Index

Chapter No. Description Page No.

Introduction (background of the Industry or User

1
based Problem/Task)
Literature Survey / Review (to finalise and define the
2
Problem Statement)
2.1 Introduction

2.2 Concluding remarks of Literature Review

2.3 Problem Definition

2.4 Objective of the study

3 Scope of the project

4 Methodology (Theory}

4.1 Materials

4.2 Component of the machine

Details of designs, working and processes
5
Development of System
5.1 Solar dryer design consideration

6 Experimental Investigation

6.1 Experimental set-up

6.2 Experimental Procedure

7 Results and Discussions

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 1

 Index

8 Conclusions

9 Future scope

10 References

11 Appendix

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 2

 Chapter No. 1 Introduction (background of the Industry or User
based Problem/Task)

Drying is one of the methods used to preserve food products for longer periods. The heat from the
sun coupled with the wind has been used to dry food for preservation for several years.
Drying is the oldest preservation technique of agricultural products and it is an energy intensive process.
High prices and shortages of fossil fuels have increased the emphasis on using alternative renewable energy
resources. Drying of agricultural products using renewable energy such as solar energy is environmental
friendly and has less environmental impact Different types of solar dryers have been designed, developed
and tested in the different regions of the tropics and subtropics. The major two categories of the dryers are
natural convection solar dryers and forced convection solar dryers. In the natural convection solar dryers the
airflow is established by buoyancy induced airflow while in forced convection solar dryers the airflow is
provided by using fan operated either by electricity/solar module or fossil fuel.
Solar thermal technology is a technology that is rapidly gaining acceptance as an energy saving measure
in agriculture application. It is preferred to other alternative sources of energy such as wind and shale,
because it is abundant, inexhaustible, and non-polluting. Solar air heaters are simple devices to heat air by
utilizing solar energy and it is employed in many applications requiring low to moderate temperature below
80°C, such as crop drying and space heating.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 3

