) çè ÷ø (d) çè ÷ø (Latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.10 × 106 J kg–1 and
2 2 2 Latent heat of Fusion of water = 3.36 × 10 5 J kg–1)
18. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process [8 April 2019 I]
abca as shown in the figure. The change in the internal (a) 150 g (b) 20 g (c) 130 g (d) 35 g
energy of the gas along the path ca is – 180 J, The gas 24. The given diagram shows four processes i.e., isochoric,
absorbs 250 J of heat along the path ab and 60 J along the isobaric, isothermal and adiabatic. The correct assignment
path bc. The work down by the gas along the path abc is: of the processes, in the same order is given by :
[12 Apr. 2019 I] [8 Apr. 2019 II]
(a) 120 J (b) 130 J (c) 100 J (d) 140 J

19. A cylinder with fixed capacity of 67.2 lit contains helium (a) a d b c (b) d a c b (c) a d c b (d) d a b c
gas at STP. The amount of heat needed to raise the 25. For the given cyclic process CAB as shown for gas, the
temperature of the gas by 20oC is : [Given that R = 8.31 J work done is: [12 Jan. 2019 I]
mol – 1 K – 1] [10 Apr. 2019 I] 6.0 C
A
(a) 350 J (b) 374 J (c) 748 J (d) 700 J
5
20. n moles of an ideal gas with constant volume heat capacity
CV undergo an isobaric expansion by certain volume. The 4
ratio of the work done in the process, to the heat supplied
p(Pa) 3
is: [10 Apr. 2019 I]
nR nR 2
(a) (b) C - nR
CV + nR V 1 B
4nR 4nR
(c) (d) C + nR 1 2 3 4 5
CV - nR V V(m3)
(a) 30 J (b) 10 J (c) 1 J (d) 5 J
21. One mole of an ideal gas passes through a process where
26. A rigid diatomic ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process
é 1 æ V ö2 ù at room temperature. The relation between temperature and
pressure and volume obey the relation P = P0 ê1 - ç 0 ÷ ú . volume for this process is TVx = constant, then x is:
êë 2 è V ø úû
[11 Jan. 2019 I]
Here Po and Vo are constants. Calculate the charge in the 3 2 2 5
temperature of the gas if its volume changes from Vo to 2Vo. (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 3 3
[10 Apr. 2019 II] 27. Half mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at constant
1 Po Vo 5 Po Vo 3 Po Vo 1 Po Vo pressure of 1 atm from 20°C to 90°C. Work done by gas is
(a) (b) (c) (d) close to: (Gas constant R = 8.31 J/mol-K) [10 Jan. 2019 II]
2 R 4 R 4 R 4 R
22. Following figure shows two processes A and B for a gas. (a) 581 J (b) 291 J (c) 146 J (d) 73 J
If DQA and DQB are the amount of heat absorbed by the 28. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken along the
system in two cases, and DUA and DUB are changes in path ABCA as shown in the PV diagram. The maximum
internal energies, respectively, then: [9 April 2019 I] temperature attained by the gas along the path BC is given
by [Online April 16, 2018]
P-172 Physics
P V
B
c
3P0
b
P0 A C
V d
V0 2V0 a
T
(a) 25 P0 V0 (b) 25 P0 V0 (c) 25 P0 V0 (d) 5 P0V0 The corresponding P - V diagram for the process is (all
8 R 4 R 16 R 8 R figures are schematic and not drawn to scale) :
29. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is compressed
isothermally in a rigid vessel to double its pressure at room
temperature, 27°C. The work done on the gas will be: P P
[Online April 15, 2018] d c a b
(a) 300R ln 6 (b) 300R (a) (b)
(c) 300R ln 7 (d) 300R ln 2 a b d c
30. 'n' moles of an ideal gas undergoes a process A ® B as
shown in the figure. The maximum temperature of the gas V V
during the process will be : [2016]
P P
P d c a b
A
2P0 (c) a b (d) d c
P0 B V V
35. One mole of a diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process
V0 2V0 V ABC as shown in figure. The process BC is adiabatic. The
temperatures at A, B and C are 400 K, 800 K and 600 K
9P0 V0 9P0 V0 9P0 V0 3P0 V0
(a) (b) (c) (d) respectively. Choose the correct statement:
2nR nR 4nR 2nR
[2014]
31. The ratio of work done by an ideal monoatomic gas to the
heat supplied to it in an isobaric process is :
[Online April 9, 2016] B
2 3 3 2 800 K
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 2 5 3
32. Consider an ideal gas confined in an isolated closed P
chamber. As the gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion,
the average time of collision between molecules increases 600 k
as Vq, where V is the volume of the gas. The value of q A C
400 K
æ Cp ö
is : ç g = ÷ [2015]
è Cv ø V
g +1 g -1 3g + 5 3g - 5 (a) The change in internal energy in whole cyclic process
(a) (b) (c) (d) is 250 R.
2 2 6 6
33. Consider a spherical shell of radius R at temperature T. The (b) The change in internal energy in the process CA is 700 R.
black body radiation inside it can be considered as an ideal
(c) The change in internal energy in the process AB is -
gas of photons with internal energy per unit volume u =
350 R.
U 1æUö
µ T 4 and pressure p = ç ÷ . If the shell now (d) The change in internal energy in the process BC is –
V 3è V ø
undergoes an adiabatic expansion the relation between T 500 R.
and R is : [2015] 36. An ideal monoatomic gas is confined in a cylinder by a spring
loaded piston of cross section 8.0 × 10–3 m2. Initially the gas
1 1
(a) T µ (b) Tµ (c) T µ e–R (d) T µ e–3R is at 300 K and occupies a volume of 2.4 × 10–3 m3 and the
R R3 spring is in its relaxed state as shown in figure. The gas is
34. An ideal gas goes through a reversible cycle a®b®c®d heated by a small heater until the piston moves out slowly
has the V - T diagram shown below. Process d®a and by 0.1 m. The force constant of the spring is 8000 N/m and
b®c are adiabatic.
the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 N/m2. The cylinder and
the piston are thermally insulated. The piston and the spring 41. Helium gas goes through a cycle ABCDA (consisting of
are massless and there is no friction between the piston and two isochoric and isobaric lines) as shown in figure. The
the cylinder. The final temperature of the gas will be: efficiency of this cycle is nearly : (Assume the gas to be
close to ideal gas) [2012]
(Neglect the heat loss through the lead wires of the heater.
B C
The heat capacity of the heater coil is also negligible). (a) 15.4 % 2P0
