Health Assess. Lecture Reviewer

EAR – the organ of hearing and Macrotia- refers to excessively large
balance(equilibrium). ears(>10cm)
Ear divided in 3 sections: Microtia- birth defects of a baby's ear,
External, Middle, and Inner abnormality of the ears/external ear is
the external and middle ears are mainly underdeveloped(<4cm)
concerned with the transmission of sound,
the inner ear contains the cochlea – often Possible Questions:
called the organ of hearing – and also houses  Any ear pains?
the body’s organ of balance.  Any ear infection?
 Any discharge from ear?
 Any hearing loss?
 Any ringing or buzzing in ear?
 How do you clean your ear?
NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROATS
NOSE- where begins the respiration

-prominent organ of the body
-triangular shape in the middle of the face
Defense against dirt
External/outer ear:
For breathing and smelling
Pinna(auricle)-helix, tragus, lobule
Smelling help in nutrition for better appetite
Middle Ear:
Normal finding:
Nasal septum normally straight
Abnormal finding:
Absence of discharges
Otalgia- earache
Airways are patent
Otorrhea- drainage from ear/discharge
Mucus membrane normally pink
Tinnitus- ringing noises
Abnormal finding:
Vertigo- dizziness
Rhinorrhea- nasal discharges
Presbycusis- hear loss
Epistaxis- nosebleed
Cerumen- earwax
Anosmia-loos of sense of smell
Foreign body- something that is stuck inside
Rhinitis- inflammation of the nose
you but isn’t supposed to be there.
Sinusitis- inflammation of the sinuses
Otitis externa- infection of the external ear
Otitis media- infection of middle ear
MOUTH-part of digestive
-for eating and speaking
Assessment:
Pinna/Auricle- examine the size, shape,
THROAT- is a ring- like muscular tube. It is
lesion and masses.
the passageway for air, food, and liquid. It
External Canal- inspect w/ the use of
also helps in forming speech.
otoscope
Tympanic membrane- gray in color(normal)
Abnormal Finding:
Whisper Test- 15 ft. (2 syllable word)
Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
The sound near in the midline(normal)
Cheilitis- cracking at the corners of the lips
The sound loudest the other side(abnormal)
Xerostomia- dry mouth
Plaque- soft debris in the teeth -decreased in obese (respiration
Caries- tooth decay Rate and rhythm of breathing
Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums Asymmetry
Mal-occlusion- upper and lower dental -moves easily, no impairment
arches are not in alignment Palpation-compare
Leukoplakia- chalky white, thick, raised Percussion-up
patch with well-defined borders, usually on
the lateral edges of the tongue. Normal Finding:
Tonsilitis-inflammation of the tonsils Thorax- should be movable and symmetrical
Pharyngitis- inflammation of the pharynx Symmetrical, no impairement respirations
Stomatitis- dry, sore, mucous-membrane of No bulges of intercostal space
the mouth Chest
No tenderness
THORAX AND LUNGS Chest movement is symmetrical
Thorax Fracture/ problems
Bones inside the thorax Equal (vibration)
Ribs, vertebrae, sternum, clavicle, thoracic
vertebrae (12) Abnormal Finding:
Pleural membrane separates the lungs. Hemoptysis- coughing with blood
Alveoli- air sacs, functional unit of Orthopnea- shortness of breath when lying
respiratory down
Cavity- hollow segment of the body Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea-
Bronchus-bronchioles-alveoli Fremitus-transmission of vibration is low
Right lung is bigger shorter bcs it has 3 Crepitus- cracking sensation
lobes, bcs of liver. Left lung has 2 lobes, -palpable over the skin surface
longer but thinner. Atelectasis- collapse of the lungs, known as
Inspect the spine (from the head) a lobe
Structural deformity Retractions-
Skin characteristic Tachypnea- rapid breathing
Symmetry of the posterior chest Hyperventilation- fast/rapid or deep
Posture breathing (kussmaul’s breathing)
Kyphosis- (kubbo) Barrel chest- chest becomes expanded in
Scoliosis-lateral curvature size.
Iordosis-(kiyad) Kyphosis- (kubbo) currature-posterior
Palpation Scoliosis-lateral curvature
Posterior first Iordosis- (kiyad)
tenderness, masses; inflammation Chest pain when breathing
Ribs and costal margins for symmetry Decreased/ absence of breath sound
Mobility and tenderness Wheezing
Respiratory excertion Sputum product
Vocal tactile fremitus
place palm from scapula to middle CARDIO-HEART
Percussion Arteries- carry oxygenated blood from heart
Resonance over symmetrical areas Vein- carry deoxygenated blood from diff.
Auscultation part of the body back to the heart.
Softer and finer (lungs) Capillaries- functional unit
Cardiomegaly- enlarged heart
Valves- pushes blood to the heart
Normal Finding:
No bulging in the chest
N other pulsation
No other palpation/ thrills
Two sounds are heard(lubb-dubb)
60-100
Abnormal finding:
Chest pain- lack of oxygen
Dyspnea- difficulty of breathing
Orthopnea- difficulty of breathing in supine
Nocturia- urination at time
Murmur- whoosh blowing sound
Thready pulse- weak pulse
Bounding- loud
Mediastinum- separate the heart

Atria received blood from inferior/superior
vena cava

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EAR – the organ of hearing and Macrotia- refers to excessively large

NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROATS

NOSE- where begins the respiration

Mediastinum- separate the heart

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