CHEMISTRY EAMCET THE p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - GROUP 13

THE p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - GROUP 13

SYNOPSIS
1 Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) and Thallium (Tl) constitute the elements of
IIIA group of the periodic table.
2 The outer electronic configuration of IIIA group elements is ns 2 np′ .
3 The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is aluminium.
4 The third most abundant element in the earth's crust is aluminium.
5 In IIA group, density increases from boron to thallium. Al has a low density because of its larger
atomic volume.
6 Melting point of boron is very high because it exists as a giant covalent polymer both in liquid and
solid states.
7 Gallium contains low melting point due to its simple molecular structure (Ga2 ).
8 Atomic size increases considerably from boron to.aluminium. This is due to the greater screening
effect of electrons present in the penultimate shell.
9 In Ga, In and Tl elements, the d-electrons in the penultimate shell do not shield the valence
electrons from nuclear attractions effectively and hence their atomic size is low.
10 Electrọnegativity decreases from boron to aluminium and then increases upto thallium. .
11 The general oxidation states of IIIA group elements are +3 and +1 .
12 The reluctance of n s electrons towards participation in bond formation is known as inert pair
effect.
13 The most stable oxidation state of thallium is +1 due to high inert pair effect.
Boron (𝐁):

1 Important minerals of boron are

i) Borax or tincal - Na2 B4 O7 10H2 O
ii) Kernite - Na2 B4 O7 2H2 O
iii) Orthoboric acid - H3 BO3
Compounds of boron
Borax :

1 Sodium tetraborate decahydrate is called borax. Its formula is Na2 B4 O7 10H2 O or

Na2 [ B4 O5 (OH)4 ]8H2 O.
2 Borax naturally occurs as Tincal (which contains about 50% borax)

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3 Borax is sparingly soluble in cold water but fairly soluble in hot water. Its aqueous solution is
alkaline due to hydrolysis.
Na2 B4 O7 + 7H2 O → 2NaOH + 4H3 BO3

4 Borax bead test is used for the detection of coloured basic radicals or cations.
5 On heating borax loses its water of crystallization and swells into a white, opaque mass of
anhydrous sodium tetra borate. On further heating, it melts to give a clear liquid which solidifies to
transparent glassy bead consisting of sodium metaborate and boric anhydride (borax bead).

6 Boric anhydride combined with metal oxides to form metal metaborates as coloured beads.
B2 O3 + CoO → Co(BO2 )2

Blue bead

7 Uses of borax :
i) It is used in making optical glasses and pyrex glass.
ii) It is used in borax bead test for the identification of cations.
Boric acids

1 Ortho boric acid is simply called as boric acid.

2 Borax is treated with dil HCl or dil H2 SO4 to form boric acid.
Na2 B4 O7 + 2HCl + 5H2 O → 4H3 BO3 + 2NaCl
Na2 B4 O7 + H2 SO4 + 5H2 O → 4H3 BO3 + Na2 SO4

3 Boric acid is a very weak monobasic acid, does not act as a proton donor but behaves as a Lewis
acid.
4 Boric acid loses water on heating and finally giving boron trioxide.
370K
H3 BO3 → HBO2 + H2 O
Metaboric acid

410K
4H3 BO3 → H2 B4 O7 + 5H2 O

Tetra boric acid

high temp
2H3 BO3 → B2 O3 + 3H2 O

5 Boric acid is used (i) as a food preservative

ii) as mild antiseptic for eye wash
iii) for the preparation of glasses and enamels in pottery
Diborane (𝐁𝟐 𝐇𝟔 )
Preparations :

1 Boron trichloride is reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to form diborane.

4BCl3 + 3LiAlH4 → 2 B2 H6 + 3LiCl + 3AlCl3

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2 The mixture of boron trichloride and hydrogen is subjected to silent electric discharge to form
diborane.
2BCl2 + 6H3 → B2 H6 + 6HCl

3 Boron trifluoride and Lithium hydride are heated at 450∘ K to form diborane.
2BF3 + 6LiH → B2 H6 + 6LiF

Properties :
4. Diborane burns with air to form boron trioxide.

B2 H6 + 3O2 → B2 O3 + 3H2 O + heat

5 Diborane reacts with water to form boric acid and hydrogen.

B2 H6 + 6H2 O → 2H3 BO3 + 6H2

6 Diborane reacts with carbon monoxide at high pressure to form borane carbonyl.
B2 H6 + 2CO → 2BH3 CO

7 Diborane reacts with ammonia at 120∘ C to form diammoniate of diborane.

120C
B2 H6 + 2NH3 → B2 H6 2NH3

8 Diborane reacts with excess of ammonia at high temperature (200∘C) to form borazole.
200C
3 B2 H6 + 6NH3 → 2 B3 N3 H6 + 12H2 .