(b) 9.1 %
P0 D
A
(c) 10.5%
(d) 12.5 % V0 2V0
42. An ideal monatomic gas with pressure P, volume V and
temperature T is expanded isothermally to a volume 2V
and a final pressure Pi. If the same gas is expanded
adiabatically to a volume 2V, the final pressure is Pa. The
(a) 300 K (b) 800 K (c) 500 K (d) 1000 K P
ratio a is [Online May 26, 2012]
37. During an adiabatic compression, 830 J of work is done on Pi
2 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to reduce its volume by (a) 2–1/3 (b) 21/3 (c) 22/3 (d) 2–2/3
50%. The change in its temperature is nearly: 43. The pressure of an ideal gas varies with volume as P = aV,
(R = 8.3 JK–1 mol–1) [Online April 11, 2014] where a is a constant. One mole of the gas is allowed to
(a) 40 K (b) 33 K (c) 20 K (d) 14 K undergo expansion such that its volume becomes ‘m’ times
38. The equation of state for a gas is given by PV = nRT + aV, its initial volume. The work done by the gas in the process
where n is the number of moles and a is a positive constant. is [Online May 19, 2012]
The initial temperature and pressure of one mole of the gas
contained in a cylinder are To and Po respectively. The
work done by the gas when its temperature doubles
(a)
aV 2
2
(
m -1 ) (b)
a 2V 2 2
2
m -1 ( )
( ) aV 2 2
( )
isobarically will be: [Online April 9, 2014] a 2
(c) m -1 (d) m -1
Po To R Po To R 2 2
(a) (b) 44. n moles of an ideal gas undergo a process A ® B as shown
Po - a Po + a
in the figure. Maximum temperature of the gas during the
(c) PoToRIn 2 (d) PoToR process is [Online May 12, 2012]
39. A certain amount of gas is taken through a cyclic process
(A B C D A) that has two isobars, one isochore and one A
isothermal. The cycle can be represented on a P-V indicator 2P0
diagram as : [Online April 22, 2013]
P0 B
B C B
P P C
P V0 2V
0
(a) (b) D
V
A D A
9P0V0 3P0V0 9 P0V0 9 P0V0
V V (a) (b) (c) (d)
nR 2 nR 2 nR 4 nR
B C
45. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the four
P B choices given after the Statements, choose the one that
P C
best describes the two Statements.
(c) (d) Statement 1: In an adiabatic process, change in internal
A D
A D energy of a gas is equal to work done on/by the gas in the
V process.
V
Statement 2: The temperature of a gas remains constant
40. An ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is adiabatically
compressed so that its density becomes 32 times of its in an adiabatic process. [Online May 7, 2012]
initial value. If the final pressure of gas is 128 atmospheres, (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is a
the value of ‘g’of the gas is : correct explanation of Statement 1.
[Online April 22, 2013] (b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(a) 1.5 (b) 1.4 (c) 1.3 (d) 1.6
P-174 Physics
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. 53. If minimum possible work is done by a refrigerator in
(d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is converting 100 grams of water at 0°C to ice, how much heat
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. (in calories) is released to the surroundings at temperature
46. A container with insulating walls is divided into equal parts 27°C (Latent heat of ice = 80 Cal/gram) to the nearest integer?
by a partition fitted with a valve. One part is filled [NA 3 Sep. 2020 (II)]
with an ideal gas at a pressure P and temperature T, whereas 54. A heat engine is involved with exchange of heat of 1915 J,
the other part is completly evacuated. If the valve is – 40 J, +125 J and – Q J, during one cycle achieving an
suddenly opened, the pressure and temperature of the gas efficiency of 50.0%. The value of Q is :
will be : [2011 RS] [2 Sep. 2020 (II)]
(a) 640 J (b) 40 J (c) 980 J (d) 400 J
P T T P 1
(a) , (b) P, T (c) P, (d) ,T 55. A Carnot engine having an efficiency of is being used
2 2 2 2 10
Directions for questions 47 to 49: Questions are based on as a refrigerator. If the work done on the refrigerator is 10
the following paragraph. J, the amount of heat absorbed from the reservoir at lower
Two moles of helium gas are taken over the cycle ABCDA, as temperature is: [8 Jan. 2020 II]
shown in the P-T diagram. [2009] (a) 99 J (b) 100 J (c) 1 J (d) 90 J
5 A B 56. A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs of
2 × 10 temperatures 900 K and 300 K. The engine performs 1200 J
of work per cycle. The heat energy (in J) delivered by the
P (Pa)
engine to the low temperature reservoir, in a cycle, is
1 × 10
5
C
_______. [NA 7 Jan. 2020 I]
D
T 57. Two ideal Carnot engines operate in cascade (all heat
300K 500K
given up by one engine is used by the other engine to
47. Assuming the gas to be ideal the work done on the gas in produce work) between temperatures, T1 and T2. The
taking it from A to B is temperature of the hot reservoir of the first engine is T1
(a) 300 R (b) 400 R (c) 500 R (d) 200 R and the temperature of the cold reservoir of the second
48. The work done on the gas in taking it from D to A is engine is T2. T is temperature of the sink of first engine
(a) + 414 R (b) – 690 R (c) + 690 R (d) – 414 R which is also the source for the second engine. How is
49. The net work done on the gas in the cycle ABCDA is T related to T1 and T2, if both the engines perform equal
amount of work ? [7 Jan. 2020 II]
(a) 279 R (b) 1076 R (c) 1904 R (d) zero
2T1T2 T1 + T2
50. The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress one (a) T = T + T (b) T =
kilo mole of gas adiabatically and in this process the 1 2 2
temperature of the gas increases by 7°C. The gas is [2006] (c) T = T1T2 (d) T = 0
(R = 8.3 J mol–1 K–1)
58. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 1/6. When the
(a) diatomic
temperature of the sink is reduced by 62oC, its efficiency
(b) triatomic
is doubled. The temperatures of the source and the sink
(c) a mixture of monoatomic and diatomic
are, respectively. [12 Apr. 2019 II]
(d) monoatomic
51. Which of the following parameters does not characterize (a) 62 C, 124 C
o o
(b) 99 C, 37oC
o
the thermodynamic state of matter? [2003] (c) 124 C, 62 C