 Chapter No. 2 Literature Survey / Review (to finalise and define the
Problem Statement)
Crop drying is the most energy consuming process in all processes on the farm. The purpose of drying is
to remove moisture from the agricultural produce so that it can be processed safely and stored for increased
periods of time. Crops are also dried before storage or, during storage, by forced circulation of air, to prevent
spontaneous combustion by inhibiting fermentation, It is estimated that 20% of the world's grain production
is lost after harvest because of inefficient handling and poor implementation of post- harvest technology,
says Hartman's (1991). Grains and seeds are normally harvested at a moisture level between 18% and 40%
depending on the nature of crop. These must be dried to a level of 7% to 11%depending on application and
market need. Once a cereal crop is harvested, it may have to be stored for a period of time before it can be
marketed or used as feed. The length of time a cereal can be safely stored will depend on the condition it
was harvested and the type of storage facility being utilized. Grains stored at low temperature and moisture
contents can be kept in storage for longer period of time before its quality will deteriorate. Some of the
cereals which are normally stored include maize, rice, beans.
Solar drying may be classified into direct and indirect solar dryer. In direct solar dryers the air heater
contains the grains and solar energy which passes through a transparent cover and is absorbed by the grains.
Essentially, the heat required for drying is provided by radiation to the upper layers and subsequent
conduction into the grain bed. However, in indirect dryers, solar energy is collected in a separate solar
collector (air heater) and the heated air then passes through the grain bed, while in the mixedmode type of
dryer, the heated air from a separate solar collector is passed through a grain bed, and at the same time, the
drying cabinet absorbs solar energy directly through the transparent walls or the roof Energy is important for
the existence and development of human kind and is a key issue in international politics, the economy,
military preparedness, and diplomacy. To reduce the impact of conventional energy sources on the
environment, much attention should be paid to the development of new energy and renewable energy
resources. Solar energy, which is environment friendly, is renewable and can serve as a sustainable energy
source. Hence, it will certainly become an important part of the future energy structure with the increasingly
drying up of the terrestrial fossil fuel. However, the lower energy density and seasonal doing with
geographical dependence are the major challenges in identifying suitable applications using solar energy as
the heat source. Consequently, exploring high efficiency solar energy concentration technology is necessary
and realistic.
Solar energy is free, environmentally clean, and therefore is recognized as one of the most promising
alternative energy recourses options. In near future, the large-scale introduction of solar energy systems,
Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 4
directly converting solar radiation into heat, can be looked forward. However, solar energy is intermittent by
its nature; there is no sun at night. Its total available value is seasonal and is dependent on the meteorological
conditions of the location. Unreliability is the biggest retarding factor for extensive solar energy utilization.
Of course, reliability of solar energy can be increased by storing its portion when it is in excess of the load
and using the stored energy whenever needed.Solar drying is a potential decentralized thermal application of
solar energy particularly in developing countries. However, so far, there has been very little field penetration
of solar drying technology. In the initial phase of dissemination, identification of suitable areas for using
solar dryers would be extremely helpful towards their market penetration.
Solar drying is often differentiated from sun drying! by the use of equipment to collect the sun's
radiation in order to harness the radiative energy for drying applications. Sun drying is a common farming
and agricultural process in many countries, particularly where the outdoor temperature reaches 30 °C or
higher. In many parts of South East Asia, spices and herbs are routinely dried. However, weather conditions
often preclude the use of sun drying because of spoilage due to rehydration during unexpected rainy days.
Furthermore, any direct exposure to the sun during high temperature days might cause case hardening,
where a hard shell develops on the outside of the agricultural products, trapping moisture inside. Therefore,
the employment of solar dryer taps on the freely available sun energy while ensuring good product quality
via judicious control of the radiative heat. Solar energy has been used throughout the world to dry products.
Such is the diversity of solar dryers that commonly solar-dried products include grains, fruits, meat,
vegetables and fish. A typical solar dryer improves upon the traditional open-air sun system in five
important ways.
It is more efficient. Since materials can be dried more quickly, less will be lost to spoilage
immediately after harvest. This is especially true of products that require immediate drying such as freshly
harvested grain with high moisture content. In this way, a larger percentage of products will be available for
human consumption. Also, less of the harvest will be lost to marauding animals and insects since the
products are in safely enclosed compartments. It is hygienic. Since materials are dried in a controlled
environment, they are less likely to be contaminated by pests, and can be stored with less likelihood of the
growth of toxic fungi. It is healthier. Drying materials at optimum temperatures and in a shorter amount of
time enables them to retain more of their nutritional value such as vitamin C. An added bonus is that
products will look better, which enhances their marketability and hence provides better financial returns for
the farmers. It is cheap. Using freely available solar energy instead of conventional fuels to dry products, or
using a cheap supplementary supply of solar heat, so reducing conventional fuel demand can result in
significant cost savings.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 5

 2.1 Introduction

Drying has been used to preserve food throughout the world since prehistoric
times. When people learned that dried foods left out in the sun remain wholesome for long periods. The
dried foods industry has greatly expanded after World War II but remained restricted to dried foods,
including milk, soup, eggs fruits, yeast some meats and instant coffee etc. several mechanical drying units
were built on experimental basis and a few commercial units were in operation primarily for dehydration of
fruits, vegetables, and hay and seed corn. Much of the research in agriculture product up to 1955 was
concerned mainly with field result. Since 1955 considerable research has dealt with theory and principles of
drying in the design of farm level of commercial driers.
Drying in one of the oldest user of solar energy. The practice has been cheaply and successfully
employed all over the world for thousands of years. The basics philosophy of drying foods is to remove
water for prevention of micro organisms to grow and limit food enzymatic activity. It reduces an item to
roughly 50% of its original volume and 20% of its original weight through gradual elimination of water.
Three basic methods of drying are used today
(i) sun drying, a traditional method in which foods dry naturally in the sun
(ii) hot air drying in which foods are exposed to a blast of hot air
(iii) freeze drying in which frozen foods are placed in a vacuum chamber to draw out the water.
Removing the water preserves foods because microrganisms need water to grow and food enzymes
cannot work without a watery environment

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 6

 2.2 Concluding remarks of Literature Review

 Excel (1979) worked vat the Asian institute of technology and built a rice dryer to be constructed by the
local farmers at low cost using indigenous materials. In this dryer sunlight passed through the clear
plastic sheet and warmed the air inside aided by a layer of burnt rice hunks that covered the ground
below to absorb the radiation. The warm air passed through the bad off the paddy and dried it. The
chimney provided a tall column of warm air that increases the flow of heat through the bad by natural
convection. The air inlet when faced the wind direction increase the flow further.