9 Borazole (B3 N3 H6 ) is commonly known as inorganic benzene because it resembles the structure
and properties of benzene.
10 Borazole is isostructural and iso electronic with benzene.
11 In borazole both nitrogen and boron atoms undergo sp2 hybridisations.
Structure :
12. Diborane contains two hydrogen bridges.

13 Diborane contains no B − B bond.

14 Hydrogen bridge is a three centre two electron bond.
15 In diborane, boron atoms undergo sp3 hybridisation.
16 Hydrogen bridge is also called banana bond or tau bond.
17 Uses of aluminium :
1 It is used for making electrical cables.
2 It is used in making trays, picture frames etc.
3 It is used for making alloys which are used in making parts of the air craft, automobiles and speed
boats.
4 It is used in thermite welding.
5 It is used in the form of a foil for wrapping cigarettes, chocolates etc.

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It is used for making utensils.

LEVEL - 1
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM THE ALTERNATIUES 𝟏. 𝟐, 𝟑 OR 4 GIVEN
Properties of III group elements

1 +1 oxidation state is more stable than +3 state for

1 Ga
2 Al
3 Tl
4 Pb
2 Which of the following is true for an element of boron family?
1 It forms an oxide "MO"
2 Its trihalide is always dimeric
3 Its trifluoride is a very weak Lewis acid
4 Its hydride is either (MH3 )n or Mn Hn+4
3 Which amongst the following is also called as a sesque oxide?
1 B2 O3
2 Al2 O3
3 Tl2 O3
4 All
4 An element " M " forms a nitride directly and does not form a peroxide. ' M ' is
1 Al
2 Ba
3 Mg
4 Tl
5 Boron differs from the other elements of the group because it has
1 A different configuration in its penultimate shell
2 A valence shell configuration of s2 p1
3 Ten d - electrons of 3rd orbit
4 High I.P. value
6 High temperature thermometers use in their construction
1 Ga
2 Hg
3 Cr
4 Na
7 The most basic oxide in the following is
1 Ga2 O3
2 In2 O
3 Tl2 O

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4 Tl2 O3
8 Except B and Al, all other III group elements exhibit +1 oxidation state. This is because
1 they are ' p ' block elements
2 their first ionization energy is less
3 they have low melting point
4 due to inert pair effect
9 Trihalides of IIIA group elements predominantly act as
1 Lewis acids
2 Arrhenius acids
3 Lewis bases
4 Bronsted bases
10 Aluminium is diagonally related to
1 Be
2 Mg
3 Ge
4 C
11 Which of the following is an ionic compound?
1 AlF3
2 AlCl3
3 AlBr3
4 All3
12 The highest melting point element is
1 boron
2 gallium
3 indium
4 thalium
13 The lowest melting point element is
1 boron
2 indium
3 gallium
4 aluminium
Boron and its compounds
14. The mineral from which borax is prepared is

1 Sylvine
2 Colemanite
3 Bauxite
4 Boracite

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15 The aqueous solution of borax is

1 Acidic
2 Alkaline
3 Neutral
4 Amphoteric
16 Which of the following is not a naturally occurring compound of boron?
1 Colemanite
2 Tincal
3 Kernite
4 Carnallite
17 Which is correctly matched?
1 Tincal - Na2 B4 O7 10H2 O
2 Boric acid - H3 BO4
3 Kernite - B3 N3 H6
4 Colemanite −Ca2 B6 O10
18 Borax structure contains
1 TwoBO4 groups and two BO3 groups
2 Four BO4 groups only
3 Four BO3 groups only
4 Three BO4 and one BO3 groups.
19 The order of the increasing acidic strength of BF3 , BCl3 and BBr3 is
1 BF3 > BCl3 > BBr3
2 BF3 < BCl3 < BBr3
3 BBr3 < BF3 < BCl3
4 BCl3 > BBr3 > BF3
20 When strongly heated, orthoboric acid gives
1 HBO2
2 H2 B4 O7
3 B2 O3
4 B
21 Borax bead test is given by
1 All divalent metals
2 All heavy metals
3 All light metals
4 Metals which form coloured metaborates
22 Which of the following does not give borax bead test?
1 Al2 (SO4 )3