o o
(d) 37oC, 99oC
(a) Temperature (b) Pressure 59. Three Carnot engines operate in series between a heat
source at a temperature T1 and a heat sink at temperature
(c) Work (d) Volume T4 (see figure). There are two other reservoirs at temperature
T2 and T3, as shown, with T1 > T2 > T3 > T(4) The three
Carnot Engine, Refrigerators engines are equally efficient if: [10 Jan. 2019 I]
TOPIC 3 and Second Law of
Thermodynamics
52. An engine operates by taking a monatomic ideal gas through
the cycle shown in the figure. The percentage efficiency of
the engine is close is ______. [NA 6 Sep. 2020 (II)]
3 PO B C
2 PO
PO
A D
VO 2VO
( ) (ii) Sequentially keeping in contact with 8 reservoirs such

1/3
(a) T2 = ( T1 T4 )
1/2
; T3 = T12 T4
that each reservoir supplies same amount of heat.
= (T T ) ; T = (T T )
1/3 1/3
(b) T2 2
1 4 3
2
1 4
In both the cases body is brought from initial temperature
100°C to final temperature 200°C. Entropy change of the
= (T T ) ; T = (T T )
1/3 1/3
2 2
(c) T2 1 4 3 1 4 body in the two cases respectively is :
(a) ln2, 2ln2 (b) 2ln2, 8ln2
= ( T T ) ; T = (T T )
1/4 1/4
3 3
(d) T2 1 4 3 1 4
(c) ln2, 4ln2 (d) ln2, ln2
60. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The
66. A Carnot engine absorbs 1000 J of heat energy from a
first one, A receives heat at T1 (= 600 K) and rejects to a
reservoir at 127°C and rejects 600 J of heat energy during
reservoir at temperature T2. The second engine B receives each cycle. The efficiency of engine and temperature of
heat rejected by the first engine and in turn, rejects to a sink will be: [Online April 12, 2014]
heat reservoir at T3 (= 400 K). Calculate the temperature (a) 20% and – 43°C (b) 40% and – 33°C
T2 if the work outputs of the two engines are equal: (c) 50% and – 20°C (d) 70% and – 10°C
[9 Jan. 2019 II]
(a) 600 K (b) 400 K (c) 300 K (d) 500 K 67. p
61. A Carnot's engine works as a refrigerator between 250 K A B
2p0
and 300 K. It receives 500 cal heat from the reservoir at the
lower temperature.The amount of work done in each cycle
p0
to operate the refrigerator is: [Online April 15, 2018] D C
(a) 420 J (b) 2100 J (c) 772 J (d) 2520 J
62. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. Engine v0 2v0 v
A receives heat from a reservoir at 600K and rejects heat to
The above p-v diagramrepresents the thermodynamic cycle
a reservoir at temperature T. Engine B receives heat rejected
of an engine, operating with an ideal monatomic gas. The
by engine A and in turn rejects it to a reservoir at 100K. If
amount of heat, extracted from the source in a single cycle
the efficiencies of the two engines A and B are represented
is [2013]
h
by hA and hB respectively, then what is the value of A
hB æ 13 ö
(a) p 0 v 0 (b) ç ÷ p0 v0
[Online April 15, 2018] è2ø
12 12 5 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) æ 11 ö
7 5 12 12 (c) ç ÷ p0 v0 (d) 4p0v0
è2ø
63. An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas
through the cycle ABCDA shown in figure. The thermal 68. A Carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40%, takes in heat
efficiency of the engine is : (Take Cv =1.5 R, where R is gas from a source maintained at a temperature of 500K. It is
constant) [Online April 8, 2017] desired to have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, the
B C intake temperature for the same exhaust (sink) temperature
(a) 0.24 2P0 must be : [2012]
(a) efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be made larger than 50%
P
(b) 0.15 P0 (b) 1200 K
D
A
(c) 750 K
(c) 0.32
V0 2V0 (d) 600 K
V 69. The door of a working refrigerator is left open in a
(d) 0.08
well insulated room. The temperature of air in the room
64. A Carnot freezer takes heat from water at 0°C inside it and will [Online May 26, 2012]
rejects it to the room at a temperature of 27°C. The latent (a) decrease
heat of ice is 336 × 103 J kg–1. If 5 kg of water at 0°C is (b) increase in winters and decrease in summers
converted into ice at 0°C by the freezer, then the energy (c) remain the same
consumed by the freezer is close to : (d) increase
[Online April 10, 2016] 70. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the four
(a) 1.51 × 105 J (b) 1.68 × 106 J choices given after the Statements, choose the one that
(c) 1.71 × 107 J (d) 1.67 × 105 J best describes the two Statements.
65. A solid body of constant heat capacity 1 J/°C is being heated Statement 1: An inventor claims to have constructed an
by keeping it in contact with reservoirs in two ways : [2015] engine that has an efficiency of 30% when operated
(i) Sequentially keeping in contact with 2 reservoirs such between the boiling and freezing points of water. This is
that each reservoir supplies same amount of heat. not possible.
P-176 Physics
Statement 2: The efficiency of a real engine is always 1 1 2 1