 Djokoto et al developed and tested solar tunnel dryer for drying weight at international rise research
institute (IRRI) Philippines. The dryer consisted of a collector and tunnel drying chambers arranged
parallel to each other. A centrifugal blower with backward curved drying air through the collector.
Tyuirn et al (1989) designed and developed a simple solar powered dryer for fruits. A layer of produce
was spread in a solar heated chamber on a lattice through which air was forced. Roof ventilators
regulated inside temperature and humidity within 6 days, grapes could be dried sufficiently for further
processing, whereas onions were dried within 24 hours. Hauser et al (1993) designed, fabricated and
tested a tunnel type solar dryer for fruit and vegetables in morocco. The installation was used for drying
“canino” Apricots, which were first cut in half and de-stoned, then immersed for 10 minutes In solution
of 6% Na2S2So5 to preserve their colour and guarantee their storage life. The apricot halves were then
arranged on the dryer grill in a single layer with the internal flesh uppermost at 750-1000 halves per m2

 Once the dryer was closed the fans were switched on. The maximum drying temperature was selected
65 ۬C to avoid significant quality losses. The performance of the dryer was examined and it was found
that 60 kg of dry apricots could be obtained forma harvest of 3000 kg.

 Sharma et al (1994) carried out an experimental investigation on three type of solar dryers (2 natural and
forced convection) for fruit and vegetable drying during the summer in southern Italy. Mushrooms,
green chilies and tomatoes were used in the experiment and weight at 2 hours intervals during drying.
Drying as much faster using the in directed forced convection dryer than with the cabinet or multi-
stacked natural convection dryer particularly on cloudy days. There was no significated that the cabinet
type natural convection dryer is suitable for drying a small quality a small quality of the fruit or

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 7

 vegetables on a household scale, the integrated solar collector-cum-drying system is suitable for drying
a limited crop volume on frames, and the in directed multi shelf forced convection dryer is suitable for
industrial use. Because et al (1977) described the design development optimum working condition and
economic consideration of a solar energy with forced ventilation developed for use in sahelian countries
for drying for product (such as meat, fish, and fruit).

2.3 Problem Definition

Food scientists have found that by reducing the moisture content of food to between 10 and 20%,
bacteria, yeast, mold and enzymes are prevented from spoiling it. The flavor and most of the nutritional
value is preserved and concentrated.
Drying and preservation of agricultural products have been one of the oldest uses of solar energy. The
traditional method, still widely used throughout the world, is open sun drying where diverse crops, such as
fruits, vegetables, cereals, grains, tobacco, etc. are spread on the ground and turned regularly until
sufficiently dried so that they can be stored safely. However, there exist many problems associated with
open sun drying. It has been seen that open sun drying has the following disadvantages. It requires both
large amount of space and long drying time. The disadvantages of open sun drying need an appropriate
technology that can help in improving the quality of the dried products and in reducing the wastage. This led
to the application of various types of drying devices like solar dryer, electric dryers, wood fuel driers and
oil-burned driers. However, the high cost of oil and electricity and their scarcity in the rural areas of most
third world countries have made some of these driers very unattractive. Therefore interest has been focused
mainly on the development of solar driers.

2.4 Objective of the study

1. to design and fabricate a suitable prototype for drying common agro-commodities usually dried
traditionally in open air

2. to evaluate the performance of the prototype using some common agro-commodities with different
loads and drying modes.

Following are the some of the selected research studies mainly on vegetable and fruits drying where the
post harvest losses are almost half of the total production which otherwise could be minimized if appropriate
drying process were applied to preserve the commodities for off season use, and also to fetch good return for
the farmers.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 8

 Chapter No. 3 Scope of the project

Solar dryers can be utilized for various domestic purposes. They also find numerous applications in
industries such as textiles, wood, fruit and food processing, paper, pharmaceutical, and agro-
industries. Daily solar radiation varies between 4 and 6.5 kWh/m2.In this regard, solar dryer for domestic as
well industrial usage could be an effective alternative of saving conventional energy. Utilization of solar
thermal energy through solar dryer is relatively in a nascent state in our country.By use of this dryer, the
drying process is made 5 times faster than normal sun drying procedure resulting in substantial weight
reduction. 100 kg of grapes can be converted to 25 kg of raisin. It has no adverse effect to environment.
For centuries, people of various nations have been preserving fruits, meat, fish and other
crops by drying. Drying is also beneficial for hay, copra, tea and other income producing non"foodcrops.