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2 Cu(NO3 )2
3 NiSO4
4 (CH3 COO)2 Co
23 Borax on heating strongly above its melting point melts to a liquid which then solidifies to a
transparent mass commonly known as borax bead. The transparent glassy mass consists of
1 Mixture of sodium metaborate and boric anhydride
2 Boric anhydride
3 Sodium metaborate
4 Sodium pyroborate
24 Boric acid is polymeric due to
1 Its acidic nature
2 the presence of hydrogen bonds
3 its monobasic nature
4 its geometry
25 When a silent electric discharge was passed through a mixture of BCl3 and H2 in 1: 3 moles ratio,
the product is
1 B2 H5 Cl
2 B2 Cl6
3 B2 H6
4 all in equal amounts
26 Which of the following can be called Inorganic graphite?
1 BCl3
2 H3 BO3
3 BN
4 B2 O3
27 The hydrogen bridge structure to diborane was suggested because the molecule has
1 14 electrons available for bonding
2 deficiency of electrons
3 similar formula to C2 H6
4 boron atoms with lone pairs
28 In diborane, a banana bond covers
1 one B and two hydrogen atoms
2 two B atoms and one hydrogen atom
3 one B and one hydrogen atom
4 two B and four hydrogen atoms
29 "Inorganic benzene" is another name for
1 borazole
2 borazine

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3 triborine triammine
4 all
30 Assertion : B(OH)3 is acidic while In (OH)3 is basic.
Reason : B(OH)3 has highly H-bonded network structure.
1 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A
2 Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3 A is true and R is false
4 A is false and R is true
5 The formula of 'spinel' is AB2 O4 , where A is and B is

A B

1) II A III A metal

2) III A metal II A element

3) Transition metal in +3 state Transition metal in +2 state

4) II A element Transition metal in +2 state

Hints & Solutions

1 It is due to inert pair effect.

4. 2Al + N2 → 2AlN
9. Trihalides are electron deficient compounds.
11. The electronegativity difference is very high.
15. Na2 B4 O7 + 2H2 O → 2NaOH + H2 B4 O7
19. Back bonding formation capacity decreases from BF3 to BI3 .
∆
20. 2H3 BO3 → B2 O3 + 3H2 O
22. Al salts are colourless salts.
∆ ∆
23. Na2 B4 O7 10H2 O → Na2 B4 O7 → 2NaBO2 + B2 O3
25. 2BCl3 + 6H2 → B2 H6 + 6HCl
26. 2B + N2 → 2BN
31. Oxidation state of A = +2
Oxidation state of B = +3
So A belongs to IA group and B belongs to IIA group.

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LEVEL - 2
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM THE ALTERNATIUES 1.2 .3 OR 4 GIVEN

Properties of III group elements

1 Which one of the following is a correct statement

1 the hydroxide of aluminium is more acidic than boron hydroxide
2 the hydroxide of boron is basic while that of aluminium is amphoteric
3 the hydroxide of boron is acidic while that of aluminium is amphoteric
4 the hydroxides of both boron and aluminium are amphoteric
2 The correct statement among the following is
1 B2 O3 is amphoteric oxide whereas Al2 O3 is an acidic oxide
2 Al exhibits allotropy whereas boron does not
3 both boron and aluminium react with nitrogen to form nitrides which on hydrolysis gives acids as
well as alkalies
4 boron reacts with acids as well as alkalies liberating hydrogen whereas aluminium reacts only with
acids liberating hydrogens
3 Which of the following does not form M +3 ion.
1 boron
2 aluminium
3 indium
4 gallium
4 BCl3 does not exist as dimer but BH3 exist as dimer (B2 H6 ) because
1 chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen
2 there is pπ − pπ back bonding in BCl3 but BH3 does not contain such multiple bonding
3 large sized chlorine atoms do not fit in between the small boron atoms whereas small sized
hydrogen atoms get fitted in between boron atoms
4 none of the above
5 Element with a giant molecular structure
1 B
2 Al
3 Ga
4 Tl
6 Which of the following forms M2 O type of oxide
1 Al
2 B
3 Tl
4 Ga
7 Which is used as control rods in nuclear reactors ?
1 Al

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2 Ga
3 Tl
4 B
Boron and its compounds
8. Which of the following reacts with BCl3 to form diborane ?

1 NH3
2 LiAlH4
3 Na − Hg
4 K 2 Cr2 O7
9 In the formation of a tau bond in diborane the number of eleetrons and nuin atoms involved are
respectively
1 1,2
2 2,3
3 1,3
4 3,1
10 Hybridisation of boron in diborane is
1 sp2
2 sp3
3 sp
4 sp3 d
11 Borazole is more reactive than benzene due to
1 Borazole is a polar compound
2 Borazole is an electron deficient compound
3 Borazole is non polar compound
4 Borazole do not contain delocalised electron
12 The number of hydrogen atoms in diborane that can be methylated are
1 6
2 4
3 2
4 none
13 Which of the following reacts with BBl3 to form diborane?
1 NH3
2 LiAlH4
3 Na − Hg
4 KCl
14 In diborane
1 4 bridged hydrogens and two terminal hydrogens are present
2 2-bridged hydrogens and four terminal hydrogens are present