less than the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 3 3
between the same two temperatures.
75. Which of the following statements is correct for any
[Online May 19, 2012]
thermodynamic system ? [2004]
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(a) The change in entropy can never be zero
not the correct explanation of Statement 1.
(b) Internal energy and entropy are state functions
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(c) The internal energy changes in all processes
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
(d) The work done in an adiabatic process is always zero.
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
76. “Heat cannot by itself flow from a body at lower temperature
the correct explanation of Statement 1.
to a body at higher temperature” is a statement or
71. A Carnot engine operating between temperatures T1 and T2
consequence of [2003]
1
has efficiency . When T2 is lowered by 62 K its efficiency (a) second law of thermodynamics
6
(b) conservation of momentum
1 (c) conservation of mass
increases to . Then T1 and T2 are, respectively: [2011]
3 (d) first law of thermodynamics
(a) 372 K and 310 K (b) 330 K and 268 K
77. A Carnot engine takes 3 × 106 cal of heat from a reservoir at
(c) 310 K and 248 K (d) 372 K and 310 K 627°C, and gives it to a sink at 27°C. The work done by the
72. A diatomic ideal gas is used in a Carnot engine as the engine is [2003]
working substance. If during the adiabatic expansion part
(a) 4.2 × 106 J (b) 8.4 × 106 J
of the cycle the volume of the gas increases from V to 32
(c) 16.8 × 106 J (d) zero
V, the efficiency of the engine is [2010]
78. Which statement is incorrect? [2002]
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.99 (d) 0.25
(a) All reversible cycles have same efficiency
73. A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of h = 1/10 as heat (b) Reversible cycle has more efficiency than an
engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the irreversible one
system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the (c) Carnot cycle is a reversible one
reservoir at lower temperature is [2007]
(d) Carnot cycle has the maximum efficiency in all cycles
(a) 100 J (b) 99 J (c) 90 J (d) 1 J
79. Even Carnot engine cannot give 100% efficiency because
74. The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine we cannot [2002]
cycle is given in the figure. Its efficiency is [2005]
(a) prevent radiation
T (b) find ideal sources
(c) reach absolute zero temperature
2T0 (d) eliminate friction
T0
S
S0 2S0
5. (b) For path iaf,

1. (a)
Q1 = 50 cal, W1 = 20 cal
By first law of thermodynamics, a f
DU = Q1 – W1 = 50 – 20 = 30 cal.
For path ibf
Q2 = 36 cal i b
W2 = ?
DU remains same for both paths ACB and ADB DUibf = Q2 – W2
DQACB = DWACB + DUACB Since, the change in internal energy does not depend on the
Þ 60 J = 30 J + DUACB path, therefore DUiaf = DUibf
Þ UACB = 30 J DUiaf = DUibf
\ DUADB = DUACB = 30 J Þ 30 = Q2 – W2
DQADB = DUADB + DWADB Þ W2 = 36 – 30 = 6 cal.
= 10 J + 30 J = 40 J 6. (b) Change in internal energy is independent of path taken
2. (d) Volume of water does not change, no work is done on by the process. It only depends on initial and final states i.e.,
or by the system (W = 0) DU1 = DU2
According to first law of thermodynamics 7. (b, c) First law is applicable to a cyclic process. Concept of
Q < ΧU ∗ W entropy is introduced by the second law of thermodynamics.
8. (b) Temperature change DT is same for all three processes
For Isochoric process Q < ΧU
A ® B; A ® C and A ® D
DU = mcdT = 2 × 4184 × 20 = 16.7 kJ.
3. (a) As we know, DU = nCv DT = same
DQ = D u + D w (Ist law of thermodynamics) E AB = E AC = E AD
Work done, W = P ´ DV
Þ DQ = D u + P D v
AB ® volume is increasing Þ WAB > 0
or 150 = Du + 100 (1 - 2 )
AD ® volume is decreasing Þ WAD < 0
= Du - 100
AC ® volume is constant Þ WAC = 0
\ Du = 150 + 100 = 250J 9. (c) In adiabatic process
Thus the internal energy of the gas increases by 250 J
PV g = constant
4. (a) Here Q = 0 and W = 0. Therefore from first law of
g
thermodynamics DU = Q + W = 0 æ mö æ mö
Internal energy of first vessle + Internal energy of second \ P ç ÷ = constant çèQ V = r ø÷
è rø
vessel = Internal energy of combined vessel
As mass is constant
n1Cv T1 + n2 Cv T2 = (n1 + n2 )Cv T
\ P µ rg
n1T1 + n2 T2 If Pi and Pf be the initial and final pressure of the gas and
\T =
n1 + n2
ri and r f be the initial and final density of the gas. Then
PV
1 1 and for second vessle g
For first vessel n1 = Pf ærf ö
RT1 = ç ÷ = (32)7 / 5
PV Pi è ri ø
n2 = 2 2
RT2 nP
Þ i = (25 )7 /5 = 27
PV
1 1 ´ T + P2V2 ´ T Pi
1 2
RT1 RT2 Þ n = 27 = 128.
\T=
PV
1 1 + P2V2 10. (d)
RT1 RT2 (I) Adiabatic process : No exchange of heat takes
place with surroundings.
1 1 + P2V2 )
T1T2 ( PV
= Þ DQ = 0
1 1 2 + P2V2T1
PV T
(II) Isothermal process : Temperature remains constant
P-178 Physics
f 14. (1818) For an adiabatic process,

\ DT = 0 Þ DU = nR DT Þ DU = 0 TVg–1 = constant
2
No change in internal energy [DU = 0]. \ T1V1g –1 = T2V2g –1
(III) Isochoric process volume remains constant 1.4 -1
æ ö
çV ÷
DV = 0 Þ W = ò P × dV = 0 Þ T2 = (300) ´ ç 1 ÷
Hence work done is zero. çç V1 ÷÷
è 16 ø
(IV) In isobaric process pressure remains constant.
Þ T2=300×(16) 0.4
W = P × DV ¹ 0 Ideal gas equation, PV = nRT
f f nRT
DU = nR DT = [ P DV ] ¹ 0 \ V=
2 2 P
Þ V = kT (since pressure is constant for isobaric
\ DQ = nC p DT ¹ 0 process)
11. (b) Bursting of helium balloon is irreversible and in this So, during isobaric process
V2 = kT2 ...(i)
process DQ = 0 , so adiabatic.
2V2 = kTf ...(ii)
12. (46)
Dividing (i) by (ii)
For adiabatic process, TV g -1 = constant 1 T2
=
or, T1V1g -1 = T2V2g -1 2 Tf
V1 7 Tf = 2T2 = 300 × 2 × (16)0.4 =1818 K

