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    Aimbldc 1

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    Pooja Kumari 762

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    Aimbldc 1

    Uploaded by

    Pooja Kumari 762
    4 views4 pages

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    Aimbldc1 (1)

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    4 views4 pages

    Aimbldc 1

    Uploaded by

    Pooja Kumari 762

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Experiment 5

    Aim: Modelling of BLDC motors control using PWM method.

    Software used: MATLAB 2023a

    Theory:
    Brushless DC motors have some significant advantages over their competitors, such as brushed
    motors, largely because of the electronic commutation. It allows the controller to switch the
    current promptly and thus regulate the motor’s characteristics effectively. In this article, we’ll
    consider the peculiarities of a brushless DC motor controller. You will learn about its operating
    principles as well as the design features and challenges you should know about before building
    your own device. A BLDC motor controller regulates the speed and torque of the motor; it can
    also start, stop, and reverse its rotation. To understand the working principles of the controller,
    let us start first with the construction of a brushless motor. Its major components comprise of:
     an armature or rotor made of permanent and in many cases neodymium magnets; and
     a stator with windings that create a magnetic field when energized.
    The rotor’s magnets and stator’s windings provide the rotation of the motor. They attract each
    other with opposite poles and repel each other with the same poles. A similar process takes
    place in a brushed DC motor. The essential difference is in the method of switching the current
    applied to the wire windings.
    In a BDC motor, this is a mechanical process triggered by a commutator with brushes. In a BLDC
    motor, it happens electronically with the help of transistor switches.
    A BLDC motor controller detects the position of the rotor either by using sensors (for example,
    a Hall-effect sensor) or sensor less. The sensors measure the rotor’s position and send out this
    data. The controller receives the information and enables the transistors to switch the current
    and energize the required winding of the stator at the right time.
    Depending on the rotor’s placement, BLDC motors can be of two types:
     In runner motor (the rotor is internal, and the stator is on the outside of the motor);
     Out runner motor (the rotor is external, so the permanent magnets spin around the
    stator together with the motor’s case).
    In runners have a more lightweight construction and a better rotational speed because of their
    smaller rotating diameter. In their turn, out runner motors have a higher torque because of the
    longer arm and greater electromotive force applied to the rotor.
    Three-phase brushless DC motors can have two different types of winding connections:
     wye (Y) or star connection (windings meet at the center forming a wye);
     delta (Δ) connection (windings are connected in series forming a triangle).
    The wye configuration has a neutral wire connected to ground. This can protect the motor from
    overvoltage and overload. The delta connection has no neutrals, so it works better for motors
    with a balanced load. However, each of these types can show efficient performance depending
    on your requirements.

    BLDC Motor Classifications

    BLDC motor controllers differ according to the method they use to detect the rotor’s position.
    You can make the measurements with the help of position sensors or using a sensor less
    technique. There are plenty of options among sensors, including:
     Hall-effect sensors;
     rotary encoders;
     variable reluctance sensors;
     resolvers;
     Optical sensors.

    The sensor less BLDC motor controller works without a sensor; it detects the rotor’s position by
    estimating back electromotive force (back EMF). This is the voltage created in the stator’s
    windings by the rotating armature. By measuring the back EMF, you can determine the position
    of the rotor: the closer the rotor’s magnet, the higher the back EMF.

    Simulation Diagram
    Simulation Results:

    Conclusion:
    The speed of the motor is successfully controlled by PWM technique. As shown, the speed
    curve matches with trapezoid and torque is produced.

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