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3 3-bridged and three terminal hydrogens are present

4 none of the above
15 The non planar molecule among the following is
1 B2 H6
2 C2 H4
3 C6 H6
4 BCl3
16 The total number of vacant orbitals involved in bond formation of diborane is
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 6
17 The number of σ and π bonds present in inorganic benzene
1 9σ, 6π
2 6σ, 3π
3 9σ, 3π
4 12σ, 3π
18 Hydrogen gas is not liberated when diborane react with which of the following
1 Cl2
2 H2 O
3 KOH
4 HCl
19 The HBH bond angle in diborane between the hydrogen atoms of the same plane is
1 90∘
2 121.5∘
3 109∘
4 101∘
20 In the reaction, B2 H6 + 2KOH + 2X → 2Y + 6H2 . X and Y are respectively
1 H2 , H3 BO3
2 HCl, KBO2
3 H2 O, KBO3
4 H2 O, KBO2
21 A mixture of boron trichloride and hydrogen is subjected to silent electric discharge to form A and
HCl. A is mixed with NH3 and heated to 200∘ C to form B. The formula of ' R ' is
1 H3 BO3
2 B2 O3
3 B3 N3 H6
4 B2 H6

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22 Aluminium reacts with NaOH and forms compound ' X '. If the coordination number of aluminium
in ' X ' is 6 , the correct formula of X :
1 [Al(H2 O)4 (OH)2 ]+
2 [Al(H2 O)3 (OH)3 ]
3 [Al(H2 O)2 (OH)4 ]−
4 [Al(H2 O)6 ](OH)3
23 Diborane reacts with ammonia under different conditions to give a variety of products. Which one
among the following is not formed in these reactions ?
1 B2 H6 ⋅ 2NH3
2 N12 H12
3 B3 N3 H6
4 (BN)n
24 Assertion (A) : B2 H6 on methylation gives B2 H2 (CH3 )4 .
Reason (R) : In B2 H6 two hydrogen atoms are bonded to both boron atoms by bridge bonds.
1 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A
2 Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3 A is true and R is false
4 A is false and R is true
25 Mark the correct statements in the following, In diborane (B2 H6 )
A) Each B atom undergoes sp3 hybridisation.
B) There is tetrahedral environment around each B atom.
C) Hb − B − Hb bond angle is 122∘.
D) There are four hydrogen bridge bonds.
The correct answer is
1 A, B, C
2 B, C, D
3 A, B, D
4 A, C, D

Hints & Solutions

3 It is due to high electronegativity of boron.
6. Tl shows high inert pair effect.
In the formation of a tau bond two electrons and three atoms are involved.
9.

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12 B2 H2 (CH3 )4
13 4BCl3 + 3LiAlH4 → 2 B2 H6 + 3LiCl + 3AlCl3
16. Each boron atom contains one vacant SP 3 orbital. So 2 vacant orbitals are involved in bonding.
17.

18 B2 H6 + 6Cl2 → 2BCl3 + 6HCl

21. 2BCl3 + 6H2 → B2 H6 + 6HCl 3 B2 H6 + 6NH3 → 2 B3 N3 H6 + 12H2
(A) (B)
[ ( ) ] − +
22. 2Al + 2NaOH + 10H2 O → 2 Al H2 O 2 (OH)4 + 2Na + 3H2
23. In the reaction B12 H12 is not formed.

QUESTIONS GIVEN IN EAMCET

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM THE ALTERNATIUES 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 OR 4 GIVEN

1 A compound X, of boron reacts with NH3 , on heating to give another compound Y which is called
inorganic benzene. The compound X can be prepared by treating BF3 with Lithium aluminium
hydride. The compounds X and Y are represented by the formulas.
[EAMCET 20 AP E]
1 B2 H0 , B3 N3 H6
2 B2 O3 , B3 N, H0
3 BF3 , B3 N3 H6
4 B3 N3 H6 , B2 H6
2 Which of the following compounds are formed when boron trichloride is treated with water?
[EAMCET 20 AP E]
1 H3 BO3 + HCl
2 B2 H6 + HCl
3 B2 O3 + HCl
4 HBO3 + HCl
3 Dilute sodium hydroxide does not react with which of the following?
[EAMCET 20 AP E]
1 Ga
2 Al
3 Ti
4 B
4 The possible oxidation states of Group-13 elements is/are
[EAMCET 20 AP E]
1 +3
2 +1, +3

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3 +1
4 +1, +2, +3
5 According to the figure given, which of the following statements is incorrect?
[EAMCET 80 AP E]