T1 = 20°C + 273 = 293 K , V2 = and g = 15. (a) From the corresponding V-T graph given in question,
10 5
g -1
Process xy ® Isobaric expansion,
æV ö Process yz ® Isochoric (Pressure decreases)
T1 (V1 ) g -1 = T2 ç 1 ÷
è 10 ø Process zx ® Isothermal compression
Therefore, corresponding PV graph is as shown in figure
2/5
æ 1ö
Þ 293 = T2 ç ÷ Þ T2 = 293(10) 2/ 5 ; 736 K
è 10 ø
DT = 736 - 293 = 443 K
During the process, change in internal energy
5
DU = NCV DT = 5 ´ ´ 8.3 ´ 443 ; 46 ´ 103 J = X kJ 16. (b) Given, V1 = 1 litre, P1 = 1 atm
2
V2 = 3 litre, g = 1.40,
\ X = 46 .
g g
Using, PVr = constant Þ PV
1 1 = P2V2
13. (c) For process 3 ® 1 volume is constant
\ Graph given in option (d) is wrong. 1.4
æ1ö 1
And process 1 ® 2 is adiabatic \ graph in option (1) is Þ P2 = P1 ´ ç ÷ = atm
è 3ø 4.6555
wrong
PV – P V
Q v = constant \ Work done, W = 1 1 2 2
P , T g –1
For Process 2 ® 3 Pressure constant i.e., P = constant æ 1 ö
\ V¯T¯ ç1´1 – ´ 3 ÷1.01325 ´ 105 ´ 10 –3
è 4.6555 ø
Hence graph (c) is the correct V – T graph of given = = 90.1 J
0.4
P – V graph
Closest value of W = 90.5 J
V 17. (Bonus) We know that Relaxation time,
2
V
Tµ ...(i)
3 T
1
Equation of adiabatic process is
TVg–1 = constant
T 1
Þ T µ g-1
V
g –1 24. (d) a ® Isobasic, b ® Isothermal, c ® Adiabatic,