Future Scope of Work

The future scope of the work includes –
 To achieve a more constant temperature variation with the dryer containing PCM
 Quality analysis of the dried product.
 Testing of the dryer for other products.
 Testing of dryer with different melting point of paraffin wax.
 Testing of dryer having LHS at different quantity of paraffin wax and optimize quantity of paraffin
wax.
 Designing of the solar dryer minimizing shortcomings associated with low efficiency.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 9

 Chapter No. 4 : Methodology (Theory}

In an indirect solar dryer, the heat of the sun is first captured by the solar collector and the dryer
chamber. Consequently, the ambient air that flows through the solar collector is heated, and then enters the
drying chamber. After drying, the air has become humid and is discharged from the drying chamber.

4.1 Materials

The following materials were used for the construction of the domestic passive solar dryer:

 Wood (gmelina) - as the casing (housing) of the entire system; wood was

selectedbeing a good insulator and relatively cheaper than metals.

 Glass - as the solar collector cover and the cover for the drying chamber. It

permits the solar radiation into the system but resists the flow of heat energ out of

the systems.

 Mild steel sheet of 1mm thickness and aluminum painted black – for absorption

of solar radiation.

 Wooden frames for constructing the trays.

 Nails and glue as fasteners and adhesives.

 Insect net at air inlet and outlet - to prevent insects from entering into the dryer.

 Hinges and handle for the dryer’s door.

 Paint (black).
Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 10
 4.2 Component of the machine

The materials used for the construction of the mixed-mode solar dryer are cheap and easily
obtainable in the local market. The solar dryer consist of the solar collector (air heater), the drying cabinet
and drying trays.

COMPONENTS OF THE MACHINE (PARTS OF THE SOLAR DRYER)

The machine will consist of the following:

1. The Solar Panel which can also be referred to as the air heater: This panel is the source of the
heat energy that is needed to heat up the air entering the chamber to move around the produce and
dry it. It absorbs the heat and also converts light energy into heat.
2. The Air Inlet: This is the opening through which air enters in and it is heated by the heat produced
by the solar panel.
3. The Drying Chamber: This will be designed to accommodate four layers of drying trays made of
net cloth on which the produce are placed for drying.
4. Air Vents: For air to flow into the solar dryer, a gap of 5cm will be needed in an opening situated
just below the glass solar collector so that the air coming in can be heated.
5. Dryer Trays: Net cloth will be used as the dryer screen or trays to aid air circulation within the
drying chamber. 4 trays will be needed having wooden frames, the tray dimension will be 82cm x
72cm. 2.5cm x 2.5cm wooden stick will be used as frame.
6. Glass: Transparent glass will be used as well as a mild steel of 1mm thick will also be used. It will
be suggested that the glass covering should be 5mm thick to make the roofing of the chamber.
The design of the drying chamber, making use of wooden wall sides and a glass top will protects the
produce placed on the trays in the drying chamber from direct sunlight since this will be undesirable and
tends to bleach the color of the produce, remove the flavor and cause the food to dry unevenly.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 11

 Chapter No 5 . Details of designs, working and processes
Development of System

5.1 SOLAR DRYER DESIGN CONSIDERATION

The following factors will be considered in the design of the solar dryer.

1.Materials Selection
Since the design is to help local farmers and to reduce the cost of drying, using dryers that are expensive, the
materials to be used will be sourced locally and at the cheapest price available. They will be selected on the
basis of availability, cost, durability amongst others.
2.Dimension
The proposed outside dimension of the solar dryer is 90cm x 80cm x 100cm, while the inside dimension will
be 87.5cm x 77.5cm x 97.5cm. This is due to the 2.5cm thickness of the plank to be used. The drying
chamber will be 97.5cm in length.