1 The 2 bridged hydrogen atoms and 2 boron atoms lie in one plane
2 Out of 6 B − H bonds two bonds can be described in terms of 3 center 2-electron bonds
3 Out of 6 B − H bonds four bonds can be described in terms of 3 center 2 -electron bonds
4 The four terminal B-H bonds are 2 center 2 electron regular bonds
6 Which of the following represents the structure of inorganic benzene?
[EAMCET 20 AP E]

7 The correct decreasing order of stabilities of +3 oxidation state of group-13 elements is

[EAMCET 20 AP M]
1 B 3+ > Al3+ > Ga3+ > In3+ > Tl3+
2 Al3+ > Ga3+ > In3+ > Tl3+ > B 3+
3 Tl3+ > In3+ > Ca3+ > Al3+ > B 3+
4 Al3+ > B 3+ > Ga3+ > In3+ > Tl3+
8 In diborane are present
[EAMCET 20 AP M]
1 4 bridged hydrogens and 2 terminal hydrogens
2 2 bridged hydrogens and 4 terminal hydrogens
3 3 bridged hydrogens and 3 terminal hydrogens
4 2 bridged hydrogens and 2 terminal hydrogens
9 With which of the following elements Boron shows diagonal relationship?
[EAMCET 20 AP M]
1 Mg
2 Ga
3 C
4 Si

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10 Chemically, Borax is
[EAMCET 20 AP M]
1 Sodium metaborate
2 Sodium orthoborate
3 Sodium tetra borate decahydrate
4 Sodium hexaborate
11 The type of hybridization in B2 H6 is
[EAMCET 20 AP M]
2 sp2
3 sp3 d
4 sp
12 H3 BO3 is
[EAMCET 20 TS M]
1 Monobasic and weak Lewis acid
2 Monobasic and weak Bronsted acid
3 Monobasic and strong Lewis acid
4 Tribasic and weak Bronsted acid
13 Hybridization of boron in diborane is
[EAMCET 20 'SS E]
1 sp
2 sp2
3 sp3
4 sp3 d
14 What is the nature of the bonding in anhydrous AlCl3 and hydrated AlCl3 respectively?
[EAMCET 20 TS E]
1 Ionic and Ionic
2 Ionic and Covalent
3 Covalent and Ionic
4 Covalent and Covalent
15 An aqueous solution of borax is
[EAMCET 20 TS E]
1 Neutral
2 Amphoteric
3 Basic
4 Acidic
16 When orthoboric acid (H3 BO3 ) is subjected to strong heating, the residue left is
[EAMCET 20 TS E]
1 Diborane

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2 Boron
3 Boric anhydride
4 Borax
17 Borax is converted into crystalline boron by the following steps
X ∆ Y
Borax → H3 BO3 → B2 O3 → B
H2O ∆

Identify X and Y respectively.

[EAMCET 20 TS E]

1 HCl and Mg
2 C and Al
3 HCl and C
4 HCl and Sn
18 Match the following
[EAMCET 20 TS E]
LIST - I (compounds) LIST - II (uses)
A) Boron – 10 I) Antiseptic
B) Borax II) Bullet proof vest
C) Boron-Fibre III) Neutron absorber
D) Orthoboric acid IV) Heat resistance glasses
The correct match is

19 Pick the correct statement

I) Borax is white crystalline solid containing [B4 O5 (OH)4 ]2− units.
II) Aqueous solution of borax is acidic in nature.
III) Cobalt gives blue colour in borax bead test.
[EAMCET 20 TS E]
1 (I) and (II)
2 (I) and (III)
3 (II) only
4 (II) and (III)
20 Which of the following molecules does not exist as monomer in its major form?
[EAMCET 20 TS M]
1 BF3
2 BCl3
3 BBr3
4 BH,
21 With reference to diborane (B2 H6 ), identify the correct statement
[EAMCET 20 is M]

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1 There is direct boron-boron bond

2 The structure is similar to that of C2 H6
3 The boron atoms are linked through hydrogen bridges
4 It is a planar molecule
22 An unknown inorganic compound "A" on reduction with LiAlH4 produced a hydride product " B "
(along with other by-products). The product " B " contains 21.72% of hydrogen in it. The product "
B " on exposure to air gave boron trioxide. The compounds " A " and " B " are
[EAMCET 20 TS M]
1 B2 H6 ; LiBH2
2 BCl3 ; B2 H6
3 BF3 ; B2 O3

4 B2 H6 ; LiBH4
23 Borax reacts with conc. HCl to produce a boron containing compound X. Heating X with C2 H5 OH
converted into Y, which gives green edged flame. Identify X and Y.
[EAMCET 20 TS M]
1 X = H3 BO3 and Y = (C2 H5 )3 BO3
2 X = HBO2 and Y = C2 H5 BO2
3 X = B2 O3 and Y = (C2 H3 )3 BO3
4 X = B2 H6 and Y = H3 BO3
24 When borax is dissolved in water, it gives an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution consists the
following products
[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 NaOH&BH3
2 NaOH&H3 BO3
3 NaHCO3 &H3 BO3
4 Na2 CO3 &H3 BO3
25 The structure of diborane B2 H6 is given below. Identify the bond angles x, y. In diborane, are
commonly known as banana-bonds
[EAPCET 21 AP E]