Þ T µ V 1+ 2 using (i) d ® Isochoric
25. (b) Total work done by the gas during the cycle is equal
1+g to area of triangle ABC.
Þ T µV 2 1
\ DW = ´ 4 ´ 5 = 10 J
2
1+g
Tf 1+g 26. (b) Equation of adiabatic change is
æ 2V ö 2
TVg-1 = constant
Þ =ç ÷ = (2) 2
Ti è V ø 7
7
Put g = , we get: g - 1 = - 1
18. (b) DUac = – (DUca) = – (– 180) = 180 J 5 5
2
Q = 250 + 60 = 310 J \x =
Now Q = DU + W 5
27. (b) Work done,
or 310 = 180 + W
1
or W = 130 J W = PDV = nRDT = ´ 8.31´ 70 ; 291J
2
19. (c) As the process is isochoric so, 28. (a) Equation of the BC
67.2 3R 2P
Q = nc v DT = ´ ´ 20 = 90R = 90 ´ 8.31 ; 748 j. P = P0 - 0 (V - 2V0 )
22.4 2 V0
20. (a) At constant volume using PV = nRT
Work done (W) = nRDT 2P V 2
P0 V - 0 + 4P0 V
Heat given Q = CvDT + nRDT V0
Temperature, T =
W nRDT nR
1´ R
So, \ = = (Q n = 1 mole given)
Q Cv DT + nRDT C V + nR
21. (b) We have given, P é 2V 2 ù
T = 0 ê5V - ú
F ëê V0 ûú
é 1 æ V ö2 ù
P = P0 ê1 - ç 0 ÷ ú dT 4V 5
êë 2 è V ø úû =0Þ5- = 0 Þ V = V0
dV V0 4
When V1 = V0 P é 5V 2 25 2 ù 25 P0 V0
T = 0 ê5 ´ 0 - ´ V0 ú =
é 1 ù P0 Rë 4 V0 16 û 8 R
Þ P1 = P0 ê1 - ú =
ë 2û 2 æ pf ö
When V2 = 2V0 29. (d) Work done on gas = nRT ln çç ÷÷ = R(300) ln(2)
è p1 ø
é 1 æ 1 ö ù æ 7 P0 ö æ Pf ö
Þ P2 = P0 ê1 - ç ÷ ú = ç ÷ = 300 Rln2 ççQ = 2 given ÷÷
ë 2 è 4 øû è 8 ø
è pi ø
PV P V é PV ù 30. (c) The equation for the line is
DT = T2 - T1 = 1 1 - 2 2 êQ T = P
nR nR ë nR úû
3Po
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ P0V0 7 P0V0 ö
DT = ç 1 1 - P2V2 ) = ç
÷ ( PV ÷ç -
è nR ø è nR ø è 2 4 ÷ø c
2Po q
5P V 5P V Po
= 0 0 = 0 0 (Q n = 1) q
4 nR 4R Po
Vo
22. (c) Internal energy depends only on initial and final state V
So, DUA = DUB Vo 2Vo
Also DQ = DU + W - P0 -P0
As WA > WB Þ DQA > DQB P = V V + 3P [slope = V , c = 3P0]
0 0
23. (b) Suppose amount of water evaporated be M gram. PV0 + P0V = 3P0V0 ...(i)
Then (150 – M) gram water converted into ice. But pV = nRT
so, heat consumed in evoporation = Heat released in fusion nRT
M × Lv = (150 – M) × Ls \P= ...(ii)
V
M × 2.1 × 106 = (150 – M) × 3.36 × 105
nRT
Þ M – 20 g From (i) & (ii) V0 + P0V = 3P0V0
V
P-180 Physics
nRT 12. (d) In cyclic process, change in total internal energy is zero.
From (i) & (ii) V0 + P0V = 3P0V0 DUcyclic = 0
V
\ nRT V0 + P0V = 3P0V0V
2 ...(iii) 5R
dT DUBC = nCv DT = 1 ´ DT
For temperature to be maximum =0 2
dV Where, Cv = molar specific heat at constant volume.
Differentiating e.q. (iii) by ‘V’ we get For BC, DT = –200 K
dT \ DUBC = –500R
nRV0 + P0(2V) = 3P0V0 13. (c)
dV
dT 14. (c) Given : work done, W = 830 J
\ nRV0 = 3P0V0 – 2 P0V No. of moles of gas, m = 2
dV For diatomic gas g = 1.4
dT 3P0 V0 - 2P0 V Work done during an adiabatic change
= =0
dV nRV0 mR (T1 - T2 )
3V0 W=
3P g -1
V= \ P= 0 [From (i)]
2 2
9P0 V0 2 ´ 8.3( DT ) 2 ´ 8.3(DT )
Þ 830 = =
\ Tmax = [From (iii)] 1.4 - 1 0.4
4nR
8. (a) Efficiency of heat engine is given by 830 ´ 0.4
w C R R 2 Þ DT = = 20 K
h = = 1- V = = = 2 ´ 8.3
Q CP Cp 5R 5 15. (a)
2 16. (c) P-V indicator diagram for isobaric
(Q Cp – Cv = R) P
5
For monoatomic gas C P = R . slope
dP
=0
2 dV
1
9. (a) t =
æ N ö 3RT
2pd2 ç ÷ V
èVø M P-V indicator diagram for isochoric process
V P
t µ slope
T
dP
As, TVg–1 = K =¥
dV
So, t µ Vg + 1/2
g+ 1 V
Therefore, q = P-V indicator diagram for isothermal process
2
P
1æU ö slope
10. (a) As, P = ç ÷
3èV ø dP -P
= =
U dV V
But = KT 4
V
V
1 4 17. (b) Volume of the gas
So, P = KT
3 m
uRT 1 v= and
or = KT 4 [As PV = u RT] d
V 3 Using PV g = constant
4 3 3
p R T = constant P' V æ d'ö
g
3 = =ç ÷
1 P V' è d ø
Therefore, Tµ or 128 = (32)g
R
11. (b) In VT graph 7
\ g = = 1.4
ab-process : Isobaric, temperature increases. 5
bc process : Adiabatic, pressure decreases. 18. (a) The efficiency
cd process : Isobaric, volume decreases.
output work
da process : Adiabatic, pressure increases. h=
The above processes correctly represented in P-V diagram (b). heat given to the system
3 3 3 46. (d)
= n RDT = V0 DP = P0V0 P, T
2 2 2 Vacuum
n n
Wi = ( P0V0 ) + (2 P0V0 ) + 2 P0V0
2 2
It is the free expansion
Heat given in going B to C = nCpDT
\ So, T remains constant
æ5 ö 5 Þ PV
= n ç R ÷ DT = (2 P0 )DV 1 1 = P2V2
è2 ø 2
V
= 5P0V0 Þ P = P2 (V )
2
and W0 = area under PV diagram P0V0
æ Pö
W PV 2 P2 = ç ÷
h= = 0 0 = è 2ø
Q 13 47. (b) The process A ® B is isobaric.
P0V0 13
2 \ work done WAB = nR(T2 – T1)
Efficiency in % = 2R (500 - 300) = 400 R
2 200 48. (a) The process D to A is isothermal as temperature is
h= ´ 100 = ; 15.4%
13 13 constant.
42. (d) For isothermal process : P
Work done, WDA = 2.303nRT log10 D
PV = Pi .2V PA
P = 2Pi ...(i) = 2.303 ´ 2 R ´ 300
For adiabatic process
PVg = Pa (2V)g 1 ´ 105
log10 – 414R.
(Q for monatomic gas g= 5 3 ) 2 ´ 105
Therefore, work done on the gas is +414 R.
5 5 49. (a) The net work in the cycle ABCDA is
or, 2Pi V 3 = Pa (2V) 3 [From (i)]
W = W AB + WBC + WCD + WDA
Pa 2 PB
Þ = 5 = 400R + 2.303nRT log + (-400R) - 414R
Pi PC
2 3-2
Pa 2 ´ 105
Þ =2 3 = 2.303 ´ 2R ´ 500log - 414 R
Pi 1 ´ 105
43. (d) Given P = aV = 693.2 R – 414 R = 279.2 R
mV 50. (a) Work done in adiabatic compression is given by
Work done, w =
ò PdV W=
nRDT
1- g
V
mV 1000 ´ 8.3 ´ 7
aV 2 Þ -146000 =
= ò aVdV =
2
(m 2 - 1) .
58.1
1- g
58.1
V or 1 - g = - Þ g = 1+ = 1.4
44. (b) Work done during the process A ® B 146 146
Hence the gas is diatomic.
= Area of trapezium (= area bounded by indicator diagram
51. (c) Work is not a state function. The remaining three
with V-axis)
parameters are state function.
1 3
=
2
( 2 P0 + P0 ) ( 2V0 - V0 ) = P0V0
2
52. (19) P
B C
Ideal gas eqn : PV = nRT 3P0
PV 3P0V0
Þ T= =
nR 2nR
45. (b) In an adiabatic process, dH = 0
P0 D
And according to first law of thermodynamics A
dH = dU + W
\ W = – dU V0
V
2V0
P-182 Physics
From the figure,