3. Air Flow
The solar dryer will be designed to help in the reduction of the moisture content of the produce put in it.
There will be an air vent or inlet to the solar collector where air enters and it will be heated up by solar
collector. The hot air will rise through the drying chamber; pass through the trays and around the farm
produce reducing the moisture content and exits through the outlet near the top of the chamber.
The hot air serves as the drying medium; it extracts and conveys the moisture from the produce or food to
the atmosphere. Thus the system is a passive solar system and no mechanical device is required to control
the intake of air into the dryer.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 12

 Chapter No 6. Experimental Investigation

6.1 Experimental set-up

The objective of a solar cabinet dryer is to supply the product with more heat than that of
ambient air by increasing the vapor pressure of moisture held in the crop and decreasing the relative
humidity of the air thus increasing its moisture carrying capacity and ensuring low equilibrium moisture
content. Drying rate depends on the temperature and relative humidity of the surrounding air and the
properties of the material to be dried. Some of the crops commonly grown in developing countries are better
suited for solar drying as case hardening and other damages are less at low temperatures.
Solar dryers are much suitable for tropical countries as the available solar energy is
sufficient to serve the heat requirements. Natural-convection dryers don't require mechanical or electrical
power, simple in construction, easy to maintain and inexpensive. Mould formations are lesser in solar drying
process . The use of PCM as an energy storage medium is now a worldwide considered option with a
number of advantages. The combination of solar energy and the use of PCMs in any thermal energy system
may result on alleviating the problem of pollution due to the reduced use of fossil fuel based energy sources.
Also, the energy demand can be managed by storing when it is available and using it later . Thermal storage
depends on the capillary forces and surface tension forces that act on the PCM during the incorporation .
Solar dryer used in this experiment was of cabinet type having 3 trays with drying area of 0.5 m2 (each).
The trays were evenly spaced to allow maximum heat flow.
The experimental setup consists of a solar dryer which can be coupled to a solar collector
which acts as an auxiliary heat recovery unit. Both the components have PCM based thermal storage
compartments at their base through which the incoming air enters below their absorber plates. The whole
structure is insulated to minimize heat loss.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 13

 6.2 Experimental Procedure

Crops like cereals, grains, paddy, wheat, corn, and dry nuts have dry content in
weight. So without proper removing of thismoisture results in the growth of moulds, fungi and damage the
grain quality results in the loss of crop. Harvest grainmoisture content varies between 18 and 25% wet basis,
if not dried quickly will reduce the quality of grain. Drying toreduce the moisture content to about 18% wet
basis so that grain can be stored for longer, facilitate the milling process andto produce good quality grains.
Similarly, in horticulture, crops like vegetables and fruits are facing large scarcity inproduction and
preservation for the balance of a growing population
At less production and monsoon failure cases it results in inflation. Under these
circumstances, the farmer isunable to produce the right crop at the right time. Though production is more at
good rains farmer is unable to get areasonable price. Mostly these crops are perishable crops i.e., lifetime or
durability is very less. So, to get rid of thisproblem we have to store and protect the extra cultivation in
various forms up to the next good monsoon. By this, we cancontrol the scarcity of food as well as inflation.
The experimental set-up used for the present study is designed andfabricated at G. Pulla Reddy Engineering
College and located in Kurnool district. This experimental design consisted ofheating and drying chamber.
The design of the drying chamber was based on the volume required for 1.5 kg of vegetables.On basis of
this volume the dimensions of dryer was 23 ×37 × 60 cm2 with air passage (air vent) out of the cabinet of 90
×10cm2. The glass used as a cover for the collector was 83 × 60cm2. The steel net was selected for the dryer
trays to aid aircirculation within the drying chamber. Three trays were made having wooden edges. The tray
dimension is 21 × 50 cm of2.5 cm × 2 cm wooden sticks used as a frame. In this proposed work, 5mm thick
transparent glass was used. It alsosuggested that the metal sheet thickness should be of 0.4–0.5 mm
thickness, here aluminium of 0.4 mm thickness was used.The glass used as a cover for the collector was 83
× 60cm2. For the measurement of temperatures at various pointsthermocouples along with display panel
were used. The drying chamber was connected to a heating chamber from whichhot air for drying was made

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 14

available. In the drying chamber, hot air removed the moisture from vegetables throughevaporation. The
weighing machine measured the loss in the weight of vegetables due to drying, which was observed
manually after each hour.