1. x = 97∘ , y = 120∘ and 3-centered-2-electron bonds

2. ẋ = 101∘ , y = 118∘ and 2-centered-3-electron bonds
3. x = 118∘ , y = 79∘ and ionic bond between the two B's
4. x = 79∘ , ẏ = 118∘ and ionic bond between the two B's

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26 AlF3 is soluble in HF only in the presence of KF due to formation of

[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 AlH3
2 [AlH6 ]3−
3 [AlF6 ]3−
4 K[AlF3 H]
27 H3 BO3 or B(OH)3 is considered as an acid because its molecule
[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 Combines with proton from water molecule
2 Accepts OH − from water, releasing a proton
3 Contains replaceable H + ion
4 Can donate proton easily
28 Consider the reaction BCl3 + NH3 → BCl3 ⋅ NH3 , the geometrices of BCl3 and BCl3 ⋅ NH3
respectively are
[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 Trigonal planar & Tetrahedral
2 Tetrahedral & Square planar
3 Tetrahedral & Trigonal bipyramidal
4 Square planar & Trigonal pyramidal
29 AlCl3 is an electron deficient compound but AlF3 is not. This is because
[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 Atomic size of F is smaller than Cl which makes AlF, more covalent
2 A/Cl3 is a covalent compound while AlF3 is an ionic compound
3 AlCl3 exists as dimer but AlF3 does not
4 A/ in AlCl3 is in sp3 hybrid state but A/ in AlF3 is in sp2 state
30 The stability of +1 oxidation state increases in the sequence
[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 Ga < ln < Al < Tl
2 Al < Ga < ln < Tl
3 Tl < ln < Ga < Al
4 In < Tl < Ga < Al
31 Aluminium (III) chloride forms a dimer because aluminium
[EAPCET 21 AP E]
1 belongs to Boron family
2 has a very high ionization enthalpy
3 can have higher co-ordination number
4 is next to Magnesium
32 Boron compound behave as Lewis acids because of their
[EAPCET 21 AP E]

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1 electron rich in nature

2 electron deficient in nature
3 ionization properties
4 proton donating nature
33 The product(s) of the reaction NaBH4 + I2 → 'Products' is /are
[EAPEET 21 AP E]
1 B2 H4 I2 + 2NaI
2 B2 H6 + NaH + HI
3 B2 H6 + 2NaI + H2
4 2NaBH4 I
34 Identify the incorrect statement in case of diborane structure
[EAPCET 21 AP A]
1 There are 2 bridging H atoms in diborane
2 The H atoms are not in the same palne in diborane
3 B atom is sp3 hybridized in diborane
4 All B-H bonds in diborane are similar
35 The type of hybridization of Boron in diborane is [EAPCET 21 AP A]
1 sp
2 sp2
3 sp3
4 sp3 d
36 Which statements about Boron and its compounds, among the following, are true?
[EAPCET 21 AP A]
i) Boron has high density and good electricial conducityvity.
ii) 10 B isotope metal borides are useful as protective shields in nuclear industry.
iii) Borax and boric acid are used in the manufacture of glasses.
iv) Orthoboric and is toxic and hence not useful in antiseptic solutions.
1 (i) & (ii) only
2 (ii) & (iv) only
3 (iii) & (iv) only
4 (ii) & (iii) only
37 Inorganic graphite is
[EAPCET 21 AP A]
1 B3 N3 H6
2 (BN)n
3 SiC
4 BO3−
3

38 Which metal is protected by a layer of its own oxide?

[EAPCET 21 AP A]
1 Al

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2 Au
3 Fe
4 Ag

39 Which of the following complex ions does not exist?

[EAMCET 21 TS E]
1 [B(H2 O)6 ]3+
2 [Al(H2 O)6 ]3+
3 [Ga(H2 O)6 ]3+
4 [ln (H2 O)6 ]3+
40 In the following reaction sequence, the compound C is
∆ H2O
Al + N2 → (A) → B(ppt) + C(g)
[EAMCET 21 TS E]
1 NO2
2 NH3
3 NO
4 N2
41 Match the following.
[EAMCET 21 TS E]
Column – 1 Column - 2
Reaction Main Product
a) B2 H6 + 2CO ⟶ I) B2 O3
b) B2 H6 + 3O2 ⟶ II) 2BH3 ⋅ CO
c) B2 H6 + 6H2 O ⟶ III) 2H3 BO3
IV) 2BH2 (CO)
V) 2HBO2
The correct match is
ABC
1 IV I III
2 II III V
3 IV III I
4 II I III