Q1 – Q2 w
Work, W = 2 P0V0 Also, =
Q1 Q1
Heat given, Qin = WAB + WBC = n × CV DTAB + nCP DTBC
1 w
3R n5 R Þ =
=n (TB - TA ) + (TC - TB ) 10 Q1
2 2
Þ Q1 = w × 10 = 100 J
æ 3R 5R ö So, Q1 – Q2 = w
çèQ Cv = and CP = ÷
2 2ø Þ Q2 = Q1– w
3 5 Þ 100 – 10 = Q2 = 90 J
= ( PBVB - PAV A ) + ( PCVC - PBVB )
2 2
56. (600.00) Given; T1 = 900 K, T2 = 300K, W = 1200 J
3 5
= ´ [3P0V0 - P0V0 ] + [6 P0V0 - 3P0V0 ]
2 2 T2 W
Using, 1 – =
15 21 T1 Q1
= 3 P0V0 + P0V0 = P0V0
2 2 300 1200
Þ 1– =
W 2 P0V0 4 900 Q1
Efficiency, h = = =
Qin 21 21 2 1200
P0V0 Þ = Þ Q1 = 1800
400 2 3 Q1
h% = » 19.
21 Therefore heat energy delivered by the engine to the low
53. (8791) temperature reservoir, Q2 = Q1 – W = 1800 – 1200 =
Given, 600.00 J
Heat absorbed, Q2 = mL = 80 × 100 = 8000 Cal 57. (b) Let QH = Heat taken by first engine
Temperature of ice, T2 = 273 K QL = Heat rejected by first engine
Temperature of surrounding, Q2 = Heat rejected by second engine
T1 = 273 + 27 = 300 K Work done by 1st engine = work done by 2nd engine
W = QH – QL = QL – Q2 Þ 2QL = QH + Q2
w Q1 - Q2 T1 - T2 300 - 273
Efficiency = = = = qH q2
Q2 Q2 T2 273 2= +
qL qL
Q1 - 8000 27 Let T be the temperature of cold reservoir of first engine.
Þ = Þ Q1 = 8791 Cal
8000 273 Then in carnot engine.
Work done W QH T1 Q T
54. (c) Efficiency, h = = = and L =
Heat absorbed SQ QL T Q2 T2
T1 T2
Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 Þ 2= + using (i)
= = 0.5 T T
Q1 + Q3
T1 + T2
Here, Q1 = 1915 J, Q2 = – 40 J and Q3 = 125 J Þ 2T = T1 + T2 Þ T=
2
1915 - 40 + 125 + Q4 T2
\ = 0.5
1915 + 125 58. (b) Using, n = 1 -
T1
Þ 1915 - 40 + 125 + Q4 = 1020 T2
1
n= = 1- T
Þ Q4 = 1020 - 2000 6 1
Þ Q4 = -Q = -980 J T T2 - 62
and 3 = 1 - T
Þ Q = 980 J 1
On solving, we get
55. (d) For carnot refrigerator T1 = 99°C and T2 = 37°C
Q1 – Q2 59. (b) According to question, h1 = h2 = h3
Efficiency =
Q1 T2 T T
\1– = 1– 3 =1– 4
Where, T1 T2 T3
Q1 = heat lost from sorrounding [Q Three engines are equally efficient]
Q2 = heat absorbed from reservoir at low temperature.
T2 T3 T4 W 2
Þ = = Thermal efficiency of engine (h) = = = 0.15
T1 T2 T3 Q given 13
64. (d) DH = mL = 5 × 336 × 103 = Qsink
Þ T2 = T1T3 ...(i) Qsink T
< sink
T3 = T2 T4 ...(ii) Qsource Tsource
From (i) and (ii) Tsource
[ Qsource < ´ Qsink
1 Tsink
T2 = (T12 T4 ) 3
Energy consumed by freezer
1
2
T3 = (T1 T4 ) 3 æ Tsource ö÷
ç ,1÷÷
[ w output < Qsource , Qsink < Qsink çç
T1 – T2 w A çè Tsink ø÷
60. (d) hA = =
Tl Q1
Given: Tsource < 27°C ∗ 273 < 300K,
T –T W
and, hB = 2 3 = B Tsink < 0°C ∗ 273 < 273 k
T2 Q2
3 æ 300 ö
Woutput = 5´336´10 ççç ,1÷÷ < 1.67 ´105 J
According to question,
WA = WB è 273 ø÷
Q T T - T3 T1 65. (d) The entropy change of the body in the two cases is
\ 1= 1´ 2 =
Q 2 T2 T1 - T2 T2 same as entropy is a state function.
66. (b) Given : Q1 = 1000 J
Tl + T3
\T2 = Q2 = 600 J
2 T1 = 127°C = 400 K
600 + 400 T2 = ?
=
2 h=?
= 500K Efficiency of carnot engine,
61. (a) Given: Temperature of cold body, T 2 = 250 K W
temperature of hot body; T1 = 300 K h= ´100%
Q1
Heat received, Q2 = 500 cal work done, W = ?
T2 W 250 W Q2 - Q1
Efficiency = 1 – = Þ 1– = or, h = ´100%
T1 Q2 + W 300 Q2 + W Q1
Q2 500 ´ 4.2 1000 - 600

W= = J = 420 J or, h = ´ 100%
5 5 1000
T1 - T2 h = 40%
62. (d) Efficiency of engine A, nA =
T1 Q 2 T2
Now, for carnot cycle Q = T
T2 - T3 T +T 1 1
and nB = ; T2 = 1 3 = 350 K
T2 2 600 T
= 2
600 - 350 1000 400
nA 600 7 600 ´ 400
or = = T2 =
nB 350 - 100 12 1000
350 = 240 K
63. (b) Work-done (W) = P0V0 = 240 – 273
According to principle of calorimetry
\ T2 = -33°C
Heat given = QAB = QBC
= nCVdTAB + nCPdTBC 67. (b) Heat is extracted from the source in path DA and AB is
3 5 3 æ P0V0 ö 5 æ 2 P0V0 ö
= (nRTB - nRTA ) + (nRTC - nRTB ) DQ = R + R
2 2 2 çè R ÷ø 2 çè R ÷ø
3 5
= (2P0 V0 - P0 V0 ) + (4P0 V0 - 2 P0V) 3 5 æ 13ö
2 2 Þ P0V0 + 2 P0V0 = ç ÷ P0V0
13 2 2 è 2ø
= P0 V0
2
P-184 Physics
68. (c) The efficiency of the carnot’s heat engine is given as