Chapter No 7. Results and Discussions

Experiments were conducted on the dryer to find out the difference in

temperature of its cabinet with and without thermal storage. It was tested in no load condition. The
experiments were conducted in the month of April when the sunshine remains considerable in Annamalai
Nagar located at 11.39° N Latitude and 79.69° E Longitude at an altitude much closer to sea level.
Experimental observations were recorded from 10 am onwards until it reached the atmospheric condition.
Experiments were done for 6 consecutive days.
The dryer was kept without thermal storage from day 1 to day 3 for 3 days and
the temperature at different vital locations was recorded from 10 a.m. onwards until the cabinet temperature
falls to that of atmospheric condition. Similarly, the experiments were done on the dryer with thermal
storage from day 4 to day 6 for 3 days. In this study, a paraffin-kerosene composite material was used as the
thermal storage material in the solar cabinet dryer. This PCM is economical as well as highly effective. The
paraffin used in this work was ndocosane. Paraffin (n-docosane) is available on the market commercially. Its
melting point can be adjusted to the required level by mixing kerosene suitably. It has a high latent heat of
fusion of around 194 kJ/kg. To establish the performance of the PCM, mixture of paraffin and kerosene with
the mass ratio of 2:1 which has desired temperature range was tested. The mixture was filled into aluminum
pipes and aluminum cans.
The PCM in the cans was allowed to solidify completely. The experiments were
focused on the melting and solidification of the mixtures. The PCM mixture near the can wall solidified
sooner than the mixture at the centre of the can. The mix ratio suited well for the application since it melts at
a temperature much suitable for solar dryer application in this geographical area. The absorber plate, cans
and pipes were made of aluminum. The heat storage unit was arranged under the absorber plate. It consisted
of aluminum pipes and cans. The pipes were arranged at the bottom side of the absorber to increase heat
transfer. The dryer and thermal storage unit were insulated using polyurethane foam. The mass flow rate of
air during experimentation varied between 0.001- 0.003 kg/m2 s.
Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 15
 The use of thin PCM cans and pipes allowed the storage and dissipation of
thermal energy from the composite phase change material relatively quickly when compared with the
normal phase change timing of a paraffin based composite. Thus it was clear that the thickness of the
container plays a key role in improving the thermal diffusivity and the storage capacity of the phase change
material

Chapter No 8. Conclusions

The following conclusions have been arrived based on the analysis of

experimental results:
The paraffin n-docosane is suitable for thermal storage in a solar cabinet
dryer. The PCM released its sensible heat very rapidly, and longer time was needed to transfer the latent heat
due to frozen layer formation. As the solidification extended, the amount of latent heat transferred to heat
transfer fluid became smaller. The melting and solidification of PCM occurred in a phased manner and so
heat transfer cycle extended for longer duration. The PCM mixture near the can and pipe walls solidifies
sooner than the mixture at the centre of the can. This is due to the thermal resistance offered by the PCM.
During solidification process, the solidification front is moving towards outer surface whereas heat transfer
occurs in the opposite direction inwards through the already solidified portion.
Thus the thermal resistance of wax increases. The composite PCM mix
ratio of 2:1 suited well for the application since it melts at a temperature much suitable for solar dryer
application in this geographical area. During the phase change the wax melts over a temperature range and it
is difficult to find the fraction of wax that melts at a particular temperature. Thus the phase change occurs in
fractions which have been proven by the variations in temperature gradient during the thermal cycle. The
PCM cans arranged at the base store the heat convected to the bottom side from the absorber thus reducing
the bottom side heat loss. The variation of atmospheric air flow because of velocity changes created mass
flow rate variations marginally and due to it, uneven temperature rise occurred inside the solar dryer.

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 16

 Chapter No 9. Future scope

Future Scope of Work

The future scope of the work includes –
 To achieve a more constant temperature variation with the dryer containing PCM
 Quality analysis of the dried product.
 Testing of the dryer for other products.
 Testing of dryer with different melting point of paraffin wax.
 Testing of dryer having LHS at different quantity of paraffin wax and optimize quantity of paraffin
wax.
 Designing of the solar dryer minimizing shortcomings associated with low efficiency.

Chapter No 9. References

1. Anon R, A Simple Solar Dryer. Appropriate Technology, Pp. 5, 2, and 11, 1978a
2. Anon R., How to Build a solar crop Dryer. Santa Fe, USA: New Mexico. Solar. Energy
Association. Pp. 10, 1978c.
3. Annual statistics report for Sarpang and Dagana Dzongkhag 2011, https://www.nsb.gov.bit
4. Sawn Timber rate.pdf https://www.nrdcl.gov.bt

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 17

 Thank You

Government Polytechnic, Miraj, Mechanical Engineering. 18