42 Match the following :

[EAMCET 21 TS E]
List I List II
Compound Physical/Chemical property/name/structure
A) H3 BO3 I) Dimeric form
B) AlCl3 II) Back bonding
C) B3 N3 H6 III) Hydrogen bonding
D) 𝐵𝐹3 IV) Inorganic benzene
The correct match is
1 𝐴 − 𝐼, 𝐵 − 𝐼𝐼, 𝐶 − 𝐼𝐼𝐼, 𝐷 − 𝐼𝑉

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2 𝐴 − 𝐼𝐼𝐼, 𝐵 − 𝐼𝐼, 𝐶 − 𝐼𝑉, 𝐷 − 𝐼

3 𝐴 − 𝐼𝐼𝐼, 𝐵 − 𝐼, 𝐶 − 𝐼𝐼, 𝐷 − 𝐼𝑉
4 𝐴 − 𝐼𝐼𝐼, 𝐵 − 𝐼, 𝐶 − 𝐼𝑉, 𝐷 − 𝐼𝐼
43 Amphoteric hydroxide from the following is
[EAMCET 21 TS E]
1 Al(OH)3
2 In (OH)3
3 𝐵(OH)3
4 𝑇𝐼(𝑂𝐻)3
44 The correct statements from below are
I) H3 BO3 is a liquid
II) H3 BO3 forms a layer structure
III) In H3 BO3 , each BO3 unit is joined by hydrogen bonds
IV) H3 BO3 is tribasic
[EAMCET 21 TS A]
1 I and II
2 II and III
3 III and IV
4 II and IV
45 The highest 𝐸 0 (in 𝑉 ) value for 𝑀+ → 𝑀 among the group 13 elements is
[EAMCET 21 TS E]
1 -0.55
2 0.55
3 0.34
4 0.92
46 Identify the correct statements about Boron.
[EAPCET 22 AP E]
I. It has high melting point.
II. It has high density.
III. It has high electrical conductivity
IV. B-10 isotope of it has high ability to absorb neutrons
1 I, II only
2 II, III only
3 III, IV only
4 I, IV only
47 Aluminium when treated with aqueous NaOH, liberates a gaseous molecule majorly. The gas is
[EAMCET 22 TS E]
1 H2
2 O2
3 𝐷2
4 O3
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Hints & Solutions

∆
1 3 B2 H6 + 6NH3 → 2 B3 N3 H6 + 12H2
(X) (B)
4BF3 + 3LiAlH4 → 2 B2 H6 + 3LiF + 3AlF3
(X)
𝑋 = 𝐵2 𝐻6 , 𝑌 = 𝐵3 𝑁3 𝐻6 .

2 BCl3 + 3H2 O →, H3 BO3 + 3HCl.

3 Among group - 13 elements 𝐵, 𝐴𝑙, 𝐺𝑎 and 𝑇𝑙, boron does not react with dilute NaOH but it reacts
with conc. NaOH.
6. 𝐵3 𝑁3 𝐻6 is inorganic benzene.
7. In group-13 elements, stability of +3 oxidation decreases and stability of +1 oxidation
8. Structure of diborane is

state increases due to inert pair effect.

It contains 4 terminal hydrogens and two bridged hydrogens.
10. Borax (Na2 B4 O7 ⋅ 10H2 O) is sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
11. In diborane, both the boron undergoes 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation.
13. In anhydrous condition, the (charge/radius) ratio i.e., polarisability of 𝐴𝑙 3+ is high and hence, according
to Fajan's rule, Al3+ polarises Cl− ions to large extent and introducing covalent character in the compound
i.e., AlCl3 behaves as a covalent compound in anhydrous condition.

In aqueous medium ions get hydrated. Since, the (charge/radius) ratio of hydrated Al3+ ion is much smaller
as compared to that of Al3+ , the tendency of [Al(H2 O)6 ]3+ to polarise hydrated Cl− ion decreases and the
resulting hydrated compound is ionic in nature.
15. Borax dissolves in water to give an alkaline solution.

Na2 B4 O7 + 7H2 O → 2NaOH + 4H3 BO3 .

∆
16 2H3 BO3 → B2 O3 + 3H2 O
Boric anhydride
17 Na2 B4 O7 ⋅ 10H2 O + 2HCl → 4H3 BO3 + 2NaCl + 5H2 O
Borax (X)
∆
B2 O3 + 3Mg → 2 B + 3MgO

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(𝑌)
20. BH3 molecule is electron deficient in nature since ' 𝐵 ' atom has only 6 electrons around it. So, it exists
in the form of dimer that is 𝐵2 𝐻6 .
21. Structure of diborane (𝐵2 𝐻6 ) is
In 𝐵2 𝐻6 , boron atoms are linked through hydrogen bridges.