For adiabatic expansion T1V1g-1 = T2V2g-1
æ T ö
h = ç 1 - 2 ÷ ´100 Þ T1V g - 1 = T2 (32V )g - 1
è T1 ø
T1
When efficiency is 40%, Þ = (32)g–1
T1 = 500 K; h = 40 T2
æ T2 ö 7
40 = ç 1 - ÷ ´ 100 For diatomic gas, g =
è 500 ø 5
40 T 2
Þ = 1- 2 \ g -1 =
100 500 5
T2 60
Þ = Þ T2 = 300 K T
2
500 100 \ 1 = (32) 5 Þ T1 = 4T2
When efficiency is 60%, then T2
60 æ 300 ö 300 40 T2
= ç1 - ÷Þ = Now, efficiency = 1 -
100 è T2 ø T2 100 T1
100 ´ 300 T2 1 3
Þ T2 = Þ T2 = 750 K = 1- = 1 - = = 0.75.
40 4T2 4 4
69. (d) In a refrigerator, the heat dissipated in the
atmosphere is more than that taken from the cooling 73. (c) The efficiency (h) of a Carnot engine and the
chamber, therefore the room is heated. If the door of coefficient of performance (b) of a refrigerator are related
a refrigerator is kept open. as
70. (d) According to Carnot's theorem - no heat engine working 1- h
between two given temperatures of source and sink can be b=
h
more efficient than a perfectly reversible engine i.e. Carnot
engine working between the same two temperatures. Q2
Also, b =
T2 W
Efficiency of Carnot's engine, n = 1 –
T1 1 – n Q2
where, T1 = temperature of source \b= =
n W
T2 = temperature of sink
71. (d) Efficiency of engine 1
1-
10 Q
T 1 \ b= = 2.
h1 = 1 - 2 = æ 1ö W
T1 6 ç ÷
è 10 ø
T2 5
Þ = ....(i) is independent of path taken by the process.
T1 6
Q2
When T2 is lowered by 62K, then Þ 9=
T2 - 62 10
Again, h2 = 1 - Þ Q2 = 90 J.
T1
T 62 1 1
=1– 2 + = 74. (d) Q1 = area under BC = T0 S0 + T0 S0
T1 T1 3 ....(ii) 2
Solving (i) and (ii), we get, Q2 = area under AC = T0(2S0 – S0) = T0S0
and Q3 = 0
5
T1 = 372 K and T2 = × 372 = 310 K W Q1 - Q2
6
Efficiency, h = =
Q1 Q1
72. (b) P T
T1
(V, T1)
2T0 B
(32 V, T2) Q1
Q3
T2 T0 C
A Q2
V
S0 2S0
Q2 TS 1 W 2 2 2
= 1- = 1- 0 0 = \ = Þ W = ´ Q = ´ 3 ´ 106
Q1 3 3 Q 3 3 3
T S
2 0 0 = 2 × 106 cal
75. (b) Internal energy and entropy are state function, they are = 2 × 106 × 4.2 J = 8.4 × 106 J
independent of path taken. 78. (a) All reversible engines have same efficiencies if they
76. (a) This is a consequence of second law of are working for the same temperature of source and sink.
thermodynamics If the temperatures are different, the efficiency is
77. (b) Here, T1 = 627 + 273 = 900 K different.
T2 = 27 + 273 = 300 K 79. (c) In Carnot’s cycle we assume frictionless piston,
T2 absolute insulation and ideal source and sink (reservoirs).
Efficiency, h = 1 -
T1 T2
The efficiency of carnot’s cycle h = 1 -
300 1 2 T1
= 1- = 1- =
900 3 3 The efficiency of carnot engine will be 100% when its
sink (T2) is at 0 K.
W The temperature of 0 K (absolute zero) cannot be realised
But h =
Q in practice so, efficiency is never 100%.

Thermodynamics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thermodynamics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thermodynamics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10

Q.1. Two plates A and B have thermal

Answer key & Explanation

1. Ans. Correct answer is 40

3. Ans. Correct answer is 313

5. Ans. Correct answer is 12

Q.1. A thermodynamic system is taken through cyclic process.

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 15th April Morning Shift

Q.2. A flask contains Hydrogen and Argon in the ratio 2:1 by

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 15th April Morning Shift

(Given y = ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and at

Q.4. The mean free path of molecules of a certain gas at STP

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Evening Shift

Q.5. The rms speed of oxygen molecule in a vessel at particular

Q.6. An engine operating between the boiling and freezing

A. efficiency more than 27%.

B. efficiency less than the efficiency of a Carnot engine

C. efficiency equal to 27%

D. efficiency less than 27%

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Q.7. A body cools from 80∘C to 60∘C in 5 minutes. The

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 12th April Morning Shift

Q.8. If the r. m.s speed of chlorine molecule is 490 m/s at 27∘C,

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Evening Shift

Q.10. The root mean square speed of molecules of nitrogen gas

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Evening Shift

Q.11. 1 kg of water at 100∘C is converted into steam

(Given latent heat of vaporisaiton =2257 kJ/kg, Atmospheric

Q.12. On a temperature scale 'X', the boiling point of water

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Morning Shift

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Morning Shift

Q.14. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of oxygen and 4 moles

Q.15. A gas is compressed adiabatically, which one of the

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Evening Shift

Q.16. Consider two containers A and B containing monoatomic

Q.17. Match List I with List II :

(A) 3 Translational degrees of freedom (I) Monoatomic

(B) 3 Translational, 2 rotational degrees (II) Polyatomic

(C) 3 Translational, 2 rotational and 1 (III) Rigid diatomic

(D) 3 Translational, 3 rotational and more (IV) Nonrigid

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Q.18. The temperature at which the kinetic energy of oxygen

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Q.19. Work done by a Carnot engine operating between

Q.20. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: If heat is added to a system, its temperature must

Statement II: If positive work is done by a system in a

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer

Q.21. The temperature of an ideal gas is increased

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

Q.22. A body cools in 7 minutes from 60∘C to 40∘C. The

Q.23. The ratio of speed of sound in hydrogen gas to the speed

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Q.25. The number of air molecules per cm3 increased

Q.26. A Carnot engine operating between two reservoirs has

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Evening Shift

Q.27. For three low density gases A, B, C pressure versus

The temperature corresponding to the point 'K' is :

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Morning Shift