𝐿𝑖𝐴𝐻4
22 2BCl3 + 12H → B2 H6 + 6HCl
(A) (B)
B2 H6 + 3O2 → B2 O3 + 3H2 O
6
%H in B2 H6 = × 100% = 21 ⋅ 43%
28

∴ 𝐴 is 𝐵𝐶𝑙3 and 𝐵 is 𝐵2 𝐻6 .
23. Na2 B4 O10 + 2HCl + 5H2 O → 2NaCl + H3 BO3 Borax

H3 BO3 + 3C2 H5 OH → (C2 H5 )3 BO3 + 3H2 O

(y)
24. Borax dissolves in water to give an alkaline solution.

Na2 B4 O7 + 7H2 O → 2NaOH + 4H3 BO3 .

25.

In diborane, three centered two electron bonds are called banana bonds.

26 𝐴𝑙𝐹3 is soluble in 𝐻𝐹 only in the presence of 𝐾𝐹 due to the formation of 𝐾3 [𝐴𝑙𝐹6 ] i.e., [ AlF 6 ]3−
𝐻𝐹
𝐴𝑙𝐹3 + 3𝐾𝐹 → 𝐾3 [𝐴′ 𝐹6 ].

27 B(OH)3 + H2 O → [B(OH)4 ]− + H + .
28 Geometry of BCl3 is trigonal planar and gemoetry of BCl3 ⋅ NH3 is Tetrahedral.
29 Most covalent compounds are electron deficient because in ionic compounds an atom can donate
its electrons to others, so as to make an electron precise or electron rich octet. This is not possible
in case of covalent compounds.
Since the cation is same in both the compounds (AlCl3 and AlF3 ), the size of anion decides the
nature of the compound. Size of Cl being greater than F, AlCl3 is covalent while AlF3 is ionic.
30 The stability of +1 oxidation state increases in Group - 13 elements from 𝐴/ to 𝑇/ due to inert pair
effect.
31 Aluminium (𝐼𝐼𝐼) chloride forms dimer because 𝐴𝑙 can have high coordination number.

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32 Boron compounds are electron deficient, because in these compounds, boron has only six electrons
in their valence shell. Hence boron compounds behave as Lewis acids.
33 2NaBH4 + I2 ⟶ B2 H6 + 2NaI + H2 .
34 All 𝐵 − 𝐻 bonds in diborane are not similar.
There are two types of bonds in diborane. Normal covalent bonds and three centered electron pair
bonds.
35 In diborane, each 𝐵 undergoes 𝑠𝑝3 hybridisation.
36 Statement (i) is wrong because 𝐵 has low density and is a conductor at high 𝑇 and insulator at low
𝑇.
Statement(iv) is wrong because aqueous solution of orthoboric acid is used as mild antisestic.
37 (𝐵𝑁)𝑛 is called inorganic graphite because it has layer structure similar to graphite.
38 Aluminium metal is protected by layer of its own oxide (Al2 O3 ).
39 Maximum covalency of 𝐵 is 4 .
So, [𝐵(H2 O)6 ]3+ does not exist.
𝐻2𝑂
40 2Al + N2 → 2AlN → Al(OH)3 ↓ +NH3 ↑.
(A) (B) (C)
41 A) B2 H6 + 2CO → 2BH3 CO.
B) B2 H6 + 3O2 → B2 O3 + 3H2 O
C) B2 H6 + 6H2 O → 2H3 BO3 + 6H2
42 A) Boric acid - Hydrogen bonding (III)
B) AlCl3 - Dimeric form (I)
C) 𝐵3 𝑁3 𝐻6 - Inorganic benzene (IV)
D) 𝐵𝐹3 - Back bonding (II).
43 Al(OH)3 is amphoteric hydroxide.
44 Statements (II), (III) are correct.
I) H3 BO3 is a colourless white solid.
IV) H3 BO3 is a monobasic acid.
45 𝐸M0 /𝑀 values of 𝐴𝑙, 𝐺𝑎, In and 𝑇𝑙 are +0.55 V, −0.79 V (acid), −0.18 V and −0.34 V. So, highest
value is 0.55 V.
46 Boron has high molting point, due to Boron atoms have a close packed structure in its solid state.
𝐵10 isotope of boron has high ability to absorb neutrons.
10
5𝐵 + 0 𝑛1 ⟶ 5 𝐵11

So I and IV statements are correct.

47 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2 O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

The liberated gas is H2 